A kind of hybridized prussian carp special compound feed and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fodder, relate to a kind of used for aquiculture mixed feed, particularly a kind of hybridized prussian carp special compound feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Hybridized prussian carp (
Carassius auratus gibelio) be to utilize natural gynogenetic upright silvery white to be female parent, be male parent with the red carp of making the country prosperous, the filial generation of cultivating by artificial induction's gynogenesis.Has good hybrid vigour, effect of increasing production is obvious, and fine and tender taste, nutritious, and dried up time-to-live is long, feeding habits are wide, strong stress resistance, raise easily, adaptability is strong, survival rate is high, growth is fast, characteristics such as individuality is big, breeding cycle is short demonstrate the good and economic shape in breeding production.The whole nation oneself have 30 surplus provinces introduce and cultured hybridized prussian carp, 2012 different, and to educate silvery white be that cultured output reaches about 230. 6 ten thousand tons, become the principal item of China pond, cage culture, it is one of large freshwater fish of China, the economic benefit highly significant is welcome by raiser and consumer deeply.But along with the continuous expansion of the scale of breed, disease more and more (especially Yancheng, Jiangsu one bands) has restricted the breed of this kind in the breed.The fulminant hemorrhage, it is a kind of widely popular, bigger a kind of infectious disease of harm during hybridized prussian carp is propagated artificially in recent years, now confirm, this sick cause of disease is Aeromonas hydrophila, and clinical symptoms show as the solely trip of ill fish body come-up, and vigor is relatively poor, slow in reacting when frightened, food ration descends or stops eating, and the oral cavity of sick fish, last lower jaw, eye socket, the gill cover, fin ray all have hyperemia in various degree, and lesions position takes on a red color or grey violet color spot shape.Fulminant hemorrhage harm object mainly is above fish body in 1 age, and epidemic season is generally the 4-10 month, and wherein the 6-9 month is the morbidity Sheng phase.Under high density, intensive culture condition (particularly the pond is angled in the specialty trip), this disease takes place particularly frequent, and it infects fast, death rate height (reaching about 80%), sterilizations such as raiser's external application strong chlorine oil, bleaching powder usually, antibiotic therapy for oral administration.Infect the quality that the red skin disease that causes also influences hybridized prussian carp owing to putting the injured timely treatment of fingerling macrura reevesii body and epizoon in a suitable place to breed in addition.Therefore under batch production, highdensity cultivating condition, how to improve the immunity of hybridized prussian carp self, in breeding production, have positive meaning.
Therefore, the research of disease prevention and cure is task of top priority, and exploitation is fit to the mixed feed of hybridized prussian carp, reduce sufferer on the one hand, reduce and culture risk, on the other hand, save production cost, with maximized acquisition economic benefit, this be guarantee hybridized prussian carp culture continue, one of the key of stable development.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem that exists in the existing hybridized prussian carp breed, the present invention aims to provide a kind of hybridized prussian carp special compound feed and preparation method thereof.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention adopts following technological means:
A kind of hybridized prussian carp special compound feed is characterized in that, is made by the raw material of following weight percentage: dregs of beans 20 ~ 25%, rapeseed dregs 15-20%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 10 ~ 15%, fish meal 5-10%, inferior powder 20 ~ 30%, fish oil 3 ~ 6%, wheat bran 5 ~ 15%, fish trace mineral supplement 1%, fish B B-complex 0.3%, the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive 0.7% of hybridized prussian carp, the weight percentage sum of above-mentioned each raw material is 100%.
The special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive of wherein said hybridized prussian carp is made by the raw material of following weight portion: 8 parts of phoenix-tail ferns, 4 parts of oriental wormwoods, 3 parts of the capsules of weeping forsythia, 9 parts in garlic, 2 parts of the reds sage root, 4 parts of myrobalans, 4 parts of folium isatidis, 3 parts of the Radixs Astragali, 15 parts of corn protein powders.The preparation method of the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive of described hybridized prussian carp is: take by weighing each raw material by weight, at first eight kinds of Chinese medicines such as phoenix-tail fern, oriental wormwood, the capsule of weeping forsythia, garlic, the red sage root, myrobalan, folium isatidis and the Radix Astragali etc. that take by weighing are mixed and be crushed to about about 40-60 order, then pulverizing is obtained herb powder and mix with the carrier that takes by weighing, stir the back packing namely.
Preferably, made by the raw material of following weight percentage: dregs of beans 22%, rapeseed dregs 18%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 12%, fish meal 8%, inferior powder 25%, fish oil 4%, wheat bran 9%, fish trace mineral supplement 1%, fish B B-complex 0.3%, the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive 0.7% of hybridized prussian carp.
All right, preferably, made by the raw material of following weight percentage: dregs of beans 25%, rapeseed dregs 15%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 15%, fish meal 5%, inferior powder 24%, fish oil 6%, wheat bran 8%, fish trace mineral supplement 1%, fish B B-complex 0.3%, the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive 0.7% of hybridized prussian carp.
The preparation method of hybridized prussian carp special compound feed of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) percentage composition takes by weighing each raw material by weight, and dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, the cottonseed dregs of rice, fish meal, inferior powder, wheat bran, fish are mixed with B B-complex and the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive of hybridized prussian carp with trace mineral supplement, fish, forms compound;
(2) above-mentioned compound is pulverized;
(3) carry out expanded granulation after the modulation of the material after will pulverizing;
(4) with the oven dry of the particle after the expanded granulation, cooling, screening;
(5) fish oil that takes by weighing is sprayed on the qualified particle after the screening, finished product packing namely obtains hybridized prussian carp special compound feed of the present invention.
Hybridized prussian carp special compound feed of the present invention has following advantage and beneficial effect:
At first, the present invention is according to the nutritional need in hybridized prussian carp growth characteristic and the growth and development process, selected dregs of beans for use, rapeseed dregs, the cottonseed dregs of rice, fish meal, fish oil, wheat bran, the fish trace mineral supplement, fish is raw material with B B-complex and the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive of hybridized prussian carp, draw best proportioning through repetition test, it is the maximized nutritional need that satisfies hybridized prussian carp of energy on the one hand, promote the growth of hybridized prussian carp, on the other hand, it has stopped wasting phenomenons such as overnutrition, avoid overnutrition to cause the generation of water body eutrophication, and reduced production cost effectively.
Secondly, among the present invention according to the growth characteristic of hybridized prussian carp, easy ill disease and the custom of searching for food, add the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive of homemade hybridized prussian carp and mainly selected natural, safe medicinal herb components for use, follow the preparation principle of " monarch ", kind and the optimum amount of Chinese herbal medicine have finally been determined through repetition test and checking, feasible wherein Synergistic between the various traditional Chinese medicine ingredients is mutually promoted, and has reached fabulous growth promotion, the technique effect of immune, the pre-disease prevention of raising.Wherein selected phoenix-tail fern has another name called well head and connects grass, pheasant tail, and herb contains plurality of active ingredients such as flavonoids, sterol, has effect clearing heat and detoxicating, detumescence hemostasis, has good reparation effect for the damage of gill portion, can effectively suppress the generation of gill portion infection; Oriental wormwood has heat-clearing and moves back wet effect, and it has the good restraining effect for dermopathic pathogenicity der Pilz, and it is used for that hybridized prussian carp can prevent other courses of infection of fulminant hemorrhage and the generation that causes comprehensive infection; The capsule of weeping forsythia has effect clearing heat and detoxicating, mass dissipating and swelling eliminating, and Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, streptococcus and Aeromonas are had good bacteriostasis; Allicin in the garlic is the good sterilization agent, has very strong antibacterial action, and it is cured the disease extensively, share with phoenix-tail fern, the capsule of weeping forsythia, can suppress the generation that Aeromonas infects effectively; The red sage root has the effect of calming heart and tranquilizing mind, promoting blood circulation, and it has certain bacteriostasis for pathomycete and comma bacillus; The myrobalan, fruit for combretaceae plant terminalia chebula Retz, contain myrobalani-tannin about 30 ~ 41%, has antibacterial action, stronger for various shigella dysenteriaes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, corynebacterium diphtheriae inhibitory action, staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, pneumococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, proteus, bacillus typhi murium, Aeromonas hydrophila etc. there are good bacteriostasis; That folium isatidis has is clearing heat and detoxicating, the effect of cooling blood and hemostasis, also has certain bacteriostasis, and it has certain therapeutic action for the fulminant hemorrhage; The Radix Astragali has the effect that benefit is defended solid table, inducing diuresis for removing edema, can strengthen the immunity of animal effectively.
Adopt hybridized prussian carp special compound feed of the present invention can improve the economic benefit that hybridized prussian carp is cultured significantly, it can significantly reduce the generation of disease in the hybridized prussian carp breeding process, the particularly generation of explosive hemorrhage, survival rate improves 11-13%, promote the growth of hybridized prussian carp, and can improve the hybridized prussian carp quality.And cost of material used in the present invention is all lower, and production and use cost are all relatively low, are conducive to save cost.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of hybridized prussian carp special compound feed, raw material by following weight percentage is made: dregs of beans 22%, rapeseed dregs 18%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 12%, fish meal 8%, inferior powder 25%, fish oil 4%, wheat bran 9%, fish trace mineral supplement 1%, fish B B-complex 0.3%, the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive 0.7% of hybridized prussian carp.
The special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive of wherein said hybridized prussian carp is made by the raw material of following weight portion: 8 parts of phoenix-tail ferns, 4 parts of oriental wormwoods, 3 parts of the capsules of weeping forsythia, 9 parts in garlic, 2 parts of the reds sage root, 4 parts of myrobalans, 4 parts of folium isatidis, 3 parts of the Radixs Astragali, 15 parts of corn protein powders.The preparation method of the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive of described hybridized prussian carp is: take by weighing each raw material by weight, at first eight kinds of Chinese medicines such as phoenix-tail fern, oriental wormwood, the capsule of weeping forsythia, garlic, the red sage root, myrobalan, folium isatidis and the Radix Astragali etc. that take by weighing are mixed and be crushed to about about 40-60 order, then pulverizing is obtained herb powder and mix with the carrier that takes by weighing, stir the back packing namely.
The preparation method of described hybridized prussian carp special compound feed comprises the steps:
(1) percentage composition takes by weighing each raw material by weight, and dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, the cottonseed dregs of rice, fish meal, inferior powder, wheat bran, fish are mixed with B B-complex and the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive of hybridized prussian carp with trace mineral supplement, fish, forms compound;
(2) above-mentioned compound is pulverized;
(3) carry out expanded granulation after the modulation of the material after will pulverizing;
(4) with the oven dry of the particle after the expanded granulation, cooling, screening;
(5) fish oil that takes by weighing is sprayed on the qualified particle after the screening, finished product packing namely obtains hybridized prussian carp special compound feed of the present invention.
Embodiment 2: a kind of hybridized prussian carp special compound feed, raw material by following weight percentage is made: dregs of beans 25%, rapeseed dregs 15%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 15%, fish meal 5%, inferior powder 24%, fish oil 6%, wheat bran 8%, fish trace mineral supplement 1%, fish B B-complex 0.3%, the special-purpose Chinese herbal feed additive 0.7% of hybridized prussian carp.All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: the animal-breeding test
In hybridized prussian carp cultivation base, Dafeng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu, choose the hybridized prussian carp of 10 casees cage cultures for raising object, cage size is 1.5 meters of 4 meters * of 2 meters *, 3 centimetres of meshes, the hybridized prussian carp of every case fry 1000 tails about 1 age, for the same batch of same a collection of fry of putting in a suitable place to breed, be divided into 5 groups, adopt identical aquaculture model to manage.Wherein organize 1 and be control group, adopt commercially available hybridized prussian carp to raise with mixed feed; Group 2-3 is experimental group, adopts the embodiment of the invention 1,2 hybridized prussian carp special compound feed to raise; Group 4-5 is the contrast test group, adopts following comparative experimental example 1,2 mixed feed to feed, and records the growing state in average survival rate and the breeding process, and concrete outcome sees the following form 1:
Table 1: hybridized prussian carp growing state record sheet
Group |
The feed of throwing something and feeding |
Survival rate |
Growing state |
Group 1 |
Commercially available hybridized prussian carp mixed feed |
79.02% |
Occur scale fulminant hemorrhage during this time, obtain local control after the administration of antibiotics, cause more fry death, final individuality is minimum relatively |
Group 2 |
Embodiment 1 |
91.65% |
Do not see that during this time the scale infection takes place, rare fry death, final individuality is maximum relatively |
Group 3 |
Embodiment 2 |
89.25% |
Do not see that during this time the scale infection takes place, rare fry death, final individual relatively large |
Group 4 |
Comparative experimental example 1
a |
77.25% |
Occur small-scale fulminant hemorrhage during this time, cause the death of part fry, use controlled, the disappearance of feed postoperative infection of group 2 |
Group 5 |
Comparative experimental example 2
b |
84.22% |
Occur small-scale bacterial infection illness during this time, cause the death of part fry |
A. contrast experiment's example 1: a kind of mixed feed, made by the raw material of following weight percentage: dregs of beans 22.7%, rapeseed dregs 18%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 12%, fish meal 8%, inferior powder 25%, fish oil 4%, wheat bran 9%, fish trace mineral supplement 1%, fish B B-complex 0.3%.The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
B. comparative experimental example 2: a kind of mixed feed, made by the raw material of following weight percentage: dregs of beans 22%, rapeseed dregs 18%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 12%, fish meal 8%, inferior powder 25%, fish oil 4%, wheat bran 9%, fish trace mineral supplement 1%, fish B B-complex 0.3%, Chinese herbal feed additive 0.7%.Wherein said Chinese herbal feed additive is made by the raw material of following weight portion: 3 parts of phoenix-tail ferns, 5 parts of oriental wormwoods, 5 parts of the reds sage root, 1 part of myrobalan, 1 part of folium isatidis, 7 parts of the Radixs Astragali, 13 parts in carrier.The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Shown by above animal feeding experiment result, hybridized prussian carp special compound feed involved in the present invention can effectively prevent the generation of germ in the hybridized prussian carp breeding process, virus infections illness, the particularly generation of fulminant hemorrhage and red skin disease, its dominant mechanism is to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the water, improve hybridized prussian carp simultaneously to the resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and in the process of feeding, also find, for the hybridized prussian carp at the susceptible initial stage hybridized prussian carp special compound feed of the present invention of throwing something and feeding, it can play certain therapeutic action.And under the identical situation of other conditions, the speed of growth tool of the hybridized prussian carp of the hybridized prussian carp special compound feed of the present invention of feeding has greatly improved, and individual average body is kept burning day and night to be shown greater than contrast and contrast test group.And feed behind the hybridized prussian carp special compound feed of the present invention, the immunocompetence of hybridized prussian carp increases, and has improved the survival rate of hybridized prussian carp.
In large-scale cultivation field, ground breeding process such as Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, hybridized prussian carp special compound feed of the present invention has also been obtained similar effect, and the culture benefit in every mu of waters has improved about 17%.
Raw material of the present invention all can be bought from the market.More than disclosed be specific embodiments of the invention only, but the present invention is not limited thereto, any those skilled in the art can think variation, all should drop within protection scope of the present invention.