CN103261610A - 内燃机的排气净化系统 - Google Patents

内燃机的排气净化系统 Download PDF

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CN103261610A
CN103261610A CN2010800705515A CN201080070551A CN103261610A CN 103261610 A CN103261610 A CN 103261610A CN 2010800705515 A CN2010800705515 A CN 2010800705515A CN 201080070551 A CN201080070551 A CN 201080070551A CN 103261610 A CN103261610 A CN 103261610A
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combustion engine
internal
light oil
exhaust gas
gas purifying
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CN103261610B (zh
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增渕匡彦
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于，在能够使液体燃料和CNG混合燃烧的内燃机的排气净化系统中，抑制在使排气净化装置再生时该排气净化装置过度升温。在本发明的内燃机的排气净化系统中，在使排气净化装置再生时，当在内燃机中使液体燃料和压缩天然气混合燃烧时，与在内燃机中仅使液体燃料燃烧时相比，减少自HC供给装置向排气净化装置供给的HC量。

Description

内燃机的排气净化系统
技术领域
本发明涉及能够使液体燃料和压缩天然气混合燃烧的内燃机的排气净化系统。
背景技术
已开发出能够使轻油、汽油等液体燃料和压缩天然气（以下有时称为CNG）混合燃烧的内燃机。例如，在专利文献1中公开有将轻油作为辅助燃料的辅助燃料点火式燃气发动机。在该辅助燃料点火式燃气发动机中，将轻油作为点火源，使轻油和天然气混合燃烧。另外，在专利文献1中记载有如下技术：在轻负载时向内燃机仅供给轻油，在中负载及高负载时向内燃机供给轻油及天然气。
在专利文献2中公开有控制向内燃机的气缸内喷射燃料的燃料喷射控制装置。该燃料喷射控制装置具有向排气净化装置供给还原剂的还原剂供给机构。该还原剂供给机构通过向气缸内喷射燃料的燃料喷射器，在主燃料喷射后执行后喷射和处于该后喷射之前且喷射量比该后喷射的喷射量少的后喷射前微量喷射，从而向排气净化装置供给还原剂。
在专利文献3中公开有如下技术：在向流入排气净化装置的排气中供给还原剂时，将排气的氧浓度、CO浓度、HC浓度中的两个以上作为控制参数来使用。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平08-158980号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2010-156294号公报
专利文献3：日本特开2007-162578号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
在内燃机的排气通路中设置有具有氧化功能的排气净化装置。而且，在为了使排气净化装置再生而使该排气净化装置升温时，有时通过HC供给装置向该排气净化装置供给HC。若向排气净化装置供给HC，则排气净化装置的温度因该HC氧化产生的氧化热而上升。
在此，作为CNG的主要成分的甲烷的点火性能非常低而难以燃烧。因此，在使液体燃料和CNG在内燃机中混合燃烧的情况下，与仅使液体燃料燃烧的情况相比，排气中的HC量较大地增加。因此，在使液体燃料和CNG在内燃机中混合燃烧时，若与仅使液体燃料燃烧这种情况同样地通过HC供给装置向排气净化装置中供给HC，则向排气净化装置供给的总HC供给量过剩地增多，其结果是，有可能导致排气净化装置过度升温。
本发明是鉴于上述问题而作出的，其目的在于：在能够使液体燃料和CNG混合燃烧的内燃机的排气净化系统中，抑制在使排气净化装置再生时该排气净化装置过度升温。
用于解决课题的方案
在本发明中，在使排气净化装置再生时，当在内燃机中使液体燃料和压缩天然气混合燃烧时，与在内燃机中仅使液体燃料燃烧时相比，减少自HC供给装置向排气净化装置供给的HC量。
更详细地说，在本发明的内燃机的排气净化系统中，该内燃机能够使液体燃料和压缩天然气混合燃烧，所述内燃机的排气净化系统的特征在于，具有：排气净化装置，该排气净化装置设置在内燃机的排气通路中，并具有氧化功能；HC供给装置，在使所述排气净化装置再生时，该HC供给装置向所述排气净化装置供给HC；以及HC供给量控制装置，在使所述排气净化装置再生时，当在内燃机中使液体燃料和压缩天然气混合燃烧时，与在内燃机中仅使液体燃料燃烧并使内燃机的运转状态相同时相比，所述HC供给量控制装置减少自所述HC供给装置向所述排气净化装置供给的HC量。
在本发明中，由于使液体燃料和CNG混合燃烧，因此，在自内燃机排出的HC量较多时，为了使排气净化装置再生而自HC供给装置被供给的HC量减少。因此，可以抑制向排气净化装置供给的总HC量（=自内燃机排出的HC量+自HC供给装置供给的HC量）过剩地增多。
因此，可以抑制排气净化装置过度升温。另外，在使排气净化装置再生时，也可以减少在排气净化装置中未被氧化而排出到外部的HC量。
在本发明中，HC供给量控制装置可以具有：第一HC排出量计算部，该第一HC排出量计算部计算当在内燃机中仅使液体燃料燃烧时自该内燃机排出的HC量即第一HC排出量；以及第二HC排出量计算部，该第二HC排出量计算部计算当在内燃机中使液体燃料和CNG混合燃烧时自该内燃机排出的HC量即第二HC排出量。
当在内燃机中仅使液体燃料燃烧时，可以基于该内燃机的运转状态计算所述第一HC排出量。另外，当在内燃机中使液体燃料和CNG混合燃烧时，液体燃料的供给量和CNG的供给量的比率基于内燃机的运转状态来确定。而且，可以基于内燃机的运转状态以及液体燃料的供给量和CNG的供给量的比率计算所述第二HC排出量。
在上述情况下，也可以构成为，在使排气净化装置再生时，当在内燃机中使液体燃料和CNG混合燃烧时，与在内燃机中仅使液体燃料燃烧并使内燃机的运转状态相同时相比，使自HC供给装置向排气净化装置供给的HC量减少所述第一HC排出量和所述第二HC排出量的差值。根据上述结构，在抑制排气净化装置的过度升温及HC向外部排出的同时，可以使排气净化装置充分地再生。
发明的效果
根据本发明，在能够使液体燃料和CNG混合燃烧的内燃机的排气净化系统中，可以抑制在使排气净化装置再生时该排气净化装置过度升温。
附图说明
图1是表示实施例的内燃机和其燃料系统及进气排气系统的概略结构的图。
图2是表示实施例的过滤器再生处理的流程的流程图。
图3是表示实施例的过滤器再生处理执行时来自轻油添加阀的目标轻油添加量的计算流程的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下，基于附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。本实施例中记载的结构部件的尺寸、材质、形状及其相对配置等只要没有特别记载，并非将本发明的技术范围仅限定于实施例的记载。
＜实施例1＞
［概略结构］
图1是表示本实施例的内燃机和其燃料系统及进气排气系统的概略结构的图。内燃机1是能够将轻油及CNG用作燃料的车辆驱动用的发动机。内燃机1是压燃式发动机。内燃机1能够通过使轻油和CNG混合燃烧进行运转，而且，也能够通过仅使轻油燃烧进行运转。
内燃机1具有四个气缸2。在各气缸2设置有向气缸2内直接喷射轻油的轻油喷射器8。另外，进气歧管4及排气歧管5与内燃机1连接。进气通路6与进气歧管4连接。排气通路7与排气歧管5连接。进气歧管4的四个支管与各气缸2分别连接。在各支管设置有喷射CNG的CNG喷射器9。
各轻油喷射器8与轻油用共轨10连接。轻油供给通路12的一端与轻油用共轨10连接。轻油供给通路12的另一端与轻油箱13连接。在轻油供给通路12中设置有泵14。利用该泵14，轻油自轻油箱13经过轻油供给通路12被压送到轻油用共轨10。接着，在轻油用共轨10中被加压了的轻油向各轻油喷射器8供给。
各CNG喷射器9与CNG用输送管11连接。CNG供给通路15的一端与CNG用输送管11连接。CNG供给通路15的另一端与CNG箱16连接。CNG自CNG箱16经过CNG供给通路15供给到CNG用输送管11。接着，CNG自CNG用输送管11向各CNG喷射器9供给。
在CNG供给通路15中设置有调节器17。利用该调节器17，调节向CNG用输送管11供给的CNG的压力。在CNG供给通路15中的调节器17的上游侧及CNG用输送管11中，设置有检测CNG的压力的压力传感器26、27。
在内燃机1通过使轻油和CNG混合燃烧来进行运转的情况下，CNG自CNG喷射器9喷射到进气口内，从而形成进气和CNG的预混合气。而且，自轻油喷射器8喷射到了气缸2内的轻油成为点火源，使得轻油和CNG燃烧。
在进气通路6中，空气滤清器18、空气流量计25及节气门19沿着新鲜空气的流动自上游侧依次设置。在排气歧管5设置有向排气中添加轻油的轻油添加阀24。在排气通路7中设置有排气净化装置21。
排气净化装置21由设置在上游侧的氧化催化剂22及设置在下流侧的颗粒过滤器（以下简称为过滤器）23构成。过滤器23捕捉排气中的颗粒状物质（以下称为PM）。另外，在过滤器23中载置有吸留还原型NOx催化剂。
在内燃机1一并设置有电子控制单元（ECU）20。空气流量计25及压力传感器26、27与ECU20电连接。并且，曲轴转角传感器28及油门开度传感器29与ECU20电连接。曲轴转角传感器28检测内燃机1的曲轴转角。油门开度传感器29检测搭载有内燃机1的车辆的油门开度。各传感器的输出信号被输入ECU20。ECU20基于曲轴转角传感器28的输出信号算出内燃机1的发动机转速，基于油门开度传感器29的输出信号算出内燃机1的发动机负载。
另外，轻油喷射器8、CNG喷射器9、泵14、调节器17、节气门19及轻油添加阀24与ECU20电连接。由ECU20控制这些装置。
ECU20基于内燃机1的运转状态，作为其燃烧形态而选择轻油和CNG的混合燃烧或仅轻油燃烧这两种燃烧中的任一方。接着，ECU20根据选择的燃烧形态，控制轻油喷射器8及CNG喷射器9。
［过滤器再生处理］
在本实施例中，进行将堆积在过滤器23中的PM除去以使该过滤器23再生的过滤器再生处理。本实施例的过滤器再生处理通过自轻油添加阀24向排气中添加轻油来实现。
若通过自轻油添加阀24向排气中添加轻油来向排气净化装置21供给HC，则在氧化催化剂22及载置于过滤器23的吸留还原型NOx催化剂中该HC被氧化。若因该氧化热使得过滤器23的温度上升至能够进行PM的氧化的目标温度，则堆积在过滤器23中的PM被除去。
以下，基于图2所示的流程图说明本实施例的过滤器再生处理的流程。本流程预先存储在ECU20中，由ECU20执行。
在本流程中，首先，判定过滤器再生处理的执行开始条件是否成立（步骤S101）。作为过滤器再生处理的执行开始条件，可以列举：过滤器23中的PM堆积量的推定值已达到规定值以上或自前一次的过滤器再生处理的执行结束起已经过了规定时间等条件。
通过控制自轻油添加阀24添加的轻油添加量（即控制向排气净化装置21供给的HC的供给量），来控制过滤器再生处理执行时的过滤器23的温度。于是，在过滤器再生处理的执行开始条件已成立的情况下，算出自轻油添加阀24添加的目标轻油添加量Qaddt（步骤S102）。该目标轻油添加量Qaddt的具体计算方法在后面论述。
此后，自轻油添加阀24添加的轻油添加量Qadd被设定在目标轻油添加量Qaddt（步骤S103）。接着，执行自轻油添加阀24添加轻油的处理（步骤S104），由此开始执行过滤器再生处理。
［轻油添加量的计算方法］
接着，说明本实施例的过滤器再生处理执行时来自轻油添加阀24的目标轻油添加量Qaddt的计算方法。在内燃机1的气缸2内轻油或CNG未完全燃烧而存在余烬，于是产生HC。因此，自内燃机1排出的排气中包含HC。
因此，即便在没有自轻油添加阀24添加轻油的状态下，自内燃机1排出的HC也被供给到排气净化装置21。该HC与通过自轻油添加阀24添加轻油而被供给的HC同样地，在氧化催化剂22或载置于过滤器23的吸留还原型NOx催化剂中被氧化。于是，过滤器23的温度因该氧化热而上升。
因此，为了将过滤器23的温度控制在目标温度，不仅需要考虑通过自轻油添加阀24添加轻油而被供给的HC量，而且也要考虑自内燃机1排出的HC量。于是，在自轻油添加阀24添加轻油时，推定自内燃机1排出的HC量。接着，相对于该推定量，自轻油添加阀24添加与为了使过滤器23上升至目标温度而不足的部分的HC量相当的量的轻油。
自内燃机1排出的HC量可以基于内燃机1的运转状态进行推定。但是，作为CNG的主要成分的甲烷（CH4）与轻油相比更难以燃烧。因此，若假定内燃机1的运转状态相同，则当在内燃机1中使轻油和CNG混合燃烧时，与在内燃机1中仅使轻油燃烧时相比，自内燃机1排出的HC量较大地增加。
于是，在本实施例中，在执行过滤器再生处理时，当在内燃机1中使轻油和CNG混合燃烧时，与在内燃机1中仅使轻油燃烧并成为相同的运转状态时相比，减少自轻油添加阀24添加的轻油添加量。
图3是表示本实施例的过滤器再生处理执行时来自轻油添加阀24的目标轻油添加量的计算流程的流程图。本流程预先存储在ECU20中，在图2所示的流程的步骤S102中被执行。
在本流程中，首先，算出使过滤器23的温度上升至目标温度所要求的向排气净化装置21供给的HC的供给量即要求HC供给量QRHC（步骤S201）。基于自内燃机1排出的排气的温度（即假定未向排气净化装置21供给HC时的过滤器23的温度）和目标温度之差算出要求HC供给量QRHC。
自内燃机1排出的排气的温度可以基于内燃机1的运转状态进行推定。另外，该排气的温度也可以通过温度传感器进行检测。过滤器再生处理中的目标温度基于实验等预先被确定。自内燃机1排出的排气的温度和目标温度之差与要求HC供给量QRHC之间的关系，可以预先基于实验等来求出。而且，它们的关系作为映射图或函数被存储在ECU20中。在步骤S201中，将自内燃机1排出的排气的温度和目标温度之差代入该映射图或函数中，从而可以算出要求HC供给量QRHC。
接着，判定内燃机1是否通过轻油和CNG的混合燃烧进行运转（步骤S202）。接着，在内燃机1仅通过轻油的燃烧进行运转的情况下，算出第一HC排出量QHC1（步骤S203）。另一方面，在内燃机1通过轻油和CNG的混合燃烧进行运转的情况下，算出第二HC排出量QHC2（步骤S205）。
第一HC排出量QHC1指的是在内燃机1中仅使轻油燃烧时自该内燃机1排出的HC量。通过实验等求出的、内燃机1的运转状态和第一HC排出量QHC1之间的关系作为映射图或函数被存储在ECU20中。在步骤S202中，通过将内燃机1的运转状态代入该映射图或函数中，算出第一HC排出量QHC1。
第二HC排出量QHC2指的是当在内燃机1中使轻油和CNG混合燃烧时自该内燃机1排出的HC量。当在内燃机1中使轻油和CNG混合燃烧时，轻油的供给量和CNG的供给量的比率基于内燃机1的运转状态来确定。通过实验等求出的、轻油的供给量和CNG的供给量的比率与内燃机1的运转状态之间的关系，作为映射图或函数被存储在ECU20中。在该映射图或函数中，相对于内燃机1的运转状态的轻油的供给量和CNG的供给量的比率被确定为，能够在尽可能抑制轻油的供给量的同时确保气缸2内的燃烧（混合燃烧）。
并且，在ECU20中，通过实验等求出的、内燃机1的运转状态以及轻油的供给量和CNG的供给量的比率与第二HC排出量QHC2之间的关系作为映射图或函数被存储。如上所述，当在内燃机1中使轻油和CNG混合燃烧时，与在内燃机1中仅使轻油燃烧时相比，自内燃机1排出的HC排出量增加。因此，在该映射图或函数中，与假定内燃机1的运转状态相同的情况下的第一HC排出量QHC1相比，第二HC排出量QHC2被确定为更大的量。在步骤S205中，通过将内燃机1的运转状态以及轻油的供给量和CNG的供给量的比率代入该映射图或函数中，算出第二HC排出量QHC2。
而且，在内燃机1仅通过轻油的燃烧进行运转的情况下，自要求HC供给量QRHC减去第一HC排出量QHC1，与该减法计算值相当的轻油添加量作为来自轻油添加阀24的目标轻油添加量Qaddt被算出（步骤S204）。另一方面，在内燃机1通过轻油和CNG的混合燃烧进行运转的情况下，自要求HC供给量QRHC减去第二HC排出量QHC2，与该减法计算值相当的轻油添加量作为来自轻油添加阀24的目标轻油添加量Qaddt被算出（步骤S206）。
根据上述计算方法，对于执行过滤器再生处理时来自轻油添加阀24的目标轻油添加量Qaddt而言，当在内燃机1中使轻油和CNG混合燃烧时，与在内燃机1中仅使轻油燃烧并成为相同的运转状态时相比，减少与第一HC排出量QHC1和第二HC排出量QHC2的差值（=QHC2-QHC1）相当的量。
由此，在过滤器再生处理执行时，可以抑制向排气净化装置21供给的HC的量过剩地增加。其结果是，可以抑制过滤器23过度升温。而且，也可以减少在氧化催化剂22及载置于过滤器23的吸留还原型NOx催化剂中未被氧化而排出到外部的HC量。
而且，由于在获得上述效果的同时能够使过滤器23的温度上升至目标温度，因此，可以将堆积在过滤器23中的PM除去。即，可以使过滤器23充分地再生。并且，可以抑制随着执行过滤器再生处理而消耗的轻油的消耗量。
另外，在上述情况下，在调节向排气净化装置21供给的HC量时，使来自轻油添加阀24的轻油添加量增加或减少。但是，在自轻油添加阀24分多次添加轻油的情况下，各次的来自轻油添加阀24的轻油添加量自身不变而改变轻油添加的执行间隔，从而也可以调节向排气净化装置21供给的HC量。例如，若使自轻油添加阀24添加轻油的执行间隔延长（使添加轻油的执行暂停期间延长），则可以减少每单位时间向排气净化装置21供给的HC量。
另外，本实施例的来自轻油添加阀的轻油添加量的控制不仅可以应用于过滤器再生处理，而且也可以应用于伴随着来自轻油添加阀24的轻油添加的其他处理。例如，在对被载置于过滤器23的吸留还原型NOx催化剂吸留的SOx进行还原的SOx还原处理中，也需要通过自轻油添加阀24添加轻油以使过滤器23的温度（即吸留还原型NOx催化剂的温度）上升至能够进行SOx的还原的温度。也可以将本实施例的来自轻油添加阀的轻油添加量的控制应用于如上所述的SOx还原处理。
在本实施例中，排气净化装置21相当于本发明的排气净化装置。但是，本发明的排气净化装置的结构并不仅限于排气净化装置21那样的结构。本发明的排气净化装置只要具有氧化功能且通过被供给HC而再生即可，无论是哪样的结构都可以。
另外，在本实施例中，轻油添加阀24相当于本发明的HC供给装置。但是，在本实施例中，代替来自轻油添加阀24的轻油添加，利用轻油喷射器8在主喷射之后的正时执行副喷射，从而也可以向排气净化装置21供给HC。在该情况下，与来自上述的轻油添加阀24的轻油添加量同样地控制轻油喷射器8的副喷射量。另外，在该情况下，进行副喷射的轻油喷射器8相当于本发明的HC供给装置。
另外，在本实施例中，轻油相当于本发明的液体燃料。但是，本发明的液体燃料并不仅限于轻油。本发明也可以应用于能够使汽油、乙醇或LPG与CNG混合燃烧的内燃机。在该情况下，汽油、乙醇或LPG相当于本发明的液体燃料。
另外，在本实施例中，执行图2所示的流程的步骤S102及S103的处理及图3所示的流程的ECU20相当于本发明的HC供给量控制装置。另外，在本实施例中，执行图3所示的流程的步骤S203的处理的ECU20相当于本发明的第一HC排出量计算部。另外，在本实施例中，执行图3所示的流程的步骤S205的处理的ECU20相当于本发明的第二HC排出量计算部。
附图标记说明
1  内燃机
2  气缸
8  轻油喷射器
9  CNG喷射器
20 ECU
21 排气净化装置
22 氧化催化剂
23 颗粒过滤器
24 轻油添加阀
28 曲轴转角传感器
29 油门开度传感器

Claims (2)

1.一种内燃机的排气净化系统，该内燃机能够使液体燃料和压缩天然气混合燃烧，所述内燃机的排气净化系统的特征在于，具有：
排气净化装置，该排气净化装置设置在内燃机的排气通路中，并具有氧化功能；
HC供给装置，在使所述排气净化装置再生时，该HC供给装置向所述排气净化装置供给HC；以及
HC供给量控制装置，在使所述排气净化装置再生时，当在内燃机中使液体燃料和压缩天然气混合燃烧时，与在内燃机中仅使液体燃料燃烧并使内燃机的运转状态相同时相比，所述HC供给量控制装置减少自所述HC供给装置向所述排气净化装置供给的HC量。
2.如权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化系统，其特征在于，
所述HC供给量控制装置具有：
第一HC排出量计算部，该第一HC排出量计算部计算当在内燃机中仅使液体燃料燃烧时自该内燃机排出的HC量即第一HC排出量；以及
第二HC排出量计算部，该第二HC排出量计算部计算当在内燃机中使液体燃料和压缩天然气混合燃烧时自该内燃机排出的HC量即第二HC排出量，
在使所述排气净化装置再生时，当在内燃机中使液体燃料和压缩天然气混合燃烧时，与在内燃机中仅使液体燃料燃烧并使内燃机的运转状态相同时相比，所述HC供给量控制装置使自所述HC供给装置向所述排气净化装置供给的HC量减少所述第一HC排出量和所述第二HC排出量的差值。
CN201080070551.5A 2010-12-07 2010-12-07 内燃机的排气净化系统 Expired - Fee Related CN103261610B (zh)

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