CN103325340B - 像素电路、像素电路驱动方法及显示装置 - Google Patents

像素电路、像素电路驱动方法及显示装置 Download PDF

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CN103325340B
CN103325340B CN201310256502.6A CN201310256502A CN103325340B CN 103325340 B CN103325340 B CN 103325340B CN 201310256502 A CN201310256502 A CN 201310256502A CN 103325340 B CN103325340 B CN 103325340B
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organic light
light emitting
emitting diode
current controling
memory capacitance
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CN103325340A (zh
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谭文
祁小敬
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/236,311 priority patent/US9269299B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/080788 priority patent/WO2014205888A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及有机发光显示技术领域，具体涉及一种像素电路、驱动该像素电路的驱动方法以及包括该像素电路的显示装置。该像素电路包括至少两个电致发光元件，各个所述电致发光元件的第一极性的电极与一个电流控制端连接，各个所述电致发光元件的第二极性的电极与为所述电致发光元件供应驱动电流的驱动单元连接。本发明所提供的像素电路，通过设置至少两个独立控制的有机发光二极管，分别控制各个有机发光二极管轮流处于发光显示状态，避免了单一的有机发光二极管长期处于直流偏置发光状态，减缓了有机材料的极性化速度，使有机发光二极管阈值电压稳定，提高了有机发光二极管的发光效率，大幅度延长了有机发光二极管的使用寿命。

Description

像素电路、像素电路驱动方法及显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光显示技术领域，具体涉及一种像素电路、驱动该像素电路的驱动方法以及包括该像素电路的显示装置。
背景技术
相比传统的液晶面板，AMOLED(Active Matrix Organic LightEmitting Diode，有源矩阵有机发光二极管)面板具有反应速度更快、对比度更高、视角更广等特点，因此，AMOLED得到了显示技术开发商日益广泛的关注。
有源矩阵有机发光二极管由像素电路驱动发光。现有技术中的基本像素电路由两个薄膜晶体管(Thin-Film Transistor，TFT)和一个电容组成，具体如图1以及图2中所示：包括驱动晶体管T1、开关晶体管T2以及存储电容C1。其中，开关晶体管T1的导通与截止由扫描信号电压VSCAN控制，以用于控制数据电压VDATA的输入；驱动晶体管T1用于为有机发光二极管OLED供应驱动电流，存储电容C1用于为驱动晶体管T1的栅极提供维持电压；图1中所示为N沟道类型的驱动晶体管驱动的像素电路，图2中所示为P沟道类型的驱动晶体管驱动的像素电路。
在每一帧的图像显示时间内，由于上述像素电路中仅有一个有机发光二极管，因此在每一帧的图像显示时间内其一直处于发光显示状态。这样，由于有机发光二极管长期处于直流偏置发光状态，有机材料的极性化加速，造成有机发光二极管的内建电场(半导体或者绝缘体中由于内部的作用而形成的电场)随之迅速增强，从而导致有机发光二极管阈值电压增大，大大降低了有机发光二极管的发光效率，因此，大幅度缩短了有机发光二极管的使用寿命。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够提高有机发光二极管使用寿命的像素电路，同时提升有机发光二极管的发光效率；进一步的，本发明还提供了一种驱动上述像素电路的驱动方法以及包括上述像素电路的显示装置，以提高显示装置的使用寿命。
(二)技术方案
本发明技术方案如下：
一种像素电路，包括至少两个电致发光元件，各个所述电致发光元件的第一极性的电极与一个电流控制端连接，各个所述电致发光元件的第二极性的电极与为所述电致发光元件供应驱动电流的驱动单元连接。
优选的，所述驱动单元包括开关元件、储能元件以及驱动元件；所述开关元件的第一端与数据线连接，第二端与所述储能元件的第一端连接；所述驱动元件的第一输入端连接驱动电源的第一端，第二输入端分别与所述开关元件的第二端以及所述储能元件的第一端连接，输出端分别与各个所述电致发光元件的第二极性的电极连接；所述储能元件的第二端与驱动电源第二端连接。
优选的，所述电致发光元件为两个。
优选的，所述电致发光元件包括第一有机发光二极管以及第二有机发光二极管，所述开关元件为开关晶体管，所述储能元件为存储电容，所述驱动元件为驱动晶体管；
所述开关晶体管的栅极与扫描信号线连接，源极与数据线连接，漏极与所述存储电容的第一端连接；
所述驱动晶体管的栅极分别与所述开关晶体管的漏极以及所述存储电容的第一端连接，源极与驱动电源的第一端连接，漏极分别与第一有机发光二极管以及第二有机发光二极管的第二极性的电极连接；
所述存储电容的第二端与驱动电源第二端连接；
所述第一有机发光二极管的第一端连接第一电流控制端，所述第二有机发光二极管的第一端连接第二电流控制端。
优选的，所述驱动晶体管为N沟道型薄膜晶体管；所述驱动晶体管的源极与所述驱动电源的高电平输出端连接，漏极分别与所述第一有机发光二极管以及第二有机发光二极管的阳极连接；所述存储电容的第二端与所述驱动电源的低电平输出端连接。
优选的，所述驱动晶体管为P沟道型薄膜晶体管；所述驱动晶体管的源极与所述驱动电源的低电平输出端连接，漏极分别与所述第一有机发光二极管以及第二有机发光二极管的阴极连接；所述存储电容的第二端与所述驱动电源的高电平输出端连接。
本发明还提供了一种驱动上述像素电路的驱动方法：
一种像素电路驱动方法，包括充电时段以及驱动显示时段；每一帧工作时段内仅有一个电流控制端控制与其连接的电致发光元件发光，其余电流控制端控制与其连接的电致发光元件不发光；任意相邻的两帧工作时段中，发光的电致发光元件不同。
优选的，在所述充电时段内，执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号导通开关晶体管，数据线上的数据电压写入存储电容；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管反向偏置；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管反向偏置；
优选的，在一个充电时段内，执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号导通开关晶体管，数据线上的数据电压写入存储电容；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管发光；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管反向偏置；
在该充电时段相邻的充电时段内，执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号导通开关晶体管，数据线上的数据电压写入存储电容；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管发光；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管反向偏置。
优选的，在一个驱动显示时段内，执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号截止开关晶体管；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管在存储电容中存储的数据电压驱动下发光；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管反向偏置；
在该驱动显示时段相邻的驱动显示时段内，执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号截止开关晶体管；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管在存储电容中存储的数据电压驱动下发光；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管反向偏置。
本发明还提供了一种包括上述任意一种像素电路的显示装置。(三)有益效果
本发明所提供的像素电路，通过设置至少两个独立控制的有机发光二极管，分别控制各个有机发光二极管轮流处于发光显示状态，避免了单一的有机发光二极管长期处于直流偏置发光状态，减缓了有机材料的极性化速度，使有机发光二极管阈值电压稳定，提高了有机发光二极管的发光效率，大幅度延长了有机发光二极管的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中N型薄膜晶体管的像素电路结构示意图；
图2是现有技术中P型薄膜晶体管的像素电路结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例中一种像素电路的结构示意图；
图4是图3中所示像素电路的一种工作状态下的等效电路的示意图；
图5是图3中所示像素电路的另一种工作状态下的等效电路的示意图；
图6是本发明实施例中另一种像素电路的结构示意图；
图7是图6中所示像素电路的N型薄膜晶体管实现电路示意图；
图8是图6中所示像素电路的P型薄膜晶体管实现电路示意图；
图9是图7中所示像素电路的驱动时段图；
图10是图7中所示像素电路在T2时段的等效电路的示意图；
图11是图7中所示像素电路在T4时段的等效电路的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本发明所提供的像素电路，每个像素电路连接有扫描信号线和数据线，并包括至少两个电致发光元件，各个电致发光元件的第一极性的电极与一个电流控制端连接，第二极性的电极与为电致发光元件供应驱动电流的驱动单元连接；通过分别控制各个电致发光元件轮流交替处于发光显示状态，避免了单一的电致发光元件长期处于直流偏置发光状态，从而延长了电致发光元件的使用寿命。为了方便控制以及尽量不增加像素电路的复杂性，本实施例中的电致发光元件个数为两个，下面以在AMOLED得到广泛应用的有机发光二极管为例进行说明。
如图3中所示的像素电路，包括第二极性的电极分别与驱动单元连接的第一有机发光二极管D1以及第二有机发光二极管D2，第一有机发光二极管D1的第一端与第一电流控制端VDS连接，第二有机发光二极管D2的第一端与第二电流控制端VSD连接，上述连接方式使得第一电流控制端VDS和第二电流控制端VSD可提供的电流方向相反；通过利用一对方向相反的电流控制，轮流切换地控制两个有机发光二级管交替发光显示，减少各个有机发光二级管一半的发光时间，同时使其在不发光时段反向偏置；一个具体示例如图4以及图5中所示。图4中，第一电流控制端VDS为高电平VDD，第一有机发光二级管D1在从第一电流控制端VDS流向驱动单元的电流控制下发光显示；第二电流控制端VSD为低电平VSS，第二有机发光二级管D2反向偏置，缓解其内部离子极性化，延长其使用寿命。图5中，第二电流控制端VSD为高电平VDD，第二有机发光二级管D2在从第二电流控制端VSD流向驱动单元的电流控制下发光显示；第一电流控制端VDS为低电平VSS，第一有机发光二级管D1反向偏置，缓解其内部离子极性化，延长其使用寿命。
如图6中所示，本实施例中的驱动单元包括开关元件、储能元件以及驱动元件；开关元件用于控制数据线的数据电压的写入，其第一端与数据线连接，第二端与储能元件的第一端连接；驱动元件用于为有机发光元件提供驱动电流，其第一输入端连接驱动电源的第一端，第二输入端分别与开关元件的第二端以及储能元件的第一端连接，输出端分别与各个有机发光二极管的第二极性的电极连接；储能元件用于存储数据电压，其第二端与驱动电源第二端连接。
图6中像素电路的一种具体实现方式如图7中所示；其中开关元件为开关晶体管T2，储能元件为存储电容C1，驱动元件为驱动晶体管T1，开关晶体管T2以及驱动晶体管T1均为N沟道型薄膜晶体管。扫描信号线提供扫描信号来导通或者截止开关晶体管T2，数据线通过开关晶体管T2向像素中写入数据电压信号。开关晶体管T2的栅极与扫描信号线连接，源极与数据线连接，漏极与存储电容C1的第一端连接；在扫描信号线提供的扫描信号的控制下，开关晶体管T2向存储电容C1提供数据线的数据电压信号并由存储电容C1保持该电压。驱动晶体管T1的栅极分别与开关晶体管T2的漏极以及存储电容C1的第一端连接，源极与驱动电源的高电平输出端连接，漏极分别与第一有机发光二极管D1以及第二有机发光二极管D2的阳极连接；存储电容C1的第二端与驱动电源的低电平输出端连接；驱动晶体管T1受数据线提供的数据电压以及存储电容C1存储电压的控制而导通或截止。第一有机发光二极管D1的阴极连接第一电流控制端VDS，第二有机发光二极管D2的阴极连接第二电流控制端VSD。
本领域所属技术人员很容易得出本发明所提供的像素电路可以轻易改为P沟道型薄膜晶体管电路，具体如图8中所示，与N沟道型薄膜晶体管电路的连接结构不同之处主要在于，驱动晶体管T1的源极与驱动电源的低电平输出端连接，漏极分别与第一有机发光二极管D1以及第二有机发光二极管D2的阴极连接；存储电容C1的第二端与驱动电源的高电平输出端连接。当然，本发明所提供的像素电路可以轻易改为CMOS(Complementary Metal OxideSemiconductor，互补金属氧化物半导体)电路；并不局限于本实施例中的所提供的像素电路，在此不再赘述。
本发明还提供了一种驱动上述像素电路的驱动方法，其主要包括充电时段以及驱动显示时段；每一帧工作时段内仅有一个电流控制端控制与该电流控制端连接的电致发光元件发光，其余电流控制端控制与该电流控制端连接的电致发光元件不发光；任意相邻的两帧工作时段中，发光的电致发光元件不同；这样能够使不同的电致发光元件轮流交替发光，避免了单一的电致发光元件长期处于直流偏置发光状态，从而延长了电致发光元件的使用寿命。下面以应用于图7中所示像素电路的驱动方法为例进行说明，其驱动时段示意图如图9中所示，在该时段图中，示意了在相邻的两帧工作时段中，扫描信号线的扫描信号电压VSCAN、数据线的数据电压VDATA、第一电流控制端VDS以及第二电流控制端VSD的电流控制的变化。
其中，第一充电时段T1：
该时段内执行下述操作：在扫描信号线施加高电平扫描信号电压导通开关晶体管T2，数据线上的数据电压写入存储电容C1；第一电流控制端VDS为低电平VSS，控制第一有机发光二极管D1发光；第二电流控制端VSD为高电平VDD，控制第二有机发光二极管D2反向偏置；但是由于在充电时段，数据电压需要写入存储电容，这样可能对造成对驱动晶体管T1的栅极供电电压不稳定，影响有机发光二极管的发光稳定性，因此，本实施例中，在充电时段也可以通过第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管反向偏置以及通过第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管反向偏置，避免不稳定发光的出现。
第一驱动显示时段T2：
该时段等效电路如图10中所示；执行下述操作：在扫描信号线施加低电平扫描信号电压截止开关晶体管T2；第一电流控制端VDS为低电平VSS，控制第一有机发光二极管D1在存储电容C1中存储的数据电压驱动下发光；第二电流控制端VSD为高电平VDD，控制第二有机发光二极管D2反向偏置。
第二充电时段T3：
该时段内执行下述操作：在扫描信号线施加高电平扫描信号电压导通开关晶体管T2，数据线上的数据电压写入存储电容C1；第二电流控制端VSD为低电平VSS，控制第二有机发光二极管D2发光；第一电流控制端VDS为高电平VDD，控制第一有机发光二极管D1反向偏置；但是由于在充电时段，数据电压需要写入存储电容，这样可能对造成对驱动晶体管T1的栅极供电电压不稳定，影响有机发光二极管的发光稳定性，因此，本实施例中，在充电时段也可以通过第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管反向偏置以及通过第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管反向偏置，避免不稳定发光的出现。
第二驱动显示时段T4：
该时段等效电路如图11中所示；执行下述操作：在扫描信号线施加低电平扫描信号电压截止开关晶体管T2；第二电流控制端VSD为低电平VSS，控制第二有机发光二极管D2在存储电容C1中存储的数据电压驱动下发光；第一电流控制端VDS为高电平VDD，控制第一有机发光二极管D1反向偏置。
本实施例中所提供像素电路驱动方法中，由于任意相邻的两帧工作时段中，两个有机发光二极管轮流交替发光显示，避免了单一的电致发光元件长期处于直流偏置发光状态，减缓了有机材料的极性化速度，使有机发光二极管阈值电压稳定，提高了有机发光二极管的发光效率，大幅度延长了有机发光二极管的使用寿命。
本发明还提供了一种包括上述任意一种像素电路的显示装置；由于使用的像素电路具有相对更长的使用寿命，因此，该显示装置的使用寿命也相应的得到了延长，质量更加可靠。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的保护范畴。

Claims (11)

1.一种像素电路，其特征在于，包括至少两个电致发光元件，各个所述电致发光元件的第一极性的电极分别与一个电流控制端连接，各个所述电致发光元件的第二极性的电极均与为所述电致发光元件供应驱动电流的驱动单元连接，
其中，所述至少两个电致发光元件包括第一有机发光二极管和第二有机发光二极管，所述第一有机发光二极管的第一极性的电极与第一电流控制端连接，所述第二有机发光二极管的第一极性的电极与第二电流控制端连接，第一电流控制端和第二电流控制端提供的电流方向相反。
2.根据权利要求1所述的像素电路，其特征在于，所述驱动单元包括开关元件、储能元件以及驱动元件；所述开关元件的第一端与数据线连接，第二端与所述储能元件的第一端连接；所述驱动元件的第一输入端连接驱动电源的第一端，第二输入端分别与所述开关元件的第二端以及所述储能元件的第一端连接，输出端分别与各个所述电致发光元件的第二极性的电极连接；所述储能元件的第二端与驱动电源第二端连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的像素电路，其特征在于，所述电致发光元件为两个。
4.根据权利要求3所述的像素电路，其特征在于，两个所述电致发光元件为所述第一有机发光二极管以及所述第二有机发光二极管，开关元件为开关晶体管，储能元件为存储电容，驱动元件为驱动晶体管；
所述开关晶体管的栅极与扫描信号线连接，源极与数据线连接，漏极与所述存储电容的第一端连接；
所述驱动晶体管的栅极分别与所述开关晶体管的漏极以及所述存储电容的第一端连接，源极与驱动电源的第一端连接，漏极分别与第一有机发光二极管以及第二有机发光二极管的第二极性的电极连接；
所述存储电容的第二端与驱动电源的第二端连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的像素电路，其特征在于，所述驱动晶体管为N沟道型薄膜晶体管；所述驱动晶体管的源极与所述驱动电源的高电平输出端连接，漏极分别与所述第一有机发光二极管以及第二有机发光二极管的阳极连接；所述存储电容的第二端与所述驱动电源的低电平输出端连接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的像素电路，其特征在于，所述驱动晶体管为P沟道型薄膜晶体管；所述驱动晶体管的源极与所述驱动电源的低电平输出端连接，漏极分别与所述第一有机发光二极管以及第二有机发光二极管的阴极连接；所述存储电容的第二端与所述驱动电源的高电平输出端连接。
7.一种驱动如权利要求1-6任意一项所述像素电路的方法，每一帧工作时段均包括充电时段以及驱动显示时段；其特征在于，每一帧工作时段内仅有一个电流控制端控制与其连接的电致发光元件发光，其余电流控制端控制与其连接的电致发光元件不发光；任意相邻的两帧工作时段中，发光的电致发光元件不同。
8.根据权利要求7所述的像素电路驱动方法，其特征在于，
在每个所述充电时段内，执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号导通开关晶体管，数据线上的数据电压写入存储电容；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管反向偏置；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管反向偏置。
9.根据权利要求7所述的像素电路驱动方法，其特征在于，
在一个充电时段内，执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号导通开关晶体管，数据线上的数据电压写入存储电容；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管发光；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管反向偏置；
在该充电时段相邻的充电时段内，执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号导通开关晶体管，数据线上的数据电压写入存储电容；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管发光；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管反向偏置。
10.根据权利要求7-9任意一项所述的像素电路驱动方法，其特征在于，
在一个驱动显示时段内执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号截止开关晶体管；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管在存储电容中存储的数据电压驱动下发光；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管反向偏置；
在该驱动显示时段相邻的驱动显示时段内执行下述操作：
在扫描信号线施加扫描信号截止开关晶体管；第二电流控制端控制第二有机发光二极管在存储电容中存储的数据电压驱动下发光；第一电流控制端控制第一有机发光二极管反向偏置。
11.一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-6任意一项所述的像素电路。
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