CN103210715A - Safe and economical method of reclaiming tillable field from tailing residue field containing toxic heavy metal - Google Patents
Safe and economical method of reclaiming tillable field from tailing residue field containing toxic heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210715A CN103210715A CN2013101511461A CN201310151146A CN103210715A CN 103210715 A CN103210715 A CN 103210715A CN 2013101511461 A CN2013101511461 A CN 2013101511461A CN 201310151146 A CN201310151146 A CN 201310151146A CN 103210715 A CN103210715 A CN 103210715A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safe and economical method of reclaiming a tillable field from a tailing residue field containing toxic heavy metal. The safe and economical method of reclaiming the tillable field from the tailing residue field containing toxic heavy metal includes the following steps. Firstly, the tailing residue field is flattened, rolled and compacted and water exhausting ditches are built up on the periphery of the field according to the terrain and gradients of the tailing residue field. Secondly, tightly rolled concrete is paved on the flattened and rolled tailing residue field and used as an isolation layer, and heavy metal elements in the tailing residue covered by the isolation layer are prevented from penetrating through the isolation layer so that heavy metal content in the soil is covered. Borrowed soil (clean soil) which is in compliance with national farming field soil environment quality standards is covered on the isolation layer. The thickness of the borrowed soil reaches 40cm after being the borrowed soil is tightly rolled. Thirdly, clean soil which reaches 30cm after being rolled tightly is covered on the borrowed soil. Fourthly, a rotary cultivator is used for cultivating in a rotary mode for 20cm to 25cm deep into the clean soil to form soil of a farming layer. Fifthly, the clean soil is covered and a process of soil-ripening and eutrophication is performed. Sixthly, dry land crops such as wheat and corns are planted. Due to application of the isolation layer, the thickness of the covered soil is reduced and cost in reclaiming the farming field is reduced, cultivation area is effectively increased, practicability and generalization performance of the farming field reclaiming technology are greatly improved and important social benefits, environmental benefits and economic benefits are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the also field, field of reclaiming, mine tailing storehouse, relate in particular to a kind of mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal also complete and economic method of neoasozin of reclaiming.
Background technology
Buried in underground metallic ore, after coming out through underground or strip mining transformation, generally ore must pass through the ore dressing activity, is used for ore smelting after wherein useful metal element or other nonmetalloid are done further enrichment method.But at the beneficiation enrichment useful element (as gold, mercury, plumbous, zinc, chromium, arsenic, copper, zinc, nickel etc.) after, the discarded object of ore dressing---mine tailing, owing to existing economic technology reason, the heavy metal element that certainly exists certain content in the mine tailing is (as mercury, plumbous, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, copper, zinc etc.), raise in big wind, under the effect of precipitation shower, wherein (contents of heavy metal elements is higher than soil to heavy metal element in the mine tailing usually, tens times～up to ten thousand times of underground water) can cause surface water, content of beary metal in underground water and the agricultural land soil obviously increases, water and soil environment content of beary metal surpasses national water and soil environment limit value standard when serious, directly or indirectly harm population health safety is domestic and international because the report in " cancer village " that heavy metal pollution forms is of common occurrence.
The metal mine mine tailings are important pollution source of mining area water and soil environment heavy metal, so after the mine tailing storehouse closes the storehouse, need be on the mine tailings surface earthing or other coverings, block that big wind is raised, the precipitation leaching is to the pollution of environment.Owing to contain a large amount of heavy metal elements in the metal tailings slag, therefore common way is an overlying soil, planting trees and grass.Owing to worry to reclaim and the problem that content of beary metal exceeds standard in the crops behind the field, therefore there be limited evidence currently of leads in China, the metal tailings storehouse is the abandoned land of mining area enormous amount, therefore reclaim and go back the field on the basis of isolated environment pollution source basic function in the mine tailings field, can also roll up the arable land, alleviate the quantity of cultivated land that constantly reduces because of the urbanization construction and have important social benefit, environmental benefit and economic benefit.But the primary condition in field also of reclaiming is exactly must ensure to reclaim and the content of beary metal that the farmland soil heavy metals content behind the field meets in the crops of national farmland soil heavy metals content limit value standard, plantation must be lower than state food health limit standard.Also just say that the heavy metal content in soil after reclaiming can not surpass state specified standards, could ensure that corresponding contents of heavy metal elements is lower than national crops food sanitation standard in the crops of planting.And the farmland soil heavy metals after guaranteeing to reclaim is lower than national standard method two kinds of methods is arranged: the one, and the pure land of mine tailings surface coverage is enough thick, someone thinks that the agricultural land soil thickness of plantation wheat must be greater than 1.2m, and still this method needs a large amount of fetch earth Tu Yuan and engineering cost; The 2nd, adopt a kind of method, between the mine tailings and the covering pure land, lay a separation layer, the method of avoiding the content of beary metal in the mine tailings to rise and cause the crops content of beary metal to exceed standard by capillarity is used soil thickness thereby reduce to cover, and reaches safe and economic reclamation method.Reclaiming and the field must ensure safety and economic two conditions in the mine tailings field of promptly containing heavy metal, just can have practical and popularizing value.And the soil of the mine tailings field that contains at present poisonous heavy metal both at home and abroad after reclaiming only is used for the planting trees and grass greening environment, also not safety and the economic also technological invention in field of reclaiming.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal to reclaim and goes back the complete economic method of neoasozin, be intended to solve the mine tailings field that contains poisonous the heavy metal also complete and economic technical method of neoasozin of reclaiming, promptly under the prerequisite that ensures the crops edible safety, thickness of earth covering is as far as possible little, i.e. the also field technical method of reclaiming of safety economy.
The embodiment of the invention is achieved in that a kind of mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal also complete economic method of neoasozin of reclaiming, and this method may further comprise the steps:
Contain poisonous heavy-tailed slag heap push away flat, roll sturdy, according to building the agricultural drain ditch around the physical features gradient;
Pushing away on the mine tailings field of flat compaction by rolling, the tabia of laying compaction by rolling is as separation layer.
Cover the pure land, compaction by rolling;
Cover the pure land again, compaction by rolling;
Adopt the rotovator arable land degree of depth 20～25cm;
Cover immature soil soil-ripening and nutrient laden;
The plantation dry land crop.
Further, be 10cm as the tabia thickness of separation layer, the tabia composition is loess, white lime and fine sand, its volume ratio 5: 3: 2 will be shone water 5-10% in process of deployment, evenly compaction by rolling.Separation layer plays the heavy metal element that stops high-load in the mine tailings and enters in the pure land that covers on it by the capillarity rising, plays the important function that reduces thickness of earth covering simultaneously.
Further, the pure land thickness that covers compaction by rolling is 40cm, covers the pure land thickness 30cm of compacting again, the promptly two-layer layered rolling that needs, the former continues the effect of performance blocking-up heavy metal, the latter is mainly plow layer part soil.Outward transport pure land gross thickness is 70cm.
Further, adopting the rotovator arable land degree of depth is 20-25cm.
Further, covering pure land soil-ripening and nutrient laden time answered 1 year.
Further, the method for covering immature soil soil-ripening and nutrient laden is: the plantation leguminous plant, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and fertilizer mix use, quicken soil-ripening.In plantation pulse family two seasons of class in year, ground is gone in rotary tillage when prematurity, and vegetable soil increases organic matter and nitrogen, increases crop yield.
Further, Zhong Zhi crops dry land wheat, corn.
The present invention has following advantage:
(1) separation layer technology: tabia material and structure behind the employing 10cm, as isolated material, the malicious heavy metal element that at utmost cuts off in the mine tailings rises in plow layer (0-20cm) soil of covering by capillarity, and causes the edible part of crops (wheat, corn kernel) heavy metal element super accurate and jeopardize population health safety.The use of separation layer has reduced covering pure land thickness 50cm, reduces the engineering cost 30% of reclaiming.
(2) safety and the economic also field technology of reclaiming: by the technology of reclaiming of system, especially the invention of the buffer action of tabia, reduce the engineering cost 30% of reclaiming, can guarantee that again the edible part content of beary metal of crops meets national food sanitation standard, by soil-ripening and nutrient laden, ensure farmland, the back crop yield of reclaiming.
The present invention changes present domestic metal tailings slag field and only is used to cover and cultivates (30-90cm) and plant careless function, but still can not be used for the short slab of herding with grass safety, the defective that the land reclamation effect is not high because of heavy metal may exceed standard.Solved the mine tailings field (storehouse) that the contains poisonous heavy metal also safety issue of field proportion of crop planting of reclaiming, invention by separation layer is used, having reduced effectively reclaims goes back the field with soil thickness and construction costs 30%, having improved reclaim the also practicality and the popularization of field technology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is to reclaim and the flow chart of the method for the full economy of neoasozin in the mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal that the embodiment of the invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, the present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with embodiment.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the mine tailings field that the contains poisonous heavy metal provided by the invention also complete economic method flow of neoasozin of reclaiming.For convenience of explanation, only show part related to the present invention.
Reclaim and go back the complete economic method of neoasozin in a kind of mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal of the present invention, this method may further comprise the steps:
That the mine tailings field pushes away is flat, roll sturdy, according to building the drain ditch around the physical features gradient;
Pushing away on the mine tailings field of flat compaction by rolling, the tabia of laying compaction by rolling is as separation layer;
Cover the pure land, compaction by rolling;
Cover the pure land again, compacting;
The employing rotovator is ploughed;
Cover pure land soil-ripening and nutrient laden;
The plantation crops.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the tabia separation layer thickness is 10cm.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the pure land thickness that covers compaction by rolling is 40cm, and the pure land that covers compacting again is 30cm, need roll for twice, and promptly covering pure land thickness is 70cm.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, adopting the rotovator arable land degree of depth is 20-25cm.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, covering pure land soil-ripening and nutrient laden time is 1 year.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the method that covers pure land soil-ripening and nutrient laden is: the plantation leguminous plant, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and fertilizer mix use.
As a prioritization scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the crops of plantation are wheat, corn.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments application method of the present invention is further described.
Reclaim and go back the complete economic method of neoasozin in a kind of mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal, this method may further comprise the steps:
S101: the mine tailings field push away flat, roll reality, according to building the drain ditch around the physical features gradient;
S102: pushing away on the mine tailings field of flat compaction by rolling, the tabia of laying compaction by rolling is as separation layer;
S103: the pure land that covers compaction by rolling;
S104: the pure land that covers compacting again;
S105: adopt rotovator to plough;
S106: cover pure land soil-ripening and nutrient laden;
S107: plantation crops.
Reclaiming in the mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal that the embodiment of the invention provides, also the complete economic method specific implementation method of neoasozin is as follows:
(1) the mine tailings field push away flat, roll sturdy, according to building the drain ditch around the physical features gradient.
(2) pushing away on the mine tailings field of flat compaction by rolling, laying the compaction by rolling thickness 10cm of separation layer tabia.The tabia composition is loess, white lime and fine sand, and its volume ratio 5: 3: 2 will be shone water 5-10% in process of deployment, evenly compaction by rolling.
(3) cover the pure land, compaction by rolling thickness is 40cm;
(4) covering the pure land, compaction by rolling thickness 30cm forms two-layer with (3);
(5) adopt rotovator arable land degree of depth 20-25cm;
(6) soil-ripening and the nutrient laden of the covering pure land adopt leguminous plant, and nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and fertilizer mix use 1 year.In plantation pulse family two seasons of class in year, ground is gone in rotary tillage when prematurity, and vegetable soil increases organic matter and nitrogen, increases crop yield.
(7) nonirrigated farmland staple crops such as plantation wheat, corn.
2008～2010 years, the field of having carried out 3 years in goldfield, Tongguan, Shaanxi continued scientific experiment, selects 900m
2The mine tailings field of containing heavy metal elements such as mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc as reclaiming the experimental field, further it is divided into 4 different fritter experimental field of thickness of earth covering (30cm, 50cm.70cm, 90cm), carry out staple crops (wheat and corn, leaf vegetables, piece root class (potato, radish, Ipomoea batatas) and fruit class (tomato, eggplant, spicy etc.)) planting experiment, 360 groups of comparative trial data have been gathered, analyze the edible part content of beary metal of crops, result of the test has determined to reclaim and the field technical method.
Add up according to investigations, only comprise just have an appointment in interior goldfield, the little Qinling Mountains 15000 mu of gold mine ore dressings heap row's fields, mine tailings field, Tongguan, according to topography and geomorphology and peripheral position condition, can reclaim 12000 mu of the mine tailings fields in field also, by annual every mu of 750kg (wheat+corn) grain yield, can increase grain 9,000,000 kg every year newly, by 1.8 yuan/kg, 1,620 ten thousand yuan of the annual output values.By technological invention, overlying soil can reduce 50cm, and every mu can be reduced and uses native 333.3m
3, 12000 mu can be reduced with soil amount 399.96 ten thousand m
3, integration engineering costs such as the expense that fetches earth, muck haulage expense, earthing expense are by 50 yuan/m
3Meter can reduce 1.9998 hundred million yuan of engineering costs.Two add up to 2.16 hundred million yuan.Only northern area has seat surplus the mine tailing storehouse 15000 according to incompletely statistics, and every occupation of land is on average by 100 mu, if by the 50% also field of can reclaiming wherein, can reclaim safely and go back 750,000 mu in field, according to this invention, can reduce 124.99 hundred million yuan of earthing quantities funds, economic benefit is very remarkable.Reclaim and the field effectively increases arable area, have important social benefit and environmental benefit for alleviating the arable land of constantly reducing because of the urbanization construction.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of being done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. reclaim and the complete economic method of neoasozin is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps in a mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal:
Contain poisonous heavy-tailed slag heap push away flat, roll sturdy, according to building the agricultural drain ditch around the physical features gradient;
Pushing away on the mine tailings field of flat compaction by rolling, laying the tabia of compaction by rolling.
Cover the pure land, compaction by rolling;
Cover the pure land again, compaction by rolling;
Adopt the rotovator arable land degree of depth 20～25cm;
Cover immature soil soil-ripening and nutrient laden;
The plantation dry land crop.
2. reclaiming and go back the complete economic method of neoasozin in the mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the thickness of tabia separation layer is 10cm, and the tabia composition will shine water 5-10% than 5: 3: 2 in process of deployment, evenly compaction by rolling; Separation layer plays the heavy metal element that stops high-load in the mine tailings and enters in the pure land that covers on it by the capillarity rising, plays the important function that reduces thickness of earth covering simultaneously.
3. reclaim and go back the complete economic method of neoasozin in the mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the pure land thickness that covers compaction by rolling is 40cm, at the pure land 30cm that covers compaction by rolling, it is the two-layer layered rolling that needs, the former continues the effect of performance blocking-up heavy metal, and the latter is mainly the plow layer part.Outward transport pure land gross thickness is 70cm.
4. reclaiming and go back the complete economic method of neoasozin in the mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting the rotovator arable land degree of depth is 20-25cm, promptly plants the topsoil of wheat, corn.
5. reclaiming and go back the complete economic method of neoasozin in the mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the soil-ripening and the nutrient laden time that cover the immature soil are 1 year.
6. reclaim and go back the complete economic method of neoasozin in the mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method that covers immature soil soil-ripening and nutrient laden is: the plantation leguminous plant, and use nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and fertilizer to mix simultaneously and use, quicken soil-ripening.In plantation pulse family two seasons of class in year, ground is gone in rotary tillage when prematurity, and vegetable soil increases organic matter and nitrogen, increases crop yield.
7. reclaiming and go back the complete economic method of neoasozin in the mine tailings field that contains poisonous heavy metal as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the dry land crop of plantation is wheat, corn.
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| CN103688617A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-02 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Method for renovating desolated rocky beach through alien earth |
| CN104082056A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-10-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Screening method for replacing surface soil of strip mine reclamation |
| CN105123013A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2015-12-09 | 河南寰宇环保科技有限公司 | Method for surface purification and ecological restoration of gold tailing pond |
| CN109005722A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-18 | 玉溪大红山矿业有限公司 | A kind of iron ore waste-rock yard land reclamation comprehensive improvement method |
| CN109429610A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-03-08 | 杰瑞(莱州)矿山治理有限公司 | It is a kind of to carry out the artificial soil and its reclamation method that land reclamation uses using gold mine tailings slag backfill mining area |
| CN109702000A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-05-03 | 陕西地建矿业开发环境治理有限责任公司 | A kind of isolation restorative procedure of combined contamination soil |
| CN111570498A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-25 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Method for transforming heavy metal tailing slag into soil capable of growing plants |
| CN113575008A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-02 | 国能宝日希勒能源有限公司 | Mining area site soil reconstruction method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103688617A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-02 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Method for renovating desolated rocky beach through alien earth |
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| CN109702000A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-05-03 | 陕西地建矿业开发环境治理有限责任公司 | A kind of isolation restorative procedure of combined contamination soil |
| CN109005722A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-18 | 玉溪大红山矿业有限公司 | A kind of iron ore waste-rock yard land reclamation comprehensive improvement method |
| CN109005722B (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2021-09-03 | 玉溪大红山矿业有限公司 | Comprehensive reclamation method for land reclamation of iron ore waste stone yard |
| CN109429610A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-03-08 | 杰瑞(莱州)矿山治理有限公司 | It is a kind of to carry out the artificial soil and its reclamation method that land reclamation uses using gold mine tailings slag backfill mining area |
| CN111570498A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-25 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | Method for transforming heavy metal tailing slag into soil capable of growing plants |
| CN113575008A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-02 | 国能宝日希勒能源有限公司 | Mining area site soil reconstruction method |
| CN113575008B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2022-08-12 | 国能宝日希勒能源有限公司 | Mining area site soil reconstruction method |
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