CN103300221A - Favorite forage grass of Qinling Mountain forest musk deer and collecting time of favorite forage grass - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses favorite forage grass of a Qinling Mountain forest musk deer and collecting time of the favorite forage grass. The favorite forage grass comprises melia azedarach, malus baccata, rhus potaninii, kerria japonica, celastrus orbiculatus and ulmus bergmanniana according to a mass ratio of 3 to 2 to 1 to 1 to 1 to 1. According to the grass, the common and easy-to-collect plants are selected according to the natural vegetation characteristics of the Qinling Mountain area, and the determined plants are great in resource reserve. According to the grass, a buffet dinner method is adopted for determining the favorite plants of the forest musk deer, the grass is close to the natural food selection of the forest musk deer, and a plant feed matching ratio meeting nutritional requirements of the forest musk deer is determined. According to the grass and the collecting time, the nutritional ingredient change of the favorite plants is determined monthly for the first time, time periods suitable for collecting the favorite plants are selected, winter food for the forest musk deer is reserved, and the nutritional requirements of the forest musk deer in the winter are ensured.

Description

Happiness food forage grass and the acquisition time thereof of Qinling Mountains woods musk deer

Technical field

The present invention relates to happiness food forage grass and the acquisition time thereof of a kind of Qinling Mountains woods musk deer.

Background technology

The woods musk deer is the important wildlife resource of China, is the former animal of rare traditional Chinese medicine Moschus.Owing to continual artificial disturbance, the distribution of wild woods musk deer and quantity are manually supported the effective way that musk deer becomes protection musk deer class resource and satisfies the Moschus market demand all in serious reduction in recent decades.Qinling area is the important producing region of the important distributed area of China woods musk deer and Moschus, also be manually to support one of musk deer starting area the earliest, but the woods musk deer aquaculture of Qinling area does not form scale so far, and one of them key reason is that the nutrition problem of feeding of propagating woods musk deer under the condition artificially is not properly settled.The feed kind of woods musk deer and source are totally different at present, cause the forage compounding of each feed lot, the mode of feeding, nutrition supply etc. all to have very big difference, have also had a strong impact on the scientific management that the woods musk deer is raised population.Therefore, happiness food floristics and the prescription thereof of research woods musk deer are to improve woods musk deer artificial feeding standard, promote the problem demanding prompt solution that population breeds and develops.

Qinling area is located in the floral alternate zone in China north and south, has very high Plant Diversity, is the silo of woods musk deer natural food.Present woods musk deer leaf and various melon and fruit and a small amount of concentrated feed of fresh collection of feeding summer, leaf and a small amount of concentrated feed of feeding winter and drying.The natural leaf that winter and summer is fed and concentrated feed all lack scientific basis, have not only limited the kind of searching for food of woods musk deer, and may cause nutritional deficiency.Therefore, investigate the vegetation characteristics of Qinling area, filter out the floristics of common and easy collection; Measure the woods musk deer by scientific experiment and like phytophagous kind and food consumption proportion, again these plants are carried out different phenology stage full nutrition Epidemiological Analysis, determine the every kind of phytophagous optimal acquisition of happiness period; Formulate accordingly the optimum feed proportioning of woods musk deer, gather and Storage Stages summer, guarantees the Winter foods supply.

The happiness food floristics of woods musk deer, reasonable food consumption proportion and the foundation of determining to provide for artificial feeding woods musk deer the science practicality of optimal acquisition time; for the feeding standard of formulating the woods musk deer provides important reference; the protection of resources of woods musk deer, rationally utilization and scientific management are had certain directive significance, thereby promote better artificial development of supporting the musk deer industry.

Summary of the invention

The happiness food floristics and the acquisition time thereof that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of definite Qinling Mountains woods musk deer.

The happiness food forage grass of the Qinling Mountains provided by the present invention woods musk deer is comprised of China tree, dwarf apple, blue or green bran poplar, jews marro, celastrus orbiculatus and emerging wych-elm.

In the above-mentioned happiness food forage grass, the mass ratio of described China tree, described dwarf apple, described blue or green bran poplar, described jews marro, described celastrus orbiculatus and described emerging wych-elm can be 3:2:1:1:1:1.

In the above-mentioned happiness food forage grass, collection all are blades of described China tree, dwarf apple, blue or green bran poplar, jews marro, celastrus orbiculatus and emerging wych-elm.

The present invention also further provides the optimal acquisition time of described happiness food forage grass, described dwarf apple and described celastrus orbiculatus are May at the acquisition time of Qinling area, described jews marro is June at the acquisition time of Qinling area, described emerging wych-elm and China tree are July at the acquisition time of Qinling area, and described blue or green bran poplar is August at the acquisition time of Qinling area.

The present invention has following advantage:

(1) the present invention is directed to the natural vegetation feature of Qinling area, select floristics common, easy collection, guarantee definite floristics have larger resource reserve.

(2) the present invention adopts the buffet method to determine the happiness food floristics of woods musk deer first, presses close to the natural food of woods musk deer and selects, and determines the plant feed proportioning that meets woods musk deer nutritional need.

(3) the present invention changes by measuring the phytophagous nutritional labeling of happiness month first, select to be suitable for gathering every kind of phytophagous time period of happiness, and the Winter foods of deposit woods musk deer, guarantee the woods musk deer nutritional need in winter.

The specific embodiment

Employed experimental technique is conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.

Used material, reagent etc. if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels among the following embodiment.

Determining of embodiment 1, Qinling Mountains woods musk deer happiness food grass seeds class and food consumption proportion

1, woods musk deer edible plant screening

Consult related data and understand Qinling Mountains vegetation, determine 17 Plants (as shown in table 1) of the edible and common easy collection of Qinling Mountains woods musk deer: crinosity cherry (Cerasus polytricha), the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine (Schisandra chinensls), Litsea pungens (Litsea cubeba), jews marro (Kerria japonica), wart point winged euonymus (Euonymus verrucosoides), emerging wych-elm (Ulmus bergmanniana), Lindera obtusiloba (Lindera obtusiloba), bitter candy (Lonicera fragrantissima), dwarf apple (Malus baccata), blue or green bran poplar (Rhus potaninii), celastrus orbiculatus (Celastrus orbiculatus), Fructus Aceris elegantulis (Acer elegantulum), Fructus Aceris davidii (A.davidii), China tree (Melia azedarach), the bark of eucommia (Eucommia ulmoides), hair Lai (Swida walteri), threeleaf akebia (Akebia trifoliate).

The edible forage grass register of table 1 woods musk deer

2, the woods musk deer ingests, and grade classification is eaten in the forage grass happiness and food consumption proportion is determined

Search time is in May, 2012～2012 year August, and woods musk deer outdoor activity place is selected in the research place.

The buffet method is adopted in the food selection experiment, 2 times per month, carries out every other day.Every kind of fresh plant is placed 100 grams during experiment, other establishes control group, and experiment 16:30 that afternoon throws and raises, and what throwing was raised all is blades of each Plants, same time next day regains and measures its daily diet, during kind and the frequency of record woods musk deer feeding plant in 24 hours.

A: be feeding on same day amount

B ': the dry weight of leftover

E%: dry ratio

Adopt selectivity index (SI) to determine the ingest happiness food grade of forage grass of woods musk deer.Selectivity index (SI) adopts the plant quality ratio method to measure, calculate with the ratio of certain Plants grazing rate (RI) with certain Plants relative biomass (RB), that is: SI=RI/RB, wherein, the weight that RI is taken food for certain Plants accounts for the percentage of total foodstuff weight, and the injected volume of RB Plants accounts for the percentage of whole 17 Plants injected volumes.According to the selectivity index value, can be divided into 3 and select grade (table 2).

Table 2 the degree of preference and grade

Table 3 difference month woods musk deer is to food ration (g) and the selectivity index of 17 kinds of forage grasses

According to its daily diet with to select its happiness food forage grass of parameter identification be China tree (Melia azedarach), dwarf apple (Malus baccata), blue or green bran poplar (Rhus potaninii), jews marro (Kerria japonica), celastrus orbiculatus (Celastrus orbiculatus) and emerging wych-elm (Ulmus bergmanniana).

According to four months woods musk deers six kinds of mean values of liking food forage grass food rations are drawn food consumption proportion:

China tree: dwarf apple: blue or green bran poplar: jews marro: celastrus orbiculatus: emerging wych-elm=3:2:1:1:1:1.

According to above-mentioned each definite plant ratio, then preparation forage grass raise Qinling Mountains woods musk deer with this forage grass.Through observing, the woods musk deer sense of hearing and having a sharp sense of smell, eye is bright god, and chaeta is smooth neat, and food ration is normal and stable, and ight soil is long ellipse grains shape and smooth in appearance, and urine is faint yellow or water white transparency more, and crouch daytime more dwells, and morning and evening, activity was larger etc.

Determining of embodiment 2, Qinling Mountains woods musk deer happiness food herborization season

1, the conventional nutrition of happiness food forage grass becomes composition measurement

According to corresponding GB, measured first water (the Primary Moisture in the different month happiness food forage grasses, PM), in conjunction with water (Absorption Water, AW) [GB5009.3 ?2010], crude protein (Crude Protein, CP) [GB/T55511 ?2008], crude fat (Ether Extract, EE) [GB/T14772 ?2008], crude fibre (Crude Fiber, CF) [GB/T5009.10 ?2003], coarse ash (Crude Ash, CA) [GB5009.4 ?2010], NFE (Nitrogen Free Extract, and 8 indexs (table 4) such as total energy (Gross Energy, GE) [oxygen bomb calorimeter determination method] etc. NFE)).

The analysis of table 4 woods musk deer happiness food plant nutrient

2, the nutritive value in the different months of forage grass being eaten in the happiness of woods musk deer assesses

For the factor between two systems, it in time or different object and measuring of the relevance size that changes is called the degree of association.In systems development process, if the trend of two factors vary has uniformity, namely intensity of variation is higher synchronously, namely is that the two correlation degree is higher; Otherwise, then lower.Therefore, Grey Incidence Analysis is the similar or different degree according to development trend between the factor, that is " grey relational grade ", as a kind of method of correlation degree between the measurement factor.

The concrete analysis step is as follows:

(1) standardization (nondimensionalization): because each proterties dimension is different, must carries out nondimensionalization to each proterties initial data with the initial value method and process, that is, as the reference of this kind composition, all character values are divided by corresponding reference value (X with the maximum of every kind of nutritional labeling ₀).After the nondimensionalization of standard is processed, make 0＜X _i≤ 1.

Each nutritional labeling of table 5 woods musk deer happiness food forage grass is without the guiding principle quantification treatment

(2) reference material and the absolute difference of liking food forage grass characteristic index

Computing reference material and the absolute difference of liking each characteristic index of food plant, △ i (η) expression of the absolute difference of i kind on η proterties, namely

△ i (η)=│ Xo (η) ?Xi (η) │ (i=1,2 ..., 24; η=1,2 ..., 8), Xo in the formula (η)=1.00.

Table 6 reference material and the absolute difference of liking each characteristic index of food forage grass

(3) incidence coefficient

Can calculate the minimum absolute difference value according to table 6

With maximum absolute difference

And with minimum absolute difference value and maximum absolute difference substitution incidence coefficient formula:

$\mathrm{\ξi}=\frac{\frac{\min \min }{\mathrm{ij}}|\mathrm{Xo}\left(\mathrm{\η}\right)-\mathrm{Xi}\left(\mathrm{\η}\right)|+\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{\max \max }{\mathrm{ij}}|\mathrm{Xo}\left(\mathrm{\η}\right)-\mathrm{Xi}\left(\mathrm{\η}\right)|}{|\mathrm{Xo}\left(\mathrm{\η}\right)-\mathrm{Xi}\left(\mathrm{\η}\right)|+\mathrm{\ρ}\frac{\max \max }{\mathrm{ij}}|\mathrm{Xo}\left(\mathrm{\η}\right)-\mathrm{Xi}\left(\mathrm{\η}\right)}$

In the formula: ρ is the resolution ratio coefficient, is used for improving the significance of difference between incidence coefficient, span 0～1, and ρ=0.5 is got in this research.

With the incidence coefficient value substitution degree of association formula that calculates:

$\mathrm{\γ}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{k=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\ξ}}_i\left(\mathrm{\η}\right)$

In the following formula: γ is the degree of association, n=24.The incidence coefficient value of each material and every degree of association value the results are shown in table 7.

Incidence coefficient value and the degree of association of each proterties of table 7 woods musk deer happiness food forage grass

(4) overall merit of the structure of comprehensive evaluation model and confession examination material

With the degree of association value of each proterties of happiness food plant divided by the total degree of association sum γ n of each proterties, that is,

Can calculate the respective weights of each proterties, thereby judge the effect size of each proterties in happiness food comprehensive plant is estimated.By calculating β 1=0.15, β 2=0.12, β 3=0.09, β 4=0.14, β 5=0.13, β 6=0.17, β 7=0.19 can make up Qinling Mountains woods musk deer happiness food comprehensive plant evaluation model thus:

ψ=0.15 * ζ 1+0.12 ζ 2+0.09 ζ 3+0.14 ζ 4+0.13 ζ 5+0.17 ζ 6+0.19 ζ 7(ζ 1: first water incidence coefficient, ζ 2: the crude protein incidence coefficient, ζ 3: the crude fat incidence coefficient, ζ 4: the crude fibre incidence coefficient, ζ 5: the coarse ash incidence coefficient, ζ 6: the NFE incidence coefficient, ξ 7: the total energy incidence coefficient).

Calculate by this model, its overall merit score sees Table 8.Calculate dwarf apple and celastrus orbiculatus by assessment models and suit to gather in May, kerria suits to gather in June, and emerging wych-elm and China tree suit to gather in July, and blue or green bran poplar suits to gather in August.

The overall merit score of table 8 happiness food forage grass

Claims (3)

1. forage grass is eaten in the happiness of Qinling Mountains woods musk deer, it is characterized in that: described happiness food forage grass is comprised of China tree, dwarf apple, blue or green bran poplar, jews marro, celastrus orbiculatus and emerging wych-elm.

2. forage grass is eaten in happiness according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described happiness food forage grass, the mass ratio of described China tree, described dwarf apple, described blue or green bran poplar, described jews marro, described celastrus orbiculatus and described emerging wych-elm is 3:2:1:1:1:1.

3. the acquisition time of forage grasses is eaten in claim 1 or 2 described happinesses, it is characterized in that: described dwarf apple and described celastrus orbiculatus are May at the acquisition time of Qinling area, described jews marro is June at the acquisition time of Qinling area, described emerging wych-elm and China tree are July at the acquisition time of Qinling area, and described blue or green bran poplar is August at the acquisition time of Qinling area.