CN103270563A - 磁性材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

磁性材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103270563A
CN103270563A CN2011800538339A CN201180053833A CN103270563A CN 103270563 A CN103270563 A CN 103270563A CN 2011800538339 A CN2011800538339 A CN 2011800538339A CN 201180053833 A CN201180053833 A CN 201180053833A CN 103270563 A CN103270563 A CN 103270563A
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magnetic material
fiber
alloy powder
magnetic
described fiber
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D.I.乌伦豪特
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KSB AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/0555—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0557—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及由粉末复合材料组成的磁性材料，其由至少一种可磁化的高能量密度的合金粉末烧结而成。根据本发明，向所述至少一种合金粉末中混入纤维。

Description

磁性材料及其制备方法
本发明涉及由粉末复合材料组成的磁性材料，其由至少一种可磁化的合金粉末烧结而成，以及涉及该磁性材料的制备方法。
磁性材料在各种实施方式中已知。如今使用的磁性材料达到大约200-450kJ/m3的能量密度，其中磁性材料中的能量密度通常作为磁性材料的矫顽磁场强度HC和剩磁BR的乘积（BH）max以kJ/m3的形式给出。几乎唯一使用钐钴（通常Co17Sm2）和铁-钕-硼（通常Fe14Nd2B）。以金属间相的烧结体形式制备所述磁体，因此它们在张力下展现了非常低的强度，例如铁-钕-硼的拉伸强度大约是78.5MPa。机械后处理是非常耗费的。同样，在极端条件下严重限制了其持久性，因此这些材料通常是非常易腐蚀的。
DE 26 18 425 A1中描述了由两个不同相组成的磁性材料的制备方法，其中第一相可以是可展伸的。通过在可展伸相和易脆相之间存在的界面，总的来说该材料获得可展伸特性。但是其缺点在于，制备这种材料必须按照非常准确的边界条件，以及所得到的复合材料不具有高的强度。
DE 10 2005 003 247 B4中描述了与塑料相连的磁性材料。通过两个步骤进行制备，其中在第一步骤中将磁性粉末和塑料粘合剂混合并压缩，而在第二步骤中将塑料固化。但是，多步制备这种磁性材料是消耗时间的，并且导致机械性软和不坚固的具有低能量密度的磁体。
本发明的目的在于，提供前面提到的那种磁性材料，其机械性稳定并且可以容易和经济地制备。
该目的通过向组成磁性材料的合金粉末中混入纤维、片体（Plättchen）或所谓的晶须（Whisker）而实现。晶须是指具有几个μm直径和直到几百个μm长的针状单晶。由合金粉末形成的复合材料通过所述纤维获得长尺度的成分，该成分实现了拉力在整个磁体内的分布。因此，提高了磁体的强度，并且避免了断裂。选择混合物中纤维的含量，以便一方面达到所希望的强度而另一方面将材料的能量密度保持在高水平。取决于应用的情况，可以优化纤维含量。本发明的纤维增强型磁性材料的制备在一个步骤中经济地和高周期时间地进行。
当合金粉末含有稀土成分时，对制备所述磁性材料是特别有利的。通过使用合适的稀土混合物强烈提到了磁性材料的能量密度，即矫顽磁场强度HC和剩磁BR的乘积（BH）max，能量密度达到200-450kJ/m3的值。
为了阻止对磁性材料的磁性特性的影响，有利的是所述纤维由磁性非活性材料组成。这里，可以使用不同的有机纤维、半金属纤维、金属纤维和陶瓷纤维，其对于所得到的材料的磁场的影响微不足道地低。
但是，替代性地可以通过磁性活性纤维影响材料的磁性特性，从而在一个特定的方向上加强材料的磁场。
根据本发明描述了制备磁性材料的方法，其中将所述纤维与所述合金粉末混合，并且由该混合物制备所述磁体。有利的是，在例如通过烧结制备磁体之前，实现合金粉末和纤维的均匀混合。所述组分的混合是重要的,以便得到均匀的特别是磁性和机械性的材料特性。
在本方法的特别实施方式中，在一个方向上排列(aurrichten)所述纤维。通过这样的各向异性可以得到在优选的方向上提供了改善的稳定性的机械特性。在对磁性材料的磁性特性具有影响的纤维的情况下，可以通过将纤维在优选的方向上排列而得到加强。通过将纤维和合金粉末的混合物以特定的速度导入模具中，实现纤维的排列。在流动过程中纤维得到排列。替代性地，可以将纤维排列性地导入烧结模具中，然后紧接着使用合金粉末填充该模具。这里重要的是，合金粉末完全填满纤维之间的空间。也可以使用合金粉末填充纤维结合物，例如织物或针织物或无纺织物，并将其烧结成磁性材料。可以相应于机械性和磁性要求配置这些纤维结合物的定向。
替代性地，这些纤维可以在磁性材料中各向同性地分布。以这种方式，没有特别优选的空间方向，即可以不依赖于方向地使用所述磁性材料。这里可以通过超声激发纤维和合金粉末，由此实现不定向的激发和因此纤维的各向同性的分布。
其它实施方式是目前描述的组合，因此不再阐述。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.由粉末复合材料组成的磁性材料，其由其中混合有纤维的至少一种可磁化的合金粉末烧结而成，其特征在于，在一个方向上排列所述纤维，其中在该方向上的机械稳定性得以改善和/或在该方向上对磁性特性的影响得以增强。
2.按照权利要求1的磁性材料，其特征在于，所述合金粉末含有稀土成分。
3.按照权利要求1或2的磁性材料，其特征在于，所述纤维由磁性非活性材料组成。
4.按照权利要求1-3之一的磁性材料，其特征在于，所述纤维由高熔点和/或高模量和/或高强度材料组成。
5.制备按照权利要求1-4之一的磁性材料的方法，其特征在于，将所述纤维与所述合金粉末混合，并且由该混合物制备所述磁体，其中在优选的方向上排列所述纤维。

Claims (7)

1. 由粉末复合材料组成的磁性材料，其由至少一种可磁化的合金粉末烧结而成，其特征在于，向所述至少一种合金粉末中混入纤维。
2. 按照权利要求1的磁性材料，其特征在于，所述合金粉末含有稀土成分。
3. 按照权利要求1或2的磁性材料，其特征在于，所述纤维由磁性非活性材料组成。
4. 按照权利要求1-3之一的磁性材料，其特征在于，所述纤维由高熔点和/或高模量和/或高强度材料组成。
5. 制备按照权利要求1-4之一的磁性材料的方法，其特征在于，将所述纤维与所述合金粉末混合，并且由该混合物制备所述磁体。
6. 按照权利要求5的方法，其特征在于，在优选的方向上排列所述纤维。
7. 按照权利要求5的方法，其特征在于，各向同性地分布所述纤维。
CN2011800538339A 2010-11-10 2011-11-02 磁性材料及其制备方法 Pending CN103270563A (zh)

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DE102010043704.2 2010-11-10
DE102010043704A DE102010043704A1 (de) 2010-11-10 2010-11-10 Magnetwerkstoff und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
PCT/EP2011/069201 WO2012062624A1 (de) 2010-11-10 2011-11-02 Magnetwerkstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103630674A (zh) * 2013-12-18 2014-03-12 天津市纺织纤维检验所 磁性功能纤维的定性分析、交织物的定量分析方法
CN105427988A (zh) * 2015-11-27 2016-03-23 宁波科星材料科技有限公司 一种耐高温钐钴永磁体及其制备方法
CN105427985A (zh) * 2015-11-27 2016-03-23 宁波科星材料科技有限公司 一种高性能钐钴永磁材料及其制备方法

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EP1146526A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2001-10-17 Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited Resin-bonded magnet
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US20040045635A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-11 General Electric Company Polymeric resin bonded magnets
US20040144960A1 (en) * 2001-09-11 2004-07-29 Toshiaki Arai Resin-magnet composition

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JPH07226311A (ja) * 1994-02-10 1995-08-22 Sankyo Seiki Mfg Co Ltd 希土類−鉄系樹脂結合型磁石
EP1146526A1 (en) * 1998-12-07 2001-10-17 Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited Resin-bonded magnet
JP2002373806A (ja) * 2001-06-13 2002-12-26 Daido Electronics Co Ltd ネオジゥム系ボンド磁石およびその成形方法
US6596096B2 (en) * 2001-08-14 2003-07-22 General Electric Company Permanent magnet for electromagnetic device and method of making
US20040144960A1 (en) * 2001-09-11 2004-07-29 Toshiaki Arai Resin-magnet composition
US20040045635A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-11 General Electric Company Polymeric resin bonded magnets

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103630674A (zh) * 2013-12-18 2014-03-12 天津市纺织纤维检验所 磁性功能纤维的定性分析、交织物的定量分析方法
CN103630674B (zh) * 2013-12-18 2015-05-13 天津市纺织纤维检验所 磁性功能纤维的定性分析、交织物的定量分析方法
CN105427988A (zh) * 2015-11-27 2016-03-23 宁波科星材料科技有限公司 一种耐高温钐钴永磁体及其制备方法
CN105427985A (zh) * 2015-11-27 2016-03-23 宁波科星材料科技有限公司 一种高性能钐钴永磁材料及其制备方法

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US20130243638A1 (en) 2013-09-19
DE102010043704A1 (de) 2012-05-10
WO2012062624A1 (de) 2012-05-18

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Application publication date: 20130828