CN103319500A - 一类新型苯二氮卓类镇静催眠药物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
1.一类新型苯二氮卓类化合物:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类新型苯二氮卓类镇静催眠药物。
背景技术
苯二氮卓类化合物是抗焦虑、镇静、催眠、抗肌强直、抗癫痫等的常用药物。传统的镇静催眠药(如巴比妥类等)等中枢抑制药,随剂量逐渐增加而产生镇静、催眠、嗜睡、抗惊厥和麻醉作用,中毒量可致呼吸麻痹而死亡。但60年代开始应用的苯二氮卓类并不符合上述规律,即使很大剂量也不引起麻醉。由于苯二氮卓类有较好的抗焦虑和镇静催眠作用,安全范围大,目前几已完全取代了巴比妥类镇静催眠药。
传统苯二氮卓类镇静催眠药物为亲脂性物质,迅速起效,可透过血-脑脊液屏障及胎盘屏障,血浆蛋白结合率很高。药物主要在肝脏代谢,其代谢依赖肝脏中富含的P450酶系代谢为羟基化产物,增加其极性,再与葡萄糖醛酸结合由肾脏排出。故在肝脏肾脏功能不全或老年患者的使用中,需要减量或停用。且和诸多影响P450酶系活性的药物或酒精合用时,对实际药效有很大影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一类新型苯二氮卓衍生物以及它们的镇静催眠用途。
由于苯二氮卓类的药物代谢物常保持了一定的镇静催眠活性,且安全性更好,故应用计算机辅助药物设计技术,设计了一系列未经报道的新型苯二氮卓类化合物。这类新型的苯二氮卓类衍生物,均带有羟基,分子极性的增加使其在代谢中减小对P450酶系的依赖,减小了肝肾负担。通过对其镇静催眠活性的测定,安全性较好且镇静效果显著,可作为潜在的新型苯二氮卓类镇静催眠药物。
本发明的内容如下:
1.一类新型苯二氮卓类衍生物:
2.本发明所涉及的新型苯二氮卓类衍生物在文献中未见报道,与传统苯二氮卓类镇静催眠药物相比,保留了苯二氮卓的核心结构,但分子极性较高,可不经过肝脏中P450酶系代谢,降低药物代谢中肝脏负担,使其可用于老年或肝肾功能较弱的患者。根据活性测试,在较低剂量下对小鼠有较强的镇静催眠活性,且急性毒性较低,可作为潜在的新型苯二氮卓类镇静催眠药物。
具体实施方式
实施例一:新型苯二氮卓类衍生物对催眠剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠的影响采用小鼠戊巴比妥钠催眠剂量试验来测定新型苯二氮卓类衍生物的镇静催眠效果,化合物的制备见实施例四、五。
(1)实验动物:ICR小鼠,体重18~22g,一级。每只小鼠只使用1次。动物房恒温恒湿(温度22℃±3℃,湿度50%±10%),采用12h昼夜节律控制(8:00~20:00)。笼养(440mm×270mm×178mm),每笼12~15只,食水不限。实验开始前,动物在动物房7d以适应环境。
(2)实验方法:ICR小鼠按体重随机分组,每组15只,对照组给予生理盐水,阳性对照组为地西泮(2mg/kg),待测化合物给药剂量为1mg/kg,2mg/kg,各组给药后30min,小鼠腹腔注射催眠剂量(35mg/kg)的戊巴比妥钠。采用双盲实验,观察者未知实验前每组动物所给药物。注射戊巴比妥钠后观察判断小鼠是否入睡并记录入睡潜伏期和睡眠时间。入睡的判断标准是:将小鼠背向下放置在温暖的底面,翻正反射消失时间≥5min判断为入睡,<5min不判断为入睡。睡眠潜伏期计为从腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠到出现翻正反射消失之后1min所需的时间,睡眠时间计为翻正反射消失1min到翻正反射恢复为止。所有小鼠在实验中均只使用1次。
表1.化合物1-3对催眠剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠的影响(n=15)
实施例二:新型苯二氮卓类衍生物对阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠作用的影响
采用小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量试验来测定新型苯二氮卓类衍生物的镇静催眠效果。
小鼠来源与实施例一相同。
ICR小鼠按体重随机分组,每组15只,对照组给予生理盐水,阳性对照组为地西泮(2mg/kg),待测化合物给药剂量为1mg/kg,2mg/kg,各组给药后30min,小鼠腹腔注射阈下剂量(25mg/kg)的戊巴比妥钠。采用双盲实验,观察者未知实验前每组动物所给药物。注射戊巴比妥钠后观察30分钟内翻正反射消失达1分钟以上的小鼠数。
表2.化合物1-3对阈下催眠剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠的作用
实施例三:新型苯二氮卓类衍生物的小鼠急性毒性
采用小鼠经腹腔和经静脉急性毒性实验来测定新型苯二氮卓类衍生物的急性毒性。
小鼠来源与实施例一相同。
选用ICR小鼠,各批实验按随机分组,分为1个对照组和5个不同药物剂量组(100mg/kg,150mg/kg,225mg/kg,337.5mg/kg,506.25mg/kg),每组10只小鼠,雌雄各半,按0.20ml/10g体重1次腹腔注射给药。使用相同的分组和实验方法,按0.18ml/10g体重一次经脉注射给药,分别观察并记录两种给药方式小鼠出现中毒症状的时间、表现和死亡时间,对死亡动物进行尸解肉眼观察检查。
根据各组的小鼠死亡数,用Bliss法计算动物半数死亡剂量(LD50)。
表3.化合物1-3对小鼠急性半数致死量
实施例四:化合物1的制备
以7-氯-5-(2-氟苯)-1,3-二氢-3-羟基-2H-1,4-本骈二氮-2-酮为中间体合成化合物1。取3.2g 7-氯-5-(2-氟苯)-1,3-二氢-3-羟基-2H-1,4-本骈二氮-2-酮,15mmol氯甲醛肟和5mmol三乙胺在90ml甲苯中反应3h后,TLC纯化得化合物1,产率为65%。
实施例五:化合物2的制备
以7-氯-5-(2-氟苯)-1,3-二氢-3-羟基-2H-1,4-本骈二氮-2-酮为中间体合成化合物1。将取3.2g 7-氯-5-(2-氟苯)-1,3-二氢-3-羟基-2H-1,4-本骈二氮-2-酮溶于四氯化碳中,通入干燥氯气20min,2h后抽滤收集沉淀。加入4.3g二甲酰氨基钠,60ml二氧六环,回流6h,使用氯仿萃取后,蒸干溶剂得到化合物2,产率56%。
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