CN103383367A - Method for scanning type thermal conduction line temperature detection of workpiece shallow cracks - Google Patents

Method for scanning type thermal conduction line temperature detection of workpiece shallow cracks Download PDF

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CN103383367A
CN103383367A CN2013102935485A CN201310293548A CN103383367A CN 103383367 A CN103383367 A CN 103383367A CN 2013102935485 A CN2013102935485 A CN 2013102935485A CN 201310293548 A CN201310293548 A CN 201310293548A CN 103383367 A CN103383367 A CN 103383367A
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workpiece
temperature
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crack
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孔令超
安荣�
张威
田艳红
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Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
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Abstract

扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法,涉及一种缺陷检测方法,尤其涉及一种无损缺陷检测工件浅表裂纹的方法。所述方法步骤如下:在待测试件正面上方分别设置有一激光器和红外热像仪;将一大功率激光束快速在试件正面上扫描出一条直线;在热像仪内设置一条与激光扫描线平行的测量线,同时检测此处的温升曲线,检测最高值,根据最高值判断激光扫描线与测量线之间工件是否有裂纹。本方法应用面广阔,不仅对工件上的浅表裂纹有较高的检出率,在实验数据的支持下,可根据线温低温点的温差来确定裂纹的深浅,由此可绘出裂纹的三维图。本检测方法简便直观,无损,检测过程无需中间介质,对工件无不良影响,检测结果直观准确。

Figure 201310293548

The invention relates to a method for detecting superficial cracks of a workpiece by scanning heat conduction line temperature, relating to a defect detection method, in particular to a method for non-destructive defect detection of superficial cracks of a workpiece. The steps of the method are as follows: a laser and an infrared thermal imager are respectively arranged above the front of the test piece; a high-power laser beam is quickly scanned to form a straight line on the front of the test piece; a laser scanning line is set in the thermal imager Parallel measurement lines, simultaneously detect the temperature rise curve here, detect the highest value, and judge whether there is a crack in the workpiece between the laser scanning line and the measurement line according to the highest value. This method has a wide range of applications. Not only does it have a high detection rate for superficial cracks on the workpiece, but with the support of experimental data, the depth of the crack can be determined according to the temperature difference between the line temperature and the low temperature point, so that the crack can be drawn. Three-dimensional map. The detection method is simple, intuitive and non-destructive. The detection process does not require an intermediate medium, has no adverse effect on the workpiece, and the detection result is intuitive and accurate.

Figure 201310293548

Description

扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法Method for detecting superficial cracks of workpiece by scanning heat conduction line temperature

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种缺陷检测方法,尤其涉及一种无损缺陷检测工件浅表裂纹的方法。 The invention relates to a defect detection method, in particular to a non-destructive defect detection method for superficial cracks of workpieces.

背景技术 Background technique

机器零部件中最常见的缺陷是裂纹、气孔、夹渣等。缺陷产生的原因是多种多样的,主要有以下几种: The most common defects in machine parts are cracks, pores, slag inclusions, etc. There are various reasons for defects, mainly as follows:

第一,在制造阶段由原材料产生的缺陷; First, defects arising from raw materials during the manufacturing phase;

第二,加工制造阶段产生的缺陷; Second, the defects generated in the processing and manufacturing stage;

第三,设备在使用中发生的缺陷。 Third, the defects that occur in the use of equipment.

检查这些缺陷通常使用无损检测法,可是,要想判断这些缺陷是有害还是无害都相当困难。一旦产生漏判,就会对生产安全运行造成很大威胁和严重后果。 These defects are usually detected using non-destructive testing methods, however, it is quite difficult to determine whether these defects are harmful or harmless. Once a missed judgment occurs, it will pose a great threat and serious consequences to the safe operation of production.

现有缺陷技术主要有如下几种方法: The existing defect technology mainly contains the following methods:

1、涡流检测法 1. Eddy current testing method

此法是利用涡流裂纹探测器进行的。其原理是探测器接触裂纹时,使探测器线圈的阻抗减弱而取得电压上的变化,即在仪器刻度盘上显示出相应数值或发出报警声。同样还能利用涡流法来测量裂纹的深度值。此方法对非金属及非铁磁性金属无法检测。 This method is performed using an eddy current crack detector. The principle is that when the detector touches the crack, the impedance of the detector coil is weakened to obtain a change in voltage, that is, the corresponding value is displayed on the instrument dial or an alarm sounds. The eddy current method can also be used to measure the depth of cracks. This method cannot detect non-metallic and non-ferromagnetic metals.

2、射线探测法 2. Ray detection method

在设备监测中,常用易于穿透物质的χ、γ射线。当射线在穿透物体过程中,由于受到吸收和散射,使强度减弱,其衰减的程度与物体厚度、材料的性质及射线的种类有关,因此当物体有气孔等体积缺陷时,射线就容易通过。反之,若混有吸收射线的异物夹杂时,射线就难以通过。用强度均匀的射线照射所检测的物体,使透过的射线在照像底片上感光,通过对底片的观察来确定缺陷种类、大小和分布状况,按照相应的标准来评价缺陷的危害程度。但此法费用较高,对操作者有危害。 In equipment monitoring, χ and γ rays, which are easy to penetrate substances, are commonly used. When a ray penetrates an object, its intensity is weakened due to absorption and scattering. The degree of attenuation is related to the thickness of the object, the nature of the material and the type of ray. Therefore, when the object has volume defects such as pores, the ray can easily pass through. . Conversely, if there are foreign objects that absorb radiation, it will be difficult for radiation to pass through. The detected object is irradiated with rays of uniform intensity, so that the transmitted rays are photosensitive on the photographic film, and the type, size and distribution of defects are determined by observing the film, and the degree of damage of defects is evaluated according to the corresponding standards. However, this method is expensive and harmful to the operator.

3、超声波探伤法 3. Ultrasonic flaw detection method

此法是利用发射的高频超声波(1~10MHz)射入到被检测物的内部,如遇到内部缺陷则一部分入射的超声波在缺陷处被反射或衰减,然后经探头接收后再放大,由显示的波形来确定缺陷的部位及其大小,再根据相应的标准来评定缺陷的危害程度。此方法需中间介质,检测技术要求高,对缺陷形貌描绘精度差。 This method is to inject high-frequency ultrasonic waves (1~10MHz) into the interior of the object to be tested. If an internal defect is encountered, a part of the incident ultrasonic wave will be reflected or attenuated at the defect, and then amplified after being received by the probe. The displayed waveform can be used to determine the location and size of the defect, and then evaluate the degree of damage of the defect according to the corresponding standards. This method requires an intermediate medium, requires high detection technology, and has poor accuracy in describing defect morphology.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

针对现有表面检测裂纹技术存在对浅表微裂纹难以准确检测的缺陷,本发明提供一种扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法。 Aiming at the defect that it is difficult to accurately detect superficial micro-cracks in the existing surface detection technology, the invention provides a scanning heat conduction line temperature detection method for superficial cracks of workpieces.

本发明的扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法步骤如下: The method steps of scanning heat conduction line temperature detection workpiece superficial crack of the present invention are as follows:

在待测试件正面上方分别设置有一激光器和红外热像仪;将一大功率激光束快速在试件正面上扫描出一条直线;在热像仪内设置一条与激光扫描线平行的测量线,同时检测此处的温升曲线,检测最高值,根据最高值判断激光扫描线与测量线之间工件是否有裂纹。 A laser and an infrared thermal imager are respectively arranged above the front of the test piece; a high-power laser beam is quickly scanned to form a straight line on the front of the test piece; a measurement line parallel to the laser scanning line is set in the thermal imager, and at the same time Detect the temperature rise curve here, detect the highest value, and judge whether there is a crack in the workpiece between the laser scanning line and the measuring line according to the highest value.

本方法具有以下优点: This method has the following advantages:

1、本方法应用面广阔,金属、非金属、复合材料等皆适用,只需调整相应的激光和测量参数。 1. This method has a wide range of applications, and is applicable to metals, non-metals, composite materials, etc., only need to adjust the corresponding laser and measurement parameters.

2、本检测方法不仅对工件上的浅表裂纹有较高的检出率,在实验数据的支持下,可根据线温低温点的温差来确定裂纹的深浅,由此可绘出裂纹的三维图。 2. This detection method not only has a high detection rate for superficial cracks on the workpiece, but with the support of experimental data, the depth of the crack can be determined according to the temperature difference between the line temperature and the low temperature point, so that the three-dimensional crack can be drawn picture.

3、本检测方法简便直观,无损,检测过程无需中间介质,对工件无不良影响,检测结果直观准确。 3. This detection method is simple and intuitive, non-destructive, no intermediate medium is required in the detection process, no adverse effects on the workpiece, and the detection result is intuitive and accurate.

4、本方法与“点阵式热传导测温无损裂纹检测法”相比优点是检测效率大幅提高,但同等条件下相对所需激光器功率要大。 4. Compared with the "dot-matrix heat conduction temperature measurement non-destructive crack detection method", the advantage of this method is that the detection efficiency is greatly improved, but under the same conditions, the required laser power is relatively large.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本发明的浅表裂纹检测方法示意图,其中1:待测试件,2:激光器,3:红外热像仪,2-1:激光扫描线,3-1:红外测温线; Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the superficial crack detection method of the present invention, wherein 1: a piece to be tested, 2: a laser, 3: an infrared thermal imager, 2-1: a laser scanning line, 3-1: an infrared temperature measuring line;

图2为浅表裂纹检测原理示意图,其中1:待测试件,2-1:激光扫描线,3-1:红外测温线,4:第一次检测区,5:第二次检测区,6:第三次检测区,7:浅表裂纹; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of superficial crack detection, where 1: the piece to be tested, 2-1: laser scanning line, 3-1: infrared temperature measurement line, 4: the first detection area, 5: the second detection area, 6: The third inspection area, 7: Superficial cracks;

图3为浅表裂纹检测温度显示曲线示意图(第一次检测区); Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the superficial crack detection temperature display curve (the first detection area);

图4为浅表裂纹检测温度显示曲线示意图(第二次检测区); Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the superficial crack detection temperature display curve (the second detection area);

图5为浅表裂纹检测温度显示曲线示意图(第三次检测区); Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the superficial crack detection temperature display curve (the third detection area);

图6为通过温度曲线形状还原裂纹形状原理示意图,3-1-1:第n1次测量位置,3-1-2:第n2次测量位置,3-1-3:第n3次测量位置,3-1-4:第n4次测量位置,3-1-5:第n5次测量位置,3-1-6:第n6次测量位置,3-1-7:第n7次测量位置; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of restoring the crack shape through the temperature curve shape, 3-1-1: the nth 1st measurement position, 3-1-2: the nth 2nd measurement position, 3-1-3: the nth 3rd measurement position, 3-1-4: n4th measurement position, 3-1-5: n5th measurement position, 3-1-6: n6th measurement position, 3-1-7: n7th measurement position secondary measurement position;

图7为第n1次测量的测温曲线; Fig. 7 is the temperature measurement curve of the nth 1 measurement;

图8为第n2测量的测温曲线; Fig. 8 is the temperature measurement curve of n 2 measurement;

图9为第n3测量的测温曲线; Fig. 9 is the temperature measurement curve of n 3 measurement;

图10为第n4测量的测温曲线; Fig. 10 is the temperature measurement curve of the n 4th measurement;

图11为第n5测量的测温曲线; Fig. 11 is the temperature measurement curve of the n5th measurement;

图12为第n6测量的测温曲线; Fig. 12 is the temperature measurement curve of the n 6th measurement;

图13为第n7测量的测温曲线; Fig. 13 is the temperature measurement curve of the n 7th measurement;

图14为根据图7-13绘制的工件裂纹检测图。 Fig. 14 is a crack detection diagram of the workpiece drawn according to Fig. 7-13.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,但并不局限如此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。 The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it is not limited to this. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be covered by the technical solution of the present invention. in the scope of protection.

本发明的扫描式热传导线温裂纹检测法,步骤如下: The scanning heat conduction line temperature crack detection method of the present invention, the steps are as follows:

如图1所示,在待测试件1正面上方分别设置有一激光器2和红外热像仪3;将一大功率激光束快速在试件正面上扫描出一条直线;在红外热像仪3内设置一条与激光扫描线2-1平行的红外测量线3-1,同时检测此处的线温温升曲线,检测最高值。 As shown in Figure 1, a laser 2 and an infrared thermal imager 3 are respectively arranged above the front of the test piece 1; a high-power laser beam is quickly scanned into a straight line on the front of the test piece; An infrared measurement line 3-1 parallel to the laser scanning line 2-1 is used to detect the line temperature rise curve here at the same time, and detect the highest value.

针对工件情况不同,其所需功率也不同,最根本的要求是要在1秒之内,使工件被扫描处温升最高要达到高于室温20-200℃,过低的温升会检测精度的下降,导致微小裂纹的漏检。 The required power is different for different workpiece conditions. The most fundamental requirement is to make the temperature rise of the scanned part of the workpiece reach a maximum of 20-200°C higher than room temperature within 1 second. Too low temperature rise will affect the detection accuracy. The drop, resulting in missed detection of micro-cracks.

当激光扫描线与测量线之间工件无裂纹时,其热传导良好均匀,其线温曲线温升均匀正常,当激光扫描线与测量线之间工件有裂纹时,由于热传导受阻,因此其线温曲线不再是一条直线,由于裂纹的阻碍,在其相对应的位置上,会出现低温点。如图2-14所示。将工件划分为若干条扫描线,先用激光束在工件上试扫描,然后在热像仪视窗里工件上扫描线后n毫米处设一条测量线,检测完第一条线后,工件移动m毫米,接着进行第二条扫描、测量,在整个工件检测过程中,激光器的扫描线和热像仪的测量线相对位置保持不变。依次扫描并检测各条线温并记载,连接各条线温低温点位置即可绘出工件裂纹检测图。测量线与扫描线之间的距离长,扫描次数少,效率高,视工件检测要求高低而定,一般也可先大距离粗检,发现线温异常后再细检,即缩短间距,在异常区重复检测。为防止有完全垂直与扫描线的裂纹漏检,需将工件旋转90度,再重复上述扫描检测过程即可。 When there is no crack in the workpiece between the laser scanning line and the measurement line, its heat conduction is good and uniform, and the temperature rise of its line temperature curve is uniform and normal. The curve is no longer a straight line, and due to the obstruction of the crack, there will be a low temperature point at its corresponding position. As shown in Figure 2-14. Divide the workpiece into several scanning lines, first use the laser beam to test scan on the workpiece, and then set a measurement line at n millimeters behind the scanning line on the workpiece in the thermal imager window, after the first line is detected, the workpiece moves m mm, followed by the second scan and measurement. During the entire workpiece detection process, the relative position of the scanning line of the laser and the measurement line of the thermal imager remains unchanged. Sequentially scan and detect the temperature of each line and record, connect the temperature and low temperature point of each line to draw the workpiece crack detection map. The distance between the measurement line and the scanning line is long, the number of scans is small, and the efficiency is high. It depends on the requirements of the workpiece inspection. Generally, a large distance can be inspected first, and then the line temperature is found to be abnormal. Zone duplication detection. In order to prevent missed detection of cracks that are completely perpendicular to the scanning line, the workpiece needs to be rotated 90 degrees, and then the above scanning detection process can be repeated.

线性温度测量是现有中高端热像仪普遍拥有的一项功能,一字线激光器是可以发射出一条均匀直线的激光器。本方法中激光器可采用一般激光器,也可采用大功率一字线激光器,一字线激光器与一般激光器发射一个点不同的是可以发射出一条均匀直线的激光器,无需扫描。热像仪一般需中高端热像仪,其实时热图帧频在30赫兹以上,帧频越高,像素越高,其检测精度越高。 Linear temperature measurement is a common function of existing mid-to-high-end thermal imagers, and a line laser is a laser that can emit a uniform straight line. In this method, the laser can be a general laser or a high-power one-line laser. The one-point-line laser is different from the general laser in that it can emit a uniform straight line without scanning. A thermal imager generally requires a mid-to-high-end thermal imager, and its real-time heat map frame rate is above 30 Hz. The higher the frame rate, the higher the pixels, and the higher the detection accuracy.

Claims (6)

1.扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法,其特征在于所述方法步骤如下: 1. The method for detecting superficial cracks of a workpiece by scanning heat conduction line temperature is characterized in that the steps of the method are as follows: 在待测试件正面上方分别设置有一激光器和红外热像仪;将一大功率激光束快速在试件正面上扫描出一条直线;在热像仪内设置一条与激光扫描线平行的测量线,同时检测此处的温升曲线,检测最高值,根据最高值判断激光扫描线与测量线之间工件是否有裂纹。 A laser and an infrared thermal imager are respectively arranged above the front of the test piece; a high-power laser beam is quickly scanned to form a straight line on the front of the test piece; a measurement line parallel to the laser scanning line is set in the thermal imager, and at the same time Detect the temperature rise curve here, detect the highest value, and judge whether there is a crack in the workpiece between the laser scanning line and the measuring line according to the highest value. 2.根据权利要求1所述的扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法,其特征在于所述激光器为一般激光器或一字线激光器。 2. The method for detecting superficial cracks of a workpiece by scanning heat conduction line temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser is a general laser or a line laser. 3.根据权利要求1所述的扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法,其特征在于所述热像仪为中高端热像仪,其实时热图帧频在30赫兹以上。 3. The method for detecting superficial cracks of a workpiece by scanning heat conduction line temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal imaging camera is a mid-to-high-end thermal imaging camera, and its real-time thermal image frame rate is above 30 Hz. 4.根据权利要求1所述的扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法,其特征在于所述检测过程中,将工件划分为若干条扫描线,依次扫描并检测各条线温并记载,连接各条线温低温点位置即可绘出工件裂纹检测图。 4. The method for detecting superficial cracks of a workpiece by scanning heat conduction line temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that in the detection process, the workpiece is divided into several scanning lines, and the temperature of each line is scanned and detected in sequence and recorded , connect the temperature and low temperature points of each line to draw the workpiece crack detection map. 5.根据权利要求4所述的扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法,其特征在于在整个工件检测过程中,激光器的扫描线和热像仪的测量线相对位置保持不变。 5. The method for detecting superficial cracks of a workpiece by scanning heat conduction line temperature according to claim 4, characterized in that the relative positions of the scanning line of the laser and the measuring line of the thermal imager remain unchanged during the entire detection process of the workpiece. 6.根据权利要求1或4所述的扫描式热传导线温检测工件浅表裂纹的方法,其特征在于所述工件裂纹缺陷判断方法如下:当激光扫描线与测量线之间工件无裂纹时,其线温曲线为一直线;当激光扫描线与测量线之间工件有裂纹时,其线温曲线不是一条直线,在裂纹相对应的位置上出现低温点。 6. The method for detecting superficial cracks of workpieces by scanning heat conduction line temperature according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the method for judging defects of workpiece cracks is as follows: when there is no crack in the workpiece between the laser scanning line and the measuring line, The line temperature curve is a straight line; when there is a crack in the workpiece between the laser scanning line and the measurement line, the line temperature curve is not a straight line, and a low temperature point appears at the position corresponding to the crack.
CN2013102935485A 2013-07-12 2013-07-12 Method for scanning type thermal conduction line temperature detection of workpiece shallow cracks Pending CN103383367A (en)

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CN103837493A (en) * 2014-03-14 2014-06-04 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司电力研究院 Combined overhead conductor defect detection method
CN105628739A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-06-01 黑龙江科技大学 Robot laser infrared nondestructive testing device for large workpiece and flaw detection method
CN109211974A (en) * 2018-08-07 2019-01-15 哈尔滨商业大学 Thermal insulation layer construction debonding defect pulsed femtosecond laser pumping infrared thermal wave detection device and method
CN110044963A (en) * 2019-04-22 2019-07-23 西安交通大学 A kind of hot grid scanning calorimeter imaging nondestructive inspection method
CN113916937A (en) * 2021-08-24 2022-01-11 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 Crack detection method, device, electronic device and storage medium

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103837493A (en) * 2014-03-14 2014-06-04 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司电力研究院 Combined overhead conductor defect detection method
CN103837493B (en) * 2014-03-14 2017-01-18 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司电力研究院 Combined overhead conductor defect detection method
CN105628739A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-06-01 黑龙江科技大学 Robot laser infrared nondestructive testing device for large workpiece and flaw detection method
CN109211974A (en) * 2018-08-07 2019-01-15 哈尔滨商业大学 Thermal insulation layer construction debonding defect pulsed femtosecond laser pumping infrared thermal wave detection device and method
CN110044963A (en) * 2019-04-22 2019-07-23 西安交通大学 A kind of hot grid scanning calorimeter imaging nondestructive inspection method
CN110044963B (en) * 2019-04-22 2021-01-19 西安交通大学 Thermal grid scanning thermal imaging nondestructive testing method
CN113916937A (en) * 2021-08-24 2022-01-11 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 Crack detection method, device, electronic device and storage medium

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Application publication date: 20131106