CN107807088B - Special device and test method for fault current ablation simulation test of pipeline - Google Patents
Special device and test method for fault current ablation simulation test of pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN107807088B CN107807088B CN201711279806.9A CN201711279806A CN107807088B CN 107807088 B CN107807088 B CN 107807088B CN 201711279806 A CN201711279806 A CN 201711279806A CN 107807088 B CN107807088 B CN 107807088B
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- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/02—Electrochemical measuring systems for weathering, corrosion or corrosion-protection measurement
Abstract
The invention provides a simulation test device of a fault current ablation pipeline, which comprises: a fault current generator (1) for simulating a fault current in the vicinity of the pipeline; a high-voltage oscilloscope (2) for observing and storing the discharge current waveform; an auxiliary electrode (3) for forming a polarization loop; and an actual soil environment box (4). Also provided is a corresponding simulation test method comprising: (1) Modeling and calculating by adopting a numerical simulation technology to obtain the pipeline withstand voltage corresponding to the fault current; (2) Performing a fault simulation test in a laboratory to observe whether ablation occurs; (3) Obtaining an ablation test piece after a fault test after traversing typical fault current, and analyzing the ablation test piece, wherein the analysis comprises morphology observation, tissue structure analysis, mechanical property analysis and residual intensity evaluation; (4) And obtaining fault current critical ablation conditions, an influence result of fault current ablation on the pipeline and pipeline withstand voltage corresponding to the fault current under the selected fault time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of simulation tests, in particular to the field of simulation tests needed to be carried out in the process of researching a steel pipeline ablation mechanism by fault current.
Background
At present, the corrosion control measure of the pipeline is generally a mode of combined protection of an outer anti-corrosion layer and cathode protection, the material of the outer anti-corrosion layer is generally 3LPE, however, when the pipeline is subjected to inner detection and excavation verification, partial defects of the pipeline are found, a corrosion pit similar to ablation appears after the anti-corrosion layer is stripped, a high-voltage alternating current transmission line is arranged near the pipeline, the distance between the high-voltage alternating current transmission line and the pipeline is about 63m, and the corrosion pit is possibly caused by lightning stroke or fault current through preliminary analysis. The fault current is a current caused by insulation damage or short circuit, however, the prior art does not develop research on the influence of the fault current of the high-voltage tower on the pipeline body when the fault current flows into and out of the steel pipeline, so that research on protection measures of the fault earth-entering current cannot be performed.
The related literature on the aspects of high-current ablation of buried pipeline faults and the like at home and abroad is searched, most of the literature is concentrated on analysis of ablation cases, qualitative analysis of morphology and general summary of occurring environmental parameters, no targeted research on the relation between the parameters and the ablation is carried out, a small amount of research on experimental research methods, experimental parameters and high-current ablation of the ablation is concentrated on a numerical simulation stage, and practical experimental research is not completed in a laboratory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is characterized in that the influence of fault current on the buried pipeline is researched through a laboratory simulation test, and the electric parameters of the influence of the fault current on the buried pipeline are obtained through analysis of ablation behaviors, test analysis of tissue structures of samples before and after the test and change of mechanical properties, a numerical simulation technology is utilized to construct a calculation model of the influence of the fault current on the buried pipeline, the rule of influence of each parameter on the electric parameters of the pipeline is researched, the ablation mechanism of the actual pipeline is analyzed on the basis, and the study of a subtractive protection technology is developed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the safety distance, the power grid side protection measures and the pipeline side protection measures are used for obtaining a comprehensive reduction protection scheme for the high-current ablation problem.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a special device for simulating a high-current ablation pipeline, which is used for performing the high-current ablation test of an oil pipeline through a current generator and comprises the following components:
a fault current generator (1) for simulating a fault current in the pipeline;
a high-voltage oscilloscope (2) for observing and storing the discharge current waveform;
an auxiliary electrode (3) for forming a polarization loop for passing a current through the test sample;
and an actual soil environment box (4) for providing an actual soil environment in the vicinity of the pipeline when a fault current occurs.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a shunt for adjusting a large amount of current of the simulation test a plurality of times, and a ground rod for discharging the capacitor during the simulation test.
Preferably, the fault current generator (1) comprises a single-phase voltage regulator D, test transformers T1 and T2, a high-voltage silicon stack G, a capacitor bank C, a pulse trigger H, a wave-regulating inductance L and a wave-regulating resistor R.
Preferably, the auxiliary electrode (3) is a platinum or carbon electrode which has a small resistance and is not easily polarized.
The invention also aims to provide a simulation test method of the high-current ablation pipeline, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Modeling calculation is carried out by adopting a numerical simulation technology, and the pipeline withstand voltage corresponding to the fault current is obtained;
(2) Performing a fault current simulation test in a laboratory, observing whether ablation occurs, if no pipeline ablation occurs, increasing the fault current to continue the simulation test, and if the pipeline ablation occurs, decreasing the fault current to continue the simulation test;
(3) Obtaining an ablation test piece after a fault current test after traversing a typical fault current, and analyzing the ablation test piece, wherein the analysis comprises morphology observation, tissue structure analysis, mechanical property analysis and residual intensity evaluation;
(4) And obtaining fault current critical ablation conditions, an influence result of fault current ablation on the pipeline and pipeline withstand voltage corresponding to the fault current under the selected fault time.
Preferably, the step (2) includes the steps of:
(2-1) preparing a plurality of pipeline test samples (5) with the same specification;
(2-2) checking the single-phase voltage regulator D, the discharge ball gap of the fault current generator (1) and the high-voltage oscilloscope;
(2-3) completing the wiring of the test-dedicated device according to any one of claims 1-4, and shortening the experimental loop connection lines as much as possible, reducing loops so as to reduce measurement errors;
(2-4) adjusting the ignition ball gap and other ball gap distances;
(2-5) shorting the wave-regulating inductance L, the wave-regulating resistor R and the pipeline test sample (5), applying a charging voltage of several kilovolts, and observing and storing a discharging current waveform;
(2-6) dismantling the shorting bars, adjusting the ball gap distance, the wave-regulating inductance L and the wave-regulating resistance R to enable the waveform of the simulated fault current to be close to the waveform of the power frequency, and the amplitude of the simulated fault current to be close to the maximum interference, namely the interference voltage at 100kA, measuring and recording the waveform of the fault current and residual voltage passing through the pipeline test sample (5), and shooting the ablation condition of the test sample (5);
(2-7) maintaining the wiring of the step (2-6) unchanged, changing the magnitude of the simulated fault current, namely changing the charging voltage of the main capacitor and adjusting the distance of the trigger ball gap, and repeating the test;
(2-8) adjusting the voltage difference between the pipeline and the nearby soil under different fault currents, respectively carrying out an ablation test on a pipeline test sample (5), drawing a volt-ampere characteristic curve of the test sample according to test data, and finishing an ablation map of the pipeline under different fault currents;
and (2-9) comparing the actual ablation photo with the ablation map, further adjusting the simulated fault current to repeat the test, enabling the experimental result to be as close as possible to the actual ablation condition, and perfecting the ablation map and the volt-ampere characteristic curve.
Preferably, in the step (2-4), the capacitors of each stage are firstly discharged, and then the grounding rod is hung on the copper ball to be regulated, and then the regulation of the ball gap distance is carried out each time.
Preferably, in the step (2-7), the power supply is cut off and the main capacitor is fully discharged when the wave is regulated or the test article is replaced and the ball gap distance is regulated, and the grounding rod is hung on the main capacitor after the main capacitor is discharged through the discharging resistor and then directly discharged when the main capacitor is discharged, so that the personal safety is ensured.
Preferably, the fault current in the step (2-8) is respectively selected as 100ka,80ka,60ka,40ka,20ka,10ka,5ka,1ka according to the working condition and the calculation result of the numerical simulation technology; the pipeline test sample (5) is 20 cm-20 cm actual pipeline steel material, and is attached with a 3PE anticorrosive layer (6), wherein 3mm defects are manufactured on the anticorrosive layer (6); the interference duration is: 5 μs, 10 μs, 20 μs, 30 μs, 50 μs, 60 μs, 80 μs, 100 μs, 150 μs, 200 μs.
Preferably, according to the simulation test method, according to the ablation condition, the interference voltage and time parameters are adjusted, the test parameters are encrypted near the ablation critical value, and other parameters which deviate from the critical value farther are cut.
The method comprises the steps of adopting laboratory simulation test equipment and a method to study the influence of fault current on a buried pipeline, obtaining electric parameters of the influence of the fault current on the buried pipeline through analysis of ablation behaviors, test and analysis of tissue structures of samples before and after the test and change of mechanical properties, constructing a calculation model of the influence of the fault current on the buried pipeline by using a numerical simulation technology, studying the rule of influence of each parameter on the electric parameters of the pipeline, analyzing the ablation mechanism of an actual pipeline on the basis, and developing the study of a subtractive protection technology, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the safety distance, the power grid side protection measures and the pipeline side protection measures obtain a comprehensive reduction protection scheme for the fault current ablation problem, and provide qualitative and quantitative beneficial reference for corrosion protection of long-distance pipelines.
The above, as well as additional objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or portions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. The objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent in view of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a special device for simulation test of a fault current ablation tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method of simulation testing of a fault current ablation conduit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the laboratory portion of the simulation test method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulation test method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a fault ablation problem is converted into laboratory test parameters under actual conditions;
FIG. 5 is a graph of fault AC current versus cathode and anode ablation profile in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a special device for simulating a fault current ablation pipeline performs a lightning current ablation test of an oil pipeline through a current generator, and the device comprises: a fault current generator 1 for simulating lightning current in the vicinity of the pipeline; a high-voltage oscilloscope 2 for observing and storing the discharge current waveform; an auxiliary electrode 3 for forming a polarization loop to allow a current to pass through the test sample; and an actual soil environment box 4 for providing an actual soil environment in the vicinity of the pipeline in which a fault current occurs, the dedicated device further comprising a shunt for adjusting the number of fault currents for the simulation test a plurality of times, and a ground rod for discharging the capacitor during the simulation test. The fault current generator 1 comprises a single-phase voltage regulator D, test transformers T1 and T2, a high-voltage silicon stack G, a capacitor bank C, a pulse trigger H, a wave-regulating inductance L and a wave-regulating resistor R, wherein an auxiliary electrode has the function of forming a polarization loop with a tested pipeline sample so that the pipeline test sample can have current passing through. In general, the auxiliary electrode is required to have small resistance and not easy to be polarized, and reaction products on one side of the auxiliary electrode do not seriously affect the reaction of the test sample, and in the embodiment, platinum or carbon electrodes are used as the auxiliary electrode, when the area of the auxiliary electrode is 100 times larger than that of the research electrode, the polarization of the auxiliary electrode can be ignored, and other auxiliary electrode materials which are not easy to be polarized can be selected.
The simulation test method for the fault current ablation pipeline by adopting the special simulation test device is carried out by adopting the following steps as shown in a schematic diagram of the simulation test method for the fault current ablation pipeline in fig. 2 and an operation flow chart of a laboratory part of the simulation test method in fig. 3:
(1) Modeling calculation is carried out by adopting a numerical simulation technology, and the pipeline withstand voltage corresponding to the fault current is obtained. The physical basis for modeling calculations for this embodiment is that when a high voltage transmission line fails, a large amount of current flows into the earth through the tower ground poles. A strong electric field is formed in the earth and a nearby pipe develops a potential difference across the strong electric field resulting in high current ablation, as shown in fig. 4. Because the laboratory can not simulate the long linear structure of an actual pipeline, the test is carried out by adopting a coating withstand voltage (voltage difference between metal and soil on two sides of a coating) of the pipeline under the condition of simulating different fault currents by adopting an indoor impact generator, and the electric parameters that the fault currents cause ablation of the defect part (the defect size found on site) of the anticorrosive coating of the pipeline are obtained. In order to enable the test result to correspond to the field actual working condition, a numerical simulation technology is adopted to calculate the potential difference between the pipeline and the nearby soil under different currents, and corresponding laboratory tests are carried out according to the calculation result. Before numerical calculation, it is required to determine that the fault current is a power frequency (50 Hz) current, and the erosion of the cathode and the anode by the fault alternating current is similar, as shown in fig. 5. Therefore, fault currents are tested respectively, ablation morphology and ablation morphology characteristics are summarized, a basis is provided for on-site ablation type and mechanism analysis, and on-site ablation type and mechanism analysis can be distinguished according to the rule and characteristics of the ablation morphology.
(2) Performing a fault current simulation test in a laboratory, observing whether ablation occurs, if no pipeline ablation occurs, increasing the fault current to continue the simulation test, and if the pipeline ablation occurs, decreasing the fault current to continue the simulation test; wherein the test steps performed in the laboratory include:
(2-1) preparing a plurality of pipeline test samples 5 with the same specification, wherein the pipeline test samples 5 are 20cm x 20cm actual pipeline steel materials, and are attached with a 3PE anticorrosive layer 6, and defects of 3mm are formed on the anticorrosive layer 6;
(2-2) checking the single-phase voltage regulator D, the discharge ball gap of the fault current generator 1 and the high-voltage oscilloscope;
(2-3) completing the wiring of the test-dedicated device according to any one of claims 1-4, and shortening the experimental loop connection lines as much as possible, reducing loops so as to reduce measurement errors;
(2-4) adjusting the ignition ball gap and other ball gap distances, namely firstly discharging all stages of capacitors during operation, and then hanging a grounding rod on a copper ball to be adjusted to adjust the ball gap distance each time;
(2-5) shorting the wave-regulating inductance L, the wave-regulating resistor R and the pipeline test sample 5, applying thousands of volts of charging voltage, and observing and storing discharging current waveforms;
(2-6) dismantling the shorting bars, adjusting the ball gap distance, the wave-regulating inductance L and the wave-regulating resistance R to enable the waveform of the simulated lightning current to be close to the waveform of the power frequency, the amplitude of the simulated lightning current to be close to the maximum interference, namely the interference voltage at 100kA, measuring and recording the waveform of the fault current and residual voltage passing through the pipeline test sample 5, and shooting the ablation condition of the test sample 5;
(2-7) maintaining the wiring of the step (2-6) unchanged, changing the magnitude of the simulated fault current, namely changing the charging voltage of the main capacitor and adjusting the distance of the trigger ball gap, repeating the test, cutting off the power supply when adjusting the wave or replacing the test product and adjusting the ball gap distance each time, fully discharging the main capacitor, discharging the main capacitor through a discharging resistor, directly discharging the main capacitor, and hanging a grounding rod on the main capacitor to ensure personal safety;
(2-8) adjusting the voltage difference between the pipeline and the nearby soil under different fault voltages, respectively carrying out ablation test on a pipeline test sample (5), respectively selecting the fault voltages as 100KA,80KA,60KA,40KA,20KA,10KA,5KA and 1KA according to the working conditions and the calculation results of a numerical simulation technology, respectively selecting the interference duration as 5 mu s, 10 mu s, 20 mu s, 30 mu s, 50 mu s, 60 mu s, 80 mu s, 100 mu s, 150 mu s and 200 mu s, and then drawing a volt-ampere characteristic curve of the test sample according to test data, and finishing the ablation patterns of the pipeline under different fault currents;
(2-9) comparing the actual ablation photo with the ablation map, further adjusting the simulated fault current to repeat the test, enabling the experimental result to be as close as possible to the actual ablation condition, and perfecting the ablation map and the volt-ampere characteristic curve;
(3) Obtaining an ablation test piece after a fault current test after traversing a typical fault current, and analyzing the ablation test piece, wherein the analysis comprises morphology observation, tissue structure analysis, mechanical property analysis and residual intensity evaluation;
(4) And obtaining fault current critical ablation conditions, an influence result of fault current ablation on the pipeline and pipeline withstand voltage corresponding to the fault current under the selected fault time.
It should be noted that in the process of the simulation test method, the interference voltage and time parameters are adjusted according to the ablation condition, the test parameters are encrypted near the ablation critical value, and other parameters far away from the critical value are cut down, so that a more accurate test result can be obtained.
The test proves that: the simulation test equipment and the simulation test method are adopted to study the influence of fault current on the buried pipeline, the electric parameters of the influence of the fault current on the buried pipeline can be obtained through analysis of ablation behaviors, test analysis of tissue structures and mechanical property changes of samples before and after the test, a numerical simulation technology is utilized to construct a calculation model of the influence of the fault current on the buried pipeline, the influence rule of each parameter on the electric parameters of the pipeline is studied, further, the critical ablation condition of the fault current is obtained through analysis, the influence result of the fault current ablation on the pipeline is obtained, the pipeline withstand voltage corresponding to the fault current under the fault time and the ablation mechanism of the actual pipeline are selected, and the reduction protection technology study is carried out, and the simulation test equipment comprises: the safety distance, the power grid side protection measure and the pipeline side protection measure are used for obtaining a comprehensive reduction protection scheme of the high-current ablation problem, providing qualitative and quantitative beneficial reference for corrosion protection of long-distance pipelines, and determining the following power system parameters when designing a protection measure for reducing the interference influence of fault current on a buried metal structure: maximum operating load and accident-period load; maximum unidirectional line-to-ground fault current and duration; maximum phase-to-phase fault current and duration; the type of grounding system used. Safety maintenance and testing procedures for cathodic protection systems when considering and estimating the ac interference that ac may have on buried metallic structures, the effect of ac on the cathodic protection system of the structure, and the safety maintenance and testing procedures for cathodic protection systems on structures subject to ac effects, should be considered simultaneously.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is not to be restricted by the embodiments but only by the appended claims. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope and spirit thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A simulation test method for fault current ablation pipeline by using a special device for simulation test of fault current ablation pipeline is characterized in that,
the simulation test device of the fault current ablation pipeline carries out fault current ablation test of the oil pipeline through a current generator and comprises the following components:
a fault current generator (1) for simulating a fault current in the vicinity of the pipeline;
a high-voltage oscilloscope (2) for observing and storing the discharge current waveform;
an auxiliary electrode (3) for forming a polarization loop for passing a current through the test sample;
and an actual soil environment box (4) for providing an actual soil environment in the vicinity of the pipeline when lightning current occurs; the device comprises a capacitor, a shunt and a grounding rod, wherein the shunt is used for adjusting the fault current quantity of the simulation test for a plurality of times, and the grounding rod is used for discharging the capacitor in the simulation test process;
the fault current generator (1) comprises a single-phase voltage regulator D, test transformers T1 and T2, a high-voltage silicon stack G, a capacitor bank C, a pulse trigger H, a wave-regulating inductance L and a wave-regulating resistor R;
the auxiliary electrode (3) is a platinum or carbon electrode with small resistance and difficult polarization;
the test method comprises the following steps:
(1) Modeling calculation is carried out by adopting a numerical simulation technology, and the pipeline withstand voltage corresponding to the fault current is obtained;
(2) Performing a fault current simulation test in a laboratory, observing whether ablation occurs, if no pipeline ablation occurs, increasing the fault current to continue the simulation test, and if the pipeline ablation occurs, decreasing the fault current to continue the simulation test;
(3) Obtaining an ablation test piece after a fault test after traversing typical fault current, and analyzing the ablation test piece, wherein the analysis comprises morphology observation, tissue structure analysis, mechanical property analysis and residual intensity evaluation;
(4) Obtaining fault current critical ablation conditions, wherein the influence result of fault current ablation on a pipeline and pipeline withstand voltage corresponding to fault current under the selected fault time are obtained;
the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(2-1) preparing a plurality of pipeline test samples (5) with the same specification;
(2-2) checking the single-phase voltage regulator D, the discharge ball gap of the fault current generator (1) and the high-voltage oscilloscope;
(2-3) completing the wiring of the special test device, and shortening the experimental loop connecting wire as much as possible, and reducing the loop so as to reduce the measurement error;
(2-4) adjusting the discharge ball gap distance of the copper ball;
(2-5) shorting the wave-regulating inductance L, the wave-regulating resistor R and the pipeline test sample (5), applying a charging voltage of several kilovolts, and observing and storing a discharging current waveform;
(2-6) dismantling the shorting bars, adjusting the ball gap distance, the wave-regulating inductance L and the wave-regulating resistance R to enable the waveform of the simulated fault current to be close to the waveform of the power frequency, and measuring and recording the waveform of the fault current and residual voltage passing through the pipeline test sample (5) when the amplitude is close to the maximum interference, namely the interference current at 100kA, and shooting the ablation condition of the test sample (5);
(2-7) maintaining the wiring of the step (2-6) unchanged, changing the magnitude of the simulated fault current, namely changing the charging voltage of the main capacitor and adjusting the distance of the trigger ball gap, and repeating the test;
(2-8) adjusting the voltage difference between the pipeline and the nearby soil under different fault voltages, respectively carrying out an ablation test on a pipeline test sample (5), drawing a volt-ampere characteristic curve of the test sample according to test data, and finishing an ablation map of the pipeline under different fault currents;
and (2-9) comparing the actual ablation photo with the ablation map, further adjusting the simulated fault current to repeat the test, enabling the experimental result to be as close as possible to the actual ablation condition, and perfecting the ablation map and the volt-ampere characteristic curve.
2. A method of simulation testing a fault current ablated channel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2-4), firstly, the capacitors of all stages are discharged, and then, after the grounding rod is hung on the copper ball to be regulated, the regulation of the ball gap distance of each time is carried out.
3. A method of simulation testing a fault current ablated channel according to claim 1, wherein: and (2-7) cutting off a power supply every time wave adjustment or test article replacement and ball gap distance adjustment are carried out, fully discharging the main capacitor, discharging through a discharging resistor and then directly discharging, and hanging a grounding rod on the main capacitor to ensure personal safety.
4. A method of simulation testing a fault current ablated channel according to claim 1, wherein: the fault current in the step (2-8) is respectively selected as 100KA,80KA,60KA,40KA,20KA,10KA,5KA and 1KA according to the working condition and the calculation result of the numerical simulation technology; the pipeline test sample (5) is 20 cm-20 cm actual pipeline steel material, and is attached with a 3PE anticorrosive layer (6), wherein 3mm defects are manufactured on the anticorrosive layer (6); the interference duration is: 5 μs, 10 μs, 20 μs, 30 μs, 50 μs, 60 μs, 80 μs, 100 μs, 150 μs, 200 μs.
5. A method of simulation testing a fault current ablated channel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: according to the simulation test method, according to the ablation condition, the interference voltage and time parameters are adjusted, the test parameters are encrypted near the ablation critical value, and other parameters deviating from the critical value farther are cut.
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| CN108761292A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-06 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | One kind being used for transmission line wire lightning current ablation characteristics test system |
| CN111856108B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2023-12-22 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Buried pipeline potential rise experiment system |
| CN111856109B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2023-07-07 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Buried pipeline potential rise experiment system |
| CN113281452A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-20 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司绍兴供电公司 | Buried metal energy transmission pipeline slicing test method |
| CN113281622A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-20 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司绍兴供电公司 | Protection method for anticorrosive coating of buried metal energy transmission pipeline |
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