CN103296923A - Magnet-free bistable piezoelectric transducer - Google Patents
Magnet-free bistable piezoelectric transducer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnet-free bistable piezoelectric transducer which comprises a piezoelectric transduction unit, a fixture and a transmission unit. The piezoelectric transduction unit is made of piezoelectric materials; the piezoelectric transduction unit is clamped by the fixture, the fixture provides axial compressive force to the piezoelectric transduction unit, and the axial size of the piezoelectric transduction unit is larger than the distance between two clamp arms of the fixture; the transmission unit is used for outputting electric energy generated when the piezoelectric transduction unit deforms, and electric energy from an external power source can be inputted into the piezoelectric transduction unit by the transmission unit. The magnet-free bistable piezoelectric transducer has the advantages that the magnet-free bistable piezoelectric transducer not only can be used for collecting vibration energy, but also can be used as a driver to realize electric driving and on-off control functions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to piezoelectric and device and novel energy technical field, particularly, relate to a kind of magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from, this PZT (piezoelectric transducer) can utilize the vibrational energy of environment to generate electricity, also can under the driving of electric field, carry out violent oscillatory motion, realize functions such as switch, driving.
Background technology
Piezoelectric is a kind of functional material that can produce electric field under the mechanical stress effect, and this effect that produces electric field under the mechanical stress effect is called piezoelectric effect.In addition, piezoelectric also has inverse piezoelectric effect, namely produces the characteristic of mechanical stress or mechanical strain under effect of electric field.According to the standard (IEEE standard 176-1978) that IEEE-USA promulgates, following formula (1) is the constitutive equation of piezoelectric, can be used for characterizing piezoelectric effect and inverse piezoelectric effect.In this formula (1), S and T represent mechanical strain and mechanical stress respectively; E and D represent electric field strength and electric displacement respectively; S
EMechanical elasticity ratio of slenderness under the constant or null condition of expression electric field, ε
TDielectric constant under the constant or null condition of expression mechanical stress, d are the piezoelectric strain coefficients that characterizes the piezoelectric property power:
Found since the piezoelectric effect over more than 100 year from Curie in 1880 brother, people have utilized piezoelectric to develop various piezoelectric devices, comprise various resonators, transducer, filter, brake, SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) device, electro-optical device, magnetoelectricity device etc., these piezoelectric devices are widely used in every field such as information, the energy, environment, in the high-tech development irreplaceable important function are arranged.
Along with micro-electromechanical technology and development of integrated circuits, the energy consumption of electronic circuit was more and more lower in the last few years, and the energy consumption of some electronic device has been reduced to the microwatt magnitude, such as cardiac pacemaker, and micro-nano transducer, electronic tag etc.Therefore utilize environmental energy realization low power dissipation electron device to exempt from battery and confess that workable research becomes a focus in the last few years.Realize that for some special application fields the self energizing of electronic device has urgent and significant meaning.Such as in the Internet of Things field, wireless sensor node is ten hundreds of, use the conventional batteries power supply to have problems, for example the battery volume is big, the life-span short, be difficult to charge repeatedly etc., and particularly the wireless sensor node in building masonry wall realizes that the replacing of conventional batteries and charging almost are impossible.
And collect the technology that environmental energy is generated electricity, and mainly contain photovoltaic power generation technology at present, thermoelectric transformation technology, wind power generation etc., they have utilized the solar energy in the environment, thermal gradient energy, wind energy respectively.Also have a kind of widely distributed energy in the environment, namely vibrational energy was subjected to researcher's attention in the last few years gradually, became a big research focus.Utilizing the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric to carry out that vibrational energy collects is a kind of more effective vibrational energy collection mode.The piezoelectric energy gatherer has electromechanical conversion efficiency height, output voltage height, simple in structure, characteristics such as volume is little, the integrated requirement that is content with very little, and need not to add bias field, be not subjected to electromagnetic interference, so the piezoelectric energy gatherer has received increasing concern.
Though the piezoelectric energy gatherer has aforesaid series of advantages, distance satisfies application request fully and also has certain distance.The problem of restriction piezoelectric energy gatherer practical application mainly contains that frequency band is narrow, resonance frequency is high, energy acquisition efficient is low, theoretical model imperfection etc.But the non-linear piezoelectric energy collection technique that grows up recently solves these problems to a certain extent, has advanced the practical application process of piezoelectric energy gatherer.Non-linear piezoelectric energy collection technique is mainly reflected in structural design aspect and energy acquisition circuit aspect.The former is as disclosed bistable state piezoelectric energy gatherer among US Patent No. 20110095648 A1 etc., the latter such as the disclosed synchronous charge-extraction circuit of PCT application WO/2007/063194 etc.
Above-mentioned bistable structure piezoelectric energy gatherer is the illustration that nonlinear technology is used at the piezoelectric energy assembling sphere.Adopt this structure not only can increase bandwidth, reduce frequency, can also effectively improve output, increase energy conversion efficiency.But the realization of bistable structure at present all will realize the jump between the energy state by the interaction of magnet, magnet not only is subject to the influence of surrounding magnetic field in the vibrational energy collection process, the magnetic field of itself generation simultaneously also can exert an influence near electronic device, and this is not contradicted by the characteristic of electromagnetic interference with the piezoelectric energy gatherer.Therefore design the piezoelectric energy collecting device structure of exempting from magnet and just seem especially important and urgent.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from, this exempts from the collection that magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) not only can be used for vibrational energy, can also realize that electricity drives and the function of switch control as driver.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from provided by the invention comprises: possess the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit of being made by piezoelectric; The described piezoelectric energy-conversion of clamping unit is to provide the anchor clamps of axial compressive force to described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, the axial dimension of described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is greater than the distance between two jig arm of described anchor clamps; And be used for the electric energy output that the unit deformation of described piezoelectric energy-conversion is produced and can will input to the transmission unit of described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit from the electric energy of external power source.
According to the present invention, by anchor clamps clamping piezoelectric energy-conversion unit to provide axial compressive force to this piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, and because the axial dimension of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is slightly larger than the distance between two jig arm of anchor clamps, it is crooked that the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is produced, form epirelief and recessed two stable states, namely form the bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer).That is to say, bistable structure of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of the present invention forms by compression potential energy and the crooked potential energy of the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit that is subjected to axial compression itself, and do not need the interaction of magnet to form bistable state.
Thus, the bistable structure that is formed by axial compression and crooked two parts potential energy sum of the present invention, big, the problems such as structure is not compact, magnetic interference of volume that traditional bistable structure adopts magnet to bring have been exempted, has broadband simultaneously, low frequency, high output and high efficiency are not subjected to advantages such as electromagnetic interference.Of the present inventionly exempt from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) not only can be applied to vibrational energy in the environment by above-mentioned transmission unit collection; Also can under the control of electric field, realize the function of driving and switch.That is, can under electric field excitation, play the driving effect by the jump between the bistable state, as piezoelectric driving device; Can also under electric field excitation, play on-off action by the jump between the bistable state, as the Piezoelectric switches device.
Again, in the present invention, this is exempted from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and can also comprise being arranged on the described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit and provide inertia-powered power so that it produces the mass of deformation to it.
According to this configuration, exempt from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) carry out vibrational energy can be on the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit when collecting the installation quality piece, by this mass mainly be under mechanical oscillation excitations for the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit applies the required inertia force of bistable state jump, carry out the collection of vibrational energy thereby can more effectively realize utilizing this to exempt from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer).In addition, the material of this mass can be metal material, inorganic material, high-molecular organic material etc., and its geometry also can be different shape such as cylindrical, cube shaped.
Again, in the present invention, described anchor clamps can be the U-shaped anchor clamps, are provided with the groove for the described piezoelectric energy-conversion of clamping unit on the opposed inside surface of two jig arm of described anchor clamps respectively symmetrically, and the axial dimension of described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is greater than the distance between the described groove.
According to this configuration, the two ends of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit are by the groove clamping of U-shaped anchor clamps, and, because the axial dimension of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is bigger slightly than the distance between two grooves, after in two grooves that the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit are embedded in the U-shaped anchor clamps, two jig arm of U-shaped anchor clamps have axial compression to the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, therefore the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit will produce bending up or down, exempts from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) with this this and forms effectively and be bent upwards and reclinate stable state structure.
Again, in the present invention, described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit can be twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device, single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device, stacked piezoelectric energy transducer, the curved piezoelectric energy-conversion device of opening of V-arrangement.
According to this configuration, adopt twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device, single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device, stacked piezoelectric energy transducer, the curved piezoelectric energy-conversion device of V-arrangement etc. all can constitute piezoelectric energy-conversion unit of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of the present invention effectively.Its scope of application is extensive, and is simple in structure, is easy to make.
Again, in the present invention, described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit can be the compound magnetoelectric energy transducer of being made up of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material.
According to this configuration, when adopting this compound magnetoelectric energy transducer of being made up of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material as the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, magnetic field excitation can make described jump of exempting between the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) generation energy state.Thereby also can under the excitation in magnetic field, realize the collection of energy in magnetic field, field drives and magnetic control switch processed.
In said structure, described transmission unit can comprise the electrode cable that is connected in described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit.
According to this configuration, piezoelectric energy-conversion unit of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of the present invention is because the electric energy that the piezoelectric effect of its piezoelectric produces can be by this electrode cable output, thereby can be by the electric energy acquisition device collection of outside.In addition, external power source also can be by this electrode cable to the piezoelectric effect electric field in this piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, thereby because inverse piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric in the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit externally produces deformation under the electric field action of power supply, drive the variation of the variation of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit generation axial stretching and sag, thereby between two potential wells, jump, reach the effect of voltage switch control; Also can directly act as ancillary equipment with this jump mechanical force is provided, drive ancillary equipment work, can be used for accurate control and micro-nano manufacture field.
Again, in the present invention, described anchor clamps are to prop up the described piezoelectric energy-conversion of conditioned disjunction simple boundary condition clamping unit, border admittedly.
According to this configuration, anchor clamps can be the border conditions of propping up admittedly to the clamping boundary condition of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit in the described bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer), also can be the simple boundary conditions, can make anchor clamps provide axial compressive force to the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit effectively with this.And the function of these anchor clamps mainly is to provide axial compression stress and clamping boundary condition to the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, and its geometry, material therefor, method of clamping etc. are as the criterion to have this function, are not subjected to above-described restriction.
Again, in the present invention, described piezoelectric can be organic piezoelectric materials, piezoceramic material, monocrystalline piezoelectric material or leadless piezoelectric material material.Wherein, this organic piezoelectric materials can for example be the PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) serial organic piezoelectric materials etc.; This piezoceramic material can for example be the PZT(lead zirconate titanate) piezoelectric ceramic etc.; This monocrystalline piezoelectric material can for example be the PMNT(PMN-PT) piezoelectric crystal, PZNT(lead zinc niobate-lead titanates) piezoelectric crystal, quartz crystal etc.; This leadless piezoelectric material material for example can be the NBBT(bismuth sodium titanate-barium titanate) crystal or pottery.
According to this configuration, can adopt multiple piezoelectric to constitute piezoelectric energy-conversion unit of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of the present invention, its range of choice is wide, is easy to make and realize.
Again, in the above-mentioned structure of compound magnetoelectric energy transducer as the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit of being made up of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material, described magnetostrictive material can be the Terfenol-D(terbium dysprosium ferrums) magnetostrictive material or Metglass(metal glass) magnetostrictive material.
According to this configuration, can adopt above-mentioned Terfenol-D(terbium dysprosium ferrum) magnetostrictive material, Metglass(metal glass) mangneto telescopic material such as magnetostrictive material makes the compound magnetoelectric energy transducer of being made up of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material effectively, is beneficial to its effect under magnetic field excitation.
According to following embodiment also with reference to the accompanying drawings, above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage will be more clear.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the decomposing schematic representation according to the structure of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows the steady state picture that is bent upwards of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) according to Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 shows the reclinate steady state picture of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) according to Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 shows the potential energy diagram of exempting from piezoelectric energy-conversion unit in the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) according to Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram that vibrational energy is collected that is used for of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) according to Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram that is used for electricity driving and on-off action of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) according to Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 shows the structural representation of exempting from the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit in the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 shows the structural representation of exempting from the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit in the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 9 shows the structural representation of exempting from the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit in the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention;
Figure 10 shows the structural representation of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 shows the structural representation of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
By below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the preferred embodiments of the present invention being described in detail, can understand purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage better.
The invention provides a kind of magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from, comprising: possess the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit of being made by piezoelectric; The described piezoelectric energy-conversion of clamping unit is to provide the anchor clamps of axial compressive force to described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, the axial dimension of described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is greater than the distance between two jig arm of described anchor clamps; And be used for the electric energy output that the unit deformation of described piezoelectric energy-conversion is produced and can will input to the transmission unit of described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit from the electric energy of external power source.
According to the present invention, by anchor clamps clamping piezoelectric energy-conversion unit to provide axial compressive force to this piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, and because the axial dimension of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is slightly larger than the distance between two jig arm of anchor clamps, it is crooked that the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is produced, formation possesses the bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of epirelief and recessed two stable states, and does not need the interaction of magnet to form bistable state.Exempt big, the problems such as structure is not compact, magnetic interference of volume that traditional bistable structure adopts magnet to bring, had broadband simultaneously, low frequency, high output and high efficiency are not subjected to advantages such as electromagnetic interference.
Fig. 1 shows the decomposing schematic representation according to the structure of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of the first embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show being bent upwards and reclinate steady state picture after magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7 assembling of exempting from of Fig. 1 respectively.Embodiment shown in Figure 1 is to possess " U " clevis tool 6 and is that example is described in detail as the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from of the twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4, described anchor clamps and twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device just are used for the explanation specific embodiment, and the present invention is not so limited.
In first embodiment as shown in Figure 1, the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from of the present invention possesses the two ends of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 and this piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 of clamping so that the anchor clamps 6 of axial compressive force to be provided to this piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4.In the present embodiment, this piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 is made of twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 1, this twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device comprises two piezoelectrics 1 and is held on elastic sheet metal 2 between these two piezoelectrics 1.In one embodiment, these two piezoelectrics 1 are the PZT-5H piezoelectrics that is of a size of 46mm * 20mm * 0.2mm, and this sheet elastic sheet metal 2 is the beryllium copper sheets that are of a size of 46.60mm * 20mm * 0.2mm.This piezoelectric 1 passes through for example bonding formation piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 as shown in Figure 1 of epoxy resin (epoxy resin LER0350+ curing agent 593) with the beryllium copper sheet.This piezoelectric 1 in the thickness direction processing that polarizes, is connected in parallel as two piezoelectrics 1 of twin lamella before bonding, and extraction electrode lead 3 on sheet metal 2 and one of them piezoelectric 1 respectively, to link to each other with the external electrical device.
In addition, " U " clevis tool 6 has been provided with the groove 5 of clamping action respectively as shown in Figure 1 symmetrically on the opposed inside surface of two jig arm of described anchor clamps 6.In one embodiment of this invention, this groove 5 highly be about 0.7mm up and down, the distance between two grooves 5 (that is the distance between the opening degree of depth place facing surfaces of two grooves 5) is 46.58mm.As shown in phantom in Figure 1, the size of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 is bigger slightly than the distance between two grooves 5.
Press direction shown in the arrow among Fig. 1, the two ends of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 are embedded respectively among two grooves 5 of " U " clevis tool 6.In the present embodiment, because the two ends of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 are by groove 5 clampings of " U " clevis tool 6, thereby the clamping boundary condition of 5 pairs of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit of groove forms the simple boundary condition.
And, because the size of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 is bigger slightly than the distance between two grooves 5, after in two grooves 5 that piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 are embedded in " U " clevis tool 6, two jig arm of " U " clevis tool 6 have axial compression (shown in the lateral arrows of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) to piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4, therefore piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 will produce bending up or down, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, exempting from 7 formation of magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) with this this is bent upwards and reclinate bistable structure.
Above-mentioned exempt from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7 be bent upwards and reclinate bistable structure in, the amount of deflection w curve of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 bendings can be used the differential equation approximate solution of formula (2), and formula (3) is the sag curve of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 bendings that solve according to formula (2):
Wherein E is the Young's modulus of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4, and I is the cross sectional moment of inertia of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4, and F is axial force, and l is the distance between two grooves 5, c
0The static buckling amount of deflection of the intermediate point of expression piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4.
Total potential energy U(z when in addition, piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 is crooked) can use formula (4) approximate representation:
Wherein z is the up-down vibration displacement of the intermediate point of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4, and A is the cross-sectional area of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4.
Fig. 4 shows the potential energy diagram of exempting from piezoelectric energy-conversion unit in the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) according to Fig. 1.As shown in Figure 4, be the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 total potential energy U(z when crooked) with the relation curve of the up-down vibration displacement z of the intermediate point of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4, variation along with this vibration displacement z, there are two settling positions this piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4, and at vibrational energy during greater than the potential barrier of centre, can be implemented in two jumps between the potential well, show chaotic motion.Therefore the PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of this structure also has bistable characteristic, and this bistable realization is to rely on piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 these those long relations that disappear of crooked potential energy and compression potential energy own to realize, has removed the shortcoming that the interaction of traditional bistable structure dependence magnet produces two potential wells from.Therefore, fix the distance between two grooves 5, by regulating length or the c of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4
0Size, just can realize that potential barrier just regulates, thereby change the described complexity that magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7 jumps of exempting between this pair potential well.
Of the present inventionly exempt from the collection that magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7 not only can be applied to vibrational energy in the environment; Also can under the control of electric field, realize the function of driving and switch.That is, can under electric field excitation, play the driving effect by the jump between the bistable state, as piezoelectric driving device; Can also under electric field excitation, play on-off action by the jump between the bistable state, as the Piezoelectric switches device.
Particularly, in order to realize the collection of vibrational energy, as shown in Figure 5, can be on the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7 installation quality piece 8, and exempt from the certain mechanical oscillation Fsin ω t of magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7, mass 8 is because effect of inertia will pass to piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 to this mechanical oscillation.When mechanical oscillation intensity F reaches certain value, this is exempted from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7 and just can jump between two potential wells, the piezoelectric 1 that drives in the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 produces deformation, and piezoelectric 1 will be owing to piezoelectric effect at electrode cable 3 two ends output voltage or electric energy.Also as shown in Figure 5, this is exempted from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7 and is collected by electric energy acquisition end 9 through voltage or the electric energy of electrode cable 3 output.Because bistable nonlinear effect, this magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7 of exempting from can have bigger bandwidth than conventional linear piezoelectric energy gatherer, lower frequency, higher output electric energy and dynamo-electric transformation efficiency.
In addition, in order to realize electric field driven or on-off action, as shown in Figure 6, can directly apply certain control voltage 10 at the two ends of the electrode cable 3 of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 7.Because inverse piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric in the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 can produce deformation under the electric field action of control voltage 10, drive the variation that axial stretching variation and sag take place in piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4, thereby between two potential wells, jump, reach the effect of voltage switch control; Also can directly act as ancillary equipment with this jump mechanical force is provided, drive ancillary equipment work, can be used for accurate control and micro-nano manufacture field.
More than describe the embodiment that the present invention exempts from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) in detail, but the present invention is not limited to this.For example, in other embodiments of the invention, this piezoelectric energy-conversion unit of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) also can be single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device, stacked piezoelectric energy transducer, the curved piezoelectric energy-conversion device etc. of opening of V-arrangement.
Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 shows according to a second embodiment of the present invention the structural representation of exempting from the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit in the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) to the 4th embodiment respectively.Extremely shown in Figure 9 as Fig. 7, according to a second embodiment of the present invention to the exempting from the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of the 4th embodiment, the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit adopts single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device, stacked piezoelectric energy transducer, the curved structure of opening the piezoelectric energy-conversion device of V-arrangement respectively.
Particularly, piezoelectric energy-conversion unit shown in Figure 7 is made of single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device 11, and it possesses piezoelectric 1 and the elastic sheet metal 2 that bonds together mutually.Be similar to the twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device among above-mentioned first embodiment, this single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device 11 also can be by the clamping of " U " clevis tool, to form above-mentioned bistable structure.And, be similar to first embodiment, on the piezoelectric 1 of this single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device 11 and elastic sheet metal 2, can distinguish extraction electrode lead (diagram is omitted) to link to each other with the external electrical device, thereby can perhaps apply control voltage by this electrode cable to this single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device 11 through the output of this electrode cable by voltage or electric energy that the piezoelectric effect of this single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device 11 produces.
Again, piezoelectric energy-conversion unit shown in Figure 8 is made of stacked piezoelectric energy transducer 12, the piezoelectric 1 that it possesses elastic sheet metal 2 and is bonded in a plurality of laminations on the both sides of this elastic sheet metal 2 respectively.Be similar to the twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device among above-mentioned first embodiment, this stacked piezoelectric energy transducer 12 also can be by the clamping of " U " clevis tool, to form above-mentioned bistable structure.And, be similar to first embodiment, on the elastic sheet metal 2 of this stacked piezoelectric energy transducer 12 and one of them piezoelectric 1, can distinguish extraction electrode lead (diagram is omitted) linking to each other with the external electrical device, and the piezoelectric 1 of these a plurality of laminations is connected in parallel.
Again, piezoelectric energy-conversion unit shown in Figure 9 is made of the curved piezoelectric energy-conversion device 13 of opening of V-arrangement, the elastic sheet metal 2 that it possesses piezoelectric 1 and is arranged at " big cymbals shape " on the both sides of this piezoelectric 1 respectively.Be similar to the twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device among above-mentioned first embodiment, the curved piezoelectric energy-conversion device 13 of this V-arrangement also can be by the clamping of " U " clevis tool, to form above-mentioned bistable structure.And, be similar to first embodiment, on the curved piezoelectric 1 of opening piezoelectric energy-conversion device 13 of V-arrangement and one of them elastic sheet metal 2, can distinguish extraction electrode lead (diagram omission) linking to each other with the external electrical device, and the elastic sheet metal 2 of both sides is connected in parallel.
Again, in the additional embodiments of the present invention, the compound magnetoelectric energy transducer that this piezoelectric energy-conversion unit also can be made up of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material is for example with reference to Figure 11.The compound magnetoelectric energy transducer 16 that piezoelectric energy-conversion unit shown in Figure 11 is made up of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material constitutes, and it possesses magnetostrictive material 15 and is bonded in piezoelectric 1 on the both sides of these magnetostrictive material 15 respectively.Be similar to the twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device among above-mentioned first embodiment, being somebody's turn to do the compound magnetoelectric energy transducer of being made up of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material 16 also can be by the clamping of " U " clevis tool, to form above-mentioned bistable structure.And, be similar to first embodiment, on the magnetostrictive material 15 of this compound magnetoelectric energy transducer of being formed by piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material 16 and one of them piezoelectric 1, can distinguish extraction electrode lead (diagram is omitted) linking to each other with the external electrical device, and the piezoelectric 1 of both sides is connected in parallel.
At this moment, magnetic field excitation can make the jump between this bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) generation energy state.Thereby also can under the excitation in magnetic field, realize the collection of energy in magnetic field, field drives and magnetic control switch processed.Wherein, these magnetostrictive material can be the Terfenol-D(terbium dysprosium ferrums) magnetostrictive material, the Metglass(metal glass) magnetostrictive material etc.
Again, in other embodiments of the invention, anchor clamps also can prop up condition clamping piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, border admittedly.Figure 10 shows the structural representation of exempting from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 14 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, wherein, adopts the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit 4 two ends three degree of freedoms limited border condition of propping up admittedly fully.And because the function of anchor clamps mainly provides axial compression stress and clamping boundary condition to the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, therefore its geometry, material therefor, method of clamping etc. are as the criterion to have this function, not limited by the above, as long as make anchor clamps provide axial compressive force to the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit effectively.
In addition, in each embodiment that exempts from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of the present invention, piezoelectric can be organic piezoelectric materials, as the PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) serial organic piezoelectric materials etc.; Also can be piezoceramic material, as the PZT(lead zirconate titanate) piezoelectric ceramic etc.; Also can be monocrystalline piezoelectric material, as the PMNT(PMN-PT) piezoelectric crystal, PZNT(lead zinc niobate-lead titanates) piezoelectric crystal, quartz crystal etc.; Also can be all kinds of leadless piezoelectric material materials, as the NBBT(bismuth sodium titanate-barium titanate) crystal or pottery.This piezoelectric range of choice is wide, is easy to make and realize.
In addition, the geometry of above-mentioned piezoelectric energy-conversion unit can be cylindrical, also can be other shapes such as cuboid, has factors such as concrete service condition and used piezoelectric to determine.
Above-mentioned explanation is the elaboration of the present invention being carried out with certain embodiments, but the invention is not restricted to special parameter, certain material and the geometry in particular of above-described embodiment, and this embodiment only is schematically, rather than restrictive.Those skilled in the art is under the enlightenment of technical solution of the present invention; according to know-why of the present invention; under the situation that does not break away from aim of the present invention; can also do a lot of distortion; such as the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit or the magnetoelectricity composite transducer that adopt other types; perhaps change the material, size, geometry, the height of potential barrier, connection in series-parallel pattern, piezoelectric energy-conversion unit or the magnetoelectricity composite transducer clamping boundary condition etc. of piezoelectric of piezoelectric energy-conversion unit or magnetoelectricity composite transducer, these are all within protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. exempt from magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Possesses the piezoelectric energy-conversion unit of being made by piezoelectric;
The described piezoelectric energy-conversion of clamping unit is to provide the anchor clamps of axial compressive force to described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit, the axial dimension of described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is greater than the distance between two jig arm of described anchor clamps; And
Be used for the electric energy output that the unit deformation of described piezoelectric energy-conversion is produced and can will input to the transmission unit of described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit from the electric energy of external power source.
2. the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprising being arranged on the described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit provides inertia-powered power so that it produces the mass of deformation to it.
3. the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described anchor clamps are the U-shaped anchor clamps, be provided with the groove for the described piezoelectric energy-conversion of clamping unit on the opposed inside surface of two jig arm of described anchor clamps respectively symmetrically, the axial dimension of described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is greater than the distance between the described groove.
4. according to each described magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from the aforementioned claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is twin lamella piezoelectric energy-conversion device, single-chip piezoelectric energy-conversion device, stacked piezoelectric energy transducer, the curved piezoelectric energy-conversion device of opening of V-arrangement.
5. according to each described magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from the aforementioned claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit is the compound magnetoelectric energy transducer of being made up of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive material.
6. according to each described magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from the aforementioned claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that described transmission unit comprises the electrode cable that is connected in described piezoelectric energy-conversion unit.
7. according to each described magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from the aforementioned claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that described anchor clamps are to prop up the described piezoelectric energy-conversion of conditioned disjunction simple boundary condition clamping unit, border admittedly.
8. according to each described magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from the aforementioned claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that described piezoelectric is organic piezoelectric materials, piezoceramic material, monocrystalline piezoelectric material or leadless piezoelectric material material.
9. the magnet bistable state PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of exempting from according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described magnetostrictive material are terbium dysprosium ferrum magnetostrictive material or metal glass magnetostrictive material.
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