CN103237706B - 混合电动车辆 - Google Patents

混合电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103237706B
CN103237706B CN201180058622.4A CN201180058622A CN103237706B CN 103237706 B CN103237706 B CN 103237706B CN 201180058622 A CN201180058622 A CN 201180058622A CN 103237706 B CN103237706 B CN 103237706B
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motor
vehicle
wheel
braking
caused
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CN103237706A (zh
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N·特鲁曼
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Protean Electric Ltd
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Protean Electric Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109—Braking
    • B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
    • B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
    • B60T13/585—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders
    • B60T13/586—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders the retarders being of the electric type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/11—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
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    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
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Abstract

一种车辆(100)包括布置成施加第一驱动力矩至第一车轮(101)以使车辆(100)运动的发动机(103)、和电动机(40)，该电动机布置成当处于驱动模式时施加第二驱动力矩至第二车轮(101)以使车辆(100)运动且当被置于制动运行模式且该电动机(40)正被第二车轮(101)驱动时产生电流，其中，该电动机(40)布置成当该发动机(103)正施加驱动力矩至第一车轮(101)时按照该制动模式运行。

Description

混合电动车辆
发明领域
本发明涉及混合电动车辆，尤其是具有电动机和内燃机的混合电动车辆。
发明背景
随着人们对环保车辆越来越感兴趣，使用电动车辆和混合电动车辆的呼声或许已经不令人吃惊地相应高涨起来。
尤其是，混合电动车已经变得越来越流行，在此，混合电动车辆的使用者能够在受益于可从带有内燃机的车辆中获得的广泛的加油基础设施的同时，也受益于由电动机带来的燃油经济性。
但是，为了充分享用由具有电驱动系统的车辆所提供的优点，一般需要给车辆内的、电动机供电所需要的电池定期充电。这样做的缺点是使车辆在充电过程中无法使用。
而且，因为可用于电动车辆的充电基础设施有限，所以无法保证在期望地点有可供使用的电池充电点。
发明目的
本发明寻求改善这一状况。
发明概述
根据本发明的一个方面，提供根据所附权利要求的车辆和方法。
这带来以下优点，即，允许电动车辆内的电池在车辆正驱动行驶时被充电，由此允许在充电过程中使用电动车辆。
另外，通过在车辆正驱动行驶中进行充电作业，可以将充电速度设定在比利用固定充电点可获得的充电速度更高的水平。
附图简介
现在将参照附图来举例进一步描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的车辆；
图2示出了被用在本发明的一个实施例中的电动机的分解视图；
图3示出了如图3所示的电动机的从另一个角度的分解视图；
图4示意示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的三相电动机的例子；
图5示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的制动力矩与车速的关系；
图6使出了根据本发明的一个实施例的制动力矩与转向角度的关系。
优选实施例的具体说明
图1示出了车辆100例如小轿车或货车，其具有四个车轮101，在此，两个车轮在车辆前侧位置，分别处于近侧位置和外侧位置。相似地，另外两个车轮在车辆后侧位置，分别处于近侧位置和外侧位置，这在传统的小轿车配置中是典型的。但是，如本领域技术人员将会认识到地，车辆可以具有任何数量的车轮。
在车辆后侧位置上的车轮101内集成有如以下将详述的轮内电动机。虽然本实施例描述了具有与位于车辆后侧位置的车轮101相关的轮内电动机的车辆，但如本领域技术人员将会认识到地，轮内电动机可以位于其它车轮内。例如轮内电动机可位于两个前轮内。另外，虽然本实施例描述了使用轮内电动机，但也可使用其它的电动机配置，例如居中安装的电动机，其利用驱动轴和/或齿轮箱来提供动力至各自车轮。但为了便于改造，使用轮内电动机是优选实施方式。
如下所述，轮内电动机设置用于提供驱动力矩或制动力矩。
该车辆也包括蓄电器110如电池110，用于提供电荷给轮内电动机，蓄电器被用于允许轮内电动机提供驱动力矩。
与轮内电动机和车辆通讯总线如CAN总线(未示出)相连的是用于控制由轮内电动机所产生的驱动力矩和制动力矩的主控制器102。
内燃机103位于车辆内，针对本实施例，该内燃机被连接至两个前轮，例如通过具有多个齿轮的齿轮箱104和驱动轴105。但是，内燃机103可以布置成驱动其它的车轮，包括正被轮内电动机驱动的车轮。如本领域技术人员众所周知地，内燃机103布置成施加力矩至两个前轮。由发动机和轮内电动机所产生的驱动力矩通过油门踏板(未示出)来控制，油门踏板位于车辆内且由车辆驾驶员来操控。如本领域技术人员众所周知地，发动机施加至车轮的力矩取决于发动机力矩和齿轮箱的选定挡位。
为了说明起见，轮内电动机属于具有一组线圈的类型，这组线圈是用于安装至车辆的定子的一部分并且在径向上被转子包围，该转子上装有要安装至车轮的一组磁体。但是，如本领域技术人员将会认识到的那样，本发明可被用于其它类型的电动机。一般，根据需要，轮内电动机将被设计成既提供驱动力矩，也提供再生制动力矩。
如图2所示，轮内电动机40包括定子252，该定子包括形成该总成壳体的第一部分的后部230和包括多个线圈和线圈驱动电路的散热驱动结构231。线圈驱动结构231被固定至该后部230以形成该定子252，该定子于是可以被安装至车辆上并且不会在使用中转动。线圈本身形成在齿状叠片上，其与驱动结构231和后部230一起形成该定子252。
转子240包括前部220和形成基本包围该定子252的盖的柱形部221。该转子包括围绕柱形部221的内侧布置的多个磁体242。这些磁体于是紧邻总成231上的线圈，从而由总成231中的线圈所产生的磁场与围绕转子240的柱形部221内侧布置的磁体242合作而造成转子240转动。
转子240通过轴承座223安装到定子252上。轴承座223可以是其上要装配发动机总成的车辆所采用的标准轴承座。轴承座包括两个部分，即，固定至定子的第一部分和固定至转子的第二部分。轴承座被固定到定子252的壁230的中心部233且也被固定至转子240的壳体壁220的中心部225。于是，转子240被转动安装在车辆上，转子要通过轴承座223在转子240的中心部225与该车辆连用。这样做的优点是，轮辋和轮胎于是可在中心部225利用常见的车轮螺栓被固定至转子240，以将轮辋固定至转子中心部并进而牢固固定到轴承座223的转动侧。车轮螺栓可一直穿过转子中心部225被装入轴承座本身中。
图3从相反侧示出了与图2相同的总成的分解视图，示出了包括后定子壁230和线圈及电路总成231的定子252。转子240包括外转子壁220和周向壁221，多个磁体242沿周向布置在该周向壁内。如前所述，定子252通过在转子壁和定子壁的中心部处的轴承座被连接至转子240。
图2还示出了载有有时被称为电动机驱动控制器的控制电路的电路板80。另外，在图2和图3中，V形密封350设置在转子的周向壁221和定子壳体230的外边缘之间。而且在图3中，为了指明转子相对于定子的位置，设有包括集流换向环和多个磁体的磁环227，用于布置在定子252的电动机驱动控制器80上的一组传感器。
如图2、3所示的电动机40是具有三个线圈组的三相电动机。在此实施例中，每个线圈组包括八个线圈子组。但是，如本领域技术人员将理解地，电动机可具有任何数量的线圈组和线圈子组。每个线圈组的线圈子组在图4中分别标为44、46和48。因而，如图4所示的电动机具有总共24个线圈子组(即每个线圈组有八个线圈子组)。
举例来说，在图4中，其中一些线圈子组用*来凸现。如果这些线圈子组是要被掉电，则电动机将还是能够运行，虽然性能减弱。这样一来，电动机的动力输出可以根据特定应用的要求来调整。在电动机被用在车辆如小轿车的一个例子中，某些线圈子组的掉电可被用来调整小轿车性能。在如图5所示的例子中，如果用*标示的每个线圈子组要掉电，则电动机将具有三个线圈组，其每个线圈组有两个起效的线圈子组。
至少其中一个线圈子组的掉电还有以下优点，在其中一个线圈子组发生故障的情况下，电动机40内的其它线圈子组可以被掉电，导致电动机40如此持续运行，即在电动机周围保持平衡的磁场分布以实现适当的多相操作。
电动机驱动控制器80布置成驱动一组三个线圈子组。例如电动机驱动控制器可以与位于图5上方的前三个线圈子组44、46、48相关联。另一个电动机驱动控制器80与随后三个线圈子组相关联，等等。因而，轮内电动机包括八个电动机驱动控制器80，它们布置成驱动各自线圈子组以形成分布式内部电动机结构，这种结构利用多个电动机驱动控制器80来控制由轮内电动机所产生的力矩。
每个电动机驱动控制器80以三相电压驱动一组三个线圈子组的分布式电动机驱动控制器配置可被视为一组逻辑子电动机。每个逻辑子电动机可与轮内电动机的其它子电动机独立地被驱动，此时每个逻辑子电动机作为三相电动机被驱动。
作为用于相关的逻辑子电动机的逆变器的电动机驱动控制器80包括多个开关，它们一般可以包括一个或多个半导体器件。电动机驱动控制器80包括印刷电路板，印刷电路板上装有多个元器件。该电路板包括用于将电动机驱动控制器80例如靠近相应的电动机驱动控制器所控制的线圈子组地固定在电动机40内的机构。在所示的例子中，这些机构包括多个开孔，螺钉或类似件可穿过该开孔。在此例子中，印刷电路板基本呈楔形。该形状允许多个电动机驱动控制器80彼此相邻地安置在电动机内，形成扇形布置形式。
电动机驱动控制器80开关可以包括半导体器件例如MOSFET或IGBT。在本例子中，该开关包括IGBT。但是任何合适的已知的开关电路可被用于控制在与该电动机驱动控制器80相关联的线圈子组的线圈内的电流。这样的开关电路的一个众所周知的例子是三相桥电路。
每个电动机驱动控制器80也包括处理器，在此，该处理器布置用于根据脉宽调制方案来操作该开关以控制各逻辑子电动机的力矩，如本领域技术人员众所周知的那样。该处理器布置成通过CAN接口接收来自主控制器102的力矩需求，但可以采用任何形式的在主控制器102和各电动机驱动控制器80之间的通讯链路。
响应于来自主控制器102的表示所需力矩的控制信号，每个电动机驱动控制器80布置成脉宽调制被施加至半导体开关的信号，该半导体开关形成三相桥电路来控制施加至这组三个线圈子组的电压以便产生电动机力矩，如本领域技术人员众所周知的那样。
轮内电动机布置用来产生驱动力矩或者制动力矩，这根据定子电流是引导或跟随转子磁通矢量，这由电动机驱动控制器开关作为脉宽调制方案的一部分所控制，这是本领域技术人员所众所周知的。
在提供制动力矩的同时，轮内电动机一般产生电流。这种运行模式一般被称为再生制动。一般，在再生制动过程中，由轮内电动机产生的电流被供给电池110，以允许电池110充电，由此允许回收在再生制动过程中所产生的能量。
因而，当该车辆制动系统被启动时，轮内电动机被布置成提供制动力矩，由此允许由轮内电动机产生的电流被用来充电该电池110。
为帮助该车辆电池110充电，主控制器102布置成根据驾驶员选择或其它预定标准在车辆内燃机正施加驱动力矩至前轮的情况下将轮内电动机置入再生制动模式。因而，在内燃机正提供驱动力矩至前车轮并造成车辆运动的同时，轮内电动机提供用以产生电流以充电该车辆电池110的制动力矩。这允许车辆电池110在特定时间被充分充电，而无需通过外电源来给该车辆电池110充电。
如上所述，可在驾驶员选择时进入再生制动模式，预定标准的其它例子可以包括以下当中的一个或多个：电池电荷水平(例如如果电池电荷水平低于预定水平)，时段，车辆所处地点，车辆的既定目的地(例如如果既定目的地处于拥堵收费地点)。
在内燃机103正被用来驱动车辆的再生制动模式中，为保证车辆操控特性未被不利地损害且车辆驾驶特性未受到妨碍，由主控制器所产生的制动力矩需求大小将例如根据车速和转向角度而改变。也可以根据其它标准来限制制动力矩需求，例如如果轮内电动机正接近其运转包络极限地工作，例如接近其最大运转温度。
现在将描述，在车辆内燃机103正提供驱动力矩以驱动车辆的情况下，由轮内电动机提供的制动力矩如何根据车速和转向角度来变化的例子。
图5示出了制动力矩与车速关系曲线的一个例子。
当内燃机103从静止起加速车辆时，为了避免对车辆如何起步的不利影响，由轮内电动机所提供的制动力矩被设定为零，直到达到第一速度阈值如10km/h。一旦车辆已达到第一速度阈值速度，则轮内制动力矩被逐渐增大，直到已达到第二速度阈值，此时轮内电动机所产生的电流随着制动力矩增大到第一预定制动力矩阈值而逐渐增大。虽然图5示出了由轮内电动机提供的制动力矩的线性增大，但可以采取任何制动力矩/速度关系。为了说明本实施例，第一预定制动力矩百分比阈值为可能的总制动力矩的15%，但可以选择任何合适的百分比值。预定制动力矩百分比阈值被选择为不会不利地损害车辆的操控特性或驾驶特性。
用于确定在何种速度达到第一预定制动力矩百分比阈值的标准可以依据许多不同标准，例如在特定速度和制动力矩下或者在发动机效率区的车辆操控特性或驾驶特性(例如第一预定制动力矩百分比阈值可以基于发动机在其最高效区内的运行)。
一旦已经达到第一预定制动力矩百分比阈值，则在达到第二预定车速前基本恒定地保持制动力矩。用于确定在何种速度下达到第二预定车速的标准可以依据许多不同标准，例如当发动机效率区降到阈值下。
在第二预定车速之上，制动力矩布置成逐渐减小，由此尽量减小由轮内电动机所施加的制动力矩不利地影响高速行驶和/或可提供给电池的最大充电电流被超过的危险。
为了说明如图5所示的实施例，速度和制动力矩值如下：
速度P1=10km/h，P2=60km/h，P3=00km/h，和P4=160km/h，
力矩P1=0%，P2=15%，P3=15%和P4=0%。
对于均能产生500Nm力矩的两个轮内电动机，如图5所示的配置有可能在图4中的点P2和P3之间提供达到1C的电荷(连续的70A)，在力矩恒定情况下，再生电流将与速度大约成比例。因而，为保持恒定的充电电流，该力矩需要随着车速提高被减小。为说明本实施例，由每个电动机在点P2和P3之间产生的制动力矩将是500Nm的15%(即对于这对电动机是150Nm的制动力矩)。这等同于与传统UK单相供电相比提供5倍以上的电流。
图6示出了制动力矩与方向盘角度的关系曲线的一个例子。一般，制动力矩关于方向盘角度的变化波动将结合制动力矩与速度的关系曲线来使用。
参见图6，制动力矩需求将在小方向盘角度时可完全获得，但将会在方向盘角度超过第一方向盘角度阈值时慢慢减弱，此时该制动力矩随着方向盘角度增大至第二方向盘角度阈值而逐渐移动至零。第一方向盘角度阈值和第二方向盘角度阈值被选择成尽量减小损害车辆操控特性或驾驶特性的危险。
为了说明如图6所示的实施例，基于在方向盘角度设定为零时提供第一预定制动力矩百分比阈值的车辆，制动力矩和方向盘角度值如下：
角度P1=90度，P2=180度，
力矩P1=15%，P2=0%。
虽然本实施例具有包括两个点的制动力矩和方向盘角度曲线，但制动力矩和方向盘角度曲线可以具有任何数量的点。而且，制动力矩不必减小到零，而是保持非零值，无论方向盘角度为多少。
另外，该控制器可适于包括根据车辆纵向加速度来改变由轮内电动机施加的制动力矩的功能。为了例如在超车时允许最大的车辆加速度，在达到阈值加速度或者阈值加速踏板位置时，该控制器可布置成减小由轮内电动机所产生的制动力矩。

Claims (5)

1.一种车辆，包括：布置成施加第一驱动力矩至第一车轮以使车辆运动的发动机；电动机，该电动机布置成当处于驱动模式时施加第二驱动力矩至第二车轮以使车辆运动且当被置于制动模式且该电动机正被第二车轮驱动时产生电流，其中，该电动机布置成当该发动机正施加驱动力矩至第一车轮时按照该制动模式运行；以及通过控制由该电动机所产生的制动力矩大小来控制当处于制动模式时由该电动机所产生的电流的控制器，其中，该控制器布置成根据该发动机运行所处的效率区将该电动机置于该制动模式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，该控制器布置成根据车速来改变由该电动机所产生的制动力矩大小。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，该控制器布置成根据在该车辆内的方向盘的转向角度来控制由该电动机所产生的制动力矩大小。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，该控制器布置成根据车辆纵向加速度或者加速踏板位置来改变由该电动机所产生的制动力矩大小。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中包括布置成储纳由该电动机在处于该制动模式时所产生的电荷的电池。
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