CN103321669A - Method for increasing permeability of low-permeability coal seam by means of deep-hole directional pre-splitting blasting - Google Patents
Method for increasing permeability of low-permeability coal seam by means of deep-hole directional pre-splitting blasting Download PDFInfo
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing the permeability of a low-permeability coal seam by means of deep-hole directional pre-splitting blasting. The method includes constructing large-diameter blast holes in the high-gassy low-permeability coal seam in a conventional operation mode; using four-way perpendicular joint-cutting pipes as blasting explosive charging pipes and water bag charging pipes; arranging the four-way perpendicular joint-cutting pipes loaded with explosive cartridges and the four-way perpendicular joint-cutting pipes loaded with water bags at intervals to fill explosive into the blast holes, and detonating the explosive in each blast hole by double detonating fuses to complete operation for increasing the permeability of the low-permeability thick coal seam. Longitudinal cut joints are respectively circumferentially formed at a 0-degree position, a 90-degree position, a 180-degree position and a 270-degree position of each four-way perpendicular joint-cutting pipe. The method has the advantages that crack networks which are communicated with one another can be formed in the coal seam after blasting, the permeability of the low-permeability high-gassy coal seam can be improved, a gas extraction effect is guaranteed, the gas extraction efficiency is high, and gas disaster accidents can be prevented to a certain degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly put the presplit blasting construction technology for the anti-reflection gas exhaust of lower permeability seam, relate in particular to the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of a kind of deep hole.
Background technology
Having over half in the existing colliery all is high gas and coal and gas outburst mine.Gas is generally composed with two kinds of forms and is stored in the coal seam, i.e. adsorbed state and free state.In the gas amount of ocurrence of coal seam, the adsorption gas amount accounts for more than 90% usually, and the free gas amount only has about 10%.When seam mining, the gas that is trapped in the coal seam constantly discharges with the disturbance of seam mining, and its harm is mainly manifested in three aspects: gas asphyxiation, gas explosion, coal and Gas Outburst.According to statistics, in the China's coal-mine accident, be gas explosion accident more than 40%, wherein in serious accident, gas explosion accident accounts for more than 82%.The Gas Disaster that takes place frequently of coal mine gas explosion is one of major casualty that threatens Safety of Coal Mine Production always, not only coal production has been caused and had a strong impact on, simultaneously Chinese national economy and social stability development also having been caused ill effect, is the significant problem that needs to be resolved hurrily in China's mining development.
In the prior art, Chinese scholars has also been carried out a large amount of research work aspect gas control, obtained certain achievement, and has formed the effective measures of some control Gas Disasters.Wherein, the gas pumping technology is considered to prevent one of effective method of Gas Disaster.Yet along with the increase of the seam mining degree of depth, coal seam gas-bearing capacity increases, pressure increases, and the permeability in most coal seams only is (0.001～0.1) * 10
-3Um
2, gas permeability of coal seam is low, thereby has had a strong impact on extraction rate and the extracting result of coal-bed gas.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of a kind of deep hole, the method forms the Fracture Networks that mutually connects after making the coal seam explosion, improve the gas permeability of low-permeable high gas layer, to guarantee the effect of gas pumping, obtain higher gas pumping efficient, prevented to a certain extent simultaneously because blowing out the generation of the Gas Disaster accidents such as the gas explosion that causes, Gas Outburst.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole of the present invention comprises step:
At first, adopt the routine work mode, construction major diameter blasting hole in high gas lower permeability seam;
Then, adopt the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way as blast charging pipe and dress water bag pipe, 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way circumferencial direction and 270 ° of four positions are respectively equipped with longitudinally joint-cutting;
Afterwards, adopt the spaced apart mode of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way joint-cutting pipe vertical with the four-way that water bag is housed that powder stick is housed in described blasting hole, to load explosive, and by two detonating fuse ignition charges, finish the low ventilative anti-reflection operation of high seam explosion.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of the deep hole that the embodiment of the invention provides is owing at first adopting the routine work mode, construction major diameter blasting hole in high gas lower permeability seam; Then adopt the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way as blast charging pipe and dress water bag pipe, 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way circumferencial direction and 270 ° of four positions are respectively equipped with longitudinally joint-cutting; Adopt afterwards the spaced apart mode of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way joint-cutting pipe vertical with the four-way that water bag is housed that powder stick is housed in described blasting hole, to load explosive, and by two detonating fuse ignition charges, finish the low ventilative anti-reflection operation of high seam explosion.Form the Fracture Networks that mutually connects after making the coal seam explosion, improve the gas permeability of low-permeable high gas layer, to guarantee the effect of gas pumping, obtain higher gas pumping efficient, prevent to a certain extent the generation of Gas Disaster accident simultaneously.
Description of drawings
The big gun hole layout schematic diagram of the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the invention is anti-reflection;
The big gun hole longitudinally cutting schematic diagram of the method that the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the invention is anti-reflection;
Fig. 3 is the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way and powder stick structural representation in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way and water bag structural representation in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way transverse cross sectional schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is two detonating fuse colligation schematic diagrames of the vertical joint-cutting Guan Zaikong of four-way bottom in the embodiment of the invention.
Among the figure: 1, large diameter, deep borehole blasting hole (be called for short blasting hole or big gun hole), 2, the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way (being called for short the joint-cutting pipe), 3, prefabricated joint-cutting (abbreviation joint-cutting), 4, powder stick, 5, water bag, 6, the yellow mud volume, 7, detonating fuse, 8, cruciform girder.
The specific embodiment
The below will be described in further detail the embodiment of the invention.
The anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole of the present invention, its better specific embodiment is:
Comprise step:
At first, adopt the routine work mode, construction major diameter blasting hole in high gas lower permeability seam;
Then, adopt the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way as blast charging pipe and dress water bag pipe, 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way circumferencial direction and 270 ° of four positions are respectively equipped with longitudinally joint-cutting;
Afterwards, adopt the spaced apart mode of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way joint-cutting pipe vertical with the four-way that water bag is housed that powder stick is housed in described major diameter blasting hole, to load explosive, and by two detonating fuse ignition charges, finish the low ventilative anti-reflection operation of high seam explosion.
The joint-cutting of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way aligns in the vertical mutually with the joint-cutting of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of adjacent four-way.
The mode of filling explosive is coupling charging not radially in the described blasting hole, its radially not the coupling charging coefficient be 1.6～2.1.
Described blasting hole diameter is 60～80mm, pushes in the blasting hole after the vertical joint-cutting pipe of a plurality of four-ways interconnects, and stops up the big gun hole at place, Loose Blasting aperture filling yellow mud volume.
The vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way interconnects in screw thread socket mode, and the detonating fuse colligation is on the cruciform girder of the first vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way bottom of blasting hole bottom.
The external diameter of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way is that 48mm, wall thickness are that 4mm, internal diameter are 40mm, the long 1500mm of being, its two ends are respectively long inner ring screw thread and the outer ring screw thread of each 100mm that complements one another.
Every joint-cutting on the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way is of a size of length * wide=250mm * 4mm, and adjacent two joint-cuttings is spaced apart 50mm on axis direction.
The anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole of the present invention, form the Fracture Networks that mutually connects after making the coal seam explosion, improve the gas permeability of low-permeable high gas layer, to guarantee the effect of gas pumping, obtain higher gas pumping efficient, prevent to a certain extent the generation of Gas Disaster accident simultaneously.
Mentality of designing of the present invention is:
By analyzing the characteristic of Coal Pore Structure and hole, drawing the formed huge network in hole-crack is the gas migration passage, and the gas migration amount is how much relevant with the factors such as mechanical property of coal seam permeability and coal body destruction.By analyzing the deep hole presplitting blasting technique to the mechanism of action of low-permeable high gas layer, draw explosive charge after, the effect of detonation stress wave and detonation gas is the principal element that a large amount of cracks of coal body medium generate.The Dynamic Fracture mechanism of its blasting process institute foundation is: under the effect of detonation stresses ripple, radial cracking at first occurs on every side along the big gun hole, produce a large amount of cracks; Then, in the crack that detonation gas wedge people has opened, the crack is further expanded, and then around boring, form the Radial crack band.For the energy Main Function that makes stress wave in broken coal, in coal body, form the connection fracture network centered by the big gun hole.For this reason, the present invention proposes the new approaches that adopt the explosion of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way.The explosion of joint-cutting pipe has cumulative action, the explosive charge energy can preferentially discharge at the joint-cutting place, the coal body of broken joint-cutting direction, make the coal body of prefabricated joint-cutting direction form more crackle, enlarged the crack scope that the party makes progress, at the powder charge pipe four-way joint-cutting is set, has greatly promoted the scope of the connecting fracture network of big gun hole coal body formation on every side.Simultaneously, in order further to increase the broken scope of coal body, in coal body, form the Fracture Networks that mutually connects, prolong detonation gas to the action time of broken coal.For this reason, the present invention proposes the new method that adopts the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way and powder stick joint-cutting pipe vertical with four-way and water bag spaced loading.Because water still shows very strong Incoercibility under HTHP, a kind of fluid of green non-pollution simultaneously, can be good at transmission of pressure, water bag is sharply compressed, is broken under the high pressure effect of explosion wave, form water jet " cutting " coal body, the fracturing coal body forms crackle.Subsequently, move in the coal body crack that water has opened on every side along the big gun hole under the impetus of detonation gas, detonation gas and water form coupling, jointly the coal body crack is formed " wedge effect ", wedging coal body crack, the crack is further expanded, prolonged the action time of detonation gas to the coal body crack, then around boring, form radial wave shape wave fissure zone.Simultaneously, the spark that all right establishment of " water smoke " of water jet generation or elimination blast produce has reduced the danger that coal-bed gas explodes.
Operating principle of the present invention is:
At first, in order to have increased the gas permeability in coal seam, deep, make that methane gas changes free state into by adsorbed state in the coal seam, the pump drainage that improves coal-bed gas gas is put effect.Can adopt the routine work mode, construction deep hole presplitting shot hole in lower permeability seam, blasthole diameter is generally 60～80mm, and the degree of depth is generally 50～70m, specifically decides on the thickness in coal seam and the degree of depth of drawing-off gas etc.
Because the joint-cutting pipe has cumulative action, blasting energy preferentially discharges along the joint-cutting direction, and it is concentrated to produce stress in the joint-cutting direction, fracture is preferentially produced along the joint-cutting direction, therefore at the powder charge pipe the vertical joint-cutting of four-way is set, the joint-cutting size is 250mm * 4mm(to be grown * wide), adjacent two joint-cuttings longitudinally spacing are 50mm.Be to increase the air permeable effect of coal body, guarantee that the coal body all directions form even connection fracture network, the 62.5mm that should mutually stagger of vertical joint-cutting in a circumferential direction.Simultaneously, for rigidity and the stability that increases the joint-cutting pipe, joint-cutting Guan Buhui unstability distortion when guaranteeing powder charge, the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way can be controlled between 1.5m～2.5m.
For make things convenient for dynamite charge be connected with connection 100mm long supporting inner ring screw thread and outer ring screw thread are set at the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way two ends respectively, the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way that powder stick is housed is connected in screw thread socket mode at the interval in turn with the vertical joint-cutting pipe of the four-way that water bag is housed, and then slowly pushes the big gun hole.Wherein, the crossbeam of two right-angled intersections should be set in the first undercut slit-tube end of bottom, big gun hole, be used for making things convenient for fixedly detonating fuse, two detonating fuses directly extend to outside the big gun hole along the powder charge inside pipe walls.
Generally, adopt special powder stick and water bag filling big gun hole, wherein powder stick is diameter 38mm, the cylindrical cartridge bag of long 1000mm, and the diameter of water bag is identical with powder stick with length.
At last, in the big gun hole, load explosive.In the certain distance of distance aperture, stop up the big gun hole with the yellow mud volume.Adopt two detonating fuses all big gun holes of detonating simultaneously, finish the directed presplit blasting construction of deep hole.
Generally, in the scope of distance aperture 10m, stop up with the yellow mud volume, and adopt two fuse arming test experiment initiation explosives, improve the reliability of explosion.When explosion occurs in the big gun hole, form cumulative action in the joint-cutting direction, coal body preferentially expands crack surface along joint-cutting, form a relatively long fissure zone, water bag is sharply compressed, breaks by the strong pressure of detonation stresses ripple and detonation wave generation simultaneously, form water jet " cutting " coal body on every side, the fissure zone scope is further enlarged.Subsequently, water is wedged rapidly the coal body crack under the impetus of detonation gas, detonation gas and water form " coupling ", jointly the coal body crack is formed " wedge effect ", the coal body crack is further expanded, and form radial wave shape wave fissure zone around in the big gun hole, finally in coal body, form the connecting fracture network that mutually connects.
The present invention adopts the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way and the vertical joint-cutting pipe of the four-way that water bag is housed decked charge fashion that powder stick is housed, and water cutting and joint-cutting pipe blasting technique are organically combined, and specifically is applied in the anti-reflection job execution of lower permeability seam presplit blasting.Wherein, easy to connect, the easy operating of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way; Powder stick, water bag decked charge fashion are simple to operate, applied widely.Simultaneously, the explosion of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way can improve the scope in coal body crack greatly, is conducive in the big gun hole form larger fissure zone on every side; Powder stick, water bag decked charge fashion combine acting in conjunction in coal body with detonation stresses ripple, detonation wave, water jet and detonation gas with water coupling homenergic, greatly improved the utilization rate of explosive charge energy, greatly increase the crack scope of coal body, in coal body, formed the connecting fracture network that mutually connects.Simultaneously, the spark that all right establishment of " water smoke " of water jet generation or elimination blast produce has reduced the danger that coal-bed gas explodes.The method has increased the gas permeability of low air permeability coal seam greatly, has improved the effect that gas exhaust is put, and has prevented to a certain extent the generation of Gas Disaster simultaneously, has guaranteed the safety in production of mine.
Specific embodiment:
The anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of the deep hole that adopts the vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 of four-way and powder stick 4 joint-cutting pipe 2 vertical with four-way to combine with water bag 5 decked charge fashions.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, take 3 big gun holes as example, concrete steps comprise:
Generally, the coal seam is thicker, and gas permeability is low, and gas is present in the coal seam mainly with adsorbed state, and construction deep hole blasting hole 1 can discharge the methane gas in coal seam, deep, increases the gas permeability in coal seam, is conducive to improve the effect of high seam gas pumping.Generally speaking, large diameter, deep borehole blasting hole 1 diameter is 60～80mm, and big gun hole 1 is 50～60m deeply, and big gun hole 1 spacing is 10～15m, specifically decides on the thickness in coal seam and the conditions such as the degree of depth of drawing-off gas.
Because joint-cutting has cumulative action, adopt the vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 filling explosives of four-way, and the joint-cutting 3 of adjacent joint-cutting pipe 2 can align mutually in the assurance powder charge process, and quick-fried living energy priority is discharged along the precrack direction, and upwards forms long crackle the party.After the blast, form radial wave shape wave fissure zone on every side in the big gun hole, finally in coal body, form the connecting fracture network that mutually connects, increased the gas permeability of coal body, improved the pump drainage effect of coal gas gas.Adopt powder stick 4, water bag 5 spaced loading structures, detonation stresses ripple, detonation wave, water jet and detonation gas are combined with water coupling homenergic, acting in conjunction is in coal body, improved the utilization rate of explosive charge energy, greatly increase the scope in coal body crack, increased the gas permeability of coal body.
Adopt the vertical joint-cutting pipe 2 of four-way, powder stick 4 and water bag 5 spaced loading structures, water bag 5 break form " water smoke " that water jet produces can establishment or eliminate the spark that explosive charge produces, improved the safety of highly gassy mine blast operation, reduce the danger of the Gas Disasters such as coal mine gas from explosion, guaranteed the safety in production in colliery.
Certainly, each parameter is a preferred parameter in the specific implementation process in the above-mentioned steps, and the parameters such as the degree of depth in big gun hole 1, spacing, explosive payload also need to consider according to the characteristics in concrete coal seam, and its numerical value can not be unified, and does not repeat them here.
The above; only for the better specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (7)
1. the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole is characterized in that, comprises step:
At first, adopt the routine work mode, construction major diameter blasting hole in high gas lower permeability seam;
Then, adopt the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way as blast charging pipe and dress water bag pipe, 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way circumferencial direction and 270 ° of four positions are respectively equipped with longitudinally joint-cutting;
Afterwards, the spaced apart mode of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way joint-cutting pipe vertical with the four-way that water bag is housed that powder stick is equipped with in employing filling explosive and water bag in the described major diameter blasting hole, and by two detonating fuse ignition charges, finish the low ventilative anti-reflection operation of high seam explosion.
2. the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the joint-cutting of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way aligns in the vertical mutually with the joint-cutting of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of adjacent four-way.
3. the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the mode of filling explosive is coupling charging not radially in the described major diameter blasting hole, its radially not the coupling charging coefficient be 1.6～2.1.
4. the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described major diameter blasting hole diameter is 60～80mm, push in the blasting hole after the vertical joint-cutting pipe of a plurality of four-ways interconnects, and stop up the big gun hole at the yellow mud volume of place, Loose Blasting aperture filling certain depth.
5. the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way interconnects in screw thread socket mode, and the detonating fuse colligation is on the cruciform girder of the first vertical joint-cutting pipe of four-way bottom of blasting hole bottom.
6. the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the external diameter of the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way is that 48mm, wall thickness are that 4mm, internal diameter are 40mm, the long 1500mm of being, its two ends are respectively long inner ring screw thread and the outer ring screw thread of each 100mm that complements one another.
7. the anti-reflection method of the directed presplit blasting lower permeability seam of deep hole according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, every joint-cutting on the vertical joint-cutting pipe of described four-way is of a size of length * wide=250mm * 4mm, adjacent two joint-cuttings is spaced apart 50mm, the joint-cutting of four positions 60～70mm that mutually staggers in the vertical in a circumferential direction in the vertical.
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| CN103467218A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2013-12-25 | 安徽理工大学 | Blasting charge structure |
| CN103486910A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-01 | 安徽理工大学 | Cooperative blasting charge structure and charge method thereof |
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