CN103270983B - Method for constructing schizothoracinae artificial spawning site in natural river - Google Patents
Method for constructing schizothoracinae artificial spawning site in natural river Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for constructing a schizothoracinae artificial spawning site a natural river. The method comprises a first step of carrying out previous preparation, a second step of selecting a construction site of the spawning site, a third step of determining parameters, a fourth step of determining the scale and the structure of the spawning site, a fifth step of determining the paving method of a structural unit, a sixth step of constructing auxiliary facilities and a seventh step of managing and maintaining. According to the method, under the condition that normal operation of a hydropower station is not affected, a shoal can be constructed manually in an appropriate river reach to provide the site of egg reproduction for the schizothoracinae, and the schizothoracinae can be successfully multiplied. The contradiction between river hydroelectric development and ecological protection can be effectively relieved. The scale and the appropriate river reach of the artificial spawning site can be determined according to reach fish resource quantity, labor management serves as an auxiliary means, and the sustainable utilization of the reach fish resources can be well maintained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fishery conservation field, specially refer to the construction method of a kind of natural river schizothoracin class artificial spawning field.
Background technology
Since entering the new century, China has started one and has taken turns unprecedented River System Hydropower exploitation upsurge.The growth to energy demand along with development of the West Regions and nation-building, step power station is all built in western river to some extent.Type river, Duo Shu valley, western river, The turbulent river crashes its way through, has that some current are slow, more " beach " and " a small bay in a river " of gravel simultaneously, and the flow condition that this emergency replaces can meet the breeding requirement of different fish.For schizothoracin class, after ovum output, general development time is longer, and ovum is dispersed on ruckle more, and major part falls in stone gap.Gravel shoal dissolved oxygen is abundant, and water quality is good, is conducive to the normal development of schizothoracin fertilized egg.These multiplication characteristics are a kind of adaptations that are associated with environment, weather, the Hydrological characteristics in basin.
Yet the construction in power station is very important on the impact of river Mesichthyes, its influence mode mainly comprises: (1) hydrologic regime changes.Dam builds up after retaining, makes most of section become silent oscillation by original flowing water type.The change of hydrologic regime, the fish that make some adapt to the habitat, happiness torrent shoal in habitat, former river course have lost original habitat, because reservoir area is flooded, more " beach " and " a small bay in a river " of flow condition, gravel that causes original emergency to replace disappears, and the current of therefore take greatly reduce as the spawning ground that Reproduction Conditions, gravel are oviposition substrate; (2) habitat fragmentation.Dam Construction on the impact of fish the most deep be the systematicness of having destroyed river, cause the fragmentation effect in habitat.Dam is built and has not only been changed flowing water environment, has also intercepted its passage tracing back, and tracing back lays eggs is that part fish complete its history of life, guarantee that the enough effective filial generation quantity of species is necessary.Another harm of habitat fragmentation is that the search capability of reservoir area fish is reduced, and may accelerate decline and the extinction of population quantity;
The ecology influence of bringing for the construction of hydropower stations, people have taked a lot of protection countermeasures, and the mode by artificial construction reduces the impact of hydroelectric development on the stock of fish, as builds fish pass structure, builds artificial fecundation pouring station etc.Fish pass structure is to help fish by dam, to trace back smoothly smoothly or descending function building thing.Its type mainly contains fish pass, fish lock, fish lift, boat for collection and transportation of fish.Its principle is to utilize the flow direction property of fish, produces one than larger current of flow velocity around at fish inlet place, and fish is lured into.The setting of fish inlet and how smoothly fish is lured into fish passage be the key of fish pass structure design success or failure.It is exactly that cost is high that fish pass structure also has a feature; It is one of important measures of protecting at present species, increase fish population quantity that artificial fecundation is released, and can relax to a certain extent the adverse effect of river construction to fish population resource quantity.Whether the breakthrough of artificial propagation techniques is the precondition that can the artificial fecundation measure of releasing be implemented.Especially for the schizothoracin class that has adapted to torrent habitat, mountain area, valley, artificial propagation techniques is a bottleneck of current fish research, has hindered to a certain extent the release development of safeguard measure of artificial fecundation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the construction method of a kind of natural river schizothoracin class artificial spawning field, its object one is: be chosen in suitable section, the schizothoracin class feature of laying eggs in natural environment of copying builds artificial spawning field; Its object two is: for being subject to schizothoracin in effect of human activity section to build the spawning ground of suitable breeding.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A construction method for natural river schizothoracin class artificial spawning field, described method is carried out as follows:
1, early-stage preparations, comprising: 1. according to resource investigation of fish result, determine spawning ground target fish; 2. understand the ecological habit of target fish, comprise fish reproduction period, spawning season spawning ground water temperature, flow velocity, oxygen dissolved and transparency; 3. field condition is investigated, and understands and plans to build section, spawning ground state of ecological environment;
2, spawning ground building site is selected: while selecting to build site, spawning ground, should consider following condition: 1. section flow velocity; 2. with the distance in dam, power station; 3. river course one side has whole level land or the river shoal that is greater than 500 ㎡;
3, determining of parameter, comprising: the 1. geographical position at effluent section place, according to riverbed absolute elevation and the target fish required depth of water of laying eggs, determine surface, spawning ground elevation; 2. section flow velocity is 0.5m/s-2.0m/s, and spawning season spawning ground water temperature is 13-22 ℃, is greater than 2 kilometers with the distance in dam, power station; 3. spawning ground host material is cobble, silt mixing substrate, and the diameter of cobble is 50-200mm;
4, spawning ground scale and structure: 1. according to the construction region landform of section, determine the area in spawning ground, spawning ground be shaped as irregular semicircle or ellipse; 2. spawning ground construction unit is rectangle, and laying depth is that 400mm diameter is the cobble of 50-200mm, and top layer re-lays the natural river sand that thickness is 50mm;
5, the paving mode of construction unit: integrate and lay according to the shape bar structure unit of river shoal, selected site, construction unit being to " product " font mode inlays mutually, fill with scattered cobble and silt adjacent space and marginal portion, after all construction unit plates have been rabbeted, form the river shoal of a monoblock, river shoal tilts to the middle of the river from bank, and its ramp slope is 1/40;
6, affiliated facility construction: comprise and protect river purse seine and soundproof wall;
7, management maintenance: 1. daily inspection; 2. periodic monitoring water temperature, water quality; 3. the inspection and maintenance of flood season.
Good effect of the present invention is:
1, can be in the situation that not affecting power station normal operation, under dam, suitable section is artificial builds a shoal, for schizothoracin class provides the place of egg reproduction, guarantees the smooth procreation of fish;
2, can effectively alleviate the contradiction between River System Hydropower exploitation and ecological protection.Conventionally after power station is built up, can cause the decline of lower reache water level, flow velocity to reduce, cause natural spawning site to disappear, by artificial means, transform or again build, for fish provide suitable spawning place;
3, also can determine according to section stock of fish amount and be aided with labor management in scale and the suitable section of artificial spawning field, can safeguard better the sustainable use of the section stock of fish;
4, the method cost is low, and specification requirement is low, easily implement, and floor space is little, is the important supplementary measure protecting the fish resources.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, artificial spawning field structure unit section schematic diagram;
Fig. 2, natural river schizothoracin class artificial spawning field vertical view.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached Fig. 1 and 2, with embodiment, further illustrate the specific embodiment of the present invention.
River, the Yalongjiang River land owned by officials section of take is reference frame.Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
Embodiment mono-
1, early-stage preparations
(1), target fish is selected: by field investigation and historical document, determine that Sichuan schizothoracin is target fish, Sichuan schizothoracin is one of downstream of hydro-power plant section, Yalongjiang River land owned by officials Main Commercial Fishes, and due to resource excessive use, this species resource amount significantly declines.
(2), understand the ecological habit of target fish: the Sichuan schizothoracin egg-laying period, mid or late March was breeding period in annual 3-4 month.There is cluster behavior in egg-laying period, the milter habit of nesting, and right the laying eggs of shoal tool cobble silt mixing substrate, the toughness of laying eggs, Sichuan schizothoracin weight range 30-121g, average weight 65.6g, the long scope 12.5-17cm of body, average body is long is 13.8cm.
2, spawning ground building site is selected: in the river section in 20 kilometer range of downstream, dam, power station, land owned by officials, initial option the sections in suitable construction fish spawning grounds, three places, by comparing, filter out the site of relatively suitable transformation and construction, screening comparing data is in Table one:
Section artificial spawning field, river, table 1 Yalongjiang River land owned by officials building site is than choosing
Through comprehensive relatively, A place be decided to be with respect to suitable transformation with build into schizothoracin artificial spawning field, Sichuan.
3, coherent reference data determines
(1) surface, spawning ground elevation: according to the ecological habit of Sichuan schizothoracin, determine that artificial spawning field elevation is 1201.2-1201.5m, laying elevation reduces gradually from bank to river center position, the horizontal elevation near bank one side is 1201.5m, and the horizontal elevation of center, close river course one side is 1201.2m;
(2) flow rate of water flow: the flow rates of determining section, artificial spawning field is 0.5-2.0m/s;
(3) spawning season spawning ground water temperature is 13-22 ℃;
(4) spawning ground host material is cobble, silt mixing substrate, and wherein cobble diameter is 50-200mm.
4, spawning ground scale and structure
(1) spawning ground scale: beat the available area 8000m2 of sieve section by A site and determine construction scale;
(2) construction unit: construction unit is rectangle, the cobble 1 of laying depth 400mm diameter 50-200mm, top layer need re-lay the natural river sand 2 that one deck 50mm is thick.
5, the paving mode of construction unit
According to the shape bar structure unit of 8000 ㎡ river shoals, A site, integrate and lay, construction unit being to " product " font mode rabbets mutually, fill with scattered cobble and silt adjacent space and marginal portion, the slope that Wei Zi bank, river shoal tilts to the middle of the river, and the gradient is 1/40.
6, affiliated facility construction
If artificial spawning field building site is frequent regional near mankind's activity, or closes on highway, need to protect river purse seine in riverbank construction, stop people and animals to enter waters, spawning ground, as larger in traffic counting, also need to set up soundproof wall device, avoid the impact of noise on fish reproduction.
7, management maintenance
(1) after spawning ground is built up and put into operation, must strengthen inspecting, remove in time large-scale branch and other foreign material of section, spawning ground, guarantee that suitable current are unimpeded;
(2) periodic monitoring water quality condition, understands in time region, spawning ground water body water temperature and whether remains on the scope of 13-22 ℃, and flow rate of water flow remains on 0.5-2.0 meter per second, according to monitoring result, increases or reduces and block water device;
(3) after each flood season, carry out comprehensive examination and maintenance, clear up in time pollutant, removing cobble surface mud that flood brings, supplement silt and fine sand, check whether baffle device for water is damaged, on-call maintenance and reinforcing;
(4) forbid that unrelated person enters section, spawning ground and is engaged in and paddles and fishery activity, especially schizothoracin 3-4 mating season in Sichuan is between the month.
Embodiment bis-
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
1, early-stage preparations
(1), target fish is selected: by field investigation and historical document, determine that short hairs schizothoracin is target fish, short hairs schizothoracin is one of downstream of hydro-power plant section, Yalongjiang River land owned by officials Main Commercial Fishes, and due to resource excessive use, this species resource amount significantly declines.
(2), understand the ecological habit of target fish: the short hairs schizothoracin egg-laying period is in annual 3-4 month.There is cluster behavior in egg-laying period, the milter habit of nesting, and right the laying eggs of shoal tool cobble silt mixing substrate, the toughness of laying eggs, short hairs schizothoracin weight range 36-135g, average weight 69.6g, the long scope 12.2-18.2cm of body, average body is long is 14.2cm.
2, spawning ground building site is selected: in the river section in 20 kilometer range of downstream, dam, power station, land owned by officials, initial option the sections in suitable construction fish spawning grounds, three places, by comparing, filter out the site of relatively suitable transformation and construction, screening comparing data is in Table two:
Section artificial spawning field, river, table 2 Yalongjiang River land owned by officials building site is than choosing
Through comprehensive relatively, A place be decided to be with respect to suitable transformation with build into schizothoracin artificial spawning field, Sichuan.
3, coherent reference data determines
(1) surface, spawning ground elevation: according to the ecological habit of short hairs schizothoracin, determine that artificial spawning field elevation is 1201.2-1201.5m, laying elevation reduces gradually from bank to river center position, the horizontal elevation near bank one side is 1201.5m, and the horizontal elevation of center, close river course one side is 1201.2m;
(2) flow rate of water flow: the flow rates of determining section, artificial spawning field is 0.5-2.0m/s;
(3) spawning season spawning ground water temperature is 13-22 ℃;
(4) spawning ground host material is cobble, silt mixing substrate, and wherein cobble diameter is 50-200mm.
4, spawning ground scale and structure
(1) spawning ground scale: beat the available area 8000m2 of sieve section by A site and determine construction scale;
(2) construction unit: construction unit is rectangle, the cobble 1 of laying depth 400mm diameter 50-200mm, top layer need re-lay the natural river sand 2 that one deck 50mm is thick.
5, the paving mode of construction unit
According to the shape bar structure unit of 8000 ㎡ river shoals, A site, integrate and lay, construction unit being to " product " font mode rabbets mutually, fill with scattered cobble and silt adjacent space and marginal portion, the slope that Wei Zi bank, river shoal tilts to the middle of the river, and the gradient is 1/40.
6, affiliated facility construction
If artificial spawning field building site is frequent regional near mankind's activity, or closes on highway, need to protect river purse seine in riverbank construction, stop people and animals to enter waters, spawning ground, as larger in traffic counting, also need to set up soundproof wall device, avoid the impact of noise on fish reproduction.
7, management maintenance
(1) after spawning ground is built up and put into operation, must strengthen inspecting, remove in time large-scale branch and other foreign material of section, spawning ground, guarantee that suitable current are unimpeded;
(2) periodic monitoring water quality condition, understands in time region, spawning ground water body water temperature and whether remains on 13-22 ℃, and flow rate of water flow remains on 0.5-2.0 meter per second;
(3) after each flood season, carry out comprehensive examination and maintenance, clear up in time pollutant, removing cobble surface mud that flood brings, supplement silt and fine sand, check whether baffle device for water is damaged, on-call maintenance and reinforcing;
(4) forbid that unrelated person enters section, spawning ground and is engaged in and paddles and fishery activity, especially short hairs schizothoracin 3-4 mating season is between the month.
Embodiment tri-
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
1, early-stage preparations
(1), target fish is selected: by field investigation and historical document, determine that thin squama schizothoracin is target fish, thin squama schizothoracin was once one of downstream of hydro-power plant section, Yalongjiang River land owned by officials Main Commercial Fishes, and due to resource excessive use, this species resource amount significantly declines.
(2), understand the ecological habit of target fish: the thin squama schizothoracin egg-laying period concentrates on annual late March.Thin squama schizothoracin weight range 32-139g, average weight 70.6g, the long scope 12.8-18.8cm of body, average body is long is 14.2cm.
2, spawning ground building site is selected: in the river section in 20 kilometer range of downstream, dam, power station, land owned by officials, initial option the sections in suitable construction fish spawning grounds, three places, by comparing, filter out the site of relatively suitable transformation and construction, screening comparing data is in Table three:
Section artificial spawning field, river, table 3 Yalongjiang River land owned by officials building site is than choosing
Through comprehensive relatively, A place be decided to be with respect to suitable transformation with build into thin squama schizothoracin artificial spawning field.
3, coherent reference data determines
(1) surface, spawning ground elevation: according to the ecological habit of thin squama schizothoracin, determine that artificial spawning field elevation is 1201.2-1201.5m, laying elevation reduces gradually from bank to river center position, the horizontal elevation near bank one side is 1201.5m, and the horizontal elevation of center, close river course one side is 1201.2m;
(2) flow rate of water flow: the flow rates of determining section, artificial spawning field is 0.5-2.0m/s;
(3) spawning season spawning ground water temperature is 13-18 ℃;
(4) spawning ground host material is cobble, silt mixing substrate, and wherein cobble diameter is 50-200mm.
4, spawning ground scale and structure
(1) spawning ground scale: beat the available area 8000m2 of sieve section by A site and determine construction scale;
(2) construction unit: construction unit is rectangle, the cobble 1 of laying depth 400mm diameter 50-200mm, top layer need re-lay the natural river sand 2 that one deck 50mm is thick.
5, the paving mode of construction unit
According to the shape bar structure unit of 8000 ㎡ river shoals, A site, integrate and lay, construction unit being to " product " font mode rabbets mutually, fill with scattered cobble and silt adjacent space and marginal portion, the slope that Wei Zi bank, river shoal tilts to the middle of the river, and the gradient is 1/40.
6, affiliated facility construction
If artificial spawning field building site is frequent regional near mankind's activity, or closes on highway, need to protect river purse seine in riverbank construction, stop people and animals to enter waters, spawning ground, as larger in traffic counting, also need to set up soundproof wall device, avoid the impact of noise on fish reproduction.
7, management maintenance
(1) after spawning ground is built up and put into operation, must strengthen inspecting, remove in time large-scale branch and other foreign material of section, spawning ground, guarantee that suitable current are unimpeded;
(2) periodic monitoring water quality condition, understands in time region, spawning ground water body water temperature and whether remains on 13-18 ℃, and flow rate of water flow remains on 0.5-2.0 meter per second;
(3) after each flood season, carry out comprehensive examination and maintenance, clear up in time pollutant, removing cobble surface mud that flood brings, supplement silt and fine sand, check whether baffle device for water is damaged, on-call maintenance and reinforcing;
(4) forbid that unrelated person enters section, spawning ground and is engaged in and paddles and fishery activity, especially thin squama schizothoracin mating season.
The above is only non-limiting embodiment of the present invention; for the person of ordinary skill of the art; not departing from the invention design and not making under the prerequisite of creative work, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a construction method for natural river schizothoracin class artificial spawning field, is characterized in that: described method is carried out as follows:
(1), early-stage preparations, comprising: 1. according to resource investigation of fish result, determine spawning ground target fish; 2. understand the ecological habit of target fish, comprise fish reproduction period, spawning season spawning ground water temperature, flow velocity, oxygen dissolved and transparency; 3. field condition is investigated, and understands and plans to build section, spawning ground state of ecological environment;
(2), spawning ground building site is selected: while selecting to build site, spawning ground, should consider following condition: 1. section flow rate of water flow; 2. with the distance in dam, power station; 3. river course one side has whole level land or the river shoal that is greater than 500 ㎡;
(3), the determining of parameter, comprising: the 1. geographical position at effluent section place, according to riverbed absolute elevation and the target fish required depth of water of laying eggs, determine surface, spawning ground elevation; 2. section flow velocity is 0.5m/s-2.0m/s, and spawning season spawning ground water temperature is 13-22 ℃, is greater than 2 kilometers with the distance in dam, power station; 3. spawning ground host material is cobble, silt mixing substrate, and the diameter of cobble is 50-200mm;
(4), spawning ground scale and structure: 1. according to the construction region landform of section, determine the area in spawning ground, spawning ground be shaped as irregular semicircle or ellipse; 2. spawning ground construction unit is rectangle, and laying depth is that 400mm diameter is the cobble of 50-200mm, and top layer re-lays the natural river sand that thickness is 50mm;
(5), the paving mode of construction unit: integrate and lay according to the shape bar structure unit of river shoal, selected site, construction unit being to " product " font mode inlays mutually, fill with scattered cobble and silt adjacent space and marginal portion, after all construction unit plates have been rabbeted, form the river shoal of a monoblock, river shoal tilts to the middle of the river from bank, and its ramp slope is 1/40;
(6), affiliated facility construction: comprise and protect river purse seine and soundproof wall;
(7), management maintenance: 1. daily inspection; 2. periodic monitoring water temperature, water quality; 3. the inspection and maintenance of flood season.
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| CN104113739A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-10-22 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Method for underwater observing natural oviposition of schizothoracins |
| CN104938377A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-30 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Manual spawning ground constructing method for recovering Songhua river fish resources and evaluation method of effect thereof |
| CN105248335B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-08-08 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | A kind of schizothoracin class method for incubating oosperm |
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| CN106417120A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-02-22 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Artificial fish spawning bed |
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