CN103328833A - 固定元件 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
- F16B13/08—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于锚固在钻孔中的固定元件(1),具有柄部(2)和扩张元件(3),用于使扩张元件(3)扩张的扩张体(8)安置于柄部(2)上。扩张元件(3)具有多个弧形的扩张凸出部(11),每一个扩张凸出部(11)由两个通过轭(15)连接的桥接部(14)构成。扩张凸出部(11)的桥接部(14)共同张紧扩张元件(3)的外壳面(M),外壳面(M)相对于固定元件(1)的纵轴(A)旋转对称。为了提供既可用于宽钻孔又可用于窄钻孔的固定元件(1),本发明规定,轭(15)具有弧形拱顶(17),其在径向(R)上伸出外壳面(M)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分特征的固定元件。
背景技术
文献DE4011229A1公开了这样一种用于锚固在钻孔中的固定元件。该文献中所述的固定元件尤其适用于在负荷承载结构上固定板状构件例如大理石板。固定元件被构造为底切锚固件,具有柄部和扩张元件。在柄部插入侧的前端,安置有直径扩展的扩张体,扩张元件利用该扩张体可扩张开。此外,柄部在后部具有负荷作用部件。扩张元件由线材线环构成,具有在扩张体的方向上向前弯曲的弧形扩张凸出部,该扩张凸出部具有两个桥接部,它们通过U形轭在前端连接。U形轭在未扩张的状态下倚靠在扩张体上。此外,在固定元件的柄部安置有压紧套筒。如果压紧套筒在锥形扩张体的方向上沿着轴向顺着柄部移动,则压紧套筒将扩张元件压到在插入方向上扩展的扩张体上,由此使得扩张凸出部这样扩张,以致其至少部分地填充钻孔的底切部。通过扩张凸出部的扩张,固定元件形状锁合地锚固在钻孔中。
为了制造钻孔,使用根据磨损程度形成较宽或较窄钻孔的钻孔工具。在形成较宽的钻孔时,已知的固定元件会出现这种情况,即,扩张元件不完全与扩张体和钻孔壁之间的空间搭接,从而使固定元件无法在钻孔中固定就位。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务在于,提供一种钻孔工具的公差不起决定性作用的固定元件。
根据本发明,该任务由具有权利要求1特征的固定元件解决。用于锚固在钻孔中的本发明固定元件包括柄部和扩张元件。柄部上安置有用于使扩张元件扩张的扩张体。柄部尤其构造为锥形螺栓,具有锥形的尤其是截锥形的扩张体,其在插入方向上扩展并安置在柄部插入侧的前端。一般来说,柄部还具有例如是螺纹的负荷作用部件。扩张元件通常构造为套筒形,“套筒形”即意味着,扩张元件在圆周方向上基本包围住柄部。尤其是,扩张元件是在圆周方向上封闭的套筒。“插入方向”或“插入侧”指的是固定元件导入钻孔的方向或侧端。扩张元件具有多个弧形的扩张凸出部,其中每一个扩张凸出部由两个通过轭连接的桥接部构成。尤其是,扩张凸出部的桥接部和轭为薄壁和/或线形构造。扩张凸出部的桥接部共同产生扩张元件的外壳面,其相对于固定元件的纵轴旋转对称。换句话说,桥接部倚靠在相对于纵轴旋转对称的主体尤其是柱体或锥体的外壳面上。
本发明固定元件的特征在于,一个或多个扩张凸出部的轭的特定构造。根据本发明,至少一个扩张凸出部的轭具有拱顶,其在径向上伸出外壳面。这样一来,轭的径向范围大于轭在径向上的材料厚度,由此实现了:轭区域内扩张凸出部的一部分在扩张状态下进一步地伸进插入了固定元件的钻孔中。因此,即便在较宽的钻孔中,扩张凸出部也能与钻孔壁和扩张体之间的空间搭接,从而使固定元件在钻孔中固定就位。
在本发明固定元件的一优选构型中,轭构成扩张凸出部的前端。因此,轭在扩张凸出部扩张时在径向上距离锚固件的纵轴最远并且在钻孔壁的方向上最远地移动。优选的是,弧形拱顶的顶点远离扩张体径向向外。拱顶的顶点作为轭的第一部分贴靠在钻孔壁上。与之相反,拱顶向内带来的优点是,扩张力较小。同样,优选的是,弧形拱顶基本上在圆周方向上延伸。尤其是,拱顶单轴且桥形地在圆周方向上延展。弧形拱顶基本上在圆周方向上延伸且顶点径向向外,这样,通过从后面咬住钻孔壁的不平整处,采取提高扩张元件与钻孔壁之间的摩擦的齿或肋的方式,拱顶充当表面粗糙元件。
在本发明固定元件的另一优选构型中,拱顶在径向上因其几何结构用作弹簧。如果拱顶例如基本上呈桥状地在某一方向例如圆周方向上延伸,则拱顶用作片簧。当拱顶在径向上用作弹簧时,优点在于,轭在扩张时与钻孔的大小和形状相配合。如果轭仅仅是通过材料增厚或实体冲压与宽钻孔的大小配合,则当固定元件完全扩张时,轭在窄钻孔中会产生额外的不理想的扩张力。通过拱顶作为弹簧的几何结构,能以较小的力实现配合。弹簧在窄孔中径向压紧,不会产生显著大小的扩张力。尤其是在轭的横截面小时,例如在其构造为线形时,拱顶相对弹性且容易地变形,这样拱顶即便在力较小时也能在径向上用作弹簧。
在本发明固定元件的又一优选构型中,扩张凸出部被构造成在其自由端的方向上变窄。尤其是,与桥接部连接的轭为U形或V形且构成扩张凸出部的插入侧前端。如此做的优点是,扩张凸出部在触靠钻孔壁时更易变形,这样一来,通过固定元件在钻孔壁中的定位可能产生的应力尤其会在扩张凸出部压靠到钻孔底部上时减小。
同样优选的是,本发明固定元件的扩张元件在其插入方向上的后端具有封闭的环形基体,扩张凸出部在插入侧安置于其上。封闭基体确保了:扩张元件即便在负荷较高时也不会牵拉到扩张体上且固定元件得以可靠地锚固。
优选的是,本发明固定元件的扩张元件是冲压件尤其是冲压弯曲件,其由金属制成。这使得扩张元件和本发明固定元件的制造简单而且低廉。
附图说明
下面结合附图中示出的实施例对本发明进行详细说明,其中:
图1示出了本发明固定元件未扩张状态下的透视图;
图2示出了固定元件的局剖图。
具体实施方式
图中示出了未扩张状态下的本发明固定元件1,如进入未示出钻孔的插入方向E所插入的一样。插入方向E与固定元件1的纵轴A平行。固定元件1被构造为底切锚固件,以锚固在未示出的底切钻孔中。固定元件1由柄部2、扩张元件3以及压紧套筒4构成。
柄部2是锥形螺栓,具有柱形部5和在插入侧与之连接的锥形部6,锥形部6的直径在插入方向E增大。锥形部6构成扩张体8,其为截锥形且构成柄部2的前端。当其在插入方向E上推动到锥形部6上时,扩张元件3通过扩张体8扩张。柱形部5具有外螺纹形状的负荷作用部件7。负荷作用部件7例如用于将固定元件1固定在同样未示出的负荷承载结构上。
扩张元件3在其后端具有环形基体10,其作为封闭套筒环形地包围住柄部2的柱形部5。四个扩张凸出部11在插入侧布置在基体10上,它们在圆周方向上通过间隙12彼此隔开。这些扩张凸出部11各具有形状为所有侧都封闭的通孔的开口13,其几乎处于对应的扩张凸出部11的中央位置。因此,扩张凸出部11为弧形,其中,一个扩张凸出部11由两个桥接部14和一个U形轭15构成,轭15将两个桥接部14彼此连接。轭15构成扩张凸出部11的前端,由于轭15为U形构造,扩张凸出部11在其前端的方向上变窄。
扩张凸出部11的桥接部14共同张紧扩张元件3的外壳面M,该外壳面M 相对于固定元件1的纵轴A旋转对称且为圆锥形。换句话说,桥接部14位于相对于纵轴旋转对称的主体的外壳面M上。轭15具有弧形拱顶17,其在径向R上伸出外壳面M且基本单轴地沿圆周方向延伸。拱顶17的顶点18在径向R上远离扩张体8向外。向外伸出的拱顶17在径向上充当片簧,其可补偿钻孔宽度上的公差。在拱顶17的区域,轭15的径向范围大于轭15的材料厚度,这样拱顶17的顶点18即便在钻孔较宽时也贴靠在钻孔壁上。反过来,如果钻孔较窄,片簧状的拱顶17则在径向上压紧,因而扩张元件3即便在钻孔窄时也能按计划地移动到扩张体8上,不会在钻孔壁的材料中产生不理想的大的强制力。尤其由于轭15的线状构造,拱顶较容易地在径向上压缩。“线状”在这里意味着,轭15具有这样的横截面,其尺寸相对于轭15在圆周方向上的范围相对小。在图中所示的本发明固定元件的情况下,轭15在圆周方向上的范围Aj与轭15在径向R上的材料厚度dj所成的比例约为2.5/1。
压紧套筒4构造为中空柱形体。在此情况下,构造为柱形孔16的空腔的内径基本对应于柄部2的柱形部5的外径。如果压紧套筒4通过例如由未示出的击入装置施加的轴向力在插入方向E上移动,则压紧套筒4将扩张元件3压到扩张体8上,从而使扩张凸出部11在径向R上扩张。
固定元件1具有防转装置,因此,在固定元件1插入钻孔并扩张的情况下,可将未示出的螺母旋到构造为外螺纹的负荷作用部件7上,而不会让固定元件1也在钻孔中转动。扩张体8的锥形部6上的鼻状隆起部9用作防转装置的第一部分。间隙12和扩张凸出部11构成防转装置的其它部分,鼻状隆起部9在未示出的扩张状态下贴靠在扩张凸出部11上。防转装置通过扩张的扩张元件3藉由摩擦连接将由螺母施加的转矩传递到未示出的钻孔壁上。由于本发明固定元件1的扩张元件3因拱顶17而紧靠在钻孔壁上,可靠防止了固定元件1在钻孔中的转动。
固定元件1的扩张元件3由金属制成为冲压弯曲件。柄部2同样由金属制成并通过冷成形低廉地制造。反之,压紧套筒4由纤维增强塑料制成并利用注塑方法制造。本发明的固定元件制造低廉且因其结构得以有效、简单地安装。
附图标记一览表
1 固定元件
2 柄部
3 扩张元件
4 压紧套筒
5 圆柱形部
6 锥形部
7 负荷作用部件
8 扩张体
9 鼻状隆起部
10 基体
11 扩张凸出部
12 间隙
13 开口
14 桥接部
15 轭
16 孔
17 拱顶
18 拱顶17的顶点
E 插入方向
A 纵轴
R 径向
Aj 轭15圆周方向上的范围
dj 轭15径向R上的材料厚度
M 外壳面。
Claims (8)
1. 一种用于锚固在钻孔中的固定元件(1),具有柄部(2)和扩张元件(3),
其中,用于使扩张元件(3)扩张的扩张体(8)安置于柄部(2)上,扩张元件(3)具有多个弧形的扩张凸出部(11),每一个扩张凸出部(11)由两个通过轭(15)连接的桥接部(14)构成,扩张凸出部(11)的桥接部(14)共同张紧扩张元件(3)的外壳面(M),外壳面(M)相对于固定元件(1)的纵轴(A)旋转对称,其特征在于,至少一个扩张凸出部(11)的轭(15)具有弧形拱顶(17),其在径向(R)上伸出外壳面(M)。
2. 如权利要求1所述的固定元件,其特征在于,轭(15)构成扩张凸出部(11)的前端。
3. 如权利要求1或2所述的固定元件,其特征在于,弧形拱顶(17)的顶点(18)远离扩张体(8)径向向外。
4. 如权利要求1至3之一所述的固定元件,其特征在于,弧形拱顶(17)基本上在圆周方向上延伸。
5. 如权利要求1至4之一所述的固定元件,其特征在于,弧形拱顶(17)在径向(R)上用作弹簧。
6. 如权利要求1至5之一所述的固定元件,其特征在于,扩张凸出部(11)朝向其前端变窄。
7. 如权利要求1至6之一所述的固定元件,其特征在于,扩张元件(3)在其沿插入方向(E)的后端具有封闭的基体(10),扩张凸出部(11)安置于该基体上。
8. 如权利要求1至7之一所述的固定元件,其特征在于,扩张元件(3)为冲压件,尤其是冲压弯曲件。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102011000285A DE102011000285A1 (de) | 2011-01-24 | 2011-01-24 | Befestigungselement |
DE102011000285.5 | 2011-01-24 | ||
PCT/EP2012/000114 WO2012100911A1 (de) | 2011-01-24 | 2012-01-12 | Befestigungselement |
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CN103328833A true CN103328833A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
CN103328833B CN103328833B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
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CN201280006291.4A Expired - Fee Related CN103328833B (zh) | 2011-01-24 | 2012-01-12 | 固定元件 |
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US (1) | US8714896B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2668406B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101887609B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103328833B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112013012562B1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102011000285A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2549207T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1189646A1 (zh) |
HR (1) | HRP20150960T1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2668406T3 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG190108A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI550195B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012100911A1 (zh) |
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EP3239539A1 (de) | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-01 | HILTI Aktiengesellschaft | Anker mit wellenförmiger hülse |
Citations (8)
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-
2011
- 2011-01-24 DE DE102011000285A patent/DE102011000285A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-12-01 TW TW100144126A patent/TWI550195B/zh active
-
2012
- 2012-01-12 EP EP12700312.7A patent/EP2668406B1/de active Active
- 2012-01-12 BR BR112013012562-4A patent/BR112013012562B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-01-12 SG SG2013033774A patent/SG190108A1/en unknown
- 2012-01-12 ES ES12700312.7T patent/ES2549207T3/es active Active
- 2012-01-12 WO PCT/EP2012/000114 patent/WO2012100911A1/de active Application Filing
- 2012-01-12 PL PL12700312T patent/PL2668406T3/pl unknown
- 2012-01-12 US US13/992,484 patent/US8714896B2/en active Active
- 2012-01-12 CN CN201280006291.4A patent/CN103328833B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-01-12 KR KR1020137017824A patent/KR101887609B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2014
- 2014-03-20 HK HK14102809.1A patent/HK1189646A1/zh unknown
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2015
- 2015-09-11 HR HRP20150960TT patent/HRP20150960T1/hr unknown
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US4330230A (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1982-05-18 | Giannuzzi Louis | Anchor bolt assembly |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK1189646A1 (zh) | 2014-06-13 |
BR112013012562A2 (pt) | 2016-08-30 |
HRP20150960T1 (hr) | 2015-10-09 |
CN103328833B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
KR20140029368A (ko) | 2014-03-10 |
US20130259594A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
ES2549207T3 (es) | 2015-10-26 |
DE102011000285A1 (de) | 2012-07-26 |
SG190108A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
EP2668406A1 (de) | 2013-12-04 |
TW201233913A (en) | 2012-08-16 |
US8714896B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 |
BR112013012562B1 (pt) | 2020-06-16 |
KR101887609B1 (ko) | 2018-08-10 |
WO2012100911A1 (de) | 2012-08-02 |
RU2013128237A (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
TWI550195B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
PL2668406T3 (pl) | 2015-12-31 |
EP2668406B1 (de) | 2015-08-12 |
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