CN103227496A - 使用于电动车辆充电器的dc链电容器放电的装置 - Google Patents

使用于电动车辆充电器的dc链电容器放电的装置 Download PDF

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CN103227496A
CN103227496A CN2013100375120A CN201310037512A CN103227496A CN 103227496 A CN103227496 A CN 103227496A CN 2013100375120 A CN2013100375120 A CN 2013100375120A CN 201310037512 A CN201310037512 A CN 201310037512A CN 103227496 A CN103227496 A CN 103227496A
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voltage
chain capacitor
power supply
power
controller
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CN103227496B (zh
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朴赞基
李载昊
陈昊相
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LS Electric Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
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Abstract

本发明的示例性实施例包括一种使用于电动车辆充电器的DC链电容器放电的装置。在所述装置异常地操作的情况下，中止整流器、升压功率因数控制电路以及DC-DC转换器的操作，并且所述装置通过备用电源单元接收在DC链电容器中充电的电源从而执行控制操作。

Description

使用于电动车辆充电器的DC链电容器放电的装置
技术领域
本公开涉及一种使用于电动车辆充电器的DC链电容器放电的装置。
背景技术
本部分提供关于本公开的背景信息，其不必然是现有技术。
总的来说，安装有用于功率因数校正的升压功率因数控制（PFC）电路的电子设备（例如电动车辆充电器）需要使在升压PFC电路的输出端子的电容器中充电的高电压初始放电的度量。
在现有技术中，在电动车辆充电器的操作期间产生异常的情况下，保持升压PFC电路的输出端子处充电的高电压而不需要任何中断以等待几分钟直至数十分钟直到使充电的电压放电，或者提供单独的放电电路以便允许充电的电压放电。结果，不可避免地产生用于等待时间段的额外费用，或者不必要地产生用于配置额外的元件的额外费用。
因此，本公开提出用于使在升压PFC电路的输出端子的DC链电容器中充电的电压放电的、更加稳定的且有成本效益的设备。
发明内容
本部分提供本公开的总的概述，并且本部分不是其完整范围或其全部特征的全面公开。
本公开提供了用于使在升压PFC电路的输出端子的DC链电容器中充电的电压放电的、更加稳定的且有成本效益的设备。
然而，应当强调，如在上文中的解释，本公开不限制于特定的公开。应当理解，本领域的技术人员可以意识到在本文中未提及的其他技术主题。
在本公开的一个总的方案中，提供了一种用于通过将AC电源转换为用于电动车辆的DC电源来使高电压电池充电的装置，所述装置包括：整流器，其配置为接收所述AC电源并且将所述AC电源转换为DC电源；升压功率因数控制（PFC）电路，其配置为通过接收经整流的DC电源来校正功率因数；DC链电容器，其配置为通过连接到所述升压PFC电路的输出而被充电；DC-DC转换器，其配置为通过转换在所述DC链电容器中充电的电压来使所述高电压电池充电；控制器，其配置为控制所述整流器、所述升压PFC电路和所述DC-DC转换器；以及备用电源单元，其配置为通过连接到所述DC链电容器的输出端子并且转换在所述DC链电容器中充电的电压来将电源供应到所述控制器。
优选地但不是必要地，所述备用电源单元可以包括开关模式电源（SMPS）。
优选地但不是必要地，所述备用电源单元可电连接到所述DC链电容器的两端。
优选地但不是必要地，所述控制器还可以配置为：中止所述整流器、所述升压PFC电路以及所述DC-DC转换器的操作；并且在所述装置异常地操作的情况下接收在所述DC链电容器中充电的所述电压。
优选地但不是必要地，所述备用电源单元还可以配置为在所述装置异常地操作的情况下转换在所述DC链电容器中充电的电压并且将转换的电压提供到所述控制器。
优选地但不是必要地，所述控制器还可以配置为：在所述DC链电容器充分地充电之前从连接到所述控制器的低电压电池接收电源，并且在所述DC链电容器充分地充电的情况下从所述备用电源单元接收电源。
本公开具有的有益效果在于：在大容量升压PFC电路显现出异常操作（例如保护电路操作或紧急事故）、开关元件的全部操作暂时地停止以及向连接到升压PFC电路的输出端子的DC链电容器施加近似400Vdc的高电压的情况下，形成DC链电容器的放电回路以便在紧急情况下获得电力稳定性而不需要额外电路的辅助。
附图说明
为了解释本公开的原理，为了图示、示例以及描述的目的，在下文中呈现了关于其优选的实施例的一些附图，但是并非旨在使它们是详尽的。附图仅通过示例而不是通过限定的方式描述了依照本构思的一个或多个示例性实施例。在附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同的或类似的元件。
因此，参照示例性附图，通过以下对于一些示例性实施例的详细描述，将更加容易地理解多种潜在的、实用且有用的实施例，在附图中：
图1是图示出根据现有技术的用于使电动车辆放电的装置的配置；以及
图2是图示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的用于使电动车辆放电的装置的配置。
具体实施方式
在本公开的描述中，可以省略本领域中已知的构造或过程的详细描述，以避免关于这样已知的构造和功能的不必要细节使本领域中的普通技术人员模糊对本发明的理解。也就是说，在附图中，为了清楚，可以使层、区域和/或其他元件的尺寸和相对尺寸扩大或缩小。相同的附图标记始终表示同样的元件并且将省略彼此重复的说明。
相应地，在说明书和权利要求书中特定术语或词语的含义不应限制为字面或一般采用的意义，而是应该依照使用者或操作者的意图和惯常的使用而进行解释或者依照使用者或操作者的意图和惯常的使用而不同。因此，特定术语或词语的定义应该是基于贯穿说明书的内容的。
在下文中，将参照附图详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。
图1是图示出根据现有技术的用于使电动车辆充电的装置的配置。
根据现有技术的用于使电动车辆充电的装置（在下文中，称作“充电装置”）包括：电力转换单元110、120、130、140，控制电力转换单元110、120、130、140的控制器150，以及将电源供应到控制器150和低电压电池的电源单元160。图1中的箭头表示：控制器150控制整流器110、升压PFC电路120以及DC-DC转换器140。
控制器150从电源单元160接收用于操作的电源。电源单元160可以切换或调整从低电压电池供应的电源，并且向控制器150提供经切换或调整的电力。
同时，在充电装置或充电装置的电源单元异常地操作的情况下，控制器150能够执行电路保护操作以便关断电力转换单元中的所有元件。在这种情况下，利用高电压的电源使连接到升压PFC电路120的输出端子的DC链电容器130充电。因此，为了使电力转换单元正常地操作，电力转换单元必须等待直到使在DC链电容器130的两个远端处的高电压充分地放电。而且，如果在DC链电容器130的两个远端处保持高电压的电源，则存在产生包括触电死亡的安全事故的担心。
图2是图示出根据本公开的示例性实施例的用于使电动车辆充电的装置（在下文中，称为“充电装置”）的配置。
充电装置是用于通过将输入的AC电源转换为DC电源来对高电压电池进行充电的装置。因此，该装置可以包括：整流器210，其接收AC电源并且将AC电源转换为DC电源；升压PFC（功率因数控制）电路220，其通过接收经整流的DC电源来校正功率因数；DC链电容器230，其通过连接到升压PFC电路220的输出来使电压充电；DC-DC转换器240，其通过转换在DC链电容器230中充电的电压来使高电压电池充电。
而且，根据本公开的示例性实施例的充电装置还可以包括：控制器250，其控制整流器210、升压PFC电路220以及DC-DC转换器230；以及备用电源单元260，其通过连接到DC链电容器230的输出端子并且转换在DC链电容器230中充电的电源来将电源供应到控制器250。
根据本公开示例性实施例的充电装置的控制器250可以将低电压电池用作主电源，并且将备用电源单元260用作备用电源。也就是说，在充电装置正常地操作的情况下，控制器250可以从低电压电池接收电源，并且在充电装置异常地操作的情况下，控制器250可以接收在DC链电容230中充电的高电压作为其操作电源。在此时，备用电源单元260可以是例如SMPS（开关模式电源）。
而且，在充电装置处于初始操作阶段中的情况下，控制器250可以从低电压电池中接收电源，并且在充电装置经过了初始操作阶段或者异常地操作的情况下，控制器250可以接收在DC链电容器230中充电的高电压作为其操作电源。
现在，将更加详细地描述根据本公开的示例性实施例的充电装置的操作。
根据本公开的示例性实施例的控制器250可以将在连接到升压PFC电路220的输出端子的DC链电容器230的两个远端处的电压用作其操作电源。也就是说，控制器250可以从连接到DC链电容器230的两个远端的备用电源单元260接收电源。
同时，在DC链电容器230的两个远端处的电压需要用于充分地充电的预定时间段，使得在充电装置的初始操作阶段下控制器250可以从低电压电池接收操作电力。而且，如果仅在初始操作阶段下使用低电压电池，则存在延长低电压电池的寿命的益处。
此后，在DC链电容器230的两个远端处的电压完全地充电的情况下（即：如果装置不再处于初始操作阶段），控制器250可以从备用电源单元260接收电源。备用电源单元260接收在DC链电容器230的两个远端处充电的电源，并且通过切换或调整电源来将电源提供到控制器250。
在充电装置异常地操作或者充电装置显现出错误操作的情况下，控制器250可以中止充电装置的操作。也就是说，控制装置250可以停止整流器210、升压PFC电路220和DC-DC转换器240的操作。
在停止装置的充电操作的情况下，在DC链电容器230的远端处可以存在近似400Vdc的充电电压。根据现有技术，在DC链电容器230的远端处充电的高电压可以引起诸如触电死亡之类的安全事故。
然而，根据本公开的示例性实施例的DC链电容器230的两个远端还连接到备用电单元260，使得响应于备用电源单元260的电压转换操作可以使在DC链电容器260的两个远端处的高电压在几秒内完全地放电。
为此，即使产生错误操作或异常操作，根据本公开的示例性实施例的充电装置也可以使在DC链电容器230的远端处的高电压快速地放电，借此能够使引起安全事故的可能性最小化。
虽然已经参照本公开的许多图示的实施例描述了本公开，但是应当理解的是，本领域中的技术人员可以设计出将落入本公开的原理的精神和范围内的多个其他的变型例和实施例。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于通过将AC电源转换为用于电动车辆的DC电源来使高电压电池充电的装置，所述装置包括：
整流器，其配置为接收所述AC电源并且将所述AC电源转换为DC电源；
升压功率因数控制电路，其配置为通过接收经整流的DC电源来校正功率因数；
DC链电容器，其配置为通过连接到所述升压功率因数控制电路的输出而被充电；
DC-DC转换器，其配置为通过转换在所述DC链电容器中充电的电压来使所述高电压电池充电；
控制器，其配置为控制所述整流器、所述升压功率因数控制电路和所述DC-DC转换器；以及
备用电源单元，其配置为通过连接到所述DC链电容器的输出端子并且转换在所述DC链电容器处充电的电压来将电源供应到所述控制器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述备用电源单元包括开关模式电源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述备用电源单元电连接到所述DC链电容器的两端。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述控制器还配置为：
中止所述整流器、所述升压功率因数控制电路以及所述DC-DC转换器的操作；并且
在所述装置异常地操作的情况下接收在所述DC链电容器中充电的所述电压。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述备用电源单元还配置为在所述装置异常地操作的情况下转换在所述DC链电容器中充电的电压并且将转换的电压提供到所述控制器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述控制器还配置为：在所述DC链电容器充分地充电之前从连接到所述控制器的低电压电池接收电源，并且在所述DC链电容器充分地充电的情况下从所述备用电源单元接收电源。
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