CN103221894A - 车辆用电源电路 - Google Patents

车辆用电源电路 Download PDF

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CN103221894A
CN103221894A CN201180051506XA CN201180051506A CN103221894A CN 103221894 A CN103221894 A CN 103221894A CN 201180051506X A CN201180051506X A CN 201180051506XA CN 201180051506 A CN201180051506 A CN 201180051506A CN 103221894 A CN103221894 A CN 103221894A
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大屋达幸
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
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    • G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc
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    • G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
    • G05F3/18—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using Zener diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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Abstract

本发明提供一种车辆用电源电路，其不使电路构成复杂化，即使在发生浪涌时(异常电压时)也可持续供给稳定电压。车辆用电源电路包括：稳压电路(3)，该稳压电路(3)与车辆搭载的电池连接，输出规定的电压；浪涌削除电路(2)，该浪涌削除电路(2)设置有用于保护稳压电路(3)的稳压二极管(2a)和晶体管(2c)；以及开关电路(1)，该开关电路(1)位于稳压电路(3)与浪涌削除电路(2)之间，对向稳压电路(3)的输出进行接通/断开的切换，其中，该车辆用电源电路具有反馈线，该反馈线将开关电路(1)的连接线(输出线)(c)与稳压二极管(2a)连接。

Description

车辆用电源电路
技术领域
本发明涉及一种搭载于车辆、用于车辆电子仪器的电源电路。 
背景技术
车辆中，作为其电子仪器的电源而搭载有电池，同时也具有不局限于该电池的状态而向电子仪器供给规定的稳定电压的电源电路。但是，在向电子控制装置供电的电池的电源线大多具有电磁感应噪音与浪涌重叠的情况，该电磁感应的噪音由点火装置或电子控制装置控制的执行器、继电器、螺线管产生，因此去除或减轻在电池电源线处发生的上述噪音、浪涌，防止电子控制装置的误动作或破损，提高其可靠性较重要。 
因此，对于电池电源，依次连接浪涌防止电路、开关电路、稳压电路(平滑电路)的构成，例如专利文献1所公开的内容。这些电源电路具有下述构成，当发生浪涌时浪涌防止电路发挥作用，开关电路调节为断开，稳压电路不发挥作用。 
现有技术文献 
专利文献 
专利文献1：日本特开2002-175124号公报 
发明内容
发明要解决的课题 
作为由电源电路供给稳定电压的供给对象的上述电子仪器， 具有车辆使用者所希望的模式或可选择各种设定的功能。例如，在车辆用显示装置中具有切换高能模式、环保模式等的运转状态的功能。此外，选择的模式作为设定信息而存储于存储介质中。 
然而，在现有的电路中，由于在浪涌产生时(异常电压时)电源供给为断开状态，不能向存储介质存储该设定信息，具有一旦浪涌产生便返回至初始设定，车辆使用者必须再次进行设定，从而变得繁杂的问题。 
另外，作为解决该问题的方法，可考虑下述方法，即通过为存储机构另外设置专用的电源电路，从而即使在浪涌发生时也可继续驱动存储介质，但是具有电子器件增加、配线构造等电路构成也变得复杂的问题。 
因此本发明关注上述的课题，目的为：提供一种车辆用电源电路，该车辆用电源电路不使电路构成复杂化，即使发生浪涌也可持续供给稳定电压。 
用于解决课题的技术方案 
本发明的车辆用电源电路包括：稳压电路，该稳压电路与车辆所搭载的电池连接，输出规定的电压；浪涌削除电路，该浪涌削除电路设置有用于保护上述稳压电路的稳压二极管和晶体管；以及开关电路，该开关电路位于上述稳压电路与上述浪涌削除电路之间，对向上述稳压电路的输出进行接通/断开的切换，其特征在于，该车辆用电源电路还具有反馈线，该反馈线将上述开关电路的输出线与上述稳压二极管连接。 
另外，上述稳压电路的特征在于：向负载电路进行电源供给，该负载电路包含存储设定信息的存储介质。 
另外，上述开关电路的特征在于：基于对车辆的启动开关的操作进行上述接通/断开的切换。 
发明的效果 
本发明的车辆用电源电路涉及搭载于车辆的电子仪器的电源电路，该电源电路不使电路构成复杂化，即使发生浪涌也可持续供给稳定电压。 
附图说明
图1为表示本发明实施方式的电路构成图； 
图2为表示上述实施方式的发生浪涌时的输出波形例子的图； 
图3为表示上述实施方式的另一例子的图。 
具体实施方式
以下，依据附图，对本发明适用的实施方式进行说明。 
图1为表示含有车辆用仪表的电源电路的电路构成图，图1具有：由开关电路1、浪涌削除电路2、稳压电路3构成的电源电路；控制机构4；存储机构(存储介质)5。 
开关电路1与来自于电池的电源线a连接，通过车辆的启动开关(点火开关)来切换接通/断开，以决定是否将由电池供给的电源供电至稳压电路3。 
开关电路1设置有：NPN型晶体管1a；电阻器1b，该电阻器1b限制输入线b处的启动开关操作为接通时NPN型晶体管1a的基极电流；电阻器1c，该电阻器1c限制NPN型晶体管1a的集电极电流；将电阻器1c与栅极连接的P型FET(场效应晶体管)1d；电阻器1e，该电阻器1e给予P型FET1d的栅极与源极间的接通电位。启动开关为接通时，P型FET1d的源极与漏极间通电的电池、与稳压电路3电连接。 
浪涌削除电路2含有去除浪涌的稳压二极管2a，上述浪涌重 叠于和电池连接的电源线。另外，设置有：将反馈的电压连接至阴极的稳压二极管2a，上述反馈的电压从与P型FET1d的漏极连接的连接线(输出线)c分出支路；电阻器2b，该电阻器2b限制向稳压二极管2a流入的电流；从该电阻器2b供给了基极电流的NPN型晶体管2c；电阻器2d，该电阻器2d限制NPN型晶体管2c的集电极电流；PNP型晶体管2e，该PNP型晶体管2e将NPN型晶体管2c的集电极电流输入基极，从而使电池与P型FET1d的栅极电连接。 
另外，浪涌削除电路2一旦向P型FET1d进行关操作，漏极电位降低，由于构成了反馈线f以促使P型FET1d再次进行接通操作，所以可在削除浪涌的同时向稳压电路3持续供给规定范围的电压，如图2所示，可形成各线a、b、c的波形。因此，通过浪涌削除电路2，在启动开关接通的状态，即使在电源线a和输入线b有浪涌电压的场合，也可削除稳压二极管2a所设定的规定电压以上的浪涌，以不超过稳压电路3的容许电压的上限的方式向稳压电路3输出。 
稳压电路3可适用于DC/DC转换器、或者调节器，通过开关电路1将车载电池的电源输入，形成并输出适合负载侧的构成的规定电压。 
控制机构4可适用于微机，该控制机构4基于稳压电路3供给的驱动电压运转，基于输入的车辆信息等而形成并输出用于控制显示机构6的控制信号。在该场合，控制机构4设置有：图中未示出的ROM和RAM等的存储部，用于规定程序或各种数据的储存、计算时的存储区域等；CPU，该CPU用于按照上述规定的程序进行计算处理；输入、输出接口等，该控制机构4将车辆使用者的操作信号与由车辆的各种传感器得到的车辆信息通过专用 缆线输入，按照这些信号对显示机构6进行控制。 
例如，控制机构4通过将启动开关设为接通后供给驱动电压而启动，按照使显示机构6显示输出车辆速度、警报、仪表等车辆信息的方式输出控制信号。 
存储机构5是一种用于存储与车辆相关的各种信息和使用者选择的车辆的工作模式等设定信息等的存储介质，在该场合，适用与控制机构4连接的外部存储器，该外部存储器为EEPROM或闪存等。另外，存储机构5可兼用做控制机构4内设置的记忆部。 
显示机构6基于来自控制机构4的控制信号将车辆信息等进行显示。显示机构6可适用：通过电动机等驱动源而旋转的指针；通过对比判断作为该指针的指示对象的指标部以显示测量值的指针式测量仪器；液晶面板或有机EL面板等的显示面板。 
另外，为了实现与图1所示的实施方式相同的机能，也可适用图3所示的电路构成，通过开关电路10和浪涌削除电路20可在削除浪涌的同时向稳压电路3持续供给电压。 
另外，开关电路10在启动开关为接通时，P型FET10a的源极与漏极间为接通，开关电路10与电池和稳压电路3电连接。另外，浪涌削除电路20是在电池的输入中发生浪涌、P型FET10a的漏极电位上升时，通过规定电压按照将P型FET10a断开的方式控制，该规定电压通过稳压二极管20a的稳压电压而设定。因此，在具有伴有浪涌的输入时，可进行与图2所示的波形同样的输出。 
这样的车辆用电源电路包括：稳压电路3，该稳压电路3与车辆所搭载的电池连接，输出规定的电压；浪涌削除电路2，该浪涌削除电路2设置有：保护上述稳压电路3的稳压二极管2a与晶体管2c；开关电路1，该开关电路1位于上述稳压电路3与上述浪涌削除电路2之间，对向上述稳压电路3的输出进行接通/断开的 切换，其中，还具有反馈线f，该反馈线f将开关电路1的连接线(输出线)c与稳压二极管2a连接。 
因此，构成了一种车辆用电源电路，该车辆用电源电路不使电路构成复杂化，即使在发生浪涌时(异常电压时)也可持续供给稳定电压。 
另外，稳压电路3向包含存储机构(存储介质)5的负载电路进行电源供给，该存储机构(存储介质)5存储有设定信息，从而在发生浪涌的状况下也可存储保持信息。 
另外，开关电路1通过车辆的启动开关的操作进行上述接通/断开的切换，可兼用于浪涌对策、与负载侧的接通/断开操作的结构。 
另外，本发明以上述实施方式的构成举例进行了说明，但是本发明并不限于此，显然其他的构成也可在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内进行各种改良与设计的变更。例如，已示出通过控制机构将稳压电路与存储机构连接，但是存储机构(例如，SRAM)不通过控制机构，直接通过来自稳压电路的驱动电压进行存储保持的构成时，也可进行位置的更换，可获得与上述实施方式同样的效果。 
另外，也可按照下述方式构成，将上述实施方式中的NPN型晶体管替换为N型FET或将PNP型晶体管替换为P型FET。另外，稳压二极管和电阻器可以互相交换位置，可获得与上述实施方式同样的效果。 
产业上的利用可能性 
本发明涉及一种车载电子仪器的电源装置，可适用于车辆用计量用的电源装置，例如搭载于机动车、摩托车、或具有农业机 械和建设机械的移动物体。 
符号说明 
1    开关电路 
1d   P型FET 
2    浪涌削除电路 
2a   稳压二极管 
3    稳压电路 
5    存储机构(存储介质) 
a    电源线 
b    输入线 
c    连接线(输出线) 
f    反馈线 

Claims (3)

1.一种车辆用电源电路，包括：
稳压电路，该稳压电路与车辆所搭载的电池连接，输出规定的电压；
浪涌削除电路，该浪涌削除电路设置有：用于保护上述稳压电路的稳压二极管与晶体管；以及
开关电路，该开关电路位于上述稳压电路与上述浪涌削除电路之间，对向上述稳压电路的输出进行接通/断开的切换，
其特征在于，该车辆用电源电路还具有反馈线，该反馈线将上述开关电路的输出线与上述稳压二极管连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆用电源电路，其特征在于，上述稳压电路向负载电路进行电源供给，该负载电路包含存储设定信息的存储介质。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆用电源电路，其特征在于，上述开关电路基于对车辆的启动开关的操作，进行上述接通/断开的切换。
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