CN103222424B - Method for quickly preparing pear flower powder - Google Patents
Method for quickly preparing pear flower powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN103222424B CN103222424B CN201310180729.7A CN201310180729A CN103222424B CN 103222424 B CN103222424 B CN 103222424B CN 201310180729 A CN201310180729 A CN 201310180729A CN 103222424 B CN103222424 B CN 103222424B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly preparing pear flower powder. The method comprises the following steps of: (A) pear flower bud collection: collecting balloon-shaped pear flower buds in the large bud period of pear trees, wrapping the collected pear flower buds by gauzes in rainy weather, dehydrating the collected pear flower buds in a drying machine or a washing machine, and removing rainwater on the flower buds; (B) collecting anthers; and (C) high-temperature baking: baking for 28 to 32 minutes at the temperature of 58 to 60 DEG C. According to the method provided by the invention, the pear flower powder can be prepared within 30 minutes. According to a conventional method, the pear flower powder needs to be prepared within 48 hours. With the method, the management cost of labor is saved, and the preparation efficiency of flower powder is improved. The problem of flowering asynchronism between pear varieties namely between a pollination variety and a cultivated variety caused by poor external natural environment in the pear artificial pollination process is solved. The loss of a pear farmer is reduced, and the economic benefit of the pear farmer is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Fruit Tree Pollination technical field, more specifically relate to a kind of method of quick Fabrication pear pollen.
Background technology
Pear is in gametophytic incompatibility fruit tree, most kind self-pollinations can not be solid, by distant hybridization, breed, adopt the suitable pollinizers of configuration and cultivar mutually to pollinate to improve solid on producing, pear pollen is mainly mediated and is taught by gentle breeze and honeybee worm.In pears production process, the normal artificial supplementary pollination technology that adopts, to improve fruit-setting rate, is guaranteed yield and quality, pollinated variety pollen quantity number and the quality of pollen quality directly affect percentage of fertile fruit, the yield and quality of main breed.Main breed and pollinated variety need pollination mutually, just can guarantee output and economic benefit.
Pear tree runs into the following artificial pollination that also needs aspect several in cultivation:
1. cultivar is single;
2. main breed and pollinated variety flowering asynchronism, flowering asynchronism has two kinds of reasons to cause:
1. be that main breed and pollinated variety preparation are bad, the florescence relatively far apart;
2. be that main breed and pollinated variety are met anomalous weather, pollinated variety and main breed florescence are inconsistent, and flowering time is quite of short duration, cause the pears kind full-bloom stage that bloom early stage to miss; For example in the theatre of Chai Hu town, Zhongxiang City in 2008 county one peasant household, plant magnificent pears No. 2 and two kinds of emerald green hat pears, the full-bloom stage that No. 2, normal time China's pears meets with the initial bloom stage of emerald green hat, can make the artificial pollination that pollen meets two pears kinds by conventional method, but weather occurred abnormal in 2008, before No. 2 florescences, there is continuous low temperature in pears magnificent, high temperature between full-bloom stage, and rain, cause No. 2 full-bloom stages of magnificent pears to shorten, and now the initial bloom stage of emerald green hat pears has just started;
3. while meeting the adverse weathers such as strong wind, xeothermic dust storm, many days wet weather, low temperature during flowering, frost when the florescence, affect the activity of the insects such as honey, all can make poor pollination, reduce fruit-setting rate, or cause colored and unreal.
The method of making pollen in conventional artificial pollination mainly contains following two kinds: (1) manually gets powder: two hands are respectively taken a flower, relative phase mutual friction fickle in love, flower pesticide, filigree, the full wiping of petal are fallen on paper, remove petal and filigree, flower pesticide is spread out on paper thinly, put the indoor of 25 ℃ of left and right and dry, generally need the 28-48 hour flower pesticide pollen that sheds that could ftracture.(2) get powder machine and get powder: with reagent removal machine, deviate from flower pesticide, sift out the foreign material such as petal, bennet, then flower pesticide is spread out on smooth blank sheet of paper thinly, be placed in the greenhouse of 23～25 ℃ through 28～40 hours dry in the shade, pollen shed in a large number.Adopting above method to make pollen generally needs the time of 2-3 days just can complete.
Above method has solved the problem of pear tree artificial pollination under normal circumstances, and for special circumstances such as weather anomaly, pollinated variety mismatch, during as pollinated variety full-bloom stage, main cultivar is only initial bloom stage, or pollinated variety is only initial bloom stage during main breed full-bloom stage, add that making pollen generally needs the time of 2-3 days just can complete, will cause like this kind of first blooming to can not get not in time the artificial pollination underproduction because making pollen; And in pear tree cultivation, the pollinated variety of first blooming is also one of main breed (general pollinated variety and cultivar are 1:4, have up to 1:1), the output of pollinated variety is particularly important for the gross yield of pear tree cultivation.Now, natural calamity is day by day frequent, and the threat that climatic factor causes agricultural production is increasing.In recent years, China all exists different pears producing region to run into the phenomenon that climatic factor causes the underproduction every year, so range of application of the present invention is very extensive.
For this problem, pear tree expert has carried out correlative study, Wang Ling in 2006 both at home and abroad, Zhang Shaoling has studied reserve temperature and humidity to the blodynamic impact of abundance of water pear pollen, and result of study shows that reserve temperature is lower under drying condition, the vitality of pollen declines slower, and storage period is longer.Abundance of water pear pollen is at-73 ℃, can the long term preserve vitality at-196 ℃.General pear pollen germination rate more than 55% belongs to high-quality pollen, and the pollen germination rate of Cryopreservation after 540 days, all more than 60%, can meet the requirement of producing upper pollination.But preserve pollen by the method, cost is high and keeper's professional technique is had relatively high expectations, this technology is in the scientific research stage at present, and general peasant household and company are difficult to grasp and use.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, the applicant provides a kind of pear pollen of can making the same day to carry out artificial pollination the same day, can meet the requirement of carrying out artificial pollination between the full-bloom stage of pollinated variety, and easily goes, the method for quick Fabrication pear pollen easy and simple to handle.
Technical scheme provided by the invention:
A method for quick Fabrication pear pollen, comprises step:
A gathers pear flower bud:
In the large flower bud of the pear tree phase, gather the pear flower bud of balloon-like; Run into rainy weather, the pear flower bud of collection is wrapped up with gauze, in drier or washing machine, dewater, dry rainwater on petal;
B collects flower pesticide:
First pear flower bud is poured in the plastics mesh screen that aperture is 3mm, below mesh screen, spread paper or cloth, both hands are rubbed petal gently, flower pesticide and petal and filigree are peeled off, shake again mesh screen, flower pesticide is sieved on the paper or cloth being layered on below mesh screen, regather flower pesticide on paper or cloth and pour in the plastics mesh screen of aperture 2 mm and sieve for the second time, reject the impurity such as petal and filigree, obtain cleaner flower pesticide;
C high-temperature baking:
The cardboard that is 0.3mm by thickness is divided on stove iron plate, adjusts the flame of stove, makes the temperature of cardboard remain on 58～60 ℃, be spread out on cardboard the flower pesticide of collection is very thin, dry on one side, on one side hardboard is moved gently on iron plate, smoke 28～
32 minutes, yellow pollen was just smoked out.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention makes pear pollen, and the germination rate of pear pollen is more than 65%, and in production, general pear pollen germination rate more than 55% belongs to high-quality pollen, and the germination rate of pollen more than 20% just can meet the needs of high yield; The pollen that this method is made can meet pears scientific research completely, produce in the needs of Pollen Activity during artificial pollination.
Production Time of the present invention is short, is only 28～32 minutes, and conventional method needs 48 hours, adopts this method to save personal management cost.Therefore adopt this method to shorten greatly the Production Time of pollen, improved pollen make efficiency.
The invention solves between the pears kind causing because of extraneous natural environment poor prognostic cause in pears artificial pollination process the problem of flowering asynchronism between pollinated variety and cultivar, reduce pears agriculture loss, increase the economic benefit of pears agriculture.
In general between pollinated variety and cultivar, flowering asynchronism interval time is about a week, during pollinated variety full-bloom stage, main breed is only initial bloom stage, or pollinated variety is only initial bloom stage during main breed full-bloom stage, can only meet in the usual way the kind flower of first blooming make pollen to after the kind of blooming carry out artificial pollination, and the pollen of the kind of blooming after can not guaranteeing is to the kind pollination of first blooming.The present invention can after bloom and same day of initial bloom stage of kind just can produce pollen, for the kind of first blooming is pollinated in time.
Now, natural calamity is day by day frequent, and the threat that climatic factor causes agricultural production is increasing.In recent years, China all exists different pears producing region to run into the phenomenon that climatic factor causes the underproduction every year, so range of application of the present invention is very extensive.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is hand rubbing petal schematic diagram
The flower pesticide figure of Fig. 2 for collecting after sieving for the first time
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that sieves for the second time
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of flower pesticide after sieving for the second time
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that flower pesticide toasts on stove
Fig. 6 is the pollen figure after smoking.
Embodiment
The method of quick Fabrication pear pollen, the steps include:
(1) gather pear flower bud:
In emerald green hat pear flower large flower bud phase March 16, gather the pear flower bud of balloon-like;
Dehydration:
Owing to raining on March 15 and March 16 then always, the pear flower bud band rain of collection, wraps up the pear flower bud of collection with gauze, in drier or washing machine, dewater, and dries rainwater on petal.
(2) collect flower pesticide:
First the pear flower bud after drying is poured in the plastics mesh screen that aperture is 3mm, below mesh screen, spread paper or cloth, both hands are rubbed petal gently, flower pesticide and petal and filigree are peeled off, shake again mesh screen, flower pesticide is sieved on the paper or cloth being layered on below mesh screen, regather flower pesticide on paper or cloth and pour in the plastics mesh screen of aperture 2 mm and sieve for the second time, reject the impurity such as petal and filigree, obtain cleaner flower pesticide.
(3) high-temperature baking:
The cardboard that is 0.3mm by thickness is divided on stove iron plate, adjust the flame of stove, make the temperature of cardboard remain on 58～60 ℃ of left and right, be spread out on cardboard the flower pesticide of collection is very thin, dry on one side, on one side hardboard is moved gently on iron plate, smoke approximately 28～32 minutes, yellow pollen has just been smoked out.
Experimental example: 2010, adopt this method and conventional method to make emerald green pear pollen No. 2 pears variety trial fruit-setting rates of the magnificent pears comparison of pollinating of being preced with for 2011 and 2012 continuous 3 years.
Table 1: adopt this method and conventional method to test fruit-setting rate comparison No. 2 to making the emerald green hat pear pollen magnificent pears of pollinating
As can be seen from Table 1, the kingfisher of making by this method hat pear pollen can effectively promote bearing fruit of No. 2 pears kinds of magnificent pears, within continuous 3 years, keeps the fruit-setting rate of No. 2, magnificent pears more than 98%; Being significantly higher than kingfisher hat pear pollen that conventional method the makes fruit-setting rate of No. 2 pears kinds of magnificent pears of pollinating, and adopting this method Production Time short, be only 30 minutes, and conventional method needs 48 hours, adopts this method to save personal management cost.
Therefore adopt this method to shorten greatly the Production Time of pollen, improve pollen make efficiency, solved the problem of flowering asynchronism between the pears kind causing because of extraneous natural environment poor prognostic cause in pears artificial pollination process, increased output 15%, reduce pears agriculture loss, increase the economic benefit of pears agriculture.
Claims (1)
1. a method for quick Fabrication pear pollen, comprises step:
A gathers pear flower bud:
In the large flower bud of the pear tree phase, gather the pear flower bud of balloon-like; Run into rainy weather, the pear flower bud of collection is wrapped up with gauze, in drier or washing machine, dewater, dry rainwater on petal;
B collects flower pesticide:
First pear flower bud is poured in the plastics mesh screen that aperture is 3mm, below mesh screen, spread paper or cloth, both hands are rubbed petal gently, flower pesticide and petal and filigree are peeled off, shake again mesh screen, flower pesticide is sieved on the paper or cloth being layered on below mesh screen, regather flower pesticide on paper or cloth and pour in the plastics mesh screen of aperture 2 mm and sieve for the second time, reject petal and filigree impurity, obtain cleaner flower pesticide;
C high-temperature baking:
The cardboard that is 0.3mm by thickness is divided on stove iron plate, adjusts the flame of stove, makes the temperature of cardboard remain on 58～60 ℃, be spread out on cardboard the flower pesticide of collection is very thin, dry on one side, on one side cardboard is moved gently on iron plate, smoke 28～32 minutes, yellow pollen has just been smoked out.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310180729.7A CN103222424B (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | Method for quickly preparing pear flower powder |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310180729.7A CN103222424B (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2013-05-16 | Method for quickly preparing pear flower powder |
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| CN103222424A CN103222424A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| CN103222424B true CN103222424B (en) | 2014-05-07 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105614799A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-06-01 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Preparation method for plum pollen |
| CN105993400A (en) * | 2016-05-21 | 2016-10-12 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for rapidly preparing Amygdalus communis pollen |
| CN106605499A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-05-03 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | A physical absorption purification method for pear pollen |
| CN110063254A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-30 | 徐海连 | A kind of pear tree pollen producing device |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4177494B2 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2008-11-05 | 富士シリシア化学株式会社 | Pollen extender, artificial pollination method, and pollen preservation method |
| JP2008072902A (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-04-03 | Akita Prefecture | Liquid pollination method and preparation using the same |
| JP4998883B2 (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2012-08-15 | 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | How to store pollen |
| CN101982046B (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-05-23 | 南京农业大学 | Method for storing pear pollen germplasm for long term |
| CN102499055A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-06-20 | 徐天英 | Artificially assisted pollination method for crisp pears |
| CN102487810A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-06-13 | 南京农业大学 | Method for promoting complete affinity of intervarietal pear pollination |
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2013
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Pollen and Pollination experiments.III.The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage;T.VISSER et.al.,;《Euphytica》;19811231;第30卷;全文 * |
| T.VISSER et.al.,.Pollen and Pollination experiments.III.The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage.《Euphytica》.1981,第30卷全文. |
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