CN104218847A - Piezoelectric energy trapping and detecting method based on external forced vibration - Google Patents

Piezoelectric energy trapping and detecting method based on external forced vibration Download PDF

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CN104218847A
CN104218847A CN201410432589.2A CN201410432589A CN104218847A CN 104218847 A CN104218847 A CN 104218847A CN 201410432589 A CN201410432589 A CN 201410432589A CN 104218847 A CN104218847 A CN 104218847A
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energy
signal
vibration
piezoelectric
rectification
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CN104218847B (en
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高发荣
许敏华
沈娟红
陈璐璐
简海华
任珊珊
沈瑶
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a piezoelectric energy trapping and detecting method based on external forced vibration. According to the method, by means of adoption of a beam and slab structure and a simple support supporting mode, energy trapping for piezoelectrics is achieved by forced vibration. The method includes: firstly, converting forced vibration mechanical energy into alternating-current signals according to a piezoelectric effect; then, utilizing a full-bridge rectification circuit for rectifying the alternating-current signals; finally, utilizing a capacitance filtering circuit for achieving stable direct current output. According to design, a switching circuit with a light-emitting diode and an oscilloscope is provided for achieving qualitative and quantitative detection of an energy trapping process. The piezoelectric energy trapping and detecting method based on external forced vibration has the advantages that detection is simple, convenient and accurate, energy trapping is simple and stable in supporting, dependency on vibration frequencies of external vibration sources is weak, and the method is promising in application prospect on the aspect of self-energy-supply of low-energy-consumption electronic devices.

Description

A kind of piezoelectric energy-capturing based on External forcing vibration and detection method
Technical field
The invention belongs to piezoelectric energy-capturing method field, be specifically related to a kind of piezoelectric energy-capturing based on External forcing vibration and detection method.
Background technology
The mechanical energy existence range of ambient vibration is wide, and energy density is high, extraneous vibration collection of energy is also stored and is utilized, has great importance.Under prior art conditions, common vibration mechanical energy is converted to the method for electric energy (prisoner can) can be utilized mainly to be divided into electromagnetic conversion, electrostatic to change and piezoelectricity changes three kinds.Electromagnetic conversion is based on electromagnetic induction phenomenon, is electric energy by changes mechanical energy.The major defect of its method is, the winding volume that it uses is large, and output voltage is little, weak effect.Electrostatic conversion is when keeping voltage stabilization, by the electric capacity of External Force Acting varying capacitors, thus causes flow of charge, and then output current reaches the object of prisoner's energy.The shortcoming of the method is, needing provides an extraneous voltage stabilizing independent current source, has very large limitation in actual applications.Piezoelectric energy-capturing makes piezoelectric stressed by extraneous vibration and deformation occurs, the characteristic that stressed and deformation causes the positive and negative charge center in material molecule to be separated based on piezoelectric, thus produce polarizing voltage, drives the electric charge directed flow on pole plate to export electric energy.Piezoelectric energy-capturing mode has that electric power conversion performance is good, energy density is large, without the need to extraneous additional power supply, be easy to microminiaturized advantage, has broad application prospects.
Piezoelectric energy-capturing utilizes the direct piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric, and mechanical vibrational energy is converted to available electric energy, and this respect has lot of documents and patent is reported for work.In conversion process of energy, be generally utilize the structure frequency of piezoelectrics and the relation of extraneous vibration frequency, realized by resonance effect.For adapting to different environmental vibration frequency, piezoelectrics structural design is various and even numerous and diverse, and simultaneously for increasing malformation, be mostly designed to end bearing other end cantilever type structure freely, part also strengthens effect in free end suspended mass.The shortcoming of these methods, one is complex structure, and manufacturing cost is high, and two is less stable of cantilever design.For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of freely supported structure, carries out piezoelectric energy-capturing, and can realize the method for qualitative and quantitative detection by External forcing vibration.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency for existing piezoelectric energy-capturing and detection technique, adopt forced vibration pattern, make piezoelectrics from ambient vibration, absorb mechanical energy under disresonance condition, be translated into electric energy and can detect each stage transformed, the final stable DC electricity that obtains exports.
To achieve these goals, the inventive method comprises and gives step:
Step one: build piezoelectric energy-capturing structure; The two ends of basis material adopt freely-supported hinged support form to be connected with base respectively, and the upper surface of basis material pastes piezoelectric patches, composition beam and slab type structure, and two wires are drawn from matrix and piezoelectric patches surface respectively;
Step 2: piezoelectric patches directly contacts with vibration source, and there is forced vibration simultaneously with vibration source, vibration frequency is consistent with vibration source, and has nothing to do with piezoelectric patches natural frequency.By the piezoelectric effect produced during piezoelectric patches force and deformation, vibration mechanical energy is converted to electric energy, and exports by drawing wire;
Step 3: utilize rectification circuit to carry out rectification to original AC signal, obtains DC signal;
Step 4: utilize electric capacity to carry out filtering to rectified signal.Its principle is when commutating voltage is higher than capacitance voltage, capacitor charging; When commutating voltage is lower than capacitance voltage, capacitor discharge, in the process of discharge and recharge, makes output voltage keep basicly stable.The computing formula of capacitor charge and discharge is:
v t = v 0 + ( v u - v 0 ) · [ 1 - e - t RC ] - - - ( 1 )
In formula, t is the time, v 0for electric capacity initial voltage value, v ufor final voltage when electric capacity is full of, v tfor the output voltage values on electric capacity.After filter capacitor completely fills, output voltage reaches stable maximum v u.
Step 5: output voltage detects
(1), by light-emitting diode/oscilloscope connect the original ac signal output that prisoner's energy structure produces, the bright dark alternate flash signal of diode and the fluctuation signal of alternating voltage waveform can be recorded;
(2), by light-emitting diode/oscilloscope connect the DC signal output after rectification, the light and dark signal of diode and the fluctuation signal of DC voltage waveform can be recorded;
(3), by light-emitting diode/oscilloscope connect through rectification and filtered constant voltage DC electrical signal, stabilized illumination signal and the direct-flow steady voltage waveform signal of diode can be recorded;
Described basis material adopts electric conductivity and the good copper sheet of ductility.
Described rectification circuit adopts diode full bridge rectifier, and the voltage relationship before and after rectification is:
U (t) rectification=| u (t) original|.
The present invention, compared with existing piezoelectric energy-capturing device, has following features:
1, structure is simple, supporting stabilizer.The present invention capturees and can adopt beam and slab type structure by body, and support pattern adopts freely supported structure.While guarantee is stable, ensures again the effective deformation of piezoelectrics, can vibrate simultaneously with environment vibration source, produce the phenomenon of piezoelectricity.
2, without the need to carrying out structural adjustment for environmental frequencies.The vibration frequency correlation of energy accumulator part natural frequency of the present invention and environment is weak, and the main piezoelectrics that rely on realize forced vibration with environment vibration source, produce direct piezoelectric effect and export the signal of telecommunication.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is implementing procedure figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is piezoelectric energy-capturing schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 a is the front view of piezoelectric energy-capturing structure;
Fig. 3 b is the vertical view of piezoelectric energy-capturing structure;
Fig. 3 c is the left view of piezoelectric energy-capturing structure;
Fig. 4 is the alternating current detection waveform of piezoelectric energy-capturing structure in embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the direct current detection waveform in embodiment after rectification;
Fig. 6 is through filtered constant voltage DC detection waveform in embodiment;
Fig. 7 is piezoelectric energy conversion and testing circuit schematic diagram in embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed execution mode and concrete operating process.But protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As Fig. 1, the enforcement of the inventive method mainly comprises the following steps:
Step one, builds piezoelectric energy-capturing structure; Piezoelectric energy-capturing principle as shown in Figure 2.Basis material 1 adopts electric conductivity and the good copper sheet of ductility, and bottom is connected with base by freely-supported hinged support form, and top stickup PZT-5H piezoelectric monocrystal sheet, two wires 4 are drawn from piezoelectric patches 2 top and copper sheet respectively, and its concrete structure as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, the long L of copper sheet 1=8.0cm, wide S 1=3.0cm; Piezoelectricity length of a film L 2=7cm, wide S 2=2.5cm; Distance L between support 3=4.2cm.
Step 2: piezoelectric patches directly contacts with vibration source 3, and simultaneously forced vibration occurs with vibration source, vibration source is the mechanical oscillation of frequency 50Hz.
Step 3, utilizes rectification circuit to carry out rectification to original AC signal.The signal of telecommunication produced due to vibration is the alternating current that voltage obviously fluctuates, and is not suitable for directly using or storing.The present invention is by full-bridge circuit, and first carry out rectification to original AC signal, alternating current is become Unidirectional direct-current electricity, four same model diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 of rectifier circuit portion are according to Fig. 7 mode in succession.
Step 4, utilizes electric capacity to carry out filtering to rectified signal; By the DC signal after rectification, its voltage fluctuation is still comparatively large, needs the filtering by electric capacity and energy storage characteristic, reduce the fluctuation of the signal of telecommunication, output voltage is fluctuated remain on more among a small circle, in the present embodiment, the value of selected electric capacity C is 2200 μ F, and circuit connects as shown in Figure 7.
Step 5, electric output voltage detects.In the present embodiment, will by light-emitting diode and oscilloscope, respectively can the original ac signal of structure output, DC signal after rectification to prisoner, and carry out quantitative and qualitative analysis detection through rectification and the filtered constant voltage DC signal of telecommunication.Whether light-emitting diode detects simple and convenient, can observe energy accumulator part intuitively and work and main operating mode; Oscilloscope belongs to external equipment, troublesome poeration, but can accurately measure.Testing process and test result as follows:
One, original ac signal detects.As Fig. 7, by switch S 1close to 1, S 2close to 2, S 6closed, S 3, S 4, S 5disconnect.Now observe light-emitting diode and continue flicker, known raw voltage signals is the alternating current that direction replaces; Can be observed from oscilloscope, waveform voltage signal is periodic ac signal, and its maximum can reach 9.4V, and minimum value is-8V.As shown in Figure 4.
Two, the DC signal after rectification detects.As Fig. 7, by switch S 1close to 2, S 2close to 1, S 5closed, S 3, S 4, S 6disconnect.Now observe light-emitting diode continuous illumination, but the intensity of light is unstable, occurs that light and shade alternately; Can be observed from oscilloscope, the waveform being originally positioned at negative half period has moved on to positive half cycle after rectification, and voltage wave cycle and amplitude do not change, as shown in Figure 5.
Three, filtered constant voltage DC electrical signal detection.As Fig. 7, by switch S 1close to 2, S 2close to 2, S 3, S 4closed, S 5, S 6disconnect.Now observe, when just starting, light-emitting diode is not luminous, and oscilloscope display voltage waveform is stablized, close to straight line; LED lighting and brightness subsequently continues to increase until steadily, simultaneously voltage waveform upwards translation until stable; Said process approximately passes through the 5s time.VD average 1.53V after stable, as Fig. 6.
Finally, as Fig. 7, by switch S 1close to 2, connect piezoelectric energy-capturing part of devices; By switch S 2close to 2, connect rectifying part device; By switch S 3closed, connect filtering part device; By switch S 4, S 5, S 6disconnect, disconnect part of detecting device.Can realize exporting through prisoner's energy-rectification-filtered DC voltage-stabilizing.

Claims (3)

1., based on piezoelectric energy-capturing and the detection method of External forcing vibration, it is characterized in that:
Step one: build piezoelectric energy-capturing structure; The two ends of basis material adopt freely-supported hinged support form to be connected with base respectively, and the upper surface of basis material pastes piezoelectric patches, composition beam and slab type structure, and two wires are drawn from matrix and piezoelectric patches surface respectively;
Step 2: piezoelectric patches directly contacts with vibration source, and there is forced vibration simultaneously with vibration source, vibration frequency is consistent with vibration source, and has nothing to do with piezoelectric patches natural frequency; By the piezoelectric effect produced during piezoelectric patches force and deformation, vibration mechanical energy is converted to electric energy, and exports by drawing wire;
Step 3: utilize rectification circuit to carry out rectification to original AC signal, obtains DC signal;
Step 4: utilize electric capacity to carry out filtering to rectified signal;
Step 5: output voltage detects
(1), by light-emitting diode/oscilloscope connect the original ac signal output that prisoner's energy structure produces, the bright dark alternate flash signal of diode and the fluctuation signal of alternating voltage waveform can be recorded;
(2), by light-emitting diode/oscilloscope connect the DC signal output after rectification, the light and dark signal of diode and the fluctuation signal of DC voltage waveform can be recorded;
(3), by light-emitting diode/oscilloscope connect through rectification and filtered constant voltage DC electrical signal, stabilized illumination signal and the direct-flow steady voltage waveform signal of diode can be recorded.
2. a kind of piezoelectric energy-capturing based on External forcing vibration according to claim 1 and detection method, is characterized in that: described basis material is copper sheet.
3. a kind of piezoelectric energy-capturing based on External forcing vibration according to claim 1 and detection method, is characterized in that: described rectification circuit adopts diode full bridge rectifier, and the voltage relationship before and after rectification is:
。
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CN110761262A (en) * 2019-10-14 2020-02-07 浙江大学 Self-powered high-speed railway foundation monitoring system and monitoring method
CN113419106A (en) * 2021-06-17 2021-09-21 重庆文理学院 Vertical compression power generation module test system

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CN113419106B (en) * 2021-06-17 2024-03-22 重庆文理学院 Vertical compression power generation module test system

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