CN103344694B - Method for detecting crack defect of in-service strut porcelain insulator - Google Patents
Method for detecting crack defect of in-service strut porcelain insulator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting a crack defect of an in-service strut porcelain insulator, belonging to the technical field of online monitoring and condition-based maintenance of electrical equipment. The method comprises the following steps of: determining the quantity of to-be-measured points and selecting a measuring device according to the size of a tested element; measuring a potential value aiming at a frequently-broken part of the strut porcelain insulator; according to the potential value, calculating an axial component of an electric field intensity, drawing a curve diagram; according to the electric field curve diagram, locating a defect, analyzing the deterioration degree and obtaining a conclusion. According to the method, maintenance is carried out purposefully, the maintenance level can be improved so that equipment runs more safely and reliably; and the inventory level of replacement parts, and the cost required by replacing parts and maintaining the parts is reduced. The method is used as a new supplement of the online detection method for the strut porcelain insulator, thus the method of condition-based maintenance is perfected. The method has the advantages of high resolution, high sensitivity and the like for detecting cracks on the surface of the strut porcelain insulator, and can be widely applied to the detection of the strut porcelain insulator in high-voltage alternating-current and direct-current transmission and transformation projects.
Description
Technical field
Detect a method for in-service pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, belong to electrical equipment online monitoring and Condition-Based Maintenance Technology field.
Background technology
Outdoor Trusses For Transformer Substation pillar porcelain insulator is the insulation column of supporting high tension bus and High-Voltage Electrical Appliances live part, and it makes mechanically to be connected between electrified body with grounding body and electrically upper insulation, is the important composition equipment of substation operation.Electric system power transmission and transformation device employs pillar porcelain insulator all in a large number.Pillar porcelain insulator is the ceramic through high temperature sintering, belong to hard brittle material, toughness is extremely low, therefore often there are product manufacturing quality problems, as the loose, inner of inner ceramic material and surface crack etc., moreover the pillar porcelain insulator in transformer station exposes in atmosphere throughout the year, bear comparatively heavy load, working environment is very severe, a lot of by external influence factor, such as strong wind, sleet, icing, Exposure to Sunlight, bus vibration etc.If pillar porcelain insulator exists tiny flaw, under the impacts of above factors, development of defects worsens the destruction of just likely causing porcelain insulator, thus leads to major accident.
Due to pillar porcelain insulator fracture accident once occur, in the middle of making high voltage bus (or high voltage isolator), a segment distance loses support, and again changes pillar porcelain insulator more complicated, often causes large area, has a power failure for a long time; Meanwhile, along with the increase of net capacity, large power plant, electric substation and high voltage large capcity AC and DC transmission line of electricity are increasing, and the loss caused by fracture accident is also increasing.Obviously, along with economy and developing rapidly of producing, environmental pollution constantly aggravates, and climate change amplitude increases, and the hidden danger of correspondingly pillar porcelain insulator fracture has aggravated, also can be huger once have an accident the loss caused.Meanwhile, fracture accident often involves many circuits and multiple transformer station, causes large-area power-cuts.Therefore, pillar porcelain insulator fracture accident has become the serious threat of electric power netting safe running.The instant defect situation accurately detecting in-service pillar porcelain insulator, avoids the generation of fracture accident, improves transmission system reliability of operation, has become very important problem in UHV (ultra-high voltage), high voltage power transmission and transforming technology.
The domestic and international online test method for pillar porcelain insulator mainly contains at present: infrared imaging method, ultraviolet image method, vibroacoustics method, supercritical ultrasonics technology.
(1) infrared imaging method.Infrared Thermography Technology is exactly carry out imaging processing to the Temperature Distribution of object to be detected, makes the Two dimensional Distribution of its heat become two dimensional visible image, and people can diagnose according to the performance quality of the change of heterogeneity phantom to detected equipment.The advantage of infrared imaging detection method has: non-contact detecting, can carry out or Airborne Survey on ground, and relative to contact measurement one by one, thermal image detection method to multiple insulator imaging, can detect efficient, safety.The shortcoming of the method has: instrument cost is high; Observation angle problem (particularly evident in transformer station); The impact of the factors such as environment temperature, sunlight, air, moisture is vulnerable in test process.
(2) ultraviolet image method.When deterioration occurs pillar porcelain insulator, localized corona may be caused to discharge.Because corona discharge can launch the ultraviolet of wavelength coverage within the scope of 230 ~ 405nm, so according to the intensity of the optical radiation produced during surface corona, the performance quality of insulator can be known.The advantage of ultraviolet imagery detection method has: non-contact detecting, can carry out or Airborne Survey on ground, relative to contact measurement one by one, to multiple insulator imaging, can detect efficient, safety.The shortcoming of the method has: instrument cost is high, and observation angle problem (particularly evident in transformer station), is vulnerable to the impact of environmental factor, can not reacts inherent vice well in test process.In addition, because the top induced voltage of pillar porcelain insulator is high, and lower end flanges intersection induced voltage is very low, and crackle may be imbedded in again nearly surface in flange, and induced voltage therefore cannot be utilized to reach testing goal.
(3) vibroacoustics method.Any structure can regard the mechanical system be made up of rigidity, quality, damping matrix as.Once there is damage in structure, structural parameters also change thereupon, thus cause the frequency response function of system and the change of modal parameter.Because every mechanical stress function of cylindrical device has identical independent variable with its intrinsic own vibration frequency, so the physical strength of known support insulator and its frequency characteristic are closely related.Support insulator keep the basic norm of its physical strength be its characteristic frequency in time do not change speciality, so can by assessment support insulator to vibration sound wave reaction frequency spectrum determine whether support insulator damages.But the method does not have the support of correlative study for the sensitivity detected and accuracy at present, and the antijamming capability applied at the scene also needs further to be studied.
(4) supercritical ultrasonics technology.For situations such as support insulator generation crackle or fractures, ultrasonic method can be adopted to detect in-service porcelain insulator.Pillar porcelain insulator is the product become through high temperature sintering, and porcelain is fine and close, sound translative performance and the velocity of sound approximate with steel.Through actual measurement, the radial longitudinal wave velocity of pillar porcelain insulator is 5810m/s, and axial longitudinal wave velocity is 6100m/s, and transverse wave velocity is: 3400m/s.Pillar porcelain insulator is less to hyperacoustic decay, is suitable for selecting ultrasound wave to detect.Small angle longitudinal wave and the defects detecting technology of climbing ripple and combining, can detect in-service pillar porcelain insulator surface and inherent vice, guarantee the validity and reliability detected.But it belongs to local damage detection method, the impact by operator's skill level and experience is comparatively large, and separately have researcher to find, ultrasound wave exists the phenomenon of erroneous judgement in support insulator carrying out flaw detection.This mainly because ultrasound wave is not absolute rectilinear propagation after entering porcelain body with low-angle, but propagates in spindle.Because probe distance porcelain sand is comparatively near, portion of ultrasonic sound wave outer rim may run into the porcelain sand on porcelain body, or the gap between porcelain sand and porcelain sand, occurs the reflection configuration of similar defect waves, thus spy the wounded is thought by mistake is interior insulator defect.
Though therefore existing detection method has certain advantage, also there is a lot of shortcoming simultaneously, be not enough to the task that Resolving detects pillar porcelain insulator defect.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for grid company provides a kind of method---electric field method detecting in-service pillar porcelain insulator crack defect.The method has high resolving power, highly sensitive feature, can realize the Non-Destructive Testing to in-service pillar porcelain insulator.So that grid company practical application is aim, by effective detection equipment defect, reduce for the purpose of breakdown loss and secondary loss, final raising grid company repair based on condition of component efficiency.
Electric field method is by detecting along the Electric Field Distribution of pillar porcelain insulator axis, and distribute with normal electric field and compare, and the performance detecting insulator is fine or not.
Detect a method for in-service pillar porcelain insulator crack defect,
(1) validity of electric field method
Electric field method can be applied to the surface crack defect detecting pillar porcelain insulator, and this utilizes Finite Element Method to give feasibility checking in methodology.The basis of Finite Element Method is variational principle and weighted residual method, its basic ideas are the unit solving territory and be separated into limited non-overlapping copies, the node selecting some suitable in each unit is as interpolation point, then the dependent variable in partial differential equation to be asked is rewritten into the system of linear equations of the interpolating function composition according to the value on node, thus required solution can be obtained by suitable Numerical Methods Solve.To the west of the outdoor solid core post insulator ZSW-126/6K-3 of porcelain company be example.Set up three-dimensional model as shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 is pillar porcelain insulator three-dimensional model schematic diagram.
This three-dimensional power frequency electric field model meets formula (1), arranges suitable power frequency electric field boundary condition and carries out derivation.
According to the Requirements of Nondestructive Testing to pillar porcelain insulator, when crack growth rate is in Slow Crack district, must detect.Namely nondestructive testing sensitivity must find the most heavily stressed under minimum critical dimension.According to the fracture process of the theoretical analysis pillar porcelain insulator of fracturing mechanics, the minimum critical dimension that can calculate this support insulator is about 5mm.Therefore on porcelain knob, arrange a degree of depth is 5mm, and width is the crackle of 1mm, compares its impact on Electric Field Distribution.Fig. 2 is that crackle affects schematic diagram to insulation column outer Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, scheming (a) is schematic diagram in kind.To be electric field intensity be figure (b) apart from axial component (Electric Field Distribution) schematic diagram of the 5mm place space electric field of insulation column full skirt outer.As can be seen from Figure 2, from along insulation column overall Electric Field Distribution axially, crackle is very little for the impact near defect side Electric Field Distribution.But from partial analysis Electric Field Distribution, (Fig. 3 is that crackle affects schematic diagram to internal field as shown in Figure 3, wherein, a (), near the porcelain knob surface crack schematic diagram in kind of upper flange, (b) is that (a) porcelain knob surface crack near upper flange is on impact (distribution map of the electric field) schematic diagram of internal field; C () is the porcelain knob surface crack material object signal near lower flange; D () is that (c) porcelain knob surface crack near lower flange is on impact (Electric Field Distribution) schematic diagram of internal field.Wherein, in figure, electric field intensity is the axial component of overstriking black line space electric field in pictorial diagram.), compared with electric field time normal, on local, cracks electric field intensity has obvious increase.From simulated example, quantitative test degree of depth is 5mm, and width is the crackle of 1mm is 100% ~ 200% to the distortion effects of internal field, and this impact can be measured.Can realize technically measuring the internal field at accident position occurred frequently, then the method will be effective for the detection of in-service pillar porcelain insulator.
(2) sensitivity of electric field method
Since electric field method can be applied to the detection of pillar porcelain insulator surface crack, so the sensitivity of the method needs to analyze further.Adopt artificial grooving to study the degree of depth of surface crack and width respectively and situation is affected on electric field axial component, and adopt artificial near surperficial ball-type pore analysis nearly surface pore type defect on the impact of Electric Field Distribution.Consider that actual porcelain body crackle is compared with artificial grooving, its opening is tiny, and crack tip is more tiny, and also prosthetic grooving is straight smooth.The hole formed in product sintering process also with the making a big difference of manual manufacture, the shape of actual hole is extremely complicated, is distributed with very large randomness.Therefore, during situ method application, series analog test block need be designed and produced, as surperficial aging crack, sintering crack (precrack sinters again on base sample), and porcelain body inherent vice etc.By the measurement of the electric field axial component to series analog test block, verify resolution and the sensitivity of the method.
1) when crack width is 1mm, the degree of depth is respectively the series model of 1mm, 3mm, 5mm, carries out the result of simulation calculation as shown in Figure 4.Compared with the electric field of good insulation pillar, the aberration rate (electric field value under aberration rate=(electric field value under the electric field distortion maximal value-good situations under defect situation)/good situations, all adopts the axial component of electric field intensity during calculating) of cracks electric field is respectively 75%, 135%, 190%.Namely the darker impact on Electric Field Distribution of crackle is larger, also more easily detects crack defect.(Fig. 4 is that crack depth affects schematic diagram to Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, in figure, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value.）
2) crack depth is 1mm, when width is respectively 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, carries out the result of simulation calculation as shown in Figure 5.Compared with the electric field of good insulation pillar, the aberration rate (electric field value under the electric field distortion maximal value/good situations under aberration rate=defect situation, all adopts the axial component of electric field intensity during calculating) of cracks electric field is respectively 150%, 116.67%, 108.33%, 75%.Namely the less impact on Electric Field Distribution of crack width is larger, also more easily detects crack defect.(Fig. 5 is that crack width affects schematic diagram to Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, in figure, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value.）
3) the pore type defect on nearly surface, diameter is the ball-type hole of 2mm, distance 0.5mm, the 1mm respectively on distance surface.Simulation analysis result as shown in Fig. 6 figure, compared with the electric field of good insulation pillar, the aberration rate (electric field value under the electric field distortion maximal value/good situations under aberration rate=defect situation of electric field; All adopt the axial component of electric field intensity during calculating) be respectively 15.79%, negligible.Show: electric field method only can detect the pore type defect very near surface, but sensitivity is lower.(Fig. 6 is that nearly surface pore type defect is on the impact of Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, in figure, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value.）
(3) anti-interference of electric field method
Under power frequency electromagnetic field environment complicated at the scene, realize electric field method and measure, be easy to be interfered.But pillar porcelain insulator level electromagnetic field environment everywhere is circumferentially basically identical, if circumferentially choose measurement point in a level of porcelain knob, axially carry out synchro measure, and by final result relatively, then can eliminate the on-the-spot complicated interference of electromagnetic field.Simulation result as shown in Figure 7, circumferentially chooses four measurement points a level, relatively obviously can judge the crack defect place that red line is corresponding.(Fig. 7 be anti-interference realize schematic diagram.）
(4) performing step of electric field method
Owing to directly measuring electric field and being not easy to realize, therefore first press close to insulation column surface in one end of measured zone and fix a grading ring, using a horizontal circumference equipotential around insulation column also as reference current potential.Secondly, the number of measurement point is chosen.For above-mentioned pillar porcelain insulator, calculate according to fracturing mechanics, the minimum critical flaw size of 110kV electric pressure lower supporting rod porcelain insulator: the degree of depth is 5mm, can show that crack length is 56mm, so circumferentially probe number should be 16, guarantee measuring accuracy circumferentially.
Then, axially carry out the measurement of potential value, for ensureing measuring accuracy, can select high-frequency counter, such as step value is that 0.1mm is even less, record relative potentials value.It should be noted that, needing when measuring potential value to use mutual inductor.Finally, calculate the axial component value of electric field intensity according to the potential value of record, draw out curve.Can position defect according to electric field axial component curve map, and degradation is judged, reach a conclusion.Concrete performing step is as shown in Figure 8.
Detect a method for in-service pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, the method step is:
(1) according to detected element size, determine that measurement is counted, selected measurement mechanism;
(2) for the fracture position occurred frequently (between lower flange to the first full skirt) of pillar porcelain insulator, potential value measurement is carried out;
(3) according to potential value, calculate the axial component of electric field intensity, and draw out curve picture group;
(4) according to electric field curve diagram, defect is positioned; Analyze degradation; Reach a conclusion.
The effect of invention: electric field method is as a kind of online test method of new pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, detection for pillar porcelain insulator surface crack has the advantage such as high resolving power, high sensitivity, and the pillar porcelain insulator that can be widely used in the AC and DC project of transmitting and converting electricity of high pressure, extra-high voltage detects.
The method is supplemented as the new of pillar porcelain insulator online test method, the perfect method mechanism of repair based on condition of component.Have the following advantages:
(1) on purpose keep in repair, maintenance level can be improved, equipment is run more secure, reliable;
(2) reduce the tank farm stock of spare part, and change parts expense required with maintenance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is pillar porcelain insulator three-dimensional model schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that crackle affects schematic diagram to insulation column outer Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, scheming (a) is schematic diagram in kind.To be electric field intensity be figure (b) apart from axial component (Electric Field Distribution) schematic diagram of the 5mm place space electric field of insulation column full skirt outer.
Fig. 3 is that crackle affects schematic diagram to internal field, and wherein, (a), near the porcelain knob surface crack schematic diagram in kind of upper flange, (b) be that porcelain knob surface crack of (a) close upper flange is on impact (distribution map of the electric field) schematic diagram of internal field; C () is the porcelain knob surface crack material object signal near lower flange; D () is that (c) porcelain knob surface crack near lower flange is on impact (Electric Field Distribution) schematic diagram of internal field.Wherein, in figure, electric field intensity is the axial component of overstriking black line space electric field in pictorial diagram.
Fig. 4 is that crack depth affects schematic diagram to Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, in figure, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value.
Fig. 5 is that crack width affects schematic diagram to Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, in figure, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value.
Fig. 6 is that nearly surface pore type defect is on the impact of Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, in figure, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value.
Fig. 7 be anti-interference realize schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is flow chart of steps of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram data of embodiment 1.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram data of embodiment 2.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Fig. 8 is flow chart of steps of the present invention.Detect a method for in-service pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, the method step is:
(1) according to detected element size, determine that measurement is counted, selected measurement mechanism;
(2) for the fracture position occurred frequently (between lower flange to the first full skirt) of pillar porcelain insulator, potential value measurement is carried out;
(3) according to potential value, calculate the axial component of electric field intensity, and draw out curve picture group;
(4) according to electric field curve diagram, defect is positioned; Analyze degradation; Reach a conclusion.
[embodiment 1]
Detect a method for in-service pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, press close to insulation column surface in one end of measured zone and fix a grading ring, using a horizontal circumference equipotential around insulation column also as reference current potential.The method using electric field method principle detects the surface crack defect of high-voltage pillar porcelain insulator, and the 110kV pillar porcelain insulator of present case to transformer station's inner support high voltage bus detects, the detection on the porcelain knob surface mainly between lower flange and the first full skirt.Method step is as follows:
(1) according to detected element size, the measurement of 110kV pillar porcelain insulator is counted, and namely probe number is 16; Electric resistance partial pressure lever apparatus is selected to carry out potential measurement.
(2) 16 probes carry out axial measurement along porcelain knob surface, draw porcelain knob surface above earth potential value, record data.
(3) according to the potential data measured, the axial component value of the space electric field along porcelain knob surface is calculated;
(4) draw Electric Field Distribution curve as shown in Figure 9, Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram data of embodiment 1, and wherein one group of electric field data distortion is serious, and other data are roughly similar, therefore only represent with two curves in the drawings.Can judge to draw from figure, crack position is at distance lower flange 5mm place, and electric field distortion rate, more than 200%, should give a warning, and carries out fault handling in time to this pillar porcelain insulator.
[embodiment 2]
Detect a method for in-service pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, the method is pressed close to insulation column surface and is fixed a grading ring in one end of measured zone, using a horizontal circumference equipotential around insulation column also as reference current potential.The method using electric field method principle detects the surface crack defect of high-voltage pillar porcelain insulator, and the 110kV pillar porcelain insulator of present case to transformer station's inner support high voltage bus detects, the detection on the porcelain knob surface mainly between lower flange and the first full skirt.Detecting step as described in Example 1, finally draws out Electric Field Distribution curve as shown in Figure 10, and Figure 10 is the schematic diagram data of embodiment 2, represents equally with two curves.Judgement draws, is no more than 30%, does not belong to major defect, there is no need to make emergency processing in the aberration rate of the electric field apart from lower flange 20mm place, but should shorten its detection sense cycle.
The present invention has the advantage such as high resolving power, high sensitivity for the detection of pillar porcelain insulator surface crack, and the pillar porcelain insulator that can be widely used in the AC and DC project of transmitting and converting electricity of high pressure, extra-high voltage detects.The present invention supplements as the new of pillar porcelain insulator online test method, and the perfect method mechanism of repair based on condition of component, has advantage: (1) on purpose keeps in repair, can improve maintenance level, equipment is run more secure, reliable; (2) reduce the tank farm stock of spare part, and change parts expense required with maintenance.
Claims (1)
1. detect a method for in-service pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) according to the minimum space defects detection precision of tested pillar porcelain insulator size and needs, measuring probe number is determined, selected measurement mechanism;
2) press close to insulation column surface in one end of measured zone and fix a grading ring, using a horizontal circumference equipotential around insulation column also as reference current potential, surveyed area is determined at fracture for pillar porcelain insulator position occurred frequently, synchronously carry out the measurement of potential value vertically with multiprobe, select step value to be the high-frequency counter of 0.1mm;
3) according to potential value, calculate the axial component of electric field intensity, and draw out curve picture group;
4) according to electric field curve diagram, carry out noise and error analysis, defect is positioned; Analyze degradation; Reach a conclusion.
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| CN103605981B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2016-07-20 | 国家电网公司 | Defects of insulator recognition methods based on image recognition |
| CN104165932B (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2017-06-16 | 国家电网公司 | The common support base and test method of 750kV pillar porcelain insulators vibroacoustics detection experiment auxiliary device |
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| CN107831423B (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-12-13 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | composite insulator interface defect identification method based on infrared thermal image axis temperature identification |
| CN108195856A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-06-22 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing material industry CT detection sensitivity test methods |
| CN110231398B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2023-01-31 | 山东电力工业锅炉压力容器检验中心有限公司 | Simulation test block for detecting defects of lead-sealed eddy current test and manufacturing method and application thereof |
| DE102020213828B4 (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-12-01 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Inspection device and method for checking an object manufactured by means of a sintering process for possible defects |
| CN112765842A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-07 | 西安理工大学 | Optimization design method for combined insulator voltage-sharing structure |
| CN113884500A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-04 | 国家电网有限公司 | Porcelain insulator defect detection method based on ultraviolet imaging |
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