CN103370523A

CN103370523A - Internal combustion engine, exhaust valve and cylinder head therefor, and production, operation and use of an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN103370523A
Application number: CN2011800544522A
Authority: CN
Inventors: D·拉尔森
Original assignee: MAN Diesel and Turbo Filial af MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
Current assignee: MAN Energy Solutions Filial af MAN Energy Solutions SE
Priority date: 2010-12-11
Filing date: 2011-12-09
Publication date: 2013-10-23
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-09
Also published as: KR101577677B1; JP5760094B2; CN103370523B; DE102010054206A1; WO2012076183A1; JP2013545028A; KR20130101088A; DE102010054206B4

Abstract

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a large two-stroke diesel engine, comprising at least one combustion chamber (2) delimited by a cylinder (1) and a piston (3) interacting with a crankshaft, said combustion chamber comprising at least one combustion gas outlet (20; 120; 320; 420), which is formed between a valve disk (8; 108; 308) of an exhaust valve (9; 109; 309) and an associated disk seat, and at least one charge air inlet (4). The exhaust valve (9; 109; 309) can be actuated between an open position and a closed position. The combustion gas outlet (20; 120; 320; 420) is connected to at least one outlet channel (11) and to at least one combustion gas draw-off duct (18; 118a, 118b; 318, 318a; 418, 418a), for example in order to recirculate part of the combustion gas generated during combustion to the charge air inlet (4). The invention further relates to an exhaust valve (9; 109; 309) and to a cylinder head for such an internal combustion engine. The invention is characterized by a throttle device (10; 110; 310) which is fastened to the exhaust valve (9; 109; 309) or integrally molded as part of the exhaust valve (9; 109; 309) and by means of which the combustion gas is drawn off in a predetermined way. The invention further relates to a method for producing an internal combustion engine, to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, and to a use for an internal combustion engine.

Description

Internal-combustion engine, outlet valve and be used for the cylinder cap of internal-combustion engine and manufacturing, operation and the application of internal-combustion engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine, especially two-stroke large diesel engine of feature of the preamble with claim 1; According to claim 13 with 19 as described in the preamble a kind of outlet valve and a kind of cylinder cap for such internal-combustion engine; As described in the preamble a kind of method for the manufacture of such internal-combustion engine according to claim 20; The application of as described in the preamble such internal-combustion engine according to claim 26 and as described in the preamble a kind of method be used to moving such internal-combustion engine according to claim 27.

Background technique

Known combustion gas recirculation in such internal-combustion engine is in order to make the pressurized air of the firing chamber that flows to internal-combustion engine be loaded with the combustion gas of recirculation.Therefore reduced nitrogen oxide (NO _X) discharge amount.Except from the pure scavenging of the in advance compression of surrounding environment and in case of necessity pretreated for example dry, filtration or temperature adjustment with the air, pressurized air also should contain the component that air is used in another scavenging, the mixture that is for example consisted of with the combustion gas of air and recirculation by scavenging, therefore except scavenging with air and/or pure scavenging with the air, described pressurized air can also contain other component, for example the rock gas of evaporation.

Get back in the firing chamber for combustion gas are drawn, for example be known that at this combustion gas with recirculation mix the scavenging air, and with this mixture via one or more common suction ports for example the air inlet slot rush and sweep the firing chamber.Be known that in addition on the one hand the combustion gas of the recirculation of firing chamber and on the other hand remaining pressurized air part introduced in the firing chamber, so that just consist of the mixture of pressurized air in the firing chamber via independent suction port.At this, the present invention can with combustion gas are drawn all known types combination of getting back in the firing chamber.

To this known such internal-combustion engine in German patent application DE102005057207A1, wherein except the outlet valve that the firing chamber is connected or separates with the exhaust passage, also be provided with independent second row air valve, described second row air valve is connected the firing chamber or is separated with recirculating line.This structure expends relatively.

In addition, European patent application EP 2151569A1 illustrates a kind of internal-combustion engine, wherein branch out recirculating line in the exhaust passage in the downstream that is arranged on outlet valve by flowing, described recirculating line can open or close in the exhaust passage via the second valve device on the valve rod that is arranged on outlet valve and the valve accommodating part that matches.For example be provided with the sleeve on the valve rod that is arranged on the exhaust passage of the slot of circumference for this reason.The valve accommodating part that is arranged on regularly in the exhaust passage has equally with sleeve slot, that cover the point of branching that leads to recirculating line.Because thereby outlet valve and valve rod can rotate in order to reduce the inhomogeneous air inlet of valve seat, so point of branching can open and close in recirculating line constantly via rotating machinery.Both made when not needing here when opening and closing the independent second valve of recirculating line, and still be difficult to occur open frequency and opening stage by engine operating cycle and by the timing of the opening stage that during engine cycle, is suitable for the recirculation stage by what rotating machinery was determined.

In addition, known a kind of four stroke engine in Japanese open source literature JP6241127, wherein in the exhaust passage in the downstream that is arranged on outlet valve, tell recirculating line, described recirculating line opens and closes via independent valve, described valve be configured to simultaneously the throttle valve of exhaust passage and therefore when opening recirculating line throttling pass the percolation of exhaust passage.At this, recycle valve-gas exhaust piping throttle valve is stayed the throttling exhaust passage and is opened on the position of recirculating line during stroke is swept in whole punching.

Last known a kind of internal-combustion engine in DE102008058612A1, wherein recirculating line at first in the exhaust passage in the downstream that is arranged on outlet valve by flowing branch out, described recirculating line also here opens and closes by independent valve.In a form of implementation, in the exhaust passage, in the zone in the downstream of the valve that is in the recirculating line upstream, be provided with throttling arrangement, described throttling arrangement has the valve that can be offset.Described valve is opened by the compression shock that produces when opening main exhaust valve, and closes via preloading spring when pressure decreased is abundant.This solution also in view of outlet valve, throttling arrangement and be connected to the recirculating line upstream valve timing and because total is relative expending, also relevant with arranging of the pretightening force of spring, throttling arrangement cuts out via described initial tension of spring.

Summary of the invention

Set out thus, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of internal-combustion engine, a kind of outlet valve and a kind of cylinder cap and a kind of method be used to moving such motor for described internal-combustion engine, therefore can take out by the combustion gas that are mixed with as few as possible fresh air on high stress level, be used for recirculation or other purpose.A kind of application and manufacture method of innovation of the internal-combustion engine for finding should be described in addition.

Described purpose reaches by the described feature of claim in view of internal-combustion engine, in view of outlet valve reaches by the described feature of claim 13, in view of cylinder cap reaches by the described feature of claim 19, in view of manufacture method reaches by the described feature of claim 20, reach by the described feature of claim 26 in view of using, and to reach by the described feature of claim 27 in view of the method that is used for operation of combustion engine.

For this reason according to the present invention, be provided be fixed on the outlet valve or with the throttling arrangement of described outlet valve single type ground structure, described throttling arrangement outlet valve from the closed position of outlet valve until reach the combustion gas of desired opening degree extract open prevent the scope that combustion gas from flowing in the exhaust passage or with outlet valve from as the larger opening degree of desired opening degree until reach the waste gas of enable possition and discharge and open the scope inflow in the exhaust passage of throttling combustion gas at least more strongly, throttling arrangement is discharged to open preferred fully not throttling in the scope or extract to open with combustion gas at outlet valve at described waste gas and is compared the inflow in the exhaust passage of throttling combustion gas at least less in the scope.At this, throttling arrangement and combustion gas extract passage exhaust side or be positioned at via near the point of branching the exhaust outlet of combustion chamber of outlet valve control and be set to each other so that throttling arrangement combustion gas extract open preferred fully not throttling in the scope or at least indistinctively the throttling combustion gas extract inflow in the passage to combustion gas.

Extract at combustion gas and to open in the scope, the annular space that exhaust valve opening is relatively narrow and finally introduce gas exhaust piping in the surrounding environment by its throttle structure locking, or the diameter of described gas exhaust piping or flow cross section are narrowed down.On the contrary, open combustion gas and extract passage.Therefore, thus the combustion gas in the firing chamber when the exhaust valve opening process begins still very high pressure at first be converted at full speed and pass the annular space with high dynamic pressure and arrive flowing of outlet valve place.Then, described flow again by closes vent passage or reduce at least throttling arrangement flow cross section or throttling and be converted to back pressure extract passage so that combustion gas flow into simultaneously not by throttling arrangement locking or the combustion gas that at least only stop indistinctively with high pressure.

Simultaneously, extract in time period of the scope of opening (when opening outlet valve) at the initial combustion gas of outlet valve, pure or be not arranged in the firing chamber with scavenging with the combustion gas of air at least as far as possible, and be not arranged in the firing chamber by the mixture that combustion gas and pressurized air consist of, discharge such as its waste gas that may reside in outlet valve and open in the time period of scope.Especially depend on the initial unlatching period of outlet valve at this, and the ending phase that not too depends on closing process is back to the pressurized air suction port because only draw in the situation that does not add pump in firing chamber air inlet side in the situation of not high enough combustion gas recirculation to combustion gas are being extracted at the pressure of combustion gas during the downward stroke of piston at all.

Therefore according to the timing of outlet valve only completely or at least relatively pure combustion gas arrive combustion gas and extract in the passage, in order to be recycled in the firing chamber, it can be recirculating line in the situation of extracting combustion gas that described combustion gas extract passage.On the contrary, discharge the combustion gas that (under the larger opening degree at outlet valve) exists during time period of the scope of opening-pressurization gas mixture at the waste gas of outlet valve fully or at least the overwhelming majority be discharged to not throttling or at least only in the exhaust passage of weak ground throttling, and fully not or only fraction ground arrives in the combustion gas extraction passages (perhaps being recirculating line in the situation of combustion gas recirculation).

Advantageous particularly on the simple meaning technically, because being used for the Timing Synchronization that the combustion gas to the air inlet side of firing chamber of combustion gas recirculation always extract with respect to outlet valve occurs, perhaps at this for other purpose and also in simple structure and the available engine and the engine design that are easy on the meaning of repacking property be, throttling arrangement and outlet valve single type ground structure or be configured on the outlet valve with installation or the mode of fixing at least.The desired opening degree of outlet valve also can be by outlet valve moulding or be molded over moulding impact on the described outlet valve or that be fixed on the throttling arrangement on the described outlet valve, and be not associated with the compression shock that produces when opening outlet valve, combustion gas extract the scope of opening should be until reach desired opening degree.

If outlet valve constructed according to the invention, enough in many cases in existing motor so is only to change outlet valve, in order to can extract according to the present invention combustion gas.This is at throttling only or particularly suitable in the situation of the throttling arrangement of closes vent passage by halves.On the contrary, if throttling arrangement is answered the complete closed exhaust passage, may be necessary that so that reprocess at the supporting surface corresponding to the exhaust passage, described supporting surface must align well with valve rod.If in this case or do not exist combustion gas to extract passage in the engine-mounted cylinder cap, it can be favourable so whole existing cylinder cap being changed by cylinder cap constructed according to the invention.Especially should extract for combustion gas or combustion gas recirculation and in the situation of reequiping, manufacturing method according to the invention is favourable at existing internal-combustion engine.

Propose according to the present invention in addition a kind of at work internal-combustion engine, especially in two-stroke large diesel engine and the method for especially extracting combustion gas for the purpose of combustion gas recirculation.Internal-combustion engine has at least one by cylinder and the firing chamber that limits with the coefficient piston of bent axle, described firing chamber have at least one be formed in respectively the valve disc of outlet valve and the seat of valve that matches between combustion gas relief opening and at least one pressurized air suction port.At this, the combustion gas relief opening is connected with at least one exhaust passage and with at least one combustion gas extraction passage, for example draws for the part of the combustion gas that will produce when burning to be back to the pressurized air suction port.At this, outlet valve is operated between open position and closed position, extract at the combustion gas of outlet valve and to open in the scope, via be fixed on the outlet valve or prevent with the throttling arrangement of outlet valve single type moulding or with compare the inflow in the exhaust passage of throttling combustion gas at least more strongly at outlet valve the scope from larger opening degree until the waste gas of open position discharges to open.On the contrary, combustion gas extract open in the scope by the preferred fully not throttling of throttling arrangement or at least indistinctively the throttling combustion gas extract inflow in the passage to combustion gas.

At this, be fixed on according to the present invention on the outlet valve or especially in the two stroke engine with combustion gas recirculation, have advantage with the throttling arrangement of outlet valve single type moulding.Therefore can followingly avoid the loss of doing work, be that outlet valve can be than more late opening in the two stroke engine with combustion gas recirculation commonly used, in the latter, in most cases before the air inlet slot is by process, must open outlet valve (or independent exhaust gas recirculation valve) at a distance, mix with the new pressurized air that flows in order to prevent the combustion gas that will draw back.Extract in the passage in order to allow combustion gas to flow into combustion gas, unnecessaryly according to the present invention be, opened outlet valve arrive certain piston position in downward stroke before, described piston position is the crank angle of 40 ° of maximums that begins to open the piston position top of suction port (air inlet slot).Also can advantageously open a little later outlet valve in some cases at this, yet in each case before beginning is carried out scavenging via suction port (air inlet slot) to burning.The high pressure of recycle gas here also is particular importance, because charge-air pressure also must be relatively high.If egr pressure is enough high, can abandon pump so.

Particularly advantageously at this be, extract the combustion gas that elevated pressures on the side flows into the safety check opposing-charge-air mixture and keep closing by being present in combustion gas, be arranged on combustion gas and extract safety check in the passage and prevent that being arranged in waste gas at outlet valve discharges the exhaust passage that combustion gas-charge-air mixture when opening scope flows into not throttling.At this, especially also can be by the safety check of ACTIVE CONTROL, in order to can control better the combustion gas flow that extracts in by the outlet valve of camshaft control at the safety check that combustion gas extract in the passage.Electronically controlled and not via camshaft but in the outlet valve of handling via own driver, can correspondingly regulate the control time of outlet valve, so that the combustion gas flow that control is extracted.

Substitute or be complemented at measures first mentioned, throttling arrangement also can be configured to, perhaps the branch of the exhaust side of throttling arrangement and recirculating line also can be set to each other, so that throttling arrangement the waste gas of outlet valve discharge open prevent in the scope or at least the throttling combustion gas extract inflow in the passage to combustion gas, therefore obtain same effect, prevent that namely opening the combustion gas-charge-air mixture that exists in the time period of scope in the waste gas discharge flow in the combustion gas extraction passage.

In a favourable improvement project of the present invention, throttling arrangement has and radially protrudes from the valve rod of outlet valve, preferably around throttling projection, the throttling projection is arranged in the zone of valve rod, described zone outlet valve combustion gas extract open be positioned at the exhaust passage when opening in the scope be arranged on the downstream of point of branching that combustion gas extract the exhaust side of passage by flowing.Therefore, extract when opening scope when outlet valve is arranged in combustion gas, the percolation of exhaust passage is by throttling, and since the back pressure that forms in the throttling projection be drawn into or import in the combustion gas extraction passage.

Especially when the throttling projection on the inner circumference that abuts at least loosely the exhaust passage in this mode section that is configured to the exhaust cylindrical shell in the exhaust passage by piston movably the time, combustion gas extract to open at combustion gas at outlet valve not to be had to arrive in the large situation amount loss or pressure loss combustion gas and is extracting in the passage when opening in the scope.Therefore can abandon the pump in the recirculating line that draws back towards the air inlet side, described recirculating line is used as combustion gas and extracts passage in the situation of extracting combustion gas for the recirculation purpose.If being configured in cylindrically, the exhaust cylindrical shell is arranged on by flowing in the zone in downstream of point of branching of exhaust side that combustion gas extract passage, be arranged in described zone in outlet valve throttling projection when the combustion gas extraction is opened in the scope, the valve rotating machinery that so generally is arranged in such two-stroke large diesel engine remains usual type, and described valve rotating machinery is usually by the intermittent rotational motion of guaranteeing valve around the propeller structure of valve rod.

In aforementioned favourable improvement project of the present invention, combustion gas extract passage can turn up the soil in the exhaust passage branch out with combustion gas relief opening interval.At this, the throttling projection is arranged in the zone of valve rod, and discharge on the height of the point of branching of opening the combustion gas extraction passage that approximately is arranged in the exhaust passage when opening in the scope at waste gas at outlet valve in described zone.So the exhaust passage has the particularly diameter widening portion of ring in combustion gas extract the zone of channel branch point, can discharge the position that is positioned on the height of point of branching that combustion gas extract passage of opening when opening in the scope in the throttling projection at waste gas at outlet valve and stream the throttling projection so that flow into combustion gas in the exhaust passage.At this, the diameter widening portion is preferred greatly to so that the inflow of preferred fully not throttling combustion gas in the exhaust passage, at least so that open when opening in the scope or be arranged on the less inflow of throttling combustion gas of throttling projection in zone in downstream that combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage by flowing being arranged in than extracting at combustion gas at outlet valve.

What can imagine equally on the other hand is, the throttling projection is arranged near the zone valve disc of being arranged in of valve rod, it is discharged to open at waste gas at outlet valve and is arranged in the firing chamber when opening in the scope, so that therefore possible be to flow in the exhaust passage by the annular pass that is formed between throttling projection and the seat of valve.In this case, the point of branching of recirculating line preferably is arranged on seat of valve originally or be arranged in the zone of direct next-door neighbour's seat of valve of exhaust passage with it.Therefore, the excessive stroke of outlet valve is unnecessary, so that simultaneously the throttling projection that is arranged in the firing chamber guarantee outlet valve for discharging enough large opening degrees of combustion gas-air mixture, and can outlet valve combustion gas extract open when opening in the scope the exhaust passage be arranged in the zone in downstream of point of branching that combustion gas extract passage mobile throttling by flowing protruding.

Will be understood that the throttling projection is discharged to open when opening in the scope at waste gas at outlet valve at least and streamed, and should extract that opening will flow when opening in the scope and import to combustion gas at combustion gas at outlet valve and extract in the passage.Therefore, the throttling projection does not advantageously have for the disadvantageous seamed edge of flow situation, but at least on its front side, namely extract at combustion gas at it and open in the scope on a side of recirculating line point of branching, have the hyperbola curved surface, be transferred in side direction from this zone of exhaust passage in branch's combustion gas extraction passage out in order to extract the combustion gas open in the zone before the throttling projection that will flow into the exhaust passage when opening in the scope at outlet valve at combustion gas.

According to another favourable improvement project of the present invention, the exhaust passage has the exhaust cylindrical shell be arranged on the downstream of combustion gas relief opening by flowing, and out at least one gas exhaust piping and at least one combustion gas extract passage in the excircle top set of described exhaust cylindrical shell.At this, the point of branching of gas exhaust piping is arranged on the downstream that combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage.At this, throttling arrangement can also have mainly can endwisely slip and is contained in movably slider in the exhaust cylindrical shell, described slider moulding and be connected with outlet valve, open the point of branching that hides at least in part gas exhaust piping when opening in the scope so that it extracts at combustion gas at outlet valve, and to discharge at waste gas at outlet valve and to open the point of branching that at least part of covering combustion gas when opening in the scope extract passage.

At this advantageously, on the one hand, not only be arranged in combustion gas at outlet valve and extract and to prevent from or to hinder at least flowing into gas exhaust piping when opening scope, and prevent from or hinder that combustion gas-air mixture flows into that combustion gas extract in the passage or discharge to open at waste gas at outlet valve preventing when opening in the scope or hindering the combustion gas that gather there to being back in the exhaust cylindrical shell.

As mentioning before, slider is not necessarily fully closely worked at the inner circumference of exhaust cylindrical shell at this.Not serious is, between slider and exhaust pipe body wall, Leakage Gas is for example arranged, be arranged in combustion gas at outlet valve and extract when opening scope in the exhaust passage as the important function of flow controller and advantageously discharge when opening scope and opening at combustion gas at waste gas at outlet valve and extract on the point of branching of passage important function as flow controller as long as satisfy slider.

On functional meaning that the front of the valve rotating machinery that arranges has under normal conditions been mentioned, at this advantageously, slider is configured to columniform sliding sleeve, and the exhaust cylindrical shell is columniform equally.Yet be noted that in outlet valve and in the situation that does not have such valve rotating machinery, also can imagine diverse geometrical shape.

At this, slider or sliding sleeve for example can be connected with the valve rod of outlet valve via a plurality of radial supporters.Yet what can imagine equally is, sliding sleeve is configured to from the pipe of a side that deviates from the firing chamber of valve disc, and described pipe is arranged on the near zone that has for the valve disc of the break-through mouth of air-flow.

Preferably can be provided with at this and a plurality ofly to branch out the gas exhaust piping that the gas exhaust pipings that come or have the point of branching on a plurality of circumference that are distributed in the exhaust cylindrical shell from the exhaust cylindrical shell, open the inflow that promotes combustion gas-charge-air mixture when opening in the scope in order to discharge at waste gas at outlet valve.Substitute or be complemented at this, gas exhaust piping also can extend around the exhaust cylindrical shell circlewise, and opens towards the exhaust cylindrical shell circlewise, perhaps has the point of branching of opening towards the exhaust cylindrical shell circlewise.

As same in the improvement project with throttling projection, described throttling projection is discharged to open at waste gas at outlet valve and is arranged in the exhaust passage when opening in the scope, so be provided with there diameter expansion section, in order to can realize streaming of throttling projection, have can be by slider or sliding sleeve throttling or sealing gas exhaust piping/combustion gas extract in the favourable improvement project of pipeline, throttling arrangement, be throttling projection or slider or sliding sleeve, be arranged in the exhaust passage apart from the firing chamber relatively far.Therefore, throttling arrangement is not exposed under the high heat load, and therefore can relatively inexpensively make, and for example constructs hollowly in the situation of throttling projection.In this case, the point of branching that combustion gas extract passage also is positioned at the relative distant place apart from the firing chamber, does not have high, the thin material extension of heat load so that extract between the point of branching of passage and the Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber at combustion gas.

Must be provided with on the other hand specific physical dimension for the exhaust cylindrical shell at this, combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage and the sliding area of throttling arrangement is placed in the described exhaust cylindrical shell.Therefore, it can be favourable having the throttling projection of the waste gas discharging area that is arranged in the firing chamber and near branch's combustion gas out extract passage exhaust outlet of combustion chamber or seat of valve improvement project.In addition, thus therefore can realize combustion gas directly and flow into combustion gas losslessly and extract in the passage.

The third favourable improvement project of the present invention on this direction further, wherein, be arranged on the exhaust cylindrical shell downstream, pref. cylindrical of combustion gas relief opening although the exhaust passage has equally by flowing, yet described exhaust pipe body can be than short a lot of in the aforementioned improved scheme with such exhaust cylindrical shell.Because the exhaust cylindrical shell here only must accommodate on a side that deviates from the firing chamber of valve disc protrude along the valve rod axial direction, with the step of exhaust cylindrical shell shape of cross section, as long as outlet valve is closed or extract to open in the scope at combustion gas and be opened, so that therefore the exhaust passage is closed or at least inflow of throttling in the exhaust passage.At this, combustion gas extract passage and are in diametrically branch in the stub area outside the step out (namely in the zone of the seat of valve of valve disc), and described stub area is covered by a side that deviates from the firing chamber of valve disc when the outlet valve of closing.Therefore when exhaust valve closure, combustion gas extract passage to be separated with the firing chamber.

Yet, stub area is preferably placed at and is contiguous in the zone on the step or at least near the excircle at step at radially outer, so that seat of valve more stretches out diametrically than branch zone, and therefore guarantee the reliable sealing of exhaust outlet of combustion chamber when exhaust valve closure, a side that deviates from the firing chamber of valve disc rests on the described seat of valve when exhaust valve closure.

Especially advantageously, structural the expending that is used for throttling arrangement is low especially in this improvement project.Only the dorsal part of valve disc must prolong slightly by step, if step sticker leans against on the excircle of exhaust cylindrical shell, and the accurate inner circumferential surface of processing the exhaust cylindrical shell so correspondingly, and it is constituted with valve rod axis align well.The entry port of recirculating line or point of branching also with respect to the point of branching of exhaust passage or entry port be arranged on the front or with side by side, combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage and directly open towards the firing chamber, and this flow at combustion gas of optimizing that angle that combustion gas extract passage is proved to be is favourable.On the other hand, in the zone of the point of branching of combustion gas extraction passage high heat load occurs at this, especially true in the thin material extension of the chamber wall between firing chamber and combustion gas extraction passage.In order to guarantee enough coolings at this, therefore in the zone of combustion gas relief opening, be arranged in the material of chamber wall, especially to be arranged on the coolant line that seat of valve and combustion gas extract in the material between the passage be favourable.

If extract that passage is widened towards the firing chamber circlewise or described combustion gas extract passage via the point of branching of opening towards the exhaust cylindrical shell circlewise from combustion gas relief opening branch out at this combustion gas, coolant line local linking at least preferably then.At this, need to be transported to combustion gas and to extract combustion gas in the passage in order to gather, the point of branching that annular is opened is favourable, for this reason point of branching preferably crowned stretch in the material of chamber wall.

Description of drawings

The below sets forth favourable form of implementation of the present invention by means of accompanying drawing.Accompanying drawing illustrates:

Fig. 1 is the schematic representation according to the internal-combustion engine of the first form of implementation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the partial sectional view of the exhaust outlet of combustion chamber of internal-combustion engine shown in Figure 1 in the outlet valve of closing;

To be outlet valve extract the view of opening when opening in the scope corresponding to Fig. 2 at combustion gas to Fig. 3;

Fig. 4 is for extracting the sketch open when opening in the scope according to the zone of the exhaust outlet of combustion chamber of another form of implementation of the present invention at outlet valve at combustion gas;

Fig. 5 is for discharging the view open when opening in the scope corresponding to Fig. 4 at outlet valve at waste gas;

Fig. 6 in the outlet valve of closing according to the schematic representation in the zone of the exhaust outlet of combustion chamber of another form of implementation of the present invention;

To be outlet valve extract the view of opening when opening in the scope corresponding to Fig. 6 at combustion gas to Fig. 7;

To be outlet valve discharge the view of opening when opening in the scope corresponding to Fig. 6 and 7 at waste gas to Fig. 8;

Fig. 9 is the schematic representation with respect to the exhaust combustion chamber port area of slightly being out of shape in the form of implementation shown in Fig. 6 to 8;

Figure 10 is the plotted curve with pressure change procedure of describing about crank angle;

Figure 11 is the plotted curve with flow cross section of describing about crank angle.

Embodiment

Main application fields of the present invention is two-stroke large diesel engine, for example is used as marine drive such as it.Basic structure and the mode of action itself that this class arranges are known.Usually the part of waste gas is sent to feedback at this, be that is to say to be recycled in the active chamber 2, to be used for reducing NO _xDischarge amount.In order to simplify control and to guarantee accurate metering, this so-called recycle gas should be pure as far as possible combustion gas, that is to say not to be by the waste gas of scavenging with gas dilution.

As seen Fig. 1 for example has the internal-combustion engine of combustion gas recirculation, and described internal-combustion engine improves according to form of implementation of the present invention.Yet the present invention is not limited to the pure structure that exemplarily illustrates in Fig. 1 of recycling device.Also can use different outlet valves and cylinder cap constructed according to the invention, as from other Fig. 2 to 9, exemplarily drawing.

In addition, the present invention also is not limited to the motor with combustion gas recirculation, is other purpose extraction combustion gas but also can be used in.Therefore when talking about below " scope is opened in recirculation " of outlet valve, although so therefore mean " combustion gas extract the scope of opening " in the internal-combustion engine with combustion gas recirculation, and explanation " recirculating line " substitutes explanation " combustion gas extraction passage " commonly used.Yet, when combustion gas should extract or extract for the purpose different from combustion gas recirculation, can use equally illustrated form of implementation of the present invention.

Draw a cylinder 1 of internal-combustion engine in Fig. 1, described internal-combustion engine can have the cylinder that a plurality of one-tenth row arrange.Each cylinder 1 comprises firing chamber 2, and described firing chamber limits by piston 3 coefficient via piston rod, crosshead and connecting rod and bent axle in the mode that is not shown specifically, that can move up and down downwards.Be provided with air inlet slot 4 in the lower area of cylinder 1, described air inlet slot is passed through and is controlled up and down by this way by piston 3.The air inlet slot 4 of each cylinder 1 is communicated with the service duct 5 that matches, and described service duct is connected to one to be run through through on the distribution piping 6 all cylinders, that can be loaded with pressurized air.Air inlet slot 4 correspondingly is used as suction port, and firing chamber 2 can load combustion air via described suction port.

In the zone of the cylinder cap that upwards limits firing chamber 2, be provided with outlet valve 9, can open and close combustion gas relief opening 20 via described outlet valve.In addition, can be provided with the fuel injection system that is not shown specifically there.

Combustion gas relief opening 20 is connected with exhaust passage 11.The exhaust passage 11 of all cylinders generally is connected to a common waste gas influx pipe 12 that is used for all cylinders.Exhaust pipe 13 is from described waste gas influx pipe, and described exhaust pipe is the turbo machine 14 supply waste gas of exhaust-gas turbocharger.Described turbo machine 14 drive compression machines 15, described compressor is used compressed scavenging in the air feed-in pressurized air distribution piping 6 with air pipe line 16 via scavenging.Can be provided with scavenging in air pipe line 16 with air-cooler 17 in scavenging.

The waste gas that leaves turbo machine 14 is discharged in the surrounding environment.For the NOx content with described waste gas remains alaply, the part of the gas that will produce in firing chamber 2 in when burning is again drawn directly or indirectly and is got back to (recirculation) in the firing chamber 2.Be provided with recirculating line 18 for this reason, described recirculating line branch and pass into the recycle gas that runs through through all cylinders 1 and compile in the chamber 19 in the zone of combustion gas relief opening 20, the described recycle gas chamber of compiling is connected on the pressurized air distribution piping 6 via the pipe section of optional processing unit 21 by recirculating line 18 again, to be used for cooling and/or cleaning and/or to filter the recycle gas that is extracted.Finally, recirculating line 18 is connected with the air inlet slot 4 that is used as the pressurized air suction port.

Based in the arranging of Fig. 1, with recycle gas mix scavenging with air or scavenging with in the gas and with it as pressurized air, that is to say indirectly, flow to firing chamber 2.For this reason, recirculating line 18 passes in the pressurized air distribution piping 6.Passing into of recirculating line 18 mouthful also can be arranged on before the cooler 17, as marking by a dotted line in Fig. 1.In this class situation, can save the own cooling unit of recycle gas.

The pressure ratio of the recycle gas in that extract from the firing chamber 2 and feed-in recirculating line 18 is higher with air pressure with the scavenging in the air pipe line 16 in scavenging, so that there is automatic flowing, and the additional unit that is used for improving at the pressure of recirculating line 18 is unnecessary.Prevent from reliably returning back in the recirculating line 18 in the situation for the instantaneous pressure peak value in pressurized air, can be for example be respectively equipped with the safety check in recirculating line 18 in pressurized air distribution piping 6 and recycle gas compile zone between the chamber 19, this safety check is opened towards firing chamber air inlet side.

In addition, for example can be respectively equipped with the safety check 23 in recirculating line 18 in recycle gas compiles zone between chamber 19 and the corresponding firing chamber 2, described safety check is opened towards firing chamber air inlet side.Therefore can guarantee simultaneously, only have when compiling pressure on 19 those sides of chamber when higher in the pressure ratio on combustion gas relief opening 20 these sides at recycle gas, combustion gas can flow through recirculating line 18, and when compiling pressure on 19 those sides of chamber when lower in the pressure ratio on combustion gas relief opening 20 these sides at recycle gas, the combustion gas that do not compiled as recycle gas there reflux.

As already mentioned, the pressure with combustion gas recirculation that extract from firing chamber 2 is higher than charge-air pressure, so that do not need the unit that adds, and for example pump or compressor.Throttling arrangement arranged according to the present invention obviously helps this.

The different deformation program of known combustion gas recirculation system, combustion-gas recirculation system shown in Figure 1 are only pure here exemplarily to be realized.For example can more than enough times the existence element comparable with the element of having mentioned, in order to guarantee parallel operation.In the shown element some can also be divided into the unit that separates in function, series connection arranges, so that desired functional can be implemented in the motor that operation discusses the time.In addition, such system can consist of the core of expanding system, described expanding system for example has other element in downstream or the upstream of turbo machine 14, in order to can further utilize the energy that is included in the waste gas or in order to clean described waste gas before waste gas finally is discharged in the surrounding environment.Also can be subject to other processing by unshowned equipment in Fig. 1 in the upstream of element such as compressor 15 or the air stream in downstream.Described air stream also can be mixed with internal substance, described internal substance is different from pure ambient air, so that same the interpolation to before being provided for that cylinder carried out the gas flow of scavenging with the combustion gas of recirculation, replaces pure scavenging to have the scavenging gas of other gaseous state, combustible or incombustible internal substance with the same existence of air.Final gaseous mixture that exist, that be provided for cylinder is carried out scavenging can have the composition range of non-constant width and be called as " pressurized air ".Self-evident, the present invention can be applied in all these class combustion-gas recirculation systems.

At this, in Fig. 2 and 3, as seen has first form of implementation of combustion gas relief opening of the throttling arrangement 10 of aforementioned type.Fig. 2 is illustrated in the firing chamber 2 under the state that separates by the outlet valve 9 of closing and exhaust passage 11.The position of opening fully of outlet valve 9 and with dashed lines marks.Therefore, outlet valve 9 is along with moving up and down by the 3 motion control times regularly of piston rod, as indicating by thick double-head arrow.

At this, outlet valve 9 has valve disc 8, and described valve disc rests on the seat of valve and therefore in closed position and seals combustion gas relief opening 20, and opens combustion gas relief opening 20 when valve 9 moves downward.At this, valve disc 8 is fixed on the valve rod 7, described valve rod is bearing in the cylinder cap again in known manner, and generally via unshowned camshaft actuated here, also can imagine other valve operating gear, especially according to so-called valve electronic control principle, and the machinery that does not have between bent axle and valve rod is coupled, the valve direct electron control gear that for example occurs recently and the valve operating gear or the analog that utilize electromagnet.

At this, be provided with the throttling projection 10 that Rotational Symmetry ground consists of at valve rod 7, or rather, on following position, at outlet valve 9(Fig. 2 that throttling projection on the described position 10 is being closed) and until be arranged in the situation of certain desired opening degree (Fig. 3) in the zone be arranged on recirculating line 18 and the downstream of the point of branching of exhaust passage 11 by flowing.In this scope between the position shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 of outlet valve 9, throttling projection 10 abuts in its excircle on the inner circumference of cylindrical sector of exhaust passage 11, and thus at least basically for closes vent passage 11 for the combustion gas that flow out the firing chamber 2, described scope is opened scope corresponding to the recirculation of outlet valve 9, described sealing is not absolute necessary forcibly, as long as realize for the important restriction effect of the present invention.

Therefore, as in Fig. 3, indicating by arrow, the combustion gas that flow out in this stage from firing chamber 2 are towards the direction deflection of recirculating line 18, also helpfully to this be, on the surface of the hyperbola on a side of firing chamber 2 of throttling projection 10 or rounding and have in the zone of the side, ring, the branch that is centered around recirculating line 18 of same rounding exhaust passage 11 around diameter widening portion 22.

Then, if outlet valve 9 from desired, limit recirculation and open the position shown in Figure 3 of opening degree of the coboundary of scope and further be moved down on its position of opening fully (with dashed lines is indicated among Fig. 2), thereby then in the zone of the point of branching of throttling projection 10 arrival recirculating lines 18 and diameter widening portion 22, and can 2 be passed combustion gas relief opening 20 effluent airs of opening fully and stream from the firing chamber there, therefore described gas can discharge by exhaust passage 11.

At this, shown form of implementation is favourable in many aspects equally.Therefore, during initial open stage, at in Fig. 2 and between the position shown in Figure 3 of outlet valve 9, namely open in the scope at recycle gas or combustion gas extraction, in firing chamber 2, exist pure or pure combustion gas almost, because in this stage, by process or also not far by process at least, this moment, described combustion gas did not also have high pressure to air inlet slot 4.Therefore, the combustion gas that flow in the recirculating line 18 have the characteristic that expectation is used for recirculation, be the pressure of air is used in scavenging with gas or scavenging overvoltage with respect to the gas that is arranged in scavenging system namely, it should mix in the combustion gas that flow in the recirculating line 18, so that safety check 23 opens in recirculating line 18, as in Fig. 3, indicating.On the other hand, combustion gas also have the low oxygen concentration of expectation, and described oxygen concentration just improves after opening air inlet slot 4 and pressurized air.

And at back to back exhaust vent in the stage, namely in the outlet valve 9 of further opening, as indicating by a dotted line in Fig. 2, piston 3 has passed through pressurized air air inlet slot 4, so that there is the gaseous mixture with disadvantageous low-pressure for recirculation in firing chamber 2.Present described gaseous mixture passes the combustion gas relief opening 20 of greatly opening and arrives in the entrance region of exhaust passage 11, and arrives there in the zone of diameter widening portion 22, so throttling projection 10 also is arranged in the zone of described diameter widening portion.Therefore, it is possible streaming described throttling projection 10, does not have obvious back pressure to be applied to from firing chamber 2 on the effluent air at this.Gas at first flows out from the firing chamber generally, because the pressure in waste gas influx pipe 12 is lower than pressurization gas pressure in principle.Therefore, gaseous mixture can not enter in the stage at exhaust vent and not open in other words safety check 23 in the recirculating line 18, but described throttling projection or throttling bodies 10 are streamed towards the direction of waste gas influx pipe 12 in the edge, and therefore cuts off with recirculation.

Figure 4 and 5 illustrate another form of implementation of the present invention, wherein use the stub area of the outlet valve 109 of remodeling slightly and

recirculating line

118a, 118b 11 the change from the exhaust passage.Yet firing chamber 2 is own with respect to can not changing in the form of implementation shown in Fig. 1 to 3, and this also is applicable to other engine components shown in Figure 1 in addition.

In this case, on valve rod 10, be provided with equally around throttling projection 110.Yet described throttling projection is set directly at the downstream of valve disc 108.Simultaneously, the point of branching of recirculating line or in the situation of this form of implementation the point of branching of

recirculating line

118a, 118b be located immediately in the immediate area of combustion gas relief opening 120.At this, combustion gas relief opening 120 consists of at the recirculation aperture position shown in Figure 4 of outlet valve 109 dorsal part and the seat of valve on chamber wall by valve disc 108, and combustion gas relief opening 120 is formed between the dorsal part and radial outside and seat of valve of throttling projection or throttling plate 110 in the exhaust vent position shown in Figure 5 of outlet valve 109.

As in the first form of implementation of the present invention, throttling projection here 110 is the zone in the downstream of the point of branching 118a, the 118b that are arranged on recirculating line by flowing of closes vent passage 11 at least as much as possible when outlet valve 109 is arranged in recirculation and opens scope also, so that opening in the scope in the recirculation of outlet valve, the combustion gas that flow out from firing chamber 2 import among recirculating line 118a, the 118b, as in Fig. 4, indicating by arrow.At this, in each recirculating line or passing in the recirculating line section of each

recirculating line

118a, 118b, can be respectively equipped with safety check, as drawing in Figure 4 and 5, described safety check is only not shown for the space reason in recirculating line 118b in Fig. 4.Now, only have when described combustion gas to have when compiling the higher pressure of the recycle gas that compiles in the container 19, safety check just allows recycle gas or combustion gas to flow into recirculation to compile in the container 19.

On the contrary, be arranged in waste gas and discharge the scope of opening if outlet valve 108 has larger opening degree or described outlet valve, so around throttling projection 110 closes vent passage 11 no longer, so that existing gas flows in the exhaust passage 11, and therefrom in the further inflow exhaust gas influx pipe 12, as in Fig. 5, indicating by arrow.Be noted that, flow into improvement at combustion gas on the meaning of recirculation side, not only can be provided with two recirculating

line

118a, 118b, and also can be provided with or rather more herein recirculating lines for distributing on the circumference of columniform exhaust passage 11.Therefore, also can be provided with around, the circumferential recess of inwall, described recirculating line 118 sends from described circumferential recess.

Fig. 6 to 8 only illustrates outlet valve 308(Fig. 6 that is closing of the present invention) situation under, in the situation of the outlet valve (Fig. 7) in the recirculation scope, opened and other form of implementation in the outlet valve (Fig. 8) of in waste gas discharge scope, opening.

In this form of implementation, throttling arrangement is made of the step 310 that the dorsal part from valve disc 308 protrudes, described step outlet valve 309 on the closed position shown in Fig. 6 until open closes vent passage 11 scope in the locational recirculation of the opening degree with expectation shown in Figure 7 of outlet valve, yet open recirculating line 318 or its circlewise around exhaust passage 11 around the 318a of branch or its circlewise around exhaust passage 11 around, be used for from the firing chamber 2 and flow out the entry port 318a of the inflow of combustion gas by combustion gas relief opening 320.On the contrary, in the waste gas discharge scope shown in Figure 8, outlet valve 307 moves in the firing chamber until so that step 310 no longer abuts in the opening on the position of scope corresponding to recirculation of cylindrical wall of exhaust passage 11, but opens described exhaust passage 11.Set forth such as the front, also can in recirculating line 318, be provided with safety check here.

Because in this form of implementation, lead on the entry port of recirculating line 318 or the relief opening 320 that point of branching 318a is set directly at firing chamber 2, material between chamber wall and recirculating line 318 or point of branching 318a is exposed in the large heat load, has at the same time very thin material extension.In order to reduce shortcoming described above, slightly retrofit in the form of implementation shown in Fig. 6 to 8 of the present invention, as shown in Figure 9.

In this case, be in the surface of combustion chamber side of recirculating line 418 and the material extension between the entry port 418a and be provided with coolant channel 24, equally 11 guiding around the exhaust passage of described coolant channel.Simultaneously, recirculation entry port 418a extend in the material compiling volume and also having the entrance region of recirculating line 418 for example further to be away from backward in ground, the firing chamber Implant of opening wide so that this wider material extension than of the present invention can be better through affected by hot loading in the form of implementation shown in Fig. 6 to 8.At this additionally, represent well-known pivoting leaf loop on the specialty at valve rod 307 usefulness marks 25, described pivoting leaf loop causes the rotational motion of valve via the gas that flows through, and the rotational motion of described valve should prevent the too early wearing and tearing of outlet valve 309 and seat of valve.

For internal-combustion engine example according to the present invention ground and pass through in that to consist of scavenging be the number of degrees of ° KW(crank angle upper dead center after OT after according to unit with the curve b of the change procedure of the freely flow cross section in the zone of the air inlet slot of gas inlet 4 in Figure 11 of piston 3 is shown qualitatively) motion that illustrates.And the change procedure of the freely flow cross section of curve a explanation in the zone of combustion gas relief opening 20.At this, the change procedure when being depicted in the outlet valve 9 of camshaft actuated with solid line, and with dashed lines is indicated electronically controlled and do not have a possible change procedure in the situation in the mechanical coupling of the outlet valve of handling between bent axle and the valve rod.

According to curve a about 115 ° of KW after OT for example, that is to say during the downward stroke in 65 ° situation above the lower dead centre, realize opening by the outlet valve 9 of camshaft control.In the outlet valve of electronically controlled and manipulation, can omit early, for example beginning and then end described opening in the situation of about 110 ° of KW after OT, so as opened fully and outlet valve move in the waste gas discharge scope before the prolonging combustion gas extraction open scope.

That is to say according to curve b about 135 ° of KW(after OT, during the downward stroke above the lower dead centre 45 °) situation under, open scavenging with gas inlet 4.Prerequisite is to be symmetrical basically by the power transmission machine that piston 3 and bent axle consist of, and at this, scavenging is closed in the situation of about 135 ° of KW before the OT in the up stroke of piston 3 again with gas inlet 6.Usually realizing in up stroke with closing a little later of asymmetricly controlling of upper dead center of outlet valve 9 is so that rush reliably the active chamber 2 of sweeping in the outlet valve 9 of opening.No longer extract combustion gas at this, therefore in the up stroke of piston, do not exist combustion gas to extract and open scope, so that the control of the outlet valve of electronically controlled and manipulation can be carried out corresponding to common outlet valve by camshaft control.

When opening outlet valve 9, the waste gas of outflow causes the pressure in exhaust passage 11 to raise.In Figure 10, relevant with piston movement in curve c, that is to say about crank angle, draw the change procedure of the pressure in the exhaust passage 11.This shows that when opening outlet valve 9, the pressure in exhaust passage 11 improves suddenly.This causes having the compression shock e that about 115 ° of KW one or more peak values, after OT begin.Compression shock e continues the relatively short time and only extends at about 20 ° of KW.Corresponding to this, compression shock e also finished before opening air inlet slot 4.Scavenging causes the final end of compression shock e in each case with opening of gas inlet 4.

Another curve d that provides in Figure 10 is depicted in the firing chamber 2 the pressure change procedure about crank angle.Because the pressure in firing chamber 2 is relatively high, adopt the scale that is different from curve c at the y coordinate that matches with pressure that is used for curve d here.And curve c and d intersect in Figure 10.Yet this is only according to different scales.When using identical scale, curve c and d are non-intersect or under any circumstance non-intersect in the zone of compression shock e.According to curve a(Figure 11), outlet valve 9 is from fully open about 115 ° of KW after the OT.Therefore, in firing chamber 2 and the pressure in exhaust passage 11 extremely about 180 ° of KW are about equally after OT from about 150 ° of KW OT after after compression shock e finishes.From about 160 ° of KW after the OT, according to curve b, scavenging is opened fully with gas inlet 4.

Corresponding to this, in firing chamber 2 and the pressure in exhaust passage 11 only smaller with gas pressure than scavenging, this sets forth by curve f in Figure 10, this curve is illustrated in the pressure in the scavenging system, and draws with the scale as curve c.In compression shock e, can clearly pick out at this, pressure in the exhaust passage has obviously surpassed the pressure f in scavenging system soon after opening outlet valve, therefore realized positive pressure difference, described positive pressure difference is used for according to the present invention combustion gas being clamp-oned combustion gas extraction channel system and further clamp-oning by suction port in the combustion gas recirculation circuit of scavenging with the Anywhere end in the gas system.Be noted that in this case, because the larger volume that directly compresses immediately after the outlet valve Effector in the downstream of outlet valve, the shape of curve c is obviously more flat in compression shock e, and when not having throttling arrangement of the present invention, only can obtain lower maximum pressure value.

Be in here obviously at mark g and confirm, the scavenging that is used for purge is higher than actual pressure in the exhaust passage and the exhaust emission system back with gas pressure f.During this stage, when the purge suction port is open towards the firing chamber, therefore be present between scavenging system and the exhaust emission system via the long-pending positive pressure difference that transmits of cylinder body, amass so that described scavenging causes scavenging to enter into cylinder body with gas by suction port, and cause combustion gas to be extruded simultaneously by the outlet valve of opening.

Shown in variant and the remodeling of form of implementation be possible, and do not leave scope of the present invention.

Therefore for example the rotating machinery of valve is not compulsory for the function of recirculation controlling device, yet can be arranged in the form of implementation shown in Fig. 1 to 7 equally.On the contrary, if lack such rotating machinery, also can have diverse geometrical shape with throttling plate, sliding sleeve or from the throttling arrangement of the form of the step of valve disc projection and the section that matches of exhaust passage so.Yet in shown form of implementation, throttling plate, sliding sleeve or construct symmetrically about any radial direction of valve axis with the same edge of the section that matches of exhaust passage from the step of valve disc projection.

Self-evident, outlet valve can be according to the present invention by one, i.e. single type ground or by many assemblings also can be with other member, and for example pivoting leaf loop 25 or other member are fixed on the described outlet valve.Importantly, outlet valve always as a whole the unit controlled and moved.Cylinder cap also can become assembly by each Components Composition, and each member can adapt to especially can realize its corresponding function and/or inner chamber, for example water cooling annular pipeline 24.In addition, in all forms of implementation, in combustion gas extraction passage or recirculating line, be provided with safety check ACTIVE CONTROL or passive.

Reference numerals list

Cylinder (1)

Firing chamber (2)

Piston (3)

Air inlet slot (4)

Service duct (5)

Distribution piping (6)

Valve rod (7,107,307)

Valve disc (8,108,308)

Outlet valve (9,109,309)

Throttling arrangement (10,110,310)

Throttling projection (10,110)

Throttling step (310)

Exhaust passage (11)

Waste gas influx pipe (12)

Exhaust pipe (13)

Turbo machine (14)

Compressor (15)

Exhaust-gas turbocharger (14,15)

Charge-air pipe (16)

Charger-air cooler (17)

Combustion gas extract passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a)

Recycle gas compiles chamber (19)

Combustion gas relief opening (20)

Recycle gas processing unit (21)

Diameter widening portion (22)

Safety check (23)

Water cooling annular pipeline (24)

Valve pivoting leaf loop (25)

Claims

1. internal-combustion engine, especially two-stroke large diesel engine, it comprises the firing chamber (2) that at least one passes through cylinder (1) and limits with the coefficient piston of bent axle (3), described firing chamber have at least one valve disc that is formed in respectively outlet valve (9,109,309) (8,108,308) and the seat of valve that matches between combustion gas relief opening (20,120,320,420) and at least one pressurized air suction port (4), described outlet valve (9,109,309) can operate between open position and closed position; And described combustion gas relief opening (20,120,320,420) and at least one exhaust passage (11) and extract passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) with at least one combustion gas and is connected, for example be used for will be when burning the part of the combustion gas of generation draw and be back to pressurized air suction port (4);

It is characterized in that, be provided with and be fixed on outlet valve (9,109,309) on or with outlet valve (9,109,309) throttling arrangement (10 of single type ground moulding, 110,310), described throttling arrangement is at outlet valve (9,109,309) from outlet valve (9,109,309) closed position until reach the combustion gas of desired opening degree extract open prevent in the scope combustion gas flow in the exhaust passages (11) or at least with at outlet valve (9,109,309) from larger opening degree until reach the waste gas of open position and discharge to open and compare the inflow in the exhaust passage of throttling combustion gas more strongly, described throttling arrangement (10 scope, 110,310) discharge at waste gas and open in the scope preferably fully not throttling or at least less inflow of throttling combustion gas in exhaust passage (11); The point of branching that described throttling arrangement (10,110,310) and described combustion gas extract the exhaust side of passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) is set to each other, opens in the scope preferably fully not throttling or at least indistinctively inflow of throttling combustion gas in the combustion gas extraction passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) so that throttling arrangement (10,110,310) extracts at combustion gas.

2. internal-combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described outlet valve (9,109,309) is controlled to be, so that outlet valve is not opened arrive certain piston position in downward stroke before, this piston position is 1 ° of minimum and the highest 40 ° crank angle that begins to open the piston position top of pressurized air suction port (4).

3. internal-combustion engine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the point of branching that described throttling arrangement and described combustion gas extract the exhaust side of passage is set to each other so that throttling arrangement waste gas discharge open prevent in the scope or at least the throttling combustion gas extract inflow in the passage to combustion gas; And/or in combustion gas extract passage, be provided with safety check, described safety check waste gas discharge open prevent in the scope or at least the throttling combustion gas extract inflow in the passage to combustion gas.

4. such as one of above-mentioned claim described internal-combustion engine, it is characterized in that, described throttling arrangement (10,110) have from the valve rod (7 of outlet valve (9), 107) radially protrude, preferably around throttling projection (10,110), described throttling projection (10,110) be arranged on valve rod (7,107) in the zone, this zone is at outlet valve (9,109) extract to open at combustion gas and be positioned at being arranged on combustion gas by flowing and extracting passage (18 of exhaust passage (11) when opening in the scope, 118a, the downstream of the point of branching of exhaust side 118b), construct in this zone cylindrically preferred exhaust passage.

5. internal-combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described combustion gas extract passages (18) and combustion gas relief opening (20) interval and turn up the soil in exhaust passage (11) branch out, described throttling projection (10) is arranged in the zone of valve rod (7), discharge on the height of the point of branching of opening the combustion gas extraction passages (18) that approximately are arranged in exhaust passage (11) when opening in the scope at waste gas at outlet valve (9) in this zone, and described exhaust passage (11) have the particularly diameter widening portion of ring in combustion gas extract the zone of point of branching of passages (18), open throttling projection (10) when opening in the scope and preferably or with extracting to open at combustion gas at outlet valve (9) do not compare the inflow in exhaust passage (11) of throttling combustion gas at least less when opening in the scope fully so that discharge at waste gas at outlet valve (9).

6. internal-combustion engine as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described throttling projection (110) is arranged in the zone of valve rod (107), this zone is discharged to open at waste gas at outlet valve (109) and is arranged in firing chamber (2) when opening in the scope, and the point of branching of combustion gas extraction passages (118a, 118b) is preferably placed on the seat of valve or is arranged in the zone of direct next-door neighbour's seat of valve of outlet valve (11).

7. such as claim 4,5 or 6 described internal-combustion engines, it is characterized in that, the diameter of described valve rod (7,107) in the zone of throttling projection (10,110) at least throttling projection (10,110) on a side of valve disc (8,108) with the radially outer size of the maximum that is transitioned into agley throttling projection (10,110), preferred throttling projection (10,110) is rounding at its radially outward edge.

8. such as the described internal-combustion engine of one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described exhaust passage has the exhaust cylindrical shell in the downstream that is arranged on the combustion gas relief opening by flowing, excircle top set at the exhaust cylindrical shell goes out at least one gas exhaust piping and at least one combustion gas extraction passage, the point of branching of described gas exhaust piping is arranged on the downstream that combustion gas extract the point of branching of passage, and described throttling arrangement has to endwisely slip and is contained in movably slider in the exhaust cylindrical shell, described slider and outlet valve are permanently connected, open the point of branching that hides at least in part gas exhaust piping when opening in the scope so that slider extracts at combustion gas at outlet valve, and preferably discharge at waste gas at outlet valve and open the point of branching that hides at least in part combustion gas extraction passage when opening in the scope.

9. internal-combustion engine as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described slider is configured to columniform sliding sleeve, described sliding sleeve for example is connected with the valve rod of preferred revolvable outlet valve via a plurality of radial supporters, described exhaust cylindrical shell is columniform equally, and point of branching and/or gas exhaust piping that preferred gas exhaust piping is provided with on a plurality of circumference that are distributed in the exhaust cylindrical shell are provided with a point of branching that opens wide towards the exhaust cylindrical shell circlewise.

10. such as the described internal-combustion engine of one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, described exhaust passage (11) has the downstream be arranged on combustion gas relief opening (420) by flowing, the exhaust cylindrical shell of pref. cylindrical, and described throttling arrangement (310) has preferably along the axial direction of valve rod (307) or protrudes with axial direction component ground at least in the side that deviates from firing chamber (2) of valve disc (308), step (310) with exhaust cylindrical shell shape of cross section, described step extracts at combustion gas at outlet valve (309) and opens when opening in the scope so that exhaust cylindrical shell sealing or narrow down at least, described combustion gas extract passage (318,318a, 418,418a) branch is out in the stub area that is in step (310) radially outer, described stub area is covered by a side that deviates from firing chamber (2) of valve disc (308) when closing at outlet valve (309), described valve disc more stretches out diametrically than branch zone, so that combustion gas extract passage (318,318a, 418,418a) separate with firing chamber (2), described stub area is preferably placed in the zone that directly upwards outwards is close to step (310) or at least near the excircle of step (310), and seat of valve more stretches out diametrically than branch zone, outlet valve (309) when closing a side that deviates from firing chamber (2) of valve disc (308) rest on the seat of valve.

11. such as one of above-mentioned claim described internal-combustion engine, it is characterized in that, described combustion gas extract passage (18,318,318a, 418,418a) and in combustion gas exhaust ports branch out, stretch in the material via a point of branching of opening towards the exhaust cylindrical shell circlewise (22,318a, 418a) the preferred crowned of this point of branching; And/or combustion gas extraction passages (118a, 118b) are provided with a plurality of point of branching that distribute at the circumference of exhaust cylindrical shell (118a, 118b).

12. as the described internal-combustion engine of one of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, in the zone of combustion gas relief opening (420), be provided with in the material of chamber wall, the coolant line of local linking (24) at least in the material at seat of valve rear especially.

13. outlet valve (9,109,309), be used for opening and to seal internal-combustion engine, especially two-stroke large diesel engine, especially as the internal-combustion engine of one of above-mentioned claim pass through cylinder (1) and with the combustion gas relief opening (20 of the firing chamber (2) of the coefficient piston of bent axle (3) restriction, 120,320,420), described outlet valve (9,109,309) comprise valve rod (7,107,307) and be connected to valve disc (8 on the valve rod, 108,308), described outlet valve can be handled between open position and closed position via valve rod, described valve disc consists of combustion gas relief opening (20 with the seat of valve that matches, 120,320,420)

It is characterized in that, be provided with and be fixed on outlet valve (9,109,309) on or with outlet valve (9,109,309) throttling arrangement (10 of single type ground structure, 110,310), described throttling arrangement is suitable at outlet valve (9,109,309) from outlet valve (9,109,309) closed position until the combustion gas of desired opening degree extract open prevent in the scope or with at outlet valve (9,109,309) compare the inflow in exhaust passage (11) of throttling combustion gas at least more strongly the scope from larger opening degree until the waste gas of open position discharges to open, discharge at waste gas and open throttling arrangement (10 in the scope, 110,310) preferably fully not throttling or at least less inflow of throttling combustion gas in the exhaust passage (11).

14. outlet valve (9 as claimed in claim 13,109), it is characterized in that, described throttling arrangement (10,110) have from the valve rod (7 of outlet valve (9), 107) radially protrude, with valve disc (8,108) isolated, and preferably around throttling projection (10,110), valve rod (7,107) in throttling projection (10,110) diameter in the zone is at least in throttling projection (10,110) towards valve disc (8,108) on the side with being transitioned into agley throttling projection (10, the radially outer size of maximum 110), and preferred throttling projection (10,110) be rounding at its radially outward edge.

15. outlet valve as claimed in claim 13 (309), it is characterized in that, described throttling arrangement (310) has preferably along the axial direction of valve rod (307) or the step (310) that protrudes with axial direction component ground at least in the side that deviates from firing chamber (2) of valve disc (308), and outlet valve (309) when closing with the zone of radial outward next-door neighbour's step (310) of valve disc (308) in the side that deviates from firing chamber (2) of valve disc (308) by putting.

16. outlet valve as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, described throttling arrangement have in the exhaust cylindrical shell can move axially ground, especially can on the inner circumference of exhaust cylindrical shell, hold slidingly and movingly and isolated with valve disc, especially with the slider of cylindrical shroud cartridge form, described slider is connected with the valve rod of outlet valve via a plurality of radial supporters.

17. such as the described outlet valve of one of claim 13 to 16, it is characterized in that, on valve rod (307), also be provided with valve pivoting leaf loop (25).

18. such as outlet valve as described in one of claim 13 to 17, it is characterized in that, in the stub area that deviates from the firing chamber of valve rod, be provided with the identification marking that can contactlessly read, described identification marking have at least one with until arrive and to extract the scope of opening and waste gas at combustion gas and discharge the corresponding axial stretched dimensions of the Valve travel of opening the crossover position between the scope, preferred identification marking is extended at the whole circumference of valve rod.

19. be used for the cylinder cap of internal-combustion engine, described internal-combustion engine is especially such as the described internal-combustion engine of one of claim 1 to 12, in particular for two-stroke large diesel engine, described internal-combustion engine has at least one firing chamber (2) of passing through cylinder (1) and limiting with the coefficient piston of bent axle (3), have for outlet valve (9 at cylinder cap, 109,309) valve disc (8,108,308) seat of valve, described outlet valve opens and closes the combustion gas relief opening (20 on cylinder cap, 120,320,420), described combustion gas relief opening (20,120,320,420) extract passage (18 with at least one exhaust passage (11) and at least one combustion gas, 118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) connect, for example draw for the part of the combustion gas that will when burning, produce and get back to pressurized air suction port (4)

It is characterized in that, be provided with such as the described outlet valve (9 of one of claim 13 to 18,109,309), described throttling arrangement (10,110,310) and described combustion gas extract passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418, the point of branching of exhaust side 418a) is set to each other, so that throttling arrangement (10,110,310) combustion gas extract open in the scope preferably fully not throttling or at least indistinctively the throttling combustion gas to combustion gas extraction passage (18,118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418, inflow 418a) also preferably is provided with the fetch equipment for the contactless work of identification marking.

20. for the manufacture of two-stroke large diesel engine, especially such as the method for the described two-stroke large diesel engine of one of claim 1 to 12, described diesel engine has at least one firing chamber (2) of passing through cylinder (1) and limiting with the coefficient piston of bent axle (3), described firing chamber has at least one and is formed in respectively outlet valve (9,109,309) valve disc (8,108,308) and the combustion gas relief opening (20 between the seat of valve that matches, 120,320,420) and at least one pressurized air suction port (4), it is characterized in that, install such as the described outlet valve (9 of one of claim 13 to 18,109,309).

21. for the manufacture of two-stroke large diesel engine, especially such as the method for the described two-stroke large diesel engine of one of claim 1 to 12, described diesel engine has at least one firing chamber (2) of passing through cylinder (1) and limiting with the coefficient piston of bent axle (3), described firing chamber has at least one and is formed in respectively outlet valve (9,109,309) valve disc (8,108,308) and the combustion gas relief opening (20 between the seat of valve that matches, 120,320,420) and at least one pressurized air suction port (4), it is characterized in that, cylinder cap as claimed in claim 19 is installed.

22. such as claim 20 or 21 described methods, it is characterized in that described two-stroke large diesel engine is made first.

23., it is characterized in that described two-stroke large diesel engine keeps in addition and can turn round at this such as claim 20 or 21 described methods.

24. method as claimed in claim 23, it is characterized in that, outlet valve (9,109,309) replaces other traditional outlet valve as described in described such as one of claim 13 to 18 by installation, perhaps replace other traditional cylinder cap by cylinder cap as claimed in claim 19 is installed, be adapted as such as the described two-stroke large diesel engine of one of claim 1 to 12 so that will not have traditional two-stroke large diesel engine of feature of the characteristic of one of claim 1 to 12.

25. as the described internal-combustion engine of one of claim 1 to 12 in being used in structure waterborne, the especially application in the ship, the work legal permission of described structure is relevant with the work legal permission of internal-combustion engine.

26. be used for internal-combustion engine at work, especially two-stroke large diesel engine, especially as extracting the method for combustion gas on the described internal-combustion engine of one of claim 1 to 12, described diesel engine has at least one firing chamber (2) of passing through cylinder (1) and limiting with the coefficient piston of bent axle (3), described firing chamber has at least one and is formed in respectively outlet valve (9,109,309) valve disc (8,108,308) and the combustion gas relief opening (20 between the seat of valve that matches, 120,320,420) and at least one pressurized air suction port (4), described outlet valve (9,109,309) between open position and closed position, handled, and described combustion gas relief opening (20,120,320,420) extract passage (18 with at least one exhaust passage (11) and with at least one combustion gas, 118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418,418a) connect, for example draw for the part of the combustion gas that will when burning, produce and get back to pressurized air suction port (4)

It is characterized in that, at outlet valve (9,109,309) from outlet valve (9,109,309) closed position is until reach the combustion gas of desired opening degree and extract and open in the scope, via being fixed on outlet valve (9,109,309) upper or with outlet valve (9,109,309) throttling arrangement (10 of single type ground moulding, 110,310) prevent or with at outlet valve (9,109,309) from larger opening degree until reach the waste gas of open position and discharge to open and compare the inflow in exhaust passage (11) of throttling combustion gas at least more strongly the scope, and discharge at waste gas and to open in the scope by throttling arrangement (10,110,310) preferably fully not throttling or at least indistinctively the throttling combustion gas extract passage (18 to combustion gas, 118a, 118b, 318,318a, 418, inflow 418a).

27. method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that, discharge at waste gas and to open in the scope, via throttling arrangement and/or be arranged on combustion gas extract in the passage can be prevented by ACTIVE CONTROL or passive safety check or at least the throttling combustion gas extract inflow in the passage to combustion gas.

28. such as claim 26 or 27 described methods, it is characterized in that, in the outlet valve of electronic control, replenish the control time of regulating throttling arrangement constantly.

29. such as claim 26 or 27 described methods, it is characterized in that, in the outlet valve by camshaft control, via the combustion gas flow that can be controlled by the safety check of ACTIVE CONTROL extraction that extracts at combustion gas in the passage.