CN103344694A - Method for detecting crack defect of in-service strut porcelain insulator - Google Patents
Method for detecting crack defect of in-service strut porcelain insulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103344694A CN103344694A CN2013102865374A CN201310286537A CN103344694A CN 103344694 A CN103344694 A CN 103344694A CN 2013102865374 A CN2013102865374 A CN 2013102865374A CN 201310286537 A CN201310286537 A CN 201310286537A CN 103344694 A CN103344694 A CN 103344694A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting a crack defect of an in-service strut porcelain insulator, belonging to the technical field of online monitoring and condition-based maintenance of electrical equipment. The method comprises the following steps of: determining the quantity of to-be-measured points and selecting a measuring device according to the size of a tested element; measuring a potential value aiming at a frequently-broken part of the strut porcelain insulator; according to the potential value, calculating an axial component of an electric field intensity, drawing a curve diagram; according to the electric field curve diagram, locating a defect, analyzing the deterioration degree and obtaining a conclusion. According to the method, maintenance is carried out purposefully, the maintenance level can be improved so that equipment runs more safely and reliably; and the inventory level of replacement parts, and the cost required by replacing parts and maintaining the parts is reduced. The method is used as a new supplement of the online detection method for the strut porcelain insulator, thus the method of condition-based maintenance is perfected. The method has the advantages of high resolution, high sensitivity and the like for detecting cracks on the surface of the strut porcelain insulator, and can be widely applied to the detection of the strut porcelain insulator in high-voltage alternating-current and direct-current transmission and transformation projects.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method that detects at labour pillar porcelain insulator crack defect belongs to electrical equipment online monitoring and Condition-Based Maintenance Technology field.
Background technology
The outdoor pillar porcelain insulator of transformer station is the insulation column of supporting high voltage bus and High-Voltage Electrical Appliances live part, and it makes and mechanically is connected between electrified body and the grounding body and electric going up insulated, and is the important composition equipment of substation operation.Electric system power transmission and transformation device has all used pillar porcelain insulator in a large number.Pillar porcelain insulator is the ceramic that forms through high temperature sintering, belong to hard brittle material, toughness is extremely low, therefore often have the product problem of manufacturing qualities, as loose, the inside of inner ceramic material and surface crack etc., moreover the pillar porcelain insulator in the transformer station is exposed in the air throughout the year, bear than heavy load, working environment is very abominable, is subjected to external influence factor a lot, for example strong wind, sleet, icing, Exposure to Sunlight, bus vibration etc.If there is tiny flaw in pillar porcelain insulator, under the influence of above-mentioned factor, development of defects worsens just might cause the destruction of porcelain insulator, thereby leads to major accident.
Because the pillar porcelain insulator fracture accident often causes large tracts of land, the long-time power failure in case generation can make the middle segment distance of high voltage bus (or high voltage isolator) lose support, and change the pillar porcelain insulator more complicated again; Simultaneously, along with the increase of net capacity, large power plant, electric substation and high voltage large capcity AC and DC transmission line of electricity are increasing, and be also increasing by the loss that fracture accident causes.Obviously, along with developing rapidly of economic and production, environmental pollution constantly aggravates, and the climate change amplitude increases, and correspondingly the hidden danger of pillar porcelain insulator fracture can be aggravated to some extent, also can be huger in case have an accident the loss that causes.Simultaneously, fracture accident often involves many circuits and a plurality of transformer station, causes large-area power-cuts.Therefore, the pillar porcelain insulator fracture accident has become the serious threat of electric power netting safe running.The instant defect situation that accurately detects at the labour pillar porcelain insulator is avoided the generation of fracture accident, improves the transmission system reliability of operation, has become very important problem in UHV (ultra-high voltage), the high voltage power transmission and transforming technology.
Domestic and international online test method at pillar porcelain insulator mainly contains at present: infrared imaging method, ultraviolet imagery method, vibroacoustics method, supercritical ultrasonics technology.
(1) infrared imaging method.Infrared Thermography Technology is exactly that the Temperature Distribution of object to be detected is carried out imaging processing, makes its hot Two dimensional Distribution become two-dimentional visual image, and people can come according to the variation that thermal field distributes the performance quality of detected equipment is diagnosed.The advantage of infrared imaging detection method has: non-contact detecting, can carry out on ground or the aviation detection, and with respect to contact detection one by one, the thermal imagery detection method can detect efficient, safety to a plurality of insulator imagings.The shortcoming of the method has: instrument cost height; Observation angle problem (particularly evident in the transformer station); Be vulnerable to the influence of factors such as environment temperature, sunlight, atmosphere, moisture in the test process.
(2) ultraviolet imagery method.During pillar porcelain insulator generation deterioration, may cause local corona discharge.Because corona discharge can be launched the ultraviolet ray of wavelength coverage in 230～405nm scope, so the intensity of the optical radiation that produces during according to surface corona can be known the performance quality of insulator.The advantage of ultraviolet imagery detection method has: non-contact detecting, can carry out on ground or the aviation detection, and with respect to contact detection one by one, can detect efficient, safety to a plurality of insulator imagings.The shortcoming of the method has: instrument cost height, observation angle problem (particularly evident in the transformer station) is vulnerable to Effect of Environmental in the test process, can not react inherent vice well.In addition, because the top induced voltage height of pillar porcelain insulator, and end flanges intersection induced voltage is very low down, and crackle may be imbedded in nearly surface in the flange again, therefore can't utilize induced voltage to reach testing goal.
(3) vibroacoustics method.Any structure can be regarded the mechanical system of being made up of rigidity, quality, damping matrix as.Structure is in case appearance damages, and structural parameters also change thereupon, thereby cause the change of frequency response function and the modal parameter of system.Because every mechanical stress function of cylindrical device has identical independent variable with its intrinsic own vibration frequency, so the physical strength of support insulator and its frequency characteristic are closely related as can be known.Support insulator keep the basic norm of its physical strength be its characteristic frequency in time do not change speciality, so can determine to the reaction frequency spectrum of vibration sound wave whether support insulator damages by the assessment support insulator.But this method correlative study of support do not have to(for) the sensitivity that detects and accuracy at present, and the antijamming capability of using at the scene also remains further research.
(4) supercritical ultrasonics technology.At situations such as support insulator generation crackle or fractures, can adopt ultrasonic method to detecting at the labour porcelain insulator.Pillar porcelain insulator is the product that becomes through high temperature sintering, the porcelain densification, and sound translative performance and the velocity of sound and steel are approximate.Through actual measurement, the radially longitudinal wave velocity of pillar porcelain insulator is 5810m/s, and axially longitudinal wave velocity is 6100m/s, and transverse wave velocity is: 3400m/s.Pillar porcelain insulator is less to hyperacoustic decay, suits to select for use ultrasound wave to detect.Small angle longitudinal wave with climb the defects detecting technology that phase of wave is combined, can detect in labour pillar porcelain insulator surface and inherent vice, guarantee the validity and the reliability that detect.But it belongs to the local damage detection method, is subjected to the influence of operator's skill level and experience bigger, and other has the researcher to find, there is the phenomenon of erroneous judgement in ultrasound wave in the support insulator carrying out flaw detection.This mainly is because ultrasound wave is not absolute rectilinear propagation after entering porcelain body with low-angle, propagates but be spindle.Because probe distance porcelain sand is nearer, part ultrasound wave outer rim may run into the porcelain sand on the porcelain body, or the gap between porcelain sand and the porcelain sand, the reflection configuration of similar defect waves occurs, thereby makes spy the wounded think it is the insulator inherent vice by mistake.
Though therefore conventional detection has certain advantage, also there are a lot of shortcomings simultaneously, be not enough to finish the task that the high resolving power high-sensitivity detection goes out the pillar porcelain insulator defective.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for grid company provides method---the electric field method of a kind of detection at labour pillar porcelain insulator crack defect.This method has high resolving power, highly sensitive characteristics, can realize the Non-Destructive Testing at the labour pillar porcelain insulator.So that the grid company practical application is aim, be purpose with effective detection equipment defective, reduction breakdown loss and secondary loss, finally improve grid company repair based on condition of component efficient.
Electric field method is by detecting along the axial Electric Field Distribution of pillar porcelain insulator, and distributes relatively with normal electric field, detects the performance quality of insulator.
A kind of method that detects at labour pillar porcelain insulator crack defect,
(1) validity of electric field method
Electric field method can be applied to detect the surface crack defect of pillar porcelain insulator, and this utilizes Finite Element Method to provide the feasibility checking in methodology.The basis of Finite Element Method is variational principle and weighted residual method, its basic ideas are finding the solution the unit that the territory is separated into limited non-overlapping copies, in each unit, select some appropriate nodes as interpolation point, waiting to ask the dependent variable in the partial differential equation to be rewritten into the system of linear equations of forming according to the interpolating function of the value on the node, obtain required solution thereby can find the solution by suitable numerical method then.To the west of the outdoor solid core post insulator ZSW-126/6K-3 of porcelain company be example.Set up three-dimensional model as shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 is pillar porcelain insulator three-dimensional model synoptic diagram.
This three-dimensional power frequency electric field model satisfies formula (1), suitable power frequency electric field boundary condition is set carries out derivation.
According to the Non-Destructive Testing requirement to pillar porcelain insulator, must when being at a slow speed the crackle expansion area, crack growth rate detect.Be that nondestructive testing sensitivity must be found the minimum critical dimension under the most heavily stressed.According to the fracture process of the theoretical analysis pillar porcelain insulator of fracturing mechanics, the minimum critical dimension that can calculate this support insulator is about 5mm.Therefore at porcelain knob a degree of depth being set is 5mm, and width is the crackle of 1mm, comes its influence to Electric Field Distribution of comparison.Fig. 2 is that crackle is to the synoptic diagram that influences of insulation column outer Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, figure (a) is synoptic diagram in kind.Figure (b) is that electric field intensity is axial component (Electric Field Distribution) synoptic diagram apart from the 5mm place space electric field of insulation column full skirt outer.As can be seen from Figure 2, from along the whole Electric Field Distribution of insulation column on axially, crackle is very little for the influence near defective one side Electric Field Distribution.But from the partial analysis Electric Field Distribution, (Fig. 3 is that crackle is to local electric field effects synoptic diagram as shown in Figure 3, wherein, (a) near the porcelain knob surface crack of upper flange synoptic diagram in kind, be that the porcelain knob surface crack of (a) close upper flange is to local electric field effects (distribution map of the electric field) synoptic diagram (b); (c) be near the signal in kind of the porcelain knob surface crack of lower flange; (d) be (c) near the porcelain knob surface crack of lower flange to local electric field effects (Electric Field Distribution) synoptic diagram.Wherein, electric field intensity is the axial component of overstriking black line space electric field in the pictorial diagram among the figure.), to compare with electric field just often, cracks electric field intensity has tangible increase on the part.From simulated example, degree of depth of quantitative test is 5mm, and width is that the crackle of 1mm is 100%～200% to the distortion effects of internal field, and this influence can be measured.Can realize technically the internal field at accident position occurred frequently is measured, then this method will be effective for the detection at the labour pillar porcelain insulator.
(2) sensitivity of electric field method
Since electric field method can be applied to the detection of pillar porcelain insulator surface crack, the sensitivity of this method needs further to analyze so.Adopt artificial grooving to study the degree of depth of surface crack and width respectively to the situation that influences of electric field axial component, and adopt the artificial nearly surface pore of near surperficial ball-type pore analysis type defective to the influence of Electric Field Distribution.Consider that actual porcelain body crackle compares with artificial grooving, its opening is tiny, and crack tip is more tiny, and it is straight smooth also not have artificial grooving.The hole that forms in the product sintering process also with the very big difference that has of manual manufacture, the shape of actual hole is extremely complicated, is distributed with very big randomness.Therefore when on-the-spot method is used, need design and produce the series analog test block, as surperficial aging crack, sintering crack (on the base sample precrack sintering) again, and the porcelain body inherent vice etc.Measurement by to the electric field axial component of series analog test block comes resolution and the sensitivity of this method of verification.
When 1) the crackle width was 1mm, the degree of depth was respectively the series model of 1mm, 3mm, 5mm, carried out the result of simulation calculation as shown in Figure 4.Compare with the electric field of good insulation pillar, the aberration rate of cracks electric field (electric field value under aberration rate=(electric field value under the electric field distortion maximal value-good situations under the defect situation)/good situations all adopts the axial component of electric field intensity during calculating) is respectively 75%, 135%, 190%.Be that the more dark influence to Electric Field Distribution of crackle is more big, the also more easy crack defect that detects.(Fig. 4 is that crack depth is to the synoptic diagram that influences of Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value among the figure.）
2) crack depth is 1mm, when width is respectively 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, carries out the result of simulation calculation as shown in Figure 5.Compare with the electric field of good insulation pillar, the aberration rate of cracks electric field (electric field value under the electric field distortion maximal value/good situations under aberration rate=defect situation all adopts the axial component of electric field intensity during calculating) is respectively 150%, 116.67%, 108.33%, 75%.Be that the more little influence to Electric Field Distribution of crackle width is more big, the also more easy crack defect that detects.(Fig. 5 is that the crackle width is to the synoptic diagram that influences of Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value among the figure.）
3) the pore type defective on nearly surface, diameter is the ball-type hole of 2mm, the distance on distance surface is 0.5mm, 1mm respectively.The simulation analysis result compares with the electric field of good insulation pillar shown in Fig. 6 figure, the aberration rate of the electric field (electric field value under the electric field distortion maximal value/good situations under aberration rate=defect situation; All adopt the axial component of electric field intensity during calculating) be respectively 15.79%, can ignore.Show: electric field method only can detect the pore type defective on very close surface, but sensitivity is lower.(Fig. 6 is that nearly surface pore type defective is to the influence of Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value among the figure.）
(3) anti-interference of electric field method
Under the Fu Za power frequency electromagnetic field environment, realize the electric field method measurement at the scene, be easy to be interfered.Yet the electromagnetic field environment everywhere on the horizontal circumference of pillar porcelain insulator is basically identical, if choose measurement point at a horizontal circumference of porcelain knob, along axially carrying out synchro measure, and with final result relatively, then can eliminate the on-the-spot complicated interference of electromagnetic field.Simulation result is chosen the four measuring point at a horizontal circumference as shown in Figure 7, relatively can obviously judge the crack defect place of red line correspondence.(Fig. 7 is the realization schematic diagram of anti-interference.）
(4) performing step of electric field method
Also be not easy to realize that therefore at first pressing close to the insulation column surface at an end of measured zone fixes a grading ring owing to directly measure electric field, will be around of insulation column horizontal circumference equipotential and as with reference to current potential.Secondly, choose the number of measurement point.Be example with above-mentioned pillar porcelain insulator, calculate according to fracturing mechanics, the minimum critical flaw size of 110kV electric pressure lower supporting rod porcelain insulator: the degree of depth is 5mm, and can draw crack length is 56mm, the probe number should be 16 on the circumference so, could guarantee the measuring accuracy on the circumference.
Then, along the measurement of axially carrying out potential value, for guaranteeing measuring accuracy, can select the high-frequency counter for use, for example step value is 0.1mm even littler, records relative potential value.Need to prove, when measuring potential value, need use mutual inductor.At last, calculate the axial component value of electric field intensity according to the potential value of record, draw out curve.Can position defective according to electric field axial component curve map, and degradation is judged, reach a conclusion.Concrete performing step is as shown in Figure 8.
A kind of method that detects at labour pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, this method step is:
(1) according to the detected element size, determines to measure and count, selected measurement mechanism;
(2) at the fracture of pillar porcelain insulator position occurred frequently (as lower flange between first full skirt), carry out potential value and measure;
(3) according to potential value, calculate the axial component of electric field intensity, and draw out the curve picture group;
(4) according to electric field curve figure, defective is positioned; Analyze degradation; Reach a conclusion.
The effect of invention: electric field method is as a kind of online test method of new pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, detection for the pillar porcelain insulator surface crack has advantages such as high resolving power, high sensitivity, and the pillar porcelain insulator that can be widely used in the AC and DC project of transmitting and converting electricity of high pressure, extra-high voltage detects.
This method is replenished as the new of pillar porcelain insulator online test method, the perfect method mechanism of repair based on condition of component.Have the following advantages:
(1) on purpose keeps in repair, can improve the maintenance level, equipment is run more secure, reliable;
(2) reduce the tank farm stock of spare part, and change parts and the required expense of maintenance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is pillar porcelain insulator three-dimensional model synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that crackle is to the synoptic diagram that influences of insulation column outer Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, figure (a) is synoptic diagram in kind.Figure (b) is that electric field intensity is axial component (Electric Field Distribution) synoptic diagram apart from the 5mm place space electric field of insulation column full skirt outer.
Fig. 3 be crackle to local electric field effects synoptic diagram, wherein, (a) near the porcelain knob surface crack of upper flange synoptic diagram in kind, be that the porcelain knob surface crack of (a) close upper flange is to local electric field effects (distribution map of the electric field) synoptic diagram (b); (c) be near the signal in kind of the porcelain knob surface crack of lower flange; (d) be (c) near the porcelain knob surface crack of lower flange to local electric field effects (Electric Field Distribution) synoptic diagram.Wherein, electric field intensity is the axial component of overstriking black line space electric field in the pictorial diagram among the figure.
Fig. 4 is that crack depth is to the synoptic diagram that influences of Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value among the figure.
Fig. 5 is that the crackle width is to the synoptic diagram that influences of Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value among the figure.
Fig. 6 is that nearly surface pore type defective is to the influence of Electric Field Distribution.Wherein, electric field intensity is axial component numerical value among the figure.
Fig. 7 is the realization schematic diagram of anti-interference.
Fig. 8 is flow chart of steps of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram data of embodiment 1.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram data of embodiment 2.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Fig. 8 is flow chart of steps of the present invention.A kind of method that detects at labour pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, this method step is:
(1) according to the detected element size, determines to measure and count, selected measurement mechanism;
(2) at the fracture of pillar porcelain insulator position occurred frequently (as lower flange between first full skirt), carry out potential value and measure;
(3) according to potential value, calculate the axial component of electric field intensity, and draw out the curve picture group;
(4) according to electric field curve figure, defective is positioned; Analyze degradation; Reach a conclusion.
[embodiment 1]
A kind of method that detects at labour pillar porcelain insulator crack defect is pressed close to the insulation column surface at an end of measured zone and is fixed a grading ring, will be around of insulation column horizontal circumference equipotential and as with reference to current potential.This method using electric field method principle detects the surface crack defect of high-voltage strut porcelain insulator, and present case detects the 110kV pillar porcelain insulator that supports high voltage bus in the transformer station, mainly is the detection on the porcelain knob surface between lower flange and first full skirt.Method step is as follows:
(1) according to the detected element size, the measurement of 110kV pillar porcelain insulator is counted, and namely the probe number is 16; Select for use the electric resistance partial pressure lever apparatus to carry out potential measurement.
(2) 16 probes are axially measured along the porcelain knob surface, draw porcelain knob surface above earth potential value, record data.
(3) according to the potential data that measures, calculate along the axial component value of the space electric field on porcelain knob surface;
(4) draw the Electric Field Distribution curve as shown in Figure 9, Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram data of embodiment 1, and wherein one group of electric field data distortion is serious, and other data are roughly similar, therefore only represent with two curves in the drawings.Can judge from figure to draw that crack position is at distance lower flange 5mm place, the electric field distortion rate surpasses 200%, should give a warning, and in time this pillar porcelain insulator is carried out fault handling.
[embodiment 2]
A kind of method that detects at labour pillar porcelain insulator crack defect, this method is pressed close to the insulation column surface at an end of measured zone and is fixed a grading ring, will be around of insulation column horizontal circumference equipotential and as with reference to current potential.This method using electric field method principle detects the surface crack defect of high-voltage strut porcelain insulator, and present case detects the 110kV pillar porcelain insulator that supports high voltage bus in the transformer station, mainly is the detection on the porcelain knob surface between lower flange and first full skirt.Detect step shown in embodiment 1, draw out the Electric Field Distribution curve at last as shown in figure 10, Figure 10 is the schematic diagram data of embodiment 2, represents with two curves equally.Judgement draws, and is no more than 30% in the aberration rate of the electric field at distance lower flange 20mm place, does not belong to major defect, there is no need to make emergency processing, but should shorten it is detected sense cycle.
The present invention has advantages such as high resolving power, high sensitivity for the detection of pillar porcelain insulator surface crack, and the pillar porcelain insulator that can be widely used in the AC and DC project of transmitting and converting electricity of high pressure, extra-high voltage detects.The present invention replenishes as the new of pillar porcelain insulator online test method, the perfect method mechanism of repair based on condition of component, and have advantage: on purpose keep in repair (1), can improve the maintenance level, and equipment is run more secure, reliable; (2) reduce the tank farm stock of spare part, and change parts and the required expense of maintenance.
Claims (1)
1. a detection is characterized in that in the method for labour pillar porcelain insulator crack defect this method is pressed close to the insulation column surface at an end of measured zone and fixed a grading ring, will be around of insulation column horizontal circumference equipotential and as with reference to current potential,
This method step is:
(1) according to the detected element size, determines to measure and count, selected measurement mechanism;
(2) at the fracture of pillar porcelain insulator position occurred frequently, carry out potential value and measure;
(3) according to potential value, calculate the axial component of electric field intensity, and draw out the curve picture group;
(4) according to electric field curve figure, defective is positioned; Analyze degradation; Reach a conclusion.
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| CN104165932A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-11-26 | 国家电网公司 | General supporting base of test assisting device for vibration acoustical detection of 750kV strut porcelain insulators and test method |
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| CN103605981A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-02-26 | 国家电网公司 | Insulator defect identification method based on image identification |
| CN104165932A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-11-26 | 国家电网公司 | General supporting base of test assisting device for vibration acoustical detection of 750kV strut porcelain insulators and test method |
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| CN112765842A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-07 | 西安理工大学 | Optimization design method for combined insulator voltage-sharing structure |
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