CN103321669B - Method for increasing permeability of low-permeability coal seam by means of deep-hole directional pre-splitting blasting - Google Patents
Method for increasing permeability of low-permeability coal seam by means of deep-hole directional pre-splitting blasting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing the permeability of a low-permeability coal seam by means of deep-hole directional pre-splitting blasting. The method includes constructing large-diameter blast holes in the high-gassy low-permeability coal seam in a conventional operation mode; using four-way perpendicular joint-cutting pipes as blasting explosive charging pipes and water bag charging pipes; arranging the four-way perpendicular joint-cutting pipes loaded with explosive cartridges and the four-way perpendicular joint-cutting pipes loaded with water bags at intervals to fill explosive into the blast holes, and detonating the explosive in each blast hole by double detonating fuses to complete operation for increasing the permeability of the low-permeability thick coal seam. Longitudinal cut joints are respectively circumferentially formed at a 0-degree position, a 90-degree position, a 180-degree position and a 270-degree position of each four-way perpendicular joint-cutting pipe. The method has the advantages that crack networks which are communicated with one another can be formed in the coal seam after blasting, the permeability of the low-permeability high-gassy coal seam can be improved, a gas extraction effect is guaranteed, the gas extraction efficiency is high, and gas disaster accidents can be prevented to a certain degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas exhaust anti-reflection for lower permeability seam and put presplit blasting construction technology, particularly relate to the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of a kind of deep hole is anti-reflection.
Background technology
Having over half in existing colliery is all high methane and coal and gas outburst mine.Gas is generally composed in two forms and is stored in coal seam, i.e. adsorbed state and free state.In the gas amount of ocurrence of coal seam, usual adsorption gas amount accounts for more than 90%, and free gas amount only has about 10%.When seam mining, the gas be trapped in coal seam constantly discharges with the disturbance of seam mining, and its harm is mainly manifested in three aspects: gas asphyxiation, gas explosion, coal and gas prominent.According to statistics, in China's coal-mine accident, more than 40% is gas explosion accident, and wherein in serious accident, gas explosion accident accounts for more than 82%.The Gas Disaster that takes place frequently of coal mine gas explosion is one of major casualty threatening Safety of Coal Mine Production always, not only coal production is caused and have a strong impact on, also result in ill effect to Chinese national economy and social stability development, be significant problem urgently to be resolved hurrily in China's mining development simultaneously.
In prior art, Chinese scholars has also carried out a large amount of research work in gas control, achieves certain achievement, and defines the effective measures of some control Gas Disasters.Wherein, gas pumping technology is considered to one of most effective method of prevention Gas Disaster.But along with the increase of the seam mining degree of depth, coal seam gas-bearing capacity increases, pressure increase, and the permeability in most coal seam is only (0.001 ~ 0.1) × 10
-3um
2, gas permeability of coal seam is low, thus has had a strong impact on extraction rate and the extracting result of coal-bed gas.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of a kind of deep hole is anti-reflection, the method forms mutually through Fracture Networks after making coal seam explosion, improve the gas permeability of low-permeable high gas layer, to ensure the effect of gas pumping, obtaining higher gas pumping efficiency, preventing to a certain extent because blowing out the generation of the Gas Disaster accident such as gas explosion, Gas Outburst caused simultaneously.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole of the present invention is anti-reflection, comprises step:
First, routine work mode is adopted, major diameter of constructing in high methane lower permeability seam blasting hole;
Then, adopt four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe as blast charging pipe and dress water bag pipe, 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° of described four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe circumferencial direction and 270 ° of four positions are respectively equipped with longitudinal joint-cutting;
Afterwards, adopt the spaced apart mode of four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe joint-cutting pipe vertical with the four-way that water bag is housed that powder stick is housed to load explosive in described blasting hole, and by two detonating fuse ignition charge, complete the anti-reflection operation of low ventilative high seam explosion.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of the deep hole that the embodiment of the present invention provides is anti-reflection, owing to first adopting routine work mode, major diameter of constructing in high methane lower permeability seam blasting hole; Then adopt four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe as blast charging pipe and dress water bag pipe, 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° of described four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe circumferencial direction and 270 ° of four positions are respectively equipped with longitudinal joint-cutting; Adopt the spaced apart mode of four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe joint-cutting pipe vertical with the four-way that water bag is housed that powder stick is housed to load explosive afterwards in described blasting hole, and by two detonating fuse ignition charge, complete the anti-reflection operation of low ventilative high seam explosion.Form mutually through Fracture Networks after making coal seam explosion, improve the gas permeability of low-permeable high gas layer, to ensure the effect of gas pumping, obtain higher gas pumping efficiency, prevent the generation of Gas Disaster accident simultaneously to a certain extent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The big gun hole layout schematic diagram of the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is anti-reflection;
The big gun hole longitudinally cutting schematic diagram of the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is anti-reflection;
Fig. 3 is the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way and powder stick structural representation in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way and water bag structural representation in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe transverse cross sectional schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is two detonating fuse colligation schematic diagrames of four-way vertical joint-cutting Guan Kong bottom in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 1, Large diameter deep-hole blasting big gun hole (be called for short blasting hole or big gun hole), 2, the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way (being called for short joint-cutting pipe), 3, prefabricated joint-cutting (abbreviation joint-cutting), 4, powder stick, 5, water bag, 6, yellow mud volume, 7, detonating fuse, 8, cruciform girder.
Detailed description of the invention
To be described in further detail the embodiment of the present invention below.
The method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole of the present invention is anti-reflection, its preferably detailed description of the invention be:
Comprise step:
First, routine work mode is adopted, major diameter of constructing in high methane lower permeability seam blasting hole;
Then, adopt four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe as blast charging pipe and dress water bag pipe, 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° of described four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe circumferencial direction and 270 ° of four positions are respectively equipped with longitudinal joint-cutting;
Afterwards, adopt the spaced apart mode of four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe joint-cutting pipe vertical with the four-way that water bag is housed that powder stick is housed to load explosive in described major diameter blasting hole, and by two detonating fuse ignition charge, complete the anti-reflection operation of low ventilative high seam explosion.
The joint-cutting of described four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe aligns in the vertical mutually with the joint-cutting of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of adjacent four-way.
The mode of loading explosive in described blasting hole is radial Uncoincided charge, and its radial Uncoincided charge coefficient is 1.6 ~ 2.1.
Described blasting hole diameter is 60 ~ 80mm, pushes in blasting hole after the vertical joint-cutting pipe of multiple four-way is interconnected, and in Loose Blasting aperture place filling yellow mud volume blocking big gun hole.
The vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way is interconnected, on the cruciform girder of first four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe bottom of detonating fuse colligation bottom blasting hole in screw thread socket mode.
The external diameter of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way is 48mm, wall thickness is 4mm, internal diameter is 40mm, length is 1500mm, and its two ends are respectively inner ring screw thread and the outer ring screw thread of each 100mm length complemented one another.
Every bar joint-cutting on described four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe is of a size of length × wide=250mm × 4mm, in the axial direction adjacent two joint-cuttings be spaced apart 50mm.
The method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole of the present invention is anti-reflection, mutually through Fracture Networks is formed after making coal seam explosion, improve the gas permeability of low-permeable high gas layer, to ensure the effect of gas pumping, obtain higher gas pumping efficiency, prevent the generation of Gas Disaster accident simultaneously to a certain extent.
Mentality of designing of the present invention is:
By analyzing the characteristic of Coal Pore Structure and hole, show that the huge network that hole-crack is formed is gas migration passage, and gas migration amount number relevant with the factor such as the mechanical property that coal seam permeability and coal body destroy.By analyzing Deephole pre-splitting blasting technology to the mechanism of action of low-permeable high gas layer, after drawing explosive charge, the effect of detonation stress wave and detonation gas is the principal element that a large amount of crack of coal body medium generates.The Dynamic Fracture mechanism of its blasting process institute foundation is: under Explosive stress wave effect, around big gun hole, first occur radial cracking, produce a large amount of cracks; Then, in the crack that detonation gas wedge people has opened, crack is further expanded, and then form Radial crack band around boring.In order to make the energy of stress wave mainly act on broken coal, in coal body, form the connection fracture network centered by big gun hole.For this reason, the present invention proposes the new approaches adopting the explosion of four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe.The explosion of joint-cutting pipe has cumulative action, explosive charge energy preferentially can discharge at joint-cutting place, the coal body in broken joint-cutting direction, the coal body in prefabricated joint-cutting direction is made to form more crackle, expand the party's crack scope upwards, powder charge pipe arranges four-way joint-cutting, greatly improves the scope of the connecting fracture network that big gun hole surrounding medium is formed.Meanwhile, in order to increase the broken scope of coal body further, in coal body, forming mutually through Fracture Networks, extending detonation gas to the action time of broken coal.For this reason, the present invention proposes the new method adopting four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe and powder stick joint-cutting pipe vertical with four-way and water bag spaced loading.Because water still shows very strong Incoercibility at high temperature under high pressure, it is a kind of fluid of green non-pollution simultaneously, can be good at transmission of pressure, water bag is sharply compressed, is broken under the high pressure effect of explosion wave, form water jet " cutting " coal body, fracturing coal body forms crackle.Subsequently, the coalmass crevasse that water has opened under the impetus of detonation gas around big gun hole moves, detonation gas and water form coupling, jointly " wedge effect " is formed to coalmass crevasse, wedging coalmass crevasse, crack is further expanded, extends the action time of detonation gas to coalmass crevasse, then around boring, form radial wave shape wave fissure zone.Meanwhile, " water smoke " that water jet produces can also effectively suppress or eliminate the spark that blast produces, and reduces the danger of coal-bed gas blast.
Operating principle of the present invention is:
First, in order to add the gas permeability of deep fractures, make methane gas in coal seam change free state into by adsorbed state, that improves coal-bed gas gas takes out emission effect.Can adopt routine work mode, Deephole pre-splitting blasting hole of constructing in lower permeability seam, blasthole diameter is generally 60 ~ 80mm, and the degree of depth is generally 50 ~ 70m, specifically depending on the thickness in coal seam and the degree of depth etc. of drawing-off gas.
Because joint-cutting pipe has cumulative action, blasting energy preferentially discharges along joint-cutting direction, and produce stress in joint-cutting direction concentrated, fracture is preferentially produced along joint-cutting direction, therefore the vertical joint-cutting of four-way is set on powder charge pipe, it is long × wide that joint-cutting size is 250mm × 4mm(), adjacent two joint-cuttings longitudinally spacing are 50mm.For increasing the air permeable effect of coal body, ensureing that coal body all directions are formed and being evenly communicated with fracture network, longitudinal joint-cutting in a circumferential direction should stagger 62.5mm mutually.Meanwhile, in order to increase rigidity and the stability of joint-cutting pipe, when ensureing powder charge, joint-cutting pipe can not unstability distortion, and the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way can be controlled between 1.5m ~ 2.5m.
For convenience of dynamite charge and connection, the long supporting inner ring screw thread of 100mm and outer ring screw thread are set at four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe two ends respectively, the four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe that powder stick is housed and the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way that water bag is housed are socketed mode with screw thread and are connected in interval in turn, then slowly push big gun hole.Wherein, first joint-cutting tube end bottom big gun hole should arrange the crossbeam of two right-angled intersections, is used for conveniently fixing detonating fuse, and two detonating fuses directly extend to outside big gun hole along powder charge inside pipe wall.
Under normal circumstances, adopt special powder stick and water bag filling big gun hole, wherein powder stick is diameter 38mm, and the cylindrical cartridge bag of long 1000mm, the diameter of water bag is identical with powder stick with length.
Finally, in big gun hole, explosive is loaded.With yellow mud volume blocking big gun hole in the certain distance of distance aperture.Adopt two detonating fuse to detonate all big gun holes simultaneously, complete the directed presplit blasting construction of deep hole.
Under normal circumstances, with the blocking of yellow mud volume in the scope of distance aperture 10m, and two fuse arming test experiment initiation explosive is adopted, the reliability of raising explosion.When there is explosion in big gun hole, joint-cutting direction forms cumulative action, coal body preferentially expands crack surface along joint-cutting, form a fissure zone relatively grown, water bag is sharply compressed by the strong pressure that Explosive stress wave and detonation wave produce, breaks simultaneously, form water jet " cutting " coal body around, fissure zone scope is expanded further.Subsequently, water wedges coalmass crevasse rapidly under the impetus of detonation gas, detonation gas and water form " coupling ", jointly " wedge effect " is formed to coalmass crevasse, coalmass crevasse is further expanded, and around big gun hole, form radial wave shape wave fissure zone, finally in coal body, form mutually through connecting fracture network.
The present invention adopts four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe joint-cutting pipe vertical with the four-way that water bag the is housed decked charge fashion that powder stick is housed, and Water Cutting and joint-cutting pipe blasting technique is organically combined, is applied particularly in the anti-reflection job execution of lower permeability seam presplit blasting.Wherein, four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe easy to connect, be easy to operation; Powder stick, water bag decked charge fashion are simple to operate, applied widely.Meanwhile, the explosion of four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe can improve the scope of coalmass crevasse greatly, is conducive to forming larger fissure zone around big gun hole; Explosive stress wave, detonation wave, water jet and detonation gas are combined acting in conjunction in coal body with water coincidence effect homenergic by powder stick, water bag decked charge fashion, substantially increase the utilization rate of explosive charge energy, greatly increase the crack scope of coal body, in coal body, form mutually through connecting fracture network.Meanwhile, " water smoke " that water jet produces can also effectively suppress or eliminate the spark that blast produces, and reduces the danger of coal-bed gas blast.The method considerably increases the gas permeability of low air permeability coal seam, improves the effect that gas exhaust is put, and prevents the generation of Gas Disaster simultaneously to a certain extent, ensure that the safety in production of mine.
Specific embodiment:
The method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of the deep hole adopting four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 and powder stick 4 joint-cutting pipe 2 vertical with four-way to combine with water bag 5 decked charge fashion is anti-reflection.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, for 3 big gun holes, concrete steps comprise:
Step one, employing routine work mode, Large diameter deep-hole blasting hole of constructing in coal seam.
Under normal circumstances, coal seam is thicker, and gas permeability is low, and gas is present in coal seam mainly with adsorbed state, and construction deep hole blasting hole 1, can discharge the methane gas of deep fractures, increases the gas permeability in coal seam, is conducive to the effect improving high seam gas pumping.Generally, Large diameter deep-hole blasting big gun hole 1 diameter is 60 ~ 80mm, and big gun hole 1 is 50 ~ 60m deeply, and big gun hole 1 spacing is 10 ~ 15m, specifically depending on conditions such as the thickness in coal seam and the degree of depth of drawing-off gas.
Step 2, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, powder stick 4 and water bag 5 are contained in the vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 of four-way respectively, four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 and powder stick 4 joint-cutting pipe 2 vertical with four-way and water bag 5 in turn interval are socketed mode with screw thread and are connected, and slowly push one by one in big gun hole 1.Push in four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 process, in adjacent shot hole 1, the prefabricated joint-cutting 3 of joint-cutting pipe 2 should align mutually, and the joint-cutting face that the joint-cutting 3 of adjacent joint-cutting pipe 2 is linked to be forms the Fracture Networks be interconnected in coal body.Wherein, the long 1.4m of the every root of four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe 2, it is long × wide that prefabricated joint-cutting 3 is of a size of 250mm × 4mm(), adjacent two prefabricated joint-cutting 3 spacing of axial direction are 50mm.The size of powder stick 4 and water bag 5 is diameter 38mm, long 1200mm.
Because joint-cutting has cumulative action, the vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 of four-way is adopted to load explosive, and ensure that the joint-cutting 3 of adjacent joint-cutting pipe 2 in powder charge process can align mutually, quick-fried raw energy priority can be made along the release of precrack direction, and form longer crackle in the direction in which.After blast, around big gun hole, form radial wave shape wave fissure zone, finally in coal body, form mutually through connecting fracture network, add the gas permeability of coal body, improve the pump drainage effect of coal gas gas.Adopt powder stick 4, water bag 5 spaced loading structure, Explosive stress wave, detonation wave, water jet and detonation gas are combined with water coincidence effect homenergic, acting in conjunction is in coal body, improve the utilization rate of explosive charge energy, considerably increase the scope of coalmass crevasse, add the gas permeability of coal body.
Step 3, with the vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 of four-way, powder stick 4 and water bag 5 decked charge fashion filling explosive, and by two detonating fuse 7 detonating charge, on the cruciform girder 8 of detonating fuse 7 colligation first joint-cutting pipe 2 bottom bottom big gun hole, and rolling up 6 shutoff big gun holes with yellow mud within the scope of the 10m of aperture.
Adopt the vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 of four-way, powder stick 4 and water bag 5 spaced loading structure, water bag 5 break formed water jet produce " water smoke " can effectively suppress or eliminate explosive charge generation spark, improve the safety of highly gassy mine blast operation, reduce the danger of the Gas Disasters such as coal mine gas from explosion, ensure that the safety in production in colliery.
Step 4, load all the other two big gun holes 1 successively, then detonating fuse 7 colligation in each big gun hole got up, detonate all shot holes simultaneously, completes the anti-reflection construction of the directed presplit blasting low air permeability coal seam of deep hole.
Certainly, in above-mentioned steps, each parameter is the parameter such as the degree of depth, spacing, explosive payload in a preferred parameter in specific implementation process, big gun hole 1, and also need to consider according to the feature in concrete coal seam, its numerical value can not be unified, and does not repeat them here.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (4)
1. the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole is anti-reflection, is characterized in that, comprise step: first, adopt routine work mode, major diameter of constructing in high methane lower permeability seam blasting hole; Then, adopt four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe as blast charging pipe and dress water bag pipe, 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° of described four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe circumferencial direction and 270 ° of four positions are respectively equipped with longitudinal joint-cutting; Afterwards, the spaced apart mode of four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe joint-cutting pipe vertical with the four-way that water bag is housed that powder stick is housed is adopted to load explosive and water bag in described major diameter blasting hole, and by two detonating fuse ignition charge, complete the anti-reflection operation of low ventilative high seam explosion; The external diameter of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way is 48mm, wall thickness is 4mm, internal diameter is 40mm, length is 1500mm, and its two ends are respectively inner ring screw thread and the outer ring screw thread of each 100mm length complemented one another; The joint-cutting of described four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe aligns in the vertical mutually with the joint-cutting of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of adjacent four-way; Every bar joint-cutting on described four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe is of a size of length × wide=250mm × 4mm, in the vertical adjacent two joint-cuttings be spaced apart 50mm, the joint-cutting of four positions staggers 60 ~ 70mm in the vertical mutually in a circumferential direction;
Described major diameter blasting hole diameter is 60 ~ 80mm, and the degree of depth of described deep hole is 50 ~ 70m.
2. the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole according to claim 1 is anti-reflection, it is characterized in that, the mode of loading explosive in described major diameter blasting hole is radial Uncoincided charge, and its radial Uncoincided charge coefficient is 1.6 ~ 2.1.
3. the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole according to claim 2 is anti-reflection, is characterized in that, push in blasting hole after the vertical joint-cutting pipe of multiple four-way is interconnected, and in Loose Blasting aperture place filling yellow mud volume blocking big gun hole.
4. the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole according to claim 3 is anti-reflection, it is characterized in that, the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way is interconnected, on the cruciform girder of first four-way vertical joint-cutting pipe bottom of detonating fuse colligation bottom blasting hole in screw thread socket mode.
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