CN103250019A - 通过低温蒸馏进行空气分离的设备和方法 - Google Patents

通过低温蒸馏进行空气分离的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN103250019A
CN103250019A CN2011800300759A CN201180030075A CN103250019A CN 103250019 A CN103250019 A CN 103250019A CN 2011800300759 A CN2011800300759 A CN 2011800300759A CN 201180030075 A CN201180030075 A CN 201180030075A CN 103250019 A CN103250019 A CN 103250019A
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air
pressure
compressor
clean unit
ice chest
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CN103250019B (zh
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R·杜贝蒂尔-格勒尼耶
A·吉亚尔
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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    • F25J3/04133—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
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Abstract

一种空气分离设备，所述设备包括：至少两个空气压缩机（1，3A，3B），其接收大致处于大气压力下的空气；至少两个空气净化单元（5A，5B，5C）；和一个或多个冷箱（25，27），至少一个压缩机连接到各个净化单元，从而将压缩空气输送至所述各个净化单元，所述净化单元连接至所述冷箱或多个冷箱，第一压缩机（1）被设计成生产处于第一压力下的空气并且将处于第一压力下的空气传送至第一净化单元（5A），所述第一净化单元连接至所述冷箱或第一冷箱的一个或多个高压空气管线（21，23），第二压缩机（3B，3C）被设计成生产处于第二压力下的空气并且将所有的处于第二压力下的空气传送至第二净化单元（5B，5C），所述第二净化单元连接至所述冷箱或第一冷箱的一个或多个中压空气管线（17，19），所述设备还包括机构（28），所述机构（28）用于改变所述第二压缩机的操作，以便将生产的空气的压力增加到高于所述第二压力的压力，所述第二压力比所述第一压力低，并且所述第二压缩机的输送侧经由所述第二净化单元连接至所述冷箱或第一冷箱的高压空气管线，以便将处于比所述第二压力高的压力下的空气传送至所述高压空气管线中。

Description

通过低温蒸馏进行空气分离的设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通过低温蒸馏进行空气分离的设备和方法。
背景技术
在包括一个或多个系列的空气压缩机和一个或多个冷箱的空气分离设备中，空气压缩机具有固定的功能，该固定的功能不会根据设备的操作模式的改变而发生改变。特别是，空气压缩机将空气从大气压压缩至高达一输送压力，该输送压力大致与具有最高压力的蒸馏塔的输送压力相同。增压压缩机将空气从空气压缩机的此输送压力压缩至由用于氧和/或液氮的蒸发的压力和待生产的液态产品的量的组合所限定的输送压力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服已知方法的缺陷。特别是，利用根据本发明的方法，可以：
减少机器的数量：虽然主压缩机的数量保持相同，但是不再需要空气增压压缩机；
通过在最高可能的压力下净化空气来减小净化单元的尺寸；
使压缩热量的回收最大化（通常情况下，增压压缩机的低温热量不能被回收）。
FR-A-2895068说明了一种空气分离设备，该空气分离设备包括：两个空气压缩机，其接收大致处于大气压力下的空气；两个空气净化单元；两个冷箱。各个压缩机被连接到各个净化单元，从而将压缩空气输送至各个净化单元，所述净化单元被分别连接至两个冷箱。所述压缩机中的第一个压缩机被设计成生产处于第一压力下的空气，并且将处于第一压力下的空气传送至第一净化单元，所述第一净化单元被连接至第一冷箱的高压空气管线。第二压缩机被设计成生产处于比第一压力低的第二压力下的空气，并且将处于第二压力下的空气传送至第二净化单元，所述第二净化单元被连接至第二冷箱的中压空气管线。
借助于这种方法，当正常操作期间供给高压空气的唯一的压缩机和/或在正常操作期间供给净化的高压空气的唯一的净化单元所生产的空气比期望的量少或者出现故障时，被供给有净化的高压空气的空气分离设备不可能继续进行操作。
根据本发明的一个目的，设想了一种空气分离设备，所述设备包括至少两个接收大致处于大气压力下的空气的空气压缩机、至少两个空气净化单元和一个或多个冷箱，至少一个压缩机连接到各个净化单元，从而将压缩空气输送至所述各个净化单元，所述净化单元连接至所述冷箱或多个冷箱，第一压缩机被设计成生产处于第一压力下的空气并且将所有的处于第一压力下的空气传送至第一净化单元，第一净化单元连接至所述冷箱或第一冷箱的一个或多个高压空气管线，第二压缩机被设计成生产处于第二压力下的空气并且将所有的处于第二压力下的空气传送至第二净化单元，第二净化单元连接至所述冷箱或第一冷箱的一个或多个中压空气管线，其特征在于，所述空气分离设备包括如下机构：所述机构用于改变第二压缩机的操作，以便使所生产的空气的压力增加到高于第二压力、优选与第一压力相等的压力，第二压力比第一压力低，并且第二压缩机的输送侧经由第二净化单元连接至所述冷箱或第一冷箱的高压空气管线，以便将处于比第二压力高的压力下的空气传送至所述高压空气管线中。
可选地：
-所述压缩机中的至少一个具有两个轴流式压缩级；
-用于改变第二压缩机的操作的机构由设计为具有可变转速的联接至第二压缩机的装置组成；
-所述装置是蒸汽涡轮机或高速电机；
-所述设备不包括任何由蒸汽涡轮机或电机驱动的并且进气压力明显高于大气压力的空气压缩机；
-压缩机的数量是3的倍数和/或净化单元的数量是3的倍数和/或冷箱的数量是2的倍数；
-所述设备在第一压缩机的下游和所述冷箱或第一冷箱的上游不包括压缩机构，和/或在第二压缩机的下游和所述冷箱或第一冷箱的上游不包括压缩机构；
-第一压缩机的输送侧仅连接至第一净化单元的入口；
-第二压缩机的输送侧仅连接至第二净化单元的入口。
根据本发明的另一个目的，设想了一种空气分离方法，所述方法使用至少两个被供给处于大气压力下的空气的空气压缩机、至少两个空气净化单元以及至少一个空气分离冷箱，其中，根据第一操作模式，将高压空气从第一压缩机输送到第一净化单元并且经由一个或多个高压管线从第一净化单元输送到所述冷箱或第一冷箱，将中压空气从第二压缩机输送到第二净化单元并且从第二净化单元输送到所述冷箱或第一冷箱，其特征在于，根据第二操作模式，改变第二压缩机（的操作）从而第二压缩机生产高压空气而不是生产中压空气，所述高压比中压高，第二压缩机的高压空气在第二净化单元中被净化，然后经由所述高压管线或多个高压管线被输送至所述冷箱或第一冷箱，并且可选地第一压缩机停机和/或第一净化单元停机。
可选地：
-第一空气压缩机生产绝对压力介于3.5bar和10bar之间、优选绝对压力介于3.5bar和5bar之间、或者绝对压力介于4bar和5bar之间的空气，第二压缩机在第一操作模式期间生产绝对压力介于2.5bar和5bar之间、优选介于3bar和4bar之间的空气，并且在第二操作模式期间生产绝对压力介于3.5bar和10bar之间、优选绝对压力介于3.5bar和5bar之间、或者绝对压力介于4bar和5bar之间的空气；
-第一操作模式是额定模式，第二操作模式是紧急操作模式；
-第一操作模式是通过空气分离生产的额定操作模式，第二操作模式是通过空气分离生产的降低产量/降级的操作模式；
-根据第二操作模式，第二压缩机的高压空气在高压下被输送到第二净化单元；
-在两种操作模式下，第一压缩机的所有空气被输送至第一净化单元，并且第二压缩机的所有空气被输送至第二净化单元。
附图说明
下面将参考附图对本发明进行更加详细的说明，其中图1示出了根据本发明的设备，图2示出了典型的冷箱，其能够被包含在作为空气分离设备的设备中。
具体实施方式
从图1中可以看出，存在空气压缩机1和两个空气压缩机3B，3C，它们都接收处于大气压力下的空气。应当注意，不存在接收处于比大气压力高的压力下的空气的空气增压压缩机。
压缩机1被连接到空气净化单元5A，压缩机3B，3C被连接至净化单元5B，5C，以便向这些净化单元供给空气。冷箱25，27各自包含空气分离设备的交换器和塔。该设备各自通过高压空气管线和中压空气管线供料。术语“高压”和“中压”仅仅意味着高压比中压高，因此两者之间的差异可能相对较小。第一空气压缩机1生产介于3.5bar和10bar（绝对压力）之间、优选地在3.5bar和5bar（绝对压力）之间、或者在4bar和5bar（绝对压力）之间的空气，第二压缩机生产处于可变压力下的空气，在第一操作模式下处于2.5bar和5bar（绝对压力）之间的中压下，优选地介于3bar和4bar之间。
因此，中压管线17和高压管线21供给冷箱25，中压管线19和高压管线23供给冷箱27。在高压管线中的空气必须还执行使空气分离设备的处于压力下的液氧蒸发的功能。
根据本发明的第一操作模式，其例如与额定操作模式相对应，来自于净化单元5A的空气9A在连接至高压管线21和高压管线23的管线内部循环，从而向冷箱25，27供给高压空气。阀13A关闭，阀11A打开。
压缩机3B，3C生产中压空气，所述中压空气在净化单元5B，5C中被净化。在管线9B中的净化的中压空气经由打开的阀13B被传送至中压管线17，19。在管线9C中的净化空气经由打开的阀13C被传送到中压管线17，19，因此冷箱25，27被供给中压空气，阀11B、11C关闭。
根据设备的第二操作模式，如果压缩机1不工作，为了继续生产高压空气，改变压缩机3B的操作使得压缩机3B生产高压空气而不是生产中压空气。这可通过改变蒸汽涡轮机或驱动蒸汽涡轮机的电机28的转速执行。生产的高压空气在可以承受这种压力的工艺的净化单元5B中被净化。由于阀13B关闭而阀11B打开，来自管线9B的空气进入高压管线17，19从而向冷箱25，27供给高压空气。可选地，高压空气的一部分可以在降低的压力下返回中压空气管线17，19（如果存在多余的高压空气的话）。
压缩机3C继续生产中压空气，并且将此空气传送至净化单元5C。管线9C中的被净化的空气经由打开的阀13C被传送至中压管线17，19，因此冷箱25，27被供给中压空气，阀11C关闭。
尽管图中没有示出需要的连接，在压缩机1出现故障的情况下，也可以将高压空气从压缩机3B输送至净化单元5A，然后经由阀13A输送至管线17，19，阀11A关闭。在此情况下，净化单元要求较低的压力变化容限。
图1示出的布置结构的优点是在净化单元5A出现故障的时候，可以绕过该净化单元5A。
压缩机1，3B，3C可具有轴流式压缩级。设备可以包括用于在压缩机1，3B，3C中的至少一个的下游回收热量的机构。
在产量输出下降或者压缩机3B，3C其中之一出现故障的情况下，来自压缩机1的空气可经由阀13A偏离/偏转方向，其中阀13A将空气的压力从高压降低至中压，从而将中压空气传送至管线21、23。
设备的第二操作模式可以与如下的情况相对应：与压缩机1相关联的净化单元5A的停机、由压缩机1或净化单元5A生产的流量降低、或者必须由冷箱25，27生产的产品的量降低。例如，在将要与高压空气作用以蒸发的加压氧的流量降低的情况下，有利地使用压缩机3B而不使用压缩机1，以便生产所需的最小量的氧。
简化至其最简单的构型，图1将仅包括压缩机1和3A、净化单元5A和5B以及冷箱25，而冷箱27和压缩机3B已被消除。根据第一操作模式，压缩机1生产将在净化单元5A中净化的高压空气，压缩机3B生产将在净化单元5B中净化的中压空气。
根据第二操作模式，压缩机1将停机，压缩机3B生产高压空气，高压空气的一部分的压力经由阀13B降低至返回中压。因此，压缩机3B生产冷箱25所需的两种压力的空气。
图2示出了一种空气分离设备，诸如可以安装在冷箱25，27中的至少一者中的空气分离设备。当从一个压缩机中供给高压空气21和中压空气17时，设备生产用于富氧燃烧单元的低压氧39。通过泵35在介于1.2bar绝对压力和2bar绝对压力之间的压力下泵送的氧在专门的蒸发器37中蒸发。该设备包括双塔41，其中中压塔借助于两个再沸器43，45热连接至低压塔。塔釜再沸器43由来自中压管线17的空气加热，而中间再沸器45由来自中压塔的氮加热。空气17的另一部分直接供给到中压塔。设备也生产由中压塔供给的气态氮。
显而易见地，其他类型的空气分离设备可以代替该设备。

Claims (15)

1.一种空气分离设备，所述设备包括至少两个接收大致处于大气压力下的空气的空气压缩机（1，3A，3B）、至少两个空气净化单元（5A，5B，5C）和一个或多个冷箱（25，27），至少一个压缩机连接到各个净化单元，从而将压缩空气输送至所述各个净化单元，所述净化单元连接至所述冷箱或多个冷箱，第一压缩机（1）被设计成生产处于第一压力下的空气并且将所有的处于第一压力下的空气传送至第一净化单元（5A），所述第一净化单元连接至所述冷箱或第一冷箱的一个或多个高压空气管线（21，23），第二压缩机（3B，3C）被设计成生产处于第二压力下的空气并且将所有的处于第二压力下的空气传送至第二净化单元（5B，5C），所述第二净化单元连接至所述冷箱或第一冷箱的一个或多个中压空气管线（17，19），其特征在于，所述空气分离设备包括如下机构（28）：所述机构用于改变所述第二压缩机的操作，以便使所生产的空气的压力增加到高于所述第二压力、优选与所述第一压力相等的压力，所述第二压力比所述第一压力低，并且所述第二压缩机的输送侧经由所述第二净化单元连接至所述冷箱或第一冷箱的高压空气管线，以便将处于比所述第二压力高的压力下的空气传送至所述高压空气管线中。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述压缩机（1，3B，3C）中的至少一者具有两个轴流式压缩级。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，用于改变所述第二压缩机（3B，3C）的操作的机构由设计为具有可变转速的联接至所述第二压缩机的装置组成。
4.如权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述装置是蒸汽涡轮机或高速电机。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备不包括由蒸汽涡轮机或电机驱动的并且进气压力明显高于大气压力的任何空气压缩机。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，压缩机（1，3A，3B）的数量是3的倍数和/或净化单元（5A，5B，5C）的数量是3的倍数和/或冷箱（25，27）的数量是2的倍数。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备在所述第一压缩机的下游和所述冷箱或第一冷箱的上游不包括压缩机构，和/或在所述第二压缩机的下游和所述冷箱或第一冷箱的上游不包括压缩机构。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一压缩机（1）的输送侧仅连接至所述第一净化单元（5A）的入口。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一压缩机（3B，3C）的输送侧仅连接至所述第二净化单元（5B）的入口。
10.一种空气分离方法，所述方法使用至少两个被供给处于大气压力下的空气的空气压缩机（1，3A，3B）、至少两个空气净化单元（5A，5B，5C）以及至少一个空气分离冷箱（25，27），其中，根据第一操作模式，将高压空气从第一压缩机（1）输送到第一净化单元（5A）并且经由一个或多个高压管线从所述第一净化单元输送到所述冷箱或第一冷箱，将中压空气从第二压缩机（3B，3C）输送到第二净化单元（5B，5C）并且从所述第二净化单元输送到所述冷箱或第一冷箱，其特征在于，根据第二操作模式，改变所述第二压缩机的操作从而所述第二压缩机生产高压空气而不是生产中压空气，所述高压比中压高，所述第二压缩机的高压空气在所述第二净化单元中被净化，然后经由所述高压管线或多个高压管线被输送至所述冷箱或第一冷箱，并且可选地所述第一压缩机停机和/或所述第一净化单元停机。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一空气压缩机生产绝对压力介于3.5bar和10bar之间、优选绝对压力介于3.5bar和5bar之间、或者绝对压力介于4bar和5bar之间的空气，所述第二压缩机在第一操作模式期间生产绝对压力介于2.5bar和5bar之间、优选介于3bar和4bar之间的空气，并且在第二操作模式期间生产绝对压力介于3.5bar和10bar之间、优选绝对压力介于3.5bar和5bar之间、或者绝对压力介于4bar和5bar之间的空气。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一操作模式是额定模式，所述第二操作模式是紧急操作模式。
13.如权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一操作模式是通过空气分离生产的额定操作模式，所述第二操作模式是通过空气分离生产的降低产量的操作模式。
14.如权利要求10至13中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，根据第二操作模式，所述第二压缩机的高压空气在高压下被输送到所述第二净化单元。
15.如权利要求10至14中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述两种操作模式下，所述第一压缩机的所有空气被输送至所述第一净化单元，并且所述第二压缩机的所有空气被输送至所述第二净化单元。
CN201180030075.9A 2010-06-18 2011-06-17 通过低温蒸馏进行空气分离的设备和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN103250019B (zh)

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EP2583040A2 (fr) 2013-04-24
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US9534836B2 (en) 2017-01-03
WO2011157431A3 (fr) 2013-08-29
CN103250019B (zh) 2016-01-20
FR2961586A1 (fr) 2011-12-23

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