CN103232859A - Multistage downdraft biomass gasifier - Google Patents
Multistage downdraft biomass gasifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN103232859A CN103232859A CN2013101820836A CN201310182083A CN103232859A CN 103232859 A CN103232859 A CN 103232859A CN 2013101820836 A CN2013101820836 A CN 2013101820836A CN 201310182083 A CN201310182083 A CN 201310182083A CN 103232859 A CN103232859 A CN 103232859A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage downdraft biomass gasifier, and relates to a biomass gasification device. The invention provides the multistage downdraft biomass gasifier which can improve the biomass conversion efficiency and the quality of biomass gas. The multistage downdraft biomass gasifier is provided with a biomass raw material storage tank, an upper gasifier body section, a middle gasifier body section and a lower gasifier body section, wherein the upper gasifier body section, the middle gasifier body section and the lower gasifier body section are connected with one another by sharing an axial line; the biomass raw material storage tank is arranged at the upper part of the upper gasifier body section and provided with a charge port, a charge port cover and a discharge port; the discharge port is communicated with an inner cavity of the upper gasifier body section; the inner cavity of the upper gasifier body section is provided with a guide drum; a plurality of holes are formed in the side wall of the guide drum; a gap is formed between the guide drum and the inner cavity of the upper gasifier body section; a duct is positioned below the biomass raw material storage tank; a first-stage air inlet and a liquefied gas inlet are formed in the upper part of the upper gasifier body section; at least four second-stage air inlets are formed in the upper part of the middle gasifier body section; a gasifier bar is arranged at the lower part of the middle gasifier body section; and the lower gasifier body section is provided with a cleaning door and a gas outlet.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass gasification device, especially relate to a kind of multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace.
Background technology
Gasifying biomass is one of major technique of biomass energy higher-grade utilization, it is by gasification installation biomass to be carried out partial combustion and decomposition under anoxia condition, makes solid-state biomass convert the process of the higher-grade inflammable gas of easy to use and cleaning to.It is several that biomass gasification technology can be divided into fixed bed, air flow bed and fluidized-bed etc. by the type of furnace.
The downdraft vapourizing furnace belongs to a kind of of fixed bed, and it is by allowing gasifying medium (as air) with descending mode process raw material bed, reasonably adjust the axial temperature distribution in the vapourizing furnace, obtaining the effect that reduces tar content.Advantages such as that the downdraft vapourizing furnace also has is simple in structure, cheap, good operating stability, but also can the negative pressure operation, widespread use and research therefore obtained at present.But to the requirement of combustion gas, the coal-tar middle oil content of combustion gas that common downdraft vapourizing furnace provides is still too high in using with respect to some.This is because tar is a kind of black thickness oily matter liquid under the normal temperature, can condense in the vapourizing furnace upstream device, causes mechanical system to break down, so have a strong impact on continuous, stable, the operation safely of gasification system.In addition, energy has also been taken away in the discharge of tar, has reduced fuel gases calorific value and gasification efficiency.The secondary pollutant that polynuclear aromatic family in the tar produces when purifying and burn also can cause serious harm to environment and human health, so the high problem of tar content is one of bottleneck that hinders at present the vapourizing furnace development.In order to reduce tar, existing downdraft biomass gasification device generally all be gas outlet add filter or washing device to remove tar, a kind of downdraft vapourizing furnace is disclosed as Chinese patent 201020619891.6, this body structure of vapourizing furnace is not carried out substantial improvements to reduce tar, though installed in the downstream of vapourizing furnace that tar filters or washing device the most at last under the coal-tar middle oil reduction of combustion gas, but, rely on refining plant to remove tar, not only can reduce the transformation efficiency (because the polynuclear aromatic compound in the tar is not converted into the combustion gas small molecules) of gasification system carbon, and the tar that filters out also can cause problems such as environmental pollution.Aspect the vapourizing furnace improvement in performance, rarely has the measure of gasifying medium (such as air) being carried out preheating at present.The gasifying medium of common vapourizing furnace (such as air) generally all is directly to introduce in the vapourizing furnace with the normal temperature state, and the reduction that this causes temperature in the stove easily influences temperature distribution in the stove, thereby reduces gasification efficiency.
In a word, present downdraft vapourizing furnace is not still having great breakthrough aspect the reduction tar, therefore, develops a kind of new and effective, lower (＜150mg/m of the outlet coal-tar middle oil content of combustion gas
3) the downdraft biomass gasification device be necessary very much for the development of biomass gasification technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace that can improve Wood Adhesives from Biomass efficient, improve the biological fuel gas quality.
The present invention is provided with biomass material stock chest, epimere body of heater, stage casing body of heater and hypomere body of heater;
Epimere body of heater, stage casing body of heater and hypomere body of heater coaxial inner conductor interconnect, and the biomass material stock chest is located at the epimere upper of furnace body, and the biomass material stock chest is provided with charging opening, charging opening capping and discharge port, and discharge port communicates with epimere body of heater inner chamber; Epimere body of heater inner chamber is provided with guide, and the guide sidewall has a plurality of holes, is provided with the space between guide and the epimere body of heater internal chamber wall, and guide is positioned at biomass material stock chest below; The top of epimere body of heater is provided with first step gas inlet and liquefied gas entrance; The stage casing upper of furnace body is provided with at least 4 second stage gas inlets, and the bottom of stage casing body of heater is provided with fire bars; The hypomere body of heater is provided with ash removing hole and gas outlet.
Described epimere body of heater, stage casing body of heater and hypomere body of heater preferably are cylindrical furnace, can adopt flange to connect between epimere body of heater, stage casing body of heater and the hypomere body of heater.
The air flow line of described first step gas inlet is preferably the tangential direction of epimere body of heater side.
The top of described stage casing body of heater preferably is provided with the sparger of annular dish shape band reducing, and second stage gas inlet links to each other with the sparger of annular dish shape band reducing; Described second stage gas inlet is 4, and 4 second stage gas inlets evenly are laid in the periphery of stage casing body of heater, and each second stage gas inlet is all vertical with stage casing body of heater wall.
Described epimere body of heater and stage casing body of heater preferably are equipped with the thermopair socket on the furnace wall, the thermopair socket is used for assigning thermopair, to show and the temperature of following the tracks of in the body of heater.
Described epimere body of heater and stage casing body of heater preferably are equipped with thermal insulation layer, and described thermal insulation layer can adopt insulating brick or other lagging material.
Compared with the prior art, principle of work of the present invention and beneficial effect are as follows:
The three sections bodies of heater in upper, middle and lower can constitute multistage downdraft gasification body of heater.Owing to be provided with guide in the epimere body of heater, leave the space between guide and the body of heater wall, the gasification gas that can make generation escapes and enter this interstice coverage from the hole of guide wall.In addition, because the air flow line of first step gas inlet is the tangential direction of epimere body of heater side, air is tangentially entered in the epimere body of heater, and enter guide in rotary manner, mix the back then with biomass descending, the effect of this similar cyclonic separator can promote air to mix well with biomass, and can drive the gas that gasification back generates and discharge from the hole on the guide sidewall.The set liquefied gas entrance of epimere body of heater is used for ignition trigger, namely closes this liquefied gas entrance in case stove is lighted.The thermopair socket is used for assigning thermopair, to show the temperature in the body of heater.The effect of stage casing body of heater is to make biomass and from the gasification product of epimere body of heater redox reaction takes place further again, and the coal-tar middle oil content of combustion gas of generation is significantly reduced.The effect of hypomere body of heater is to separate with ashes and collect ashes for combustion gas.In addition, the set combustion gas body outlet of hypomere body of heater can be discharged body of heater with the combustion gas (gasification gas) that produces.Air branch two-stage enters, and air at different levels enters after all can being preheated to required temperature respectively by external heater again.
Outstanding advantage of the present invention is summarized as follows:
1, gasifying medium air branch two-stage of the present invention enters vapourizing furnace, and can be preheated respectively.And in the prior art, generally be that freezing air directly enters in the stove and is not heated, reduced temperature in the stove, reduced gasification efficiency.And air can improve the gasification efficiency of vapourizing furnace earlier through entering in the stove after the preheater preheating again among the present invention.
2, first step air of the present invention enters along the tangential direction of gasification body of heater, earlier by a sparger of being with reducing, and enters in the stove in rotary manner.This structure that is similar to cyclonic separator makes the air and the biomass that enter body of heater have the better mixing effect.
3, the gas that is beneficial to after the gasification that has of guide separates with coke or the unconverted biomass of generation in the epimere body of heater of the present invention, and allows gas discharge from the wall aperture of guide, and enters second stage reaction after the air mixed of the second stage again.Make like this and enter partial gas and mix more even.Simultaneously, the existence of guide also can impel biomass material in the hopper to sink along with the carrying out of gasification is directed.
4, the second stage of the present invention air enters from a plurality of entrances, so air can more evenly enter gasification zone, the second stage.Because the second stage mainly is oxidation and reduction zone, so be conducive to that biomass material is oxidized to reach a high temperature, the tar that also is conducive to produce simultaneously is reduced, thereby has improved gasification gas output and quality.
5, in view of above-mentioned special structural design, multistage downdraft vapourizing furnace of the present invention can produce high-quality combustion gas, the extremely low (＜150mg/m of contained tar content in the combustion gas
3).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 uses synoptic diagram for the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, present embodiment is provided with biomass material stock chest 6, epimere body of heater 1, stage casing body of heater 2 and hypomere body of heater 3.
Epimere body of heater 1, stage casing body of heater 2 and hypomere body of heater 3 are cylindrical furnace, adopt the flange coaxial inner conductor to interconnect between epimere body of heater 1, stage casing body of heater 2 and the hypomere body of heater 3.Biomass material stock chest 6 is located at epimere body of heater 1 top, biomass material stock chest 6 is provided with charging opening 5, charging opening capping 4 and discharge port 61, discharge port 61 communicates with epimere body of heater 1 inner chamber, epimere body of heater 1 inner chamber is provided with guide 10, have a plurality of apertures 12 above guide 10 sidewalls, be provided with space (pore size can be set according to practical situation) between guide 10 and epimere body of heater 1 internal chamber wall, guide 10 is positioned at biomass material stock chest 6 belows.The top of epimere body of heater 1 is provided with first step gas inlet 7 and liquefied gas entrance 8, and the air flow line of first step gas inlet 7 is the tangential direction of epimere body of heater 1 side.
Body of heater 2 tops in stage casing are provided with 4 second stage gas inlets 13, and the bottom of stage casing body of heater 2 is provided with fire bars 14.4 second stage gas inlets 13 evenly are laid in the periphery of stage casing body of heater 2, and all link to each other with the sparger of annular dish shape band reducing.The sparger of annular dish shape band reducing is located at the top of stage casing body of heater 2.
Hypomere body of heater 3 is provided with ash removing hole 16 gentle gasification outlets 15.Ash removing hole 16 is equipped with the revolving door that can be easy to open.
Described epimere body of heater 1 and stage casing body of heater 2 are equipped with a plurality of thermopair sockets 9 in the furnace wall, thermopair socket 9 is used for assigning thermopair, to show the temperature in the body of heater.
Described epimere body of heater 1 and stage casing body of heater 2 are equipped with thermal insulation layer 11, and described thermal insulation layer 11 adopts insulating brick (or other material).
Referring to Fig. 1 and 2, the operation instruction of present embodiment is as follows:
Open the charging opening lid 4 of multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace P1 earlier, biomass material is joined in the biomass material stock chest 6 by charging opening 5, close charging opening 5 after filling it up with.Then, starting gas blower P9 introduces air.Air enters electric heater P2 preheating through magnetic valve P4 and mass rate instrument P3, and enters multistage downdraft vapourizing furnace P1 by first step gas inlet 7 and second stage gas inlet 13.The unloading phase only open first step gas inlet 7 earlier, feed liquefied gas point burner endogenous substances by liquefied gas entrance 8; Treat that temperature reaches preset value and enters and open second stage gas inlet 13 again after stablizing gasifying stage.Be followed successively by drying zone, pyrolysis zone, oxidation zone and reduction zone from top to bottom along axis direction in the epimere body of heater 1; Mainly be oxidation zone and reduction zone in the stage casing body of heater 2, its effect is with the gasification gas of epimere body of heater 1 and the further redox of tar.Biomass material is introduced into cyclonic separator P5 and removes wherein solid granulates (being collected among the charcoal jar P7) after this two sections bodies of heater gasification; Gaseous component enters condenser P6 and gas-liquid separator P10 separates out phlegma and remaining tar more then.At last, the gasification gas (combustion gas) that comes out from gas-liquid separator P10 is discharged by gas blower P9 after filtering small drop through filter P8, namely obtains high-quality combustion gas., the tar content that this high-quality combustion gas is carried secretly is extremely low (general＜150mg/m
3), discharge vapourizing furnace from the gas outlet 15 of hypomere body of heater 3 at last; The ashes that react residual then drop down onto the bottom of hypomere body of heater 3, can discharge by the fire door 16 of cleaning ashes.
Claims (7)
1. a multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace is characterized in that being provided with the three sections bodies of heater in biomass material stock chest and upper, middle and lower;
Every section body of heater coaxial inner conductor interconnects, and the biomass material stock chest is located at the epimere upper of furnace body, and the biomass material stock chest is provided with charging opening, charging opening capping and discharge port, and discharge port communicates with epimere body of heater inner chamber; Epimere body of heater inner chamber is provided with guide, and the guide sidewall has a plurality of holes, is provided with the space between guide and the epimere body of heater internal chamber wall, and guide is positioned at biomass material stock chest below; The top of epimere body of heater is provided with first step gas inlet and liquefied gas entrance; The stage casing upper of furnace body is provided with at least 4 second stage gas inlets, and the bottom of stage casing body of heater is provided with fire bars; The hypomere body of heater is provided with ash removing hole and gas outlet.
2. a kind of multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described every section body of heater is cylindrical furnace, adopts flange to connect between every section body of heater.
3. a kind of multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace as claimed in claim 1, the air flow line that it is characterized in that described first step gas inlet is the tangential direction of epimere body of heater side.
4. a kind of multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the top of described stage casing body of heater preferably is provided with the sparger of annular dish shape band reducing, and second stage gas inlet links to each other with the sparger of annular dish shape band reducing.
5. a kind of multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that described second stage gas inlet is provided with 4,4 second stage gas inlets all are laid in the periphery of stage casing body of heater, and each second stage gas inlet is all vertical with stage casing body of heater wall.
6. a kind of multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described epimere body of heater and stage casing body of heater are equipped with the thermopair socket in the furnace wall.
7. a kind of multistage downdraft biomass gasifying furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described epimere body of heater and stage casing body of heater are equipped with thermal insulation layer, and described thermal insulation layer adopts insulating brick.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310182083.6A CN103232859B (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | Multistage downdraft biomass gasifier |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310182083.6A CN103232859B (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | Multistage downdraft biomass gasifier |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103232859A true CN103232859A (en) | 2013-08-07 |
| CN103232859B CN103232859B (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310182083.6A Expired - Fee Related CN103232859B (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | Multistage downdraft biomass gasifier |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107474881A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-12-15 | 吴植仁 | Biological particles downdraft gas-charcoal furnace with activation section, two times of gasification |
| CN108219849A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-06-29 | 瀛ｅ姜 | A kind of Industrial Solid Waste plasma gasification environmental protection treatment device |
| CN111269735A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-12 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Biomass three-section type pressurizing high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device |
| CN111826201A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-27 | 山东大学 | Process, system and application for flash pyrolysis gasification and tar removal of biomass |
| CN112662430A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 | Combined furnace body |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4007093A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1977-02-08 | Svyatoslav Kirillovich Doilov | Furnace for thermal processing of lump solid fuel |
| CN102329656A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-01-25 | 张建超 | Downdraft biomass gasification reaction chamber and gasification process thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-05-16 CN CN201310182083.6A patent/CN103232859B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4007093A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1977-02-08 | Svyatoslav Kirillovich Doilov | Furnace for thermal processing of lump solid fuel |
| CN102329656A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2012-01-25 | 张建超 | Downdraft biomass gasification reaction chamber and gasification process thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107474881A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-12-15 | 吴植仁 | Biological particles downdraft gas-charcoal furnace with activation section, two times of gasification |
| CN108219849A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-06-29 | 瀛ｅ姜 | A kind of Industrial Solid Waste plasma gasification environmental protection treatment device |
| CN112662430A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-16 | 西安航天源动力工程有限公司 | Combined furnace body |
| CN111269735A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-12 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Biomass three-section type pressurizing high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device |
| CN111826201A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-27 | 山东大学 | Process, system and application for flash pyrolysis gasification and tar removal of biomass |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN103232859B (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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Granted publication date: 20140827 Termination date: 20210516 |