CN1033603A - 粘合有金属拉手的金属罐端部 - Google Patents

粘合有金属拉手的金属罐端部 Download PDF

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CN1033603A
CN1033603A CN88107020A CN88107020A CN1033603A CN 1033603 A CN1033603 A CN 1033603A CN 88107020 A CN88107020 A CN 88107020A CN 88107020 A CN88107020 A CN 88107020A CN 1033603 A CN1033603 A CN 1033603A
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jar
coating
handle
upside
jar end
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彼得·约翰·海伊
罗伯特·安托尼·欧文
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Crown Packaging UK Ltd
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Metal Box PLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/38—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures
    • B21D51/383—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures scoring lines, tear strips or pulling tabs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/38—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures
    • B21D51/44—Making closures, e.g. caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
    • B65D17/28—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness
    • B65D17/401—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness characterised by having the line of weakness provided in an end wall
    • B65D17/4012—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness characterised by having the line of weakness provided in an end wall for opening partially by means of a tearing tab
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73771—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous
    • B29C66/73772—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being amorphous
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    • B29L2031/565—Stoppers or lids for bottles, jars, or the like, e.g. closures for containers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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Abstract

一种金属罐部，它具有一接附到一划线界定的属 于此罐端的可分离部之金属拉手，在此罐端上侧与拉 手柄部下侧分设有直接焊合到一起的防护性聚合物 涂层，至少是这些涂层的表面都是由相同的单体衍生 出的。这样的涂层可以是这样的复合膜，各包括一粘 合性树脂的内层和一聚烯烃、聚酰胺或聚酯的外层。 这里的焊接可以通过热能而最好是超声波能来实 现。

Description

本发明涉及粘合有金属拉手的金属罐端部，更具体地说，涉及到这样一种罐的端部，它上面设有界定出罐端一区域的划线，此区域可通过沿此划线撕开而分离并形成一孔;同时还设有一金属拉手，此拉手则有一个接附到前述区域上侧的柄部。
常规的“易开”罐端部有一金属拉手，它由划线界定之区域内的金属所形成的铆钉固定。应用铆钉时，罐的端部需用较软的可成形的金属，因而此罐端必然要有相当的厚度以抵抗内压或真空，而此铆钉则由于在其形成过程中损害了金属上的防护涂层而易侵蚀。在0078625A1号公开的欧洲专利申请82305528·0号中，已提出不用铆钉而用一种粘合剂将拉手固定到划线界定出的区域上。为了获得合适的粘合与防护性，我们认为，这就要求采用专门的外用漆，随之带来了增大成本的缺点，而且这种粘合剂还必须精确地定位与计量，因而粘合起来相当地慢，这样又增加了处理时间。
根据本发明，在金属罐端部设置了一条界定出罐端一区域的划线，通过沿此划线撕开，可使该区域分离而形成一孔;同时还设置了带有一接附到所说区域上侧的柄部之金属拉手，此罐端上侧有防护用聚合物涂层。而拉手柄部下侧也有聚合物涂层，至少是在该柄部的上述涂层之表面，所用的单体是与至少是罐头上侧涂层表面上聚合物中的相同，而这两个表面侧是直接焊合的。
通过对直接焊合的罐端与拉手二者上应用涂层，就能避免使用粘合剂时带来的缺点，同时能获得良好的粘接性与防护性，而且能使成形罐端的加工时间保持到相当地短。此外，不用铆接方式的结果，便可在罐端应用较薄而较硬的钢，这样就节省了金属费用。拉手上的涂层可以热焊接到罐端的涂层上，或用超声方法焊接到后者之上。应用超声焊接能在焊接时除了焊合中涉及的涂层部分之外，是不用加热金属或任何其它涂层部分的，从而就避免了使焊合处的邻近部分冒任何受到加热影响的风险，例如使聚丙烯或聚酯重结晶，或使与焊合处相邻的涂层在焊合过程软化，而这样的涂层当软化时与之接触会损害它的。同时也不必要有供冷却用的处理时间或为冷却此受热影的区域提供附加的设备。
最好使罐端的上下侧都具有同时涂敷上去的防护性聚合物涂层，此时例如可以采用本发明人等在共同未决英国专利申请8724237号中所描述的方法。
在本发明的一个实施例中，罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧二者的涂层都有一种聚酰胺的外层。这种情形下的上述涂层最好都取如下的一种复合膜形式，包括含羧基或酸酐官能团之酸改性聚烯烃树脂之粘合性树脂的内层，以及粘合在上述粘合性树脂内层上的一种聚酰胺外层。较好的一种粘合性树脂是一种马来酸酐接枝改性的聚丙烯，其中含0.05至0.5的马来酸酐，以无规则的乙烯/丙烯共聚物为基本材料。
在另一实施例中，罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧的涂层都是聚烯烃或者都具有聚烯烃的外层。这种情形下的涂层最好都是如下的一种复合膜，它包括含有羧基或酸酐官能团之酸改性聚烯烃的一种粘合性树脂内层，和粘附在此粘合性树脂内层上的聚烯烃外层。
在又另一个实施例中，罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧的涂层都有聚酯的外层。这种情形下的涂层最好都是下述形式的一种复合膜，它所包括的内层是一种软化点低于150℃而熔点在150℃至240℃之间的基本上为非结晶的线型聚酯，而它包括的外层则是熔点在220℃以上的线型聚酯，例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
以上涉及的复合膜，它们的进一步细节则包括在本发明人等的英国专利申请8724237号中。
本发明还涉及用来形成这样一种金属罐端的方法，此罐端上面设有界定出一区域的划线，沿此划线撕开后可使该区域分离而形成一孔;还设有一带有接附到该区域上侧之柄部的一金属拉手，其中的罐端是由上侧设有防护性聚合物涂层的金属坯料形成，而在拉手柄部下侧也采用了一种聚合物涂层，至少是在此涂层的表面部分上，所根据的单体是与罐端上侧涂层至少是表面部分上所用聚合物中的相同，此拉手柄部下侧涂层上的表面然后就直接焊合到罐端上侧聚合物涂层的表面。
在对这两种涂层进行热焊接时，在加压下可使手柄与罐端相合后保持准齐，同时给柄部供热促使两涂层熔合。可以从作用在柄部上侧的电加热设备来供热。另外，也可通过感应加热供热。
当采用超声焊接来熔合涂层时，可以在拉手柄部上侧采用一种振动式喇叭，同时将罐端支持在一砧子上来实现超声焊接。有效的频率级为20000周/秒，可采用铝质的最好是钛质的喇叭。
当罐端上侧与拉手下侧的涂层都为带有聚烯烃外层的复合膜时，此外层B2中的聚烯烃最好是聚丙烯或乙烯-丙烯的共聚物。此外层B2则最好含有粒度为0.5至5微米的例如合成石英的一种无机的抗粘剂。
复合膜B中的粘合性树脂层B1可用上述的一种含羧基或酸酐官能团的酸改性之聚烯烃树脂。用来制备这种酸改性聚合物的典型的酸是带烯键的不饱和的羧酸，例如丙烯酸、异丁烯酸、马来酸、富马酸、巴豆酸与衣康酸等。用于此同一目的之酸酐则一般为带烯键的不饱和的羧酸酐类，例如马来酸酐。
酸基可以存在于乙烯的共聚物中，例如：乙烯/丙烯酸（EAA）或乙烯/异丁烯酸（EMAA）。一般，此种酸的浓度为5至15%。
这种酸改性的聚合物之酸改性，例如可以通过将马来酸酐接枝到聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯之类的聚烯烃或乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物上而取得。上述接枝可以通过下述方法引入，例如使马来酸酐在一种有机溶剂并用二苯酰化过氧或二枯基过氧化合物之类的自由基催化剂之溶液中，与聚烯烃起反应来实现。另一方面，通过采用γ射线或χ射线等的高能辐射可在聚合物中引入活性中心，然后将所得的材料与酸酐反应。
酸酐接枝改性的聚烯烃能够用更多未改性的聚烯烃稀释，以产生一种粘合性树脂，它的接枝的酸含量（即接枝水平），按200℃下预干燥的树脂于1790厘米-1处经红外吸收的测定值。最好是0.02至0.6%，而更好是0.2±0.05%，以将酸官能度转变为酸酐官能度。此稀释用的未改性之聚烯烃能够是已用来产生酸改性的聚烯烃的同一种聚烯烃，或可以是一种不同的聚烯烃。例如，一种酸改性的低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）或线型的低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE），能用聚丙烯稀释;或者，一种酸改性的聚丙烯，能够用一种聚丙烯或一种乙烯-丙烯的无规共聚物稀释。
粘合性树脂的内层B1是用来将聚烯烃的外层B2结合到金属表面上。当聚烯烃外层B2是一种聚丙烯均聚物或一种乙烯-丙烯共聚物时，此内部结合层B1的粘合性树脂的基础物质最好是一种聚丙烯或一种乙烯-丙烯的无规聚合物。
对于以聚丙烯为基础物质的粘合性树脂层，这种树脂的熔体流动指数，按ASTM（美国材料试验标准）试验号D1238中的方法，于230℃下的测量值最好为3至30克/10分。
特别理想的粘合性树脂层是以无规则的乙烯-丙烯共聚物，或线型低密度的聚丙烯（LLDPE）混以聚丙烯为基础物质。
特别理想的酸改性的烯烃聚合物则是马来酸酐改性的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯。
粘合性树脂层B1最好是连续的有着从1至10微米的厚度，而外层B2的厚度最好从10至30微米。
当罐端上侧与拉手下侧二者上的涂层都为具有聚酰胺外层的复合膜时，各个这样的复合膜B最好包括依照下列利序的一批膜层：
（B1）粘合性树脂的内层，此种树脂为含有羧基或酸酐官能团的酸改性聚烃树脂;
（B2）一种聚烯烃层;
（B3）按照B1层所规定的另一粘合性树脂层;
（B4）一种聚酰胺层。
在本发明之层压金属片中的聚酰胺层B4最好是尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙11或尼龙12。
B2层中的聚烯烃最好是聚丙烯或聚乙烯，或一种乙烯-丙烯的共聚物。如有需要，则也可用聚甲基戊烯之类的其它聚烯烃。
B1与B2各层中的粘合性树脂是一种如上所述的含羟基或酸酐官能团的酸改性聚烯烃树脂。
粘合性树脂的内层B1是用来将聚烯烃层B2结合到金属表面上。当此聚烯烃层B2是聚乙烯，则内部结合层B1的粘合性树脂基底最好是一种聚乙烯或一种乙烯的聚合物。当此聚烯烃层B2是一种聚丙烯的均聚物或一种乙烯-丙烯的共聚物，则内部结合层B1的粘合性树脂基底最好是一种聚丙烯或一种乙烯-丙烯的无规则共聚物。
粘合性树脂B3是用来将外部聚酰胺层B4结合到聚烯烃层B2上;粘合性树脂层B3则最好以聚乙烯或聚丙烯为基础物质。更为理想的是，膜B中的聚烯烃类乃是以丙烯为基础物质的。
对于以聚丙烯为基础物质的粘合性树脂层，此粘合性树脂的熔体流动指数，按ASTM试验号C1238所定方法的测量值，最好为30克/10分。
特别理想的粘合性树脂层是基于无规则的乙烯-丙烯共聚物，或低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）与聚丙烯的混合物，或线型低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）与聚丙烯的混合物。
特别理想的酸改性的烯烃共聚物则是马来酸酐改性的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯。
复合的聚合物膜B中的粘合性树脂层B1最好是连续的，且具有从1至10微米，更好是从2至5微米的厚度。
复合的聚合物膜B中的粘合性树脂层B3最好是连续的，且具有从1至10微米，而更好是从2至5微米的厚度。
如有需要，特别是在罐端上侧的涂层中，从B1至B4的任何一层都可按常规方式，例如以二氧化钛着色，颜色最好是配置在层B2中中或层B2与层B4中。外部的聚酰胺层B4则最好含有粒度从0.5至5微米的合成石英之类的无机防粘剂。
下面将以举例方式对照附图来更详细地描述本发明之具体实施例，附图中：
图1是依据本发明第一实施例的，从带有拉手之罐端上方切开的透视图;
图2是在图1中Ⅱ-Ⅱ线上的部分横剖面图;
图3是在图1中Ⅲ-Ⅲ线上经放大的部分横剖面图;
图4是一个罐端之第二实施例的平面图，此罐端上粘合有一拉手以提供“全开式”的孔口;
图5是图4中线Ⅴ-Ⅴ上放大的局部剖面图;
图6是与图5类似的一种图，但表明的是在开口初始阶段的罐端;
图7是适用于由倾注来进行分配之罐端的第三个实施例;
图8是图7之罐端的侧视剖面图;
图9是图7与8中之罐端在开口初始阶段放大的局部剖面图;
图10是划线的另一种形式之碎片图。
如图1所示，金属罐端10有一居中板11，后者上面有一外扩的隆起边部12和一弯曲的周边13，用来对罐的侧壁（未示出）进行二垂卷边。居中板11上加工出一划线14，它围绕着一个大致呈梯形的区域15，而区域15中最接近板11中心的部分则形成有如图2中所示的向上突起部22。包括一拉环门与带一中央拱肋23之柄部18的金属拉手16，则接附到此区域15上，如后所述，它能使此区域15从该罐端撕去而形成一孔。拱肋23配合在突起部22的上方，以使拉手16定位于罐端上。
罐端10是由一块金属片形成，例如0.33毫米厚的铝合金片或0.3毫米厚电解镀铬的钢片。此金属片已在同时层压上聚烯烃材料的膜B，而于此罐端上侧形成一涂层19，且有不同的聚合物材料的膜A在罐端的下侧形成一涂层20。拉手16也是由各侧上有不同聚合物涂层的金属片形成，构成拉手16下侧特别是柄部18下侧的这一侧，设置有聚烯烃材料的涂层21，可以直接焊合到罐端上侧涂层19之上。涂层19可以是一种复合膜B，包括：由含羧基或酸酐官能团之酸改性聚烯烃树脂的一种粘合性树脂内层B1，以及粘接到所说粘合性内层上的聚烯烃外层B2。
在成形罐端10的过程中，将拉手16与罐端10配合在一起，并于压力下保持准直，同时给拉手柄部18供热来实现涂层21与19的熔合。而这样地使拉手16牢靠焊合到罐端的区域15。可通过将电加热设备应用到手柄18的上侧或通过感应加热来供热，也可通过超声焊接来实现涂层21与19的直接焊合，此时将罐端10支承于砧子上而以振动方式喇叭作用到柄部18的上侧。
在图4至图6中，罐端中包括一拉手30，后者的下侧焊接到罐端33中划线32所界定出的一块圆形的可除去的板31上，当取去板31后便给出了一种“全开式”的孔。
罐端32是由上侧粘合有聚丙烯膜构成涂层的电镀铬钢（ECCS-有时也简写为TFS）板之层压件，经冲切与拉拔形成。此种聚丙烯膜最好是复合膜。包括通常厚3微米的含羧基或酸酐官能团之酸改性的粘合性树脂层和约30微米厚的聚丙烯层。此ECCS板最好约0.2毫米厚。
居中板31包括一外环35，中间环36和一中心板37，依序由一曲折部分接合，使整个可除去板31能挠曲，以运应由这种罐端封盖的实罐接受应用到食品上的那种热处理时所引起的压力变化。
从图5中可以清楚地看到一相当夹带平整的平台38，它从外环35、中环36与部分中心板37的平面处隆起，以提供接受拉手30的表面。
拉手30是由下侧有聚丙烯膜39的铝片、锡铁片或ECCS片的层压件冲切而成，使之具有一环部40、桥部41和一对侧部42，后者从环部40延伸出，经过桥部41而会合于顶部43。易弯曲带部44将此顶部连至柄部或粘接舌部45，后者图示成圆形，但可取能给出适当粘合区的任何方便形状。此平台上的隆起止挡部46，如图455所示，突起于桥部41和粘接舌部45间的缺口中，使得当拉手30置放于平台38上，止挡件46能阻止拉手转动而确保顶部43有效地邻接划线22。
从图5中可以清楚地看到，拉手30的聚丙烯膜39与覆盖着如图中示明支承在砧子47上之平台38的聚丙烯膜34相接触。以虚线表明的焊接设备48即将起动以使拉手30的聚丙烯膜39焊合到平台38的聚丙烯膜34上，而牢靠地将拉手30固定到罐端33上。焊接用的合适方法包括超声焊焊接成用一加热的棒使热通过拉手的金属传导给聚丙烯膜。在超声焊接中，焊接用喇叭可用铝质的或最好用钛质的。为了形成结实的焊合部，有效的频率级为20000周/秒。
应使拉环40受到支承以免冒任何偶然性打开的风险，为此可以设置从居中板31延伸出来支承拉环的一对止挡件49来达到这一目的。这对止挡件是从居中板31延伸出而支承着拉环的终端。
在图6中，拉环40业已提拉起，使易弯的带44屈服，给顶部43起到一种铰接部的作用，以穿透和裂开划线32。应注意到，粘接盖舌45与平台38间的接合处由于上面所承载的力主要为张力而保留不受干扰，因而通过弯曲带44的折叠而可使任何剥落的形式都减到了最少限度。一旦拉环提到已使划线32开始撕裂。拉环的提拉作用就将继续使绕此划线的周遭裂开而取得全开式的孔。
当不得不为最初时的破裂而加力时，则可在划线之内侧设一拱珠50（只在图1中以虚线示出），使得在提起拉手30时，该划线32开始时能在较大的长度上裂开。优点是，在继后提拉拉手30时，而接近于沿着划线的撕开方向准齐。
图7示意性地表明了，适用来封盖装有啤酒或其它饮料且具有类似图1至3中那种有较小孔之罐的罐端60。这种罐端60包括一粘接到此罐端可开口部62的拉手61。
此罐端60是由如前的ECCS和聚丙烯膜的层压件经冲切而成，使之具有一在上表面上有聚丙烯膜层64的居中板63。
居中板63中的划线65界定出一大致呈梯形的可开部62。
拉手61也是由ECCS与聚丙烯膜的层压件冲切而成，包括一拉环66和由一对横杆68连到此拉环66上的顶部67，而这对横杆68则在搭接居中板63的不可打开部的一个位置接合拉环66。
易弯曲带66将顶部67连至一细长的柄部或粘接的盖舌70。后者的下侧面有一层聚丙烯的膜71，且通过将此粘接盖舌70的聚丙烯膜焊合到罐端的可开部62的聚丙烯膜上而连接到可开部62上（图8中最清楚地表明了这点）。感应加热、传导加热或超声焊接等方法都可用来将此舌盖70焊合到罐端60的可开部62之上。
从图7中可以看到，顶部67的周遭围成与划线65的曲率一致的弯曲边缘，这样就能在起始提拉拉环66时控制需让划线撕裂到多大程度。图9表明了顶部67的起始破裂位置，从这里可以看到可弯曲带69已起到一铰接部的作用，而在盖舌70粘接到可开部上时的主要负荷力则为张力。
需要时，可将一空心珠模压到粘接的盖舌之中（如图9中72处点划线所示），同时将一相配合的空心凸缘（未示明）模压于罐端的可开部62中。此凸缘与空心珠间的接合自然纯粹是剪切的负荷方式，而这也是使焊合部处于受力状态下时能减少任何剥落型式风险的最佳方式。
某些饮料的包装设备乐意用中央通孔（初始孔）的罐头端部，这在本发明的范围内可将图7中的拉环66借顶部67而安装于罐端的中央人。但是，许多顾主喜欢喝尽罐中的饮料，而通过图7中的装置就可以做到这点。在图11所示的另一种变型中，划线80是有终结于咬封卷曲部之“开口端”形式的。
虽然本发明是就聚丙烯与ECCS之层压件所做的罐端与拉手进行描述的，但有需要时，可代之以铝片或锡铁片。至于聚丙烯，认为有必要时也可代之以尼龙或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET），但在拉手与罐端上的聚合物膜则应有共同的单体源以确保有效的熔融焊接。

Claims (22)

1、一种金属罐的端部，在此罐端上设有一界定出其中一区域的划线，沿着这条划线撕裂可使该区域分离而形成一孔，此罐端上还设置一具有接附到此区域上侧之柄部的金属拉手，其中，此罐端的上侧设有防护性的聚合物涂层，而拉手柄部下侧也有聚合物涂层，特征在于：至少是在此柄部涂层的表面，它所采用的单体是与罐端上侧的至少是涂层表面上聚合物中的单体相同，而且这两表面是直接相互焊合的。
2、如权利要求1所述的罐端，特征在于：此罐端的上下层都有同时涂敷上的防护性聚合物涂层。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的罐端，特征在于：罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧二者上的涂层都有一聚酰胺的外层。
4、如权利要求3所述的罐端，特征在于：罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧二者的涂层都是这样的复合膜，包括含羧基或酸酐官能团之酸改性聚烯烃树脂的一种粘合性树脂内层，以及粘附于此粘合性树脂内层上的聚酰胺外层。
5、如权利要求1或2所述的罐端，此罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧二者上的涂层都是聚烯烃的或是有聚烯烃的外侧。
6、如权利要求5所述的罐端，特征在于：罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧二者上的涂层都是这样的复合膜，包括含羧基或酸酐官能团之酸改性聚烯烃树脂的一种粘合性树脂内层，以及粘附于此粘合性树脂内层上的聚烯烃外层。
7、如权利要求1或2所述的罐端，特征在于：此罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧二者上的涂层都有聚酯的外层。
8、如权利要求7所述的罐端，特征在于：此罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧二者上的涂层都是这样的复合膜，包括软化点低于150℃而熔点在150℃与240℃之间的基本上非结晶的线型聚酯内层，以及熔点高于220℃的线型聚酯外层。
9、如权利要求8所述的罐端，特征在于：此熔点高于220℃的线性聚酯乃是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
10、如上述任一项权利要求所述的罐端，特征在于：拉手上的涂层已焊合到罐端的涂层上。
11、如上述任一项权利要求所述的罐端，特征在于：拉手上的涂层已用超声方法焊合到罐端的涂层上。
12、如上述任一项权利要求所述的罐端，特征在于：拉手柄部上有中央凸缘配合到罐端上一突起部，以使拉手定位于其上。
13、一种金属罐的端部，在此罐端上设有一界定出其中一区域的划线，沿着这条划线撕裂可使该区域分离而形成一孔，此罐端上还设置一具有接附到此区域上侧之柄部的金属拉手，特征在于：此罐端上侧与拉手柄部下侧分别设有相互直接焊合在一起的防护性聚合物涂层，这些涂层乃是选自聚丙烯、聚酰胺与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯这一组中的聚合物，各涂层都是这样的复合膜，包括上述聚合物的外层和粘附到金属上的粘合性树脂内层，此种粘合性树脂当所述聚合物为聚丙烯或聚醛胺时，是一种含羧基或酸酐官能团的酸改性聚烯烃树脂，而当这种聚合物是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯时，是一种软化点低于150℃而熔点在150℃至240℃之间的基本上非结晶的线型聚酯，柄部上外层涂层的聚合物所用的单体是与罐端上侧涂层外层之聚合物中的相同。
14、形成这样的金属罐端部之一种方法，此种金属罐端部上设有一界定出其中一区域的划线，沿着这条划线撕裂后可使该区域分离而形成一孔，此罐端上还设置一具有接附到此区域上侧之柄部的金属拉手。在这种方法中，此罐端是由上侧有防护性聚合物涂层的金属坯料形成，特征在于：将一种至少是在表面上有着与罐端上侧涂层至少是其表面中的单体相同之单体的聚合物涂层，同样地涂敷于拉手柄部的下侧上，而且将这些拉手柄部下侧上涂层的表面直接焊合到罐端上侧聚合物涂层的表面上。
15、如权利要求14所述的方法，特征在于：此拉手柄部下侧上的涂层是热焊合到罐端聚合物的涂层之上。
16、如权利要求15所述的方法，此拉手与罐端被配合在一起并在压力下保持准齐，同时给此柄部供热以实现涂层熔合。
17、如权利要求16所述的方法，特征在于：热是从应用于柄部上侧之电加热工具来供给的。
18、如权利要求16所述的方法，特征在于：热是通过感应加热供给的。
19、如权利要求14所述的方法，特征在于：拉手柄部下侧的涂层是用超声方法焊合到罐端上之聚合物涂层上的。
20、如权利要求19所述的方法，特征在于：所述超声焊接是通过将一振动式喇叭应用于拉手柄部上侧，同时将罐端支承于一砧子上来实现的。
21、如权利要求20所述的方法，特征在于：此振动式喇叭是钛质的。
22、如权利要求20或21所述的方法，特征在于：此喇叭的振动频率约为20000周/秒。
CN88107020A 1987-10-15 1988-10-12 粘合有金属拉手的金属罐端部 Pending CN1033603A (zh)

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WO1989003350A1 (en) 1989-04-20
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US4946063A (en) 1990-08-07
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GB8724246D0 (en) 1987-11-18
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FI92674C (fi) 1994-12-27
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ATE70511T1 (de) 1992-01-15
PL275220A1 (en) 1989-06-12
TR26797A (tr) 1994-08-08
ZA887617B (en) 1989-06-28
PT88736B (pt) 1993-12-31
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TR23930A (tr) 1990-12-20
AU2547988A (en) 1989-05-02
GB8823933D0 (en) 1988-11-16
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