CN103210865B - Wild training method for improving swimming capacity of released Yangtze sturgeons - Google Patents
Wild training method for improving swimming capacity of released Yangtze sturgeons Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210865B CN103210865B CN201310151668.1A CN201310151668A CN103210865B CN 103210865 B CN103210865 B CN 103210865B CN 201310151668 A CN201310151668 A CN 201310151668A CN 103210865 B CN103210865 B CN 103210865B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a wild training method and a wild training device for improving swimming capacity of released Yangtze sturgeons. The method includes: 1, preparation is carried out before an experiment; 2, adjustment and testing of water flows are carried out; 3, experiment sturgeons are introduced; 4, water flow training of the Yangtze sturgeons is carried out; and 5, finish time of the water flow training is carried out. According to the device, a river diversion screen and a submerged pump are installed in the middle of a cultivation bucket. A frequency converting controller is connected with the submerged pump through a wire, a water outlet of the submerged pump is connected with conduits, flow jetting holes are formed in the conduits, a water outlet pipe is installed in the middle of the cultivation bucket and has water level adjustment, and a water inlet pipe is connected on the upper portion of the cultivation bucket. By adoption of the training method, after the Yangtze sturgeons at different stages are trained, swimming capacities are all obviously improved. After training, water flow sensory capacities of the Yangtze sturgeons are improved, limiting swimming speed is high, and continuous swimming time in high-speed water flows is long.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fisheries resources conservation field, specially refer to a kind of raising release acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM Wild training method and device.
Background technology
Carrying out Technique in Fishes enhancement releasing is the important channel of fisheries resources conservation and Species of Rare Fish from Qingdao protection.In worldwide, implement the Technique in Fishes enhancement releasing history of existing over one hundred year, China implements at present release scale and intensity of artificial fecundation and also strengthens year by year.Yet at present, enhancement effect is very undesirable.Existing research shows, artificial fecundation release fish survive in the wild adaptive capacity poor be the low main cause of survival rate after causing releasing, become the critical limitation of the enhancement effect factor that affects.The Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of fish is its important existence ability in completing migration, move, ingest, breed and escape the process history of life such as harmful animal.Research shows, cultured fishes are usually grown up in environment relatively static, that habitat is single, lack perception current, overcome current ability training, thereby there is obvious difference with Natural Population as limit swimming rate, outburst swimming rate etc. in the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM that causes cultured fishes.When cultured fishes discharge in natural environment, often at the water environment of numerous and complicated, get lost; Lack the ability of resisting torrent simultaneously, drift with the tide; Active ingests, escapes in harmful animal process often not enough failed because of Burden-Swimming Ability of KM, causes hunger and physical consumption, and prey probability rises, so lethality increases.Therefore, cultured fishes being carried out to effective Wild training is the important channel of improving enhancement releasing fish field survivorship ability.Wild training technology is just becoming the focus of domestic and international research at present, not yet has the technical standard of moulding.An important aspect of Wild training is exactly to carry out the training technique that improves fish swimming capacity, due to the difference of fish life habit, also not identical for training method and the effect of different fish.Acipenser dabryanus is China first-grade state protection Precious, Rare, Endangered fish, is mainly distributed in Middle And Upper Reaches of The Yangtze River master stream and tributary.At present, propagates acipenser dabryanus artificially and realized whole artificial propagation, but scale is still very limited, at Middle And Upper Reaches of The Yangtze River, implement artificial fecundation every year and release, the amount of releasing be hundreds of tail to several thousand tails not etc.Therefore, significant for protection and the resource maintenance of acipenser dabryanus if effectively improve the field survival rate of the acipenser dabryanus of releasing.At present, the enhancement releasing of acipenser dabryanus not yet has any Wild training technology to implement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of raising release Wild training method and the device of acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM.Its object one is: by improving the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of acipenser dabryanus, thereby improve the open country survival ability of the acipenser dabryanus of releasing; It two is: a kind of device that is suitable for acipenser dabryanus Wild training is provided.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The release field exercise method of acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of raising, is characterized in that: described method follows these steps to carry out:
1, the preparation before experiment: the Wild training device of putting up acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM, water conservancy diversion screen cloth is fixed in breeding barrel, interior zone at water conservancy diversion screen cloth installs immersible pump, open water inlet pipe, to in breeding barrel, fill with water, by the outlet pipe regulating with water level, regulate the water level in breeding barrel;
2, the adjusting of current and test: the power supply of engaging means, start immersible pump, current are sprayed from supravasal jet orifice, by frequency-variable controller, carry out the incremental of different frequency, record each test frequency value, and system current reach the mean flow velocity value of stable state under this frequency, until obtain after the Peak Flow Rate value that needs to build, stop test, in triplicate, the data that obtain are basic reference datas of later stage Wild training in above-mentioned test;
3, the introducing of experiment fish: experiment fish is put into the water channel that bucket wall and the diversion screen net of breeding barrel form, adapt to 1-2 hour, regulate the flow of water inlet pipe, make the condition of water quality such as the water temperature of water body in breeding barrel and dissolved oxygen amount meet the demand that acipenser dabryanus grows;
4, the current training of acipenser dabryanus: to the different flow rate of water flow training of the acipenser dabryanus of different size, just incubating seedling training current is 0.01-0.09m/s, duration is 8-12 days, before feeding half an hour and ingest during deconditioning, half monthly age at monthly age to two prelarva training current are 0.1-0.3 m/s, duration is 20-30 days, before feeding half an hour and ingest during deconditioning, 3 monthly ages at monthly age to 4 juvenile fish training current are 0.3-0.6m/s, duration is 15-20 days, before feeding half an hour and ingest during deconditioning, juvenile fish training current more than 4 monthly ages are 0.6-1.0 m/s, duration is 20-30 days, train every day 2 times, each 20-30 minute, current training period generally increased flow velocity once every five days, each flow velocity amplification is 0.1-0.2 m/s,
5, the current training end time: generally finish training before releasing in 1 week, before releasing, the deconditioning time is 7-15 days, and the acipenser dabryanus after training finishes can cultivate in hydrostatic or miniflow water.
The release Wild training device of acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of a kind of raising, comprise: breeding barrel, water conservancy diversion screen cloth, immersible pump, frequency-variable controller, conduit, jet orifice, water inlet pipe and the outlet pipe regulating with water level, this device is equipped with water conservancy diversion screen cloth in the centre of breeding barrel, water conservancy diversion screen cloth interior zone is equipped with immersible pump, frequency-variable controller is connected with immersible pump with wire, the delivery port of immersible pump is connected with conduit, on conduit, have jet orifice, the outlet pipe regulating with water level is equipped with in the centre of breeding barrel, and the top of breeding barrel is connected to water inlet pipe.
Good effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention acipenser dabryanus that proposed to be first suitable for to release is carried out the method and apparatus of current training, and its device is also suitable for the current training of other fish of releasing;
2, the invention provides the training current control mode of acipenser dabryanus different phase, and ensured that survival rate and the hydrostatic contrast ratio of acipenser dabryanus in this device reaches more than 95%;
3, adopt training method of the present invention, the acipenser dabryanus of different phase is after training finishes, and Burden-Swimming Ability of KM all improves significantly, and the acipenser dabryanus after training promotes current perception, there is higher limit swimming rate, under high current, there is long lasting swimming time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The Wild training apparatus structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1, acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, further illustrate the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment mono-
The acipenser dabryanus of take just incubates juvenile fish as experiment fish
1, the preparation before experiment: the Wild training device of putting up acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM according to accompanying drawing 1, water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 is fixed in breeding barrel 1, interior zone at water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 installs immersible pump 3, frequency-variable controller 4 use wires are connected with immersible pump 3, the delivery port of immersible pump 3 is connected with conduit 5, open water inlet pipe 7, will in breeding barrel 1, fill with water, by the outlet pipe 8 regulating with water level, regulate the water level in breeding barrel 1;
2, the adjusting of current and test: the power supply of engaging means, start immersible pump 3, make jet orifice 6 ejections of current from conduit 5, by frequency-variable controller 4, carry out the incremental of different frequency, record each test frequency value, and system current reach the mean flow velocity value of stable state under this frequency, generally after 10 minutes after frequency adjustment completes, start again to measure flow speed value, test is until obtain after the Peak Flow Rate value that needs to build, stop test, in triplicate, the data that obtain are basic reference datas of later stage Wild training in above-mentioned test;
The basic reference data of table 1
| Frequency values | Flow speed value m/s | Frequency values | Flow speed value m/s |
| 3.0 | 0.05 | 21.0 | 0.4 |
| 5.0 | 0.09 | 23.0 | 0.5 |
| 7.0 | 0.1 | 25.0 | 0.6 |
| 9.0 | 0.15 | 28．0 | 0.7 |
| 11.0 | 0.20 | 30.0 | 0.8 |
| 13.0 | 0.25 | 33.0 | 0.9 |
| 15.0 | 0.30 | 35.0 | 1.0 |
| 17．0 | 0.35 |
3, the introducing of experiment fish: put into the bucket wall of breeding barrel 1 and the water channel that water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 forms by just incubating juvenile fish, adapt to 1 hour, regulate the flow of water inlet pipe 7, make the condition of water quality such as the water temperature of breeding barrel 1 interior water body and dissolved oxygen amount meet the demand that acipenser dabryanus grows;
4, just incubate the current training of juvenile fish: in the situation that guaranteeing just to incubate juvenile fish survival rate > 95%, just incubating seedling training current is 0.01-0.09m/s, duration is 8-12 days, and guarantee that just incubating juvenile fish freely moves about, in different discharge impacts, do not form scratch with water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2;
5, the current training end time: generally finish training before releasing in 1 week, before releasing, the deconditioning time is 7-15 days, and the acipenser dabryanus of finishing training can cultivate in hydrostatic or miniflow water.
Embodiment bis-
Take half the monthly age at monthly age to 2 acipenser dabryanus prelarva be experiment fish
1, the preparation before experiment: the Wild training device of putting up acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM according to accompanying drawing 1, water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 is fixed in breeding barrel 1, interior zone at water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 is equipped with immersible pump 3, frequency-variable controller 4 use wires are connected with immersible pump 3, the delivery port of immersible pump 3 is connected with conduit 5, open water inlet pipe 7, will in breeding barrel 1, fill with water, the outlet pipe 8 regulating by water level regulates the water level in breeding barrel 1;
2, the adjusting of current and test: the power supply of engaging means, start immersible pump 3, make jet orifice 6 ejections of current from conduit 5, by frequency-variable controller 4, carry out the incremental of different frequency, record each test frequency value, and system current reach the mean flow rate size of stable state under this frequency, generally after 10 minutes after frequency adjustment completes, starting to measure flow speed value, test is until after the Peak Flow Rate value that obtains needing to build, stop test, in triplicate, the data that obtain are basic reference datas of later stage Wild training in above-mentioned test;
The basic reference data of table 2
| Frequency values | Flow speed value m/s | Frequency values | Flow speed value m/s |
| 3.0 | 0.05 | 21.0 | 0.4 |
| 5.0 | 0.09 | 23.0 | 0.5 |
| 7.0 | 0.1 | 25.0 | 0.6 |
| 9.0 | 0.15 | 28．0 | 0.7 |
| 11.0 | 0.20 | 30.0 | 0.8 |
| 13.0 | 0.25 | 33.0 | 0.9 |
| 15.0 | 0.30 | 35.0 | 1.0 |
| 17．0 | 0.35 |
3, the introducing of experiment fish: put into the bucket wall of breeding barrel 1 and the water channel that water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 forms by just incubating juvenile fish, adapt to 1.5 hours, regulate the flow of water inlet pipe 7, make the condition of water quality such as the water temperature of breeding barrel 1 interior water body and dissolved oxygen amount meet the demand that acipenser dabryanus grows;
4, the current of acipenser dabryanus prelarva training: in the situation that guaranteeing acipenser dabryanus larvae survival rate > 95%, acipenser dabryanus prelarva training current are 0.1-0.3m/s, except between feeding period, stop 0.5-1 hour, all the other time dimension water holding road flow rate of water flow, every 5 days, increase a flow velocity, each flow velocity amplification is 0.1-0.2 m/s, and the continuous training time is 20-30 days;
5, the current training end time: generally finish training before releasing in 1 week, before releasing, the deconditioning time is 7-15 days, and the acipenser dabryanus of finishing training can cultivate in hydrostatic or miniflow water.
Embodiment tri-
Take 3 the monthly age at monthly age to 4 acipenser dabryanus juvenile fish be experiment fish.
1, the preparation before experiment: the Wild training device of putting up acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM according to accompanying drawing 1, water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 is fixed in breeding barrel 1, interior zone at water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 is equipped with immersible pump 3, frequency-variable controller 4 use wires are connected with immersible pump 3, the delivery port of immersible pump 3 is connected with conduit 5, open water inlet pipe 7, will in breeding barrel 1, fill with water, the outlet pipe 8 regulating by water level regulates the water level in breeding barrel 1;
2, the adjusting of current and test: the power supply of engaging means, start immersible pump 3, make jet orifice 6 ejections of current from conduit 5, by frequency-variable controller 4, carry out the incremental of different frequency, record each test frequency value, and system current reach the mean flow rate size of stable state under this frequency, generally after 10 minutes after frequency adjustment completes, starting to measure flow speed value, test is until after the Peak Flow Rate value that obtains needing to build, stop test, in triplicate, the data that obtain are basic reference datas of later stage Wild training in above-mentioned test;
The basic reference data of table 3
| Frequency values | Flow speed value m/s | Frequency values | Flow speed value m/s |
| 3.0 | 0.05 | 21.0 | 0.4 |
| 5.0 | 0.09 | 23.0 | 0.5 |
| 7.0 | 0.1 | 25.0 | 0.6 |
| 9.0 | 0.15 | 28．0 | 0.7 |
| 11.0 | 0.20 | 30.0 | 0.8 |
| 13.0 | 0.25 | 33.0 | 0.9 |
| 15.0 | 0.30 | 35.0 | 1.0 |
| 17．0 | 0.35 |
3, the introducing of experiment fish: put into the bucket wall of breeding barrel 1 and the water channel that water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 forms by just incubating juvenile fish, adapt to 1.5 hours, regulate the flow of water inlet pipe 7, make the condition of water quality such as the water temperature of breeding barrel 1 interior water body and dissolved oxygen amount meet the demand that acipenser dabryanus grows;
4, the current of acipenser dabryanus prelarva training: in the situation that guaranteeing acipenser dabryanus larvae survival rate > 95%, acipenser dabryanus prelarva training current are 0.3-0.6m/s, except between feeding period, stop 0.5-1 hour, all the other time dimension water holding road flow rate of water flow, every 5 days, increase a flow velocity, each flow velocity amplification is 0.1-0.2 m/s, and the continuous training time is 15-20 days;
5, the current training end time: generally finish training before releasing in 1 week, before releasing, the deconditioning time is 7-15 days, and the acipenser dabryanus of finishing training can cultivate in hydrostatic or miniflow water.
Embodiment tetra-
The acipenser dabryanus juvenile fish of take more than 4 monthly ages is experiment fish.
1, the preparation before experiment: the Wild training device of putting up acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM according to accompanying drawing 1, water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 is fixed in breeding barrel 1, interior zone at water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 is equipped with immersible pump 3, frequency-variable controller 4 use wires are connected with immersible pump 3, the delivery port of immersible pump 3 is connected with conduit 5, open water inlet pipe 7, will in breeding barrel 1, fill with water, the outlet pipe 8 regulating by water level regulates the water level in breeding barrel 1;
2, the adjusting of current and test: the power supply of engaging means, start immersible pump 3, make jet orifice 6 ejections of current from conduit 5, by frequency-variable controller 4, carry out the incremental of different frequency, record each test frequency value, and system current reach the mean flow rate size of stable state under this frequency, generally after 10 minutes after frequency adjustment completes, starting to measure flow speed value, test is until after the Peak Flow Rate value that obtains needing to build, stop test, in triplicate, the data that obtain are basic reference datas of later stage Wild training in above-mentioned test;
The basic reference data of table 4
| Frequency values | Flow speed value m/s | Frequency values | Flow speed value m/s |
| 3.0 | 0.05 | 21.0 | 0.4 |
| 5.0 | 0.09 | 23.0 | 0.5 |
| 7.0 | 0.1 | 25.0 | 0.6 |
| 9.0 | 0.15 | 28．0 | 0.7 |
| 11.0 | 0.20 | 30.0 | 0.8 |
| 13.0 | 0.25 | 33.0 | 0.9 |
| 15.0 | 0.30 | 35.0 | 1.0 |
| 17．0 | 0.35 |
3, the introducing of experiment fish: put into the bucket wall of breeding barrel 1 and the water channel that water conservancy diversion screen cloth 2 forms by just incubating juvenile fish, adapt to 2 hours, regulate the flow of water inlet pipe 7, make the condition of water quality such as the water temperature of breeding barrel 1 interior water body and dissolved oxygen amount meet the demand that acipenser dabryanus grows;
4, the current of acipenser dabryanus prelarva training: in the situation that guaranteeing acipenser dabryanus larvae survival rate > 95%, acipenser dabryanus prelarva training current are 0.6-1.0m/s, carry out current training 20-30 minute in every morning and afternoon, every 5 days, increase a flow velocity, each flow velocity amplification is 0.1-0.2 m/s, and the continuous training time is 20-30 days;
5, the current training end time: generally finish training before releasing in 1 week, before releasing, the deconditioning time is 7-15 days, and the acipenser dabryanus of finishing training can cultivate in hydrostatic or miniflow water.
The above is only non-limiting embodiment of the present invention; for the person of ordinary skill of the art; not departing from the invention design and not making under the prerequisite of creative work, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the raising Wild training method for acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of releasing, is characterized in that: described method follows these steps to carry out:
(1), the preparation before experiment: the Wild training device of putting up acipenser dabryanus Burden-Swimming Ability of KM, water conservancy diversion screen cloth (2) is fixed in breeding barrel (1), at water conservancy diversion screen cloth (2) interior zone, install immersible pump (3), open water inlet pipe (7), to in breeding barrel (1), fill with water, by the outlet pipe (8) regulating with water level, regulate the water level in breeding barrel (1);
(2), the adjusting of current and test: the power supply of engaging means, start immersible pump (3), make layering jet orifice (6) ejection of current from conduit (5), by frequency-variable controller (4), carry out the incremental of different frequency, record each test frequency value, and system current reach the mean flow velocity value of stable state under this frequency, until obtain after the Peak Flow Rate value that needs to build, stop test, in triplicate, the data that obtain are basic reference datas of later stage Wild training in above-mentioned test;
(3), the introducing of experiment fish: experiment fish is put into the bucket wall of breeding barrel (1) and the water channel that water conservancy diversion screen cloth (2) forms, adapt to 1-2 hour, the flow that regulates water inlet pipe (7), makes water temperature and the dissolved oxygen amount of the interior water body of breeding barrel (1) meet the demand that acipenser dabryanus grows;
(4), the current training of acipenser dabryanus: the acipenser dabryanus of different size is adopted to different flow velocity training, just incubating seedling training current is 0.01-0.09m/s, duration is 8-12 days, before every day feeding half an hour and ingest during stop current and stimulate, half monthly age at monthly age to 2 prelarva training current are 0.1-0.3m/s, duration is 20-30 days, during ingesting every day, stopping current stimulating, 3 monthly ages at monthly age to 4 juvenile fish training current are 0.3-0.6m/s, duration is 15-20 days, during ingesting every day, stopping current stimulating, juvenile fish training current more than 4 monthly ages are 0.6-1.0m/s, duration is 20-30 days, train every day 2 times, each 20-30 minute, flow velocity training period increased flow velocity once every five days, each flow velocity amplification is 0.1-0.2m/s,
(5), the current training end time: finish training before releasing in 1 week, before releasing, the deconditioning time is 7-15 days, finishes the acipenser dabryanus cultivation of training in hydrostatic or miniflow water.
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| CN112753635B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-01-14 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Wild domestication system and domestication method for seawater fish proliferation and releasing seedlings |
| CN114586729B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-06-06 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Environment capacity enlarging device and method for breeding high ecological fitness black sea bream proliferation and releasing fries |
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