CN104082056A - Screening method for replacing surface soil of strip mine reclamation - Google Patents
Screening method for replacing surface soil of strip mine reclamation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a screening method for replacing surface soil of strip mine reclamation and belongs to the technical field of land reclamation and ecological reconstruction and the field of ecological environment materials. The screening method includes the steps that according to detailed geological and occurrence conditions of a stripped overburden rock-soil layer of a strip mine, firstly, the possible soil layers for replacing surface soil are screened out primarily through analyzing geology and rock-soil parameters of all overburden rock-soil layers; then, through analyzing physical, chemical, biological and environmental characteristics of all the soil layers, the soil layer is finally screened out, wherein the soil layer is close to the surface soil in characteristic, the basic soil properties are good, the rate of emergence is high, then a soil conditioner is selected to be mixed with the material for replacing the surface soil to serve as replacing surface soil. According to the replacing surface soil, solid waste treating and strip mine waste dump reclamation can be organically combined, the dual purposes of reducing solid waste and finishing waste dump reclamation are achieved, the solid waste is effectively utilized, the ecological environment is improved, and social, economical and environmental benefits are high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining industry and environment, ecology, disposition of solid waste and utilize technical field, particularly for screening and the improvement method thereof of overlying strata soil layer substitution tables soil material on the thinner regional open coal mine of topsoil.
Background technology
Coal is the Chinese main energy, wherein strip mining transformation have that cost of winning is low, safety, resource utilization high, therefore, the proportion of the outdoor coal mining of China increases day by day, in general having an opencast mining of the damage area in soil is pit mining 2-11 times, because surface mining process need be peeled off all rock-soil layers of top, coal seam, severe jamming the local ecosystem, can thoroughly destroy the vegetation in mining area, destroy or change soil nutrient and the composition of the microorganism, upset animals and plants habitat, reduce microbial activity.Therefore, opencut land reclamation and ecological reconstruction have become task urgently to be resolved hurrily of China.Opencut land reclamation requires to adopt again integrated, and table soil is as the important foundation of soil Net primary productivity, and it is very important in the new soil layer construction of structure, showing soil.
Present stage, the ore deposit methods that adopt in process of reclaiming are that displacement is stored up, then backfill by existing the peeling off of original table soil elder generation more in the open.But the method is for the thinner area of topsoil inapplicable, as the Wind-sandy Area, northwest of China, the topsoil of this area is not only thinner, and has Desertification to a certain degree, therefore quality and the efficiency thereof to such regional land reclamation work, causes and has a strong impact on; Meanwhile, according to the means of reclaiming of routine, topsoil is peeled off, is stored up and backfilling process in can cause table soil resource loss and degradation, this outer dump is step-like distribution, form more side slope, cause the area of reclaiming significantly to increase, make original topsoil quantity obviously not enough, therefore, find suitable substitution tables soil material and seem very necessary.In the upper overlying strata soil layer on the upper strata, mineral deposit of peeling off in the recovery process of ore deposit, screen substitution tables soil material in the open, and substitution tables soil material is improved, the required land occupation condition of plant not only can fundamentally improve refuse dump ecological recovery time, simultaneously for the water and soil conservation of opencut refuse dump creates conditions, solution is stripped from table soil because storing up for a long time the quantity decline of caused seed bank and microorganism, the problems such as soil compaction and active ingredient loss.The deficient area of table soil is because of soil moved in to improve the original the reclaim extra charge producing and the problems such as caused new abandoned land that fetch earth.Simultaneously also for effectively planning and utilize the soil resource in mining area, the sustainable development that realizes mining soil resource provides scientific and effective approach, and to repairing the Ecological degenerative problem in mining area, the smooth enforcement that realizes open coal mine land reclamation and ecological reconstruction work is all of great practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the weak point for overcoming prior art, propose the screening technique of the substitution tables soil that a kind of opencut reclaims, be intended to solve the opencut technical barrier that table soil lacks of reclaiming, thereby recover as early as possible opencut ecotope.
The present invention proposes the screening technique of the substitution tables soil that a kind of opencut reclaims, and it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
1) determine the alternative soil layer of substitution tables soil material: open coal mine district geologic structure is reconnoitred, the all rock-soil layers of open coal mine top that obtain according to prospecting, the thickness of each rock-soil layer, draws stratum, mining area composite columnar section, selects alternative soil layer from each rock-soil layer;
2) alternative soil layer and quality and Geotechnical Parameter when ground surface soil are analyzed: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, the index such as particle composition, chemical composition of each sample is analyzed to contrast;
3) alternative soil layer and the physical characteristic when ground surface soil are analyzed: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, water stable aggregate body burden, unit weight, the porosity of each sample are analyzed to contrast;
4) to alternative soil layer and the chemical property analysis of working as ground surface soil: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, Acidity of Aikalinity, salt content, organic matter and nutritive element content to each sample are analyzed contrast;
5) alternative soil layer and the environmental characteristics when ground surface soil are analyzed: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, cadmium, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc, nickel nine heavy metal species content in each sample are analyzed to contrast;
6) to alternative soil layer with when the biological characteristic analysis of ground surface soil: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, to each sample carry out air-dry, carry out potted plant experiment after pulverizing, sieving, observe the situation of emerging of each soil layer matrix;
7) according to described step 2)-step 6) analysis result of each alternative soil layer is comprehensively analyzed, filter out the soil layer of substitution tables soil material;
8) add corresponding soils conditioner to improve to the matrix of substitution tables soil material soil layer after table soil as an alternative.
The present invention mainly has following technical characterstic:
Geologic structure prospecting in the present invention, can the tax storage that can determine each rock-soil layer meet shows native demand in the process of reclaiming; Quality and the analysis of ground deformation parameter can Preliminary screening soil layers; The Physical Characteristic Analysis of soil layer, can determine that can the physical arrangement of alternative soil layer meet the alternative requirement of table soil; The chemical property analysis of soil layer, can determine that can fertility, Acidity of Aikalinity and the salt content thereof of alternative soil layer soil layer to be selected meet the alternative requirement of table soil.The environmental characteristics analysis of soil layer, can determine whether the content of beary metal of alternative soil layer meets standard of soil environment quality; The biological characteristic analysis of soil layer, can determine that alternative soil layer shows as an alternative soil material and whether have the obstruction factor that affects plant growth.
The present invention makes the rich Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium of substitution tables soil material and the organic matter that filter out after mainly adopting soil conditioner to the improvement of substitution tables soil material, and contain the necessary trace element of plant growth, the structure of improved materials uniqueness can effectively be improved the physical arrangement of substitution tables soil material, in improved materials, contain a large amount of active microorganisms simultaneously, can effectively improve the microbial activity of substitution tables soil material, accelerate its humification process, thereby effectively raise the working efficiency of opencut refuse dump ecological recovery and land reclamation.
The present invention mainly has following excellent results:
1) workable, because the design principle of the method is taking geological mapping before mining as basis, select the upper overlying strata soil layer being stripped to show as an alternative soil material, utilize convenient operation locally.
2) economic benefit is high, proposes to utilize upper overlying strata soil layer to show as an alternative soil material, has reduced the cost of reclaiming, and has avoided the formation of new abandoned land.
3) environmental benefit is high, screens suitable substitution tables soil material, not only can fundamentally repair mining area ecological environment, recovers the land occupation condition of plant, also for condition has been created in opencut water and soil conservation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be in the inventive method embodiment in the geologic structure column schematic diagram of open coal mine top.
Fig. 2 is the inventive method flow chart.
Fig. 3 adopts the substitution tables soil of the embodiment of the present invention and works as ground surface soil raise crop growth control figure.
Embodiment
The screening technique of the opencut substitution tables soil of reclaiming that the present invention proposes, by reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiment be described in detail as follows:
The screening technique of the substitution tables soil that the opencut that the present invention proposes is reclaimed, as shown in Figure 2, comprises the following steps:
1) determine the alternative soil layer of substitution tables soil material: open coal mine district geologic structure is reconnoitred, the all rock-soil layers of open coal mine top that obtain according to prospecting, the thickness of each rock-soil layer, draws stratum, mining area composite columnar section, selects alternative soil layer from each rock-soil layer; The geologic structure of the open coal mine top in the present embodiment as shown in Figure 1.The upper overlying strata soil layer in this district mainly has 7 floor: be divided into from top to bottom humic soil layer 1, maximum ga(u)ge is only 0.5m, and loess formation 2 thickness are 18.4m, sub-clay layer 3 thickness are 16m, and sand gravel layer 4 thickness are 8m, and middle layer of sand 5 thickness are 6m, sand gravel layer 6 thickness are 26m, and sand layers 7 thickness are 0.8m.Known 4 layers and following matrix are respectively sand gravel, medium sand, sandstone, and these matrix belong to harder lithosphere and are not suitable for showing as an alternative native material, so using loess formation 2, sub-clay layer 3 as alternative soil layer;
2) alternative soil layer and quality and Geotechnical Parameter when ground surface soil are analyzed: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, the index such as particle composition, chemical composition of each sample is analyzed to contrast; The analysis correction data of the present embodiment is as shown in table 2, known, when the coarse dust content of ground surface soil is 55.59% to belong to silty soil, illustrates and has occurred Desertification when ground surface soil; The thin glutinous grain content of loess formation 2 is 24.03% to belong to powder clay, and its character has the advantage of sand and clay concurrently, high-output stress-resistance, and venting and water permeable, preserve moisture and fertility ability are better, and it is suitable that to plough the phase longer, be convenient to regulate, in agricultural production, be comparatively ideal soil; The thin glutinous grain content of sub-clay layer 3 is 99.85% to belong to heavy clay.Compared with loam, its intergranular pore is less, and total pore space is relatively high, and preservation capacity of water and fertility is strong, but air capacity of soils is poor, is unfavorable for organic decomposition.
Soil grades composition content (%) in table 2 different soil
In different soil, chemical composition of soil content, as shown in table 3, known, CaO, MgO, Fe in sub-clay layer 3
2o
3, MnO
2deng being significantly higher than loess formation 2 for plant growth provides the content of the oxide of nutrient, even higher than topsoil.
Chemical composition of soil content (gkg in table 3 different soil
-1)
3) alternative soil layer and the physical characteristic when ground surface soil are analyzed:: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, water stable aggregate body burden, unit weight, the porosity of each sample are analyzed to contrast.In different soil, soil water-stable aggregate content is as shown in table 4, known, and the water stable aggregate body burden of sub-clay layer 3 soil is higher than loess formation 2 soil, but with remain in certain gap when earth's surface soil phase ratio.The unit weight of sub-clay layer 3 soil and porosity be significantly lower than loess formation 2 soil, but still higher than working as ground surface soil.
Soil physical property in table 4 different soil
4) to alternative soil layer and the chemical property analysis of working as ground surface soil: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, Acidity of Aikalinity, salt content, organic matter and nutritive element content to each sample are analyzed contrast, the analysis correction data of the present embodiment is as shown in table 5, known, the chemical property of soil in different soil, wherein the index content such as the organic matter of sub-clay layer 3 soil, available potassium, rapid available phosphorus is higher than loess formation 2 soil, but with remain in certain gap when earth's surface soil phase ratio.The pH value of loess formation 2 soil is 9.22 for basic soil, and setting it as table soil can damage plant growth, and sub-clay layer 3 soil are more suitable as the native substitution material of table by comparison.And the soluble-salt content of sub-clay layer 3 soil with when the earth's surface soil phase near.
Soil chemistry characteristic in table 5 different soil
5) alternative soil layer and the environmental characteristics when ground surface soil are analyzed:: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, cadmium, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc, nickel nine heavy metal species content in each sample are analyzed to contrast.The data of the present embodiment are as shown in table 6, known, and when the content of beary metal of ground surface soil and two-layer soil is all less than national soil environment quality primary standard, above-mentioned two-layer soil does not exist environmental risk as the native substitution material of table within the scope of the heavy metal detecting.
Soil environment characteristic in table 6 different soil
6) to alternative soil layer with when the biological characteristic analysis of ground surface soil: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, to each sample carry out air-dry, carry out potted plant experiment after pulverizing, sieving, observe the situation of emerging of each soil layer matrix.The analysis data of the present embodiment are as shown in table 7, known, when the emergence rate of ground surface soil and sub-clay layer 3 soil does not exist significant difference, with the emergence rate of loess formation 2 soil be only 25%, the more suitable plant growth of sub-clay layer 3 soil under same external environment is described.
The situation of emerging of soil in table 7 different soil
7) according to described step 2)-step 6) analysis result of each alternative soil layer is comprehensively analyzed, filter out the soil layer of substitution tables soil material; The present embodiment comprehensively draws above analysis result, and sub-clay layer 3 soil are more suitable as table soil, so sub-clay layer 3 is shown as an alternative to the soil layer of soil material compared with loess formation 2 soil.
8) add corresponding soils conditioner to improve to the matrix of substitution tables soil material soil layer after table soil as an alternative.Because the soil layer directly filtering out from outdoor ore body top is shown as an alternative, soil material nutrient lacks relatively, higher directly the using of viscosity may cause plant growth bad, therefore shows as an alternative soil to screening soil layer soil characteristics and after the difference of ground surface soil soil characteristics adds a small amount of soil conditioner to improve).
Soil conditioner can adopt the conditioner that comprises the physical characteristic of improving soil layer, as vermiculite, zeolite, perlite, sepiolite etc.; The conditioner that improves the chemical property of soil layer has humic acid, bentonite, peat, brown coal, weathered coal, lime, gypsum, stalk, polysaccharose material, cellulose substances etc.; Improve conditioner effective microorganism preparation, the mycorhiza etc. of the biological nature of soil layer.The kind that soil conditioner is selected and consumption all can be determined according to actual conditions (characteristic of the soil layer filtering out and when earth's surface soil characteristics).
After selecting vermiculite, nitro humic acid, improvement stalk to mix with sub-clay layer 3 soil as conditioner in the present embodiment, become substitution tables soil, the percentage by weight of the each composition of substitution tables soil is vermiculite 5-1%, improvement stalk 5-1%, nitro humic acid 0.5-1%, all the other are sub-clay layer 3 soil that filter out.
The improvement stalk that the present embodiment adopts is maize straw anaerobism stack retting after crushed.The whole nation year produces nearly 600,000,000 tons of stalk according to statistics, contains a large amount of organic matters in stalk, and nitrogen phosphorus potassium and trace element have become the important raw and processed materials of China's arid, semiarid zone agricultural production and income.
The vermiculite adopting is a kind of clay mineral similar to montmorillonite, is the silicate of layer structure.There is chesson, good permeability, the feature such as water absorbing force is strong, and variations in temperature is little, is conducive to the growth of crop, also can reduce the input of fertilizer.The prospective reserves of China's vermiculite is 100,000,000 tons according to statistics, occupies the second in the world (being only second to South Africa), and this utilization that is vermiculite provides good material base.
The nitro humic acid adopting, it is that a class contains Suo Ji, complicated macromolecule mixed type organic monoacid through the multiple different molecular weight of the multiple functional groups such as base, the light base of phenol and awake base.Humic acid all plays leading role to soil basic substance and soil structure, and then energy circulation to soil, the suction storage of nutrient and moisture is transformed, releases for the repertoire of ability, self regulating and control ability and resistance and soil ecosystem and all produce extremely important impact.Nitro humic acid, taking nitric acid as oxidant, makes the macromolecule aromatic structure in humic acid material be oxidized, decompose and increase carboxyl, hydroxyl isoreactivity group, and make nitro introduce becomes nitro humic acid simultaneously in humic acid structure.Humic acid and goods thereof have fertilizer synergistic, improve soil, stimulate plant growth, improve the functions such as agricultural product quality, simultaneously can regulating crop growths, improve the effects such as crop nutrition content.
In the present embodiment to the rich Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium of substitution tables soil soil and the organic matter that make to filter out after the soil melioration of substitution tables soil, and contain the necessary trace element of plant growth, the structure of conditioner uniqueness can effectively be improved the physical arrangement of substitution tables soil soil, in conditioner, contain a large amount of active microorganisms simultaneously, can effectively improve the microbial activity of substitution tables soil soil, accelerate its humification process, thereby effectively raise the working efficiency of opencut refuse dump ecological recovery and land reclamation.
Using the table soil substitution material after the present invention's improvement as table soil, in the time that reclaiming, refuse dump covers on side slope and platform.
The Growth of Alfalfa situation control experiment of carrying out indoor pot with the improved substitution tables soil of the present embodiment as shown in Figure 3, the soil layer of Fig. 3 a screening substitution tables soil material does not add the growing state of modifying agent, Fig. 3 b is the growing state that adds the substitution tables soil material of modifying agent, and Fig. 3 c is the growing state when ground surface soil.Substitution tables soil material unit weight after improvement significantly reduces its scope at 1.13～1.34gcm
-3between, total porosity increases between 46.6～56.1%, and capillary porosity proportion significantly reduces, and noncapillary poropsity ratio rises to some extent.Aggregate content significantly increases, saturation moisture content, field capacity, wilting point, effective water content obviously improve, after adding modifying agent, substitution tables soil material nutrient content obviously improves, soil enzyme activities increases, the quantity of bacterium, actinomycetes, fungi is all significantly increased, and its arability is significantly increased.Results from pot experiment test shows after the improvement of substitution tables soil material has remarkable impact to the emergence rate of alfalfa, plant height and growth rate significantly improve, the relative conductivity of blade reduces, and cell leakage strengthens, and foliar SOD enzymic activity, POD enzymic activity and leaf soluble protein content content raise.
Claims (2)
1. a screening technique for the substitution tables soil that opencut is reclaimed, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
1) determine the alternative soil layer of substitution tables soil material: open coal mine district geologic structure is reconnoitred, the all rock-soil layers of open coal mine top that obtain according to prospecting, the thickness of each rock-soil layer, draws stratum, mining area composite columnar section, selects alternative soil layer from each rock-soil layer;
2) alternative soil layer and quality and Geotechnical Parameter when ground surface soil are analyzed: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, the index such as particle composition, chemical composition of each sample is analyzed to contrast;
3) alternative soil layer and the physical characteristic when ground surface soil are analyzed: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, water stable aggregate body burden, unit weight, the porosity of each sample are analyzed to contrast;
4) to alternative soil layer and the chemical property analysis of working as ground surface soil: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, Acidity of Aikalinity, salt content, organic matter and nutritive element content to each sample are analyzed contrast;
5) alternative soil layer and the environmental characteristics when ground surface soil are analyzed: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, cadmium, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc, nickel nine heavy metal species content in each sample are analyzed to contrast;
6) to alternative soil layer with when the biological characteristic analysis of ground surface soil: to described each alternative soil layer and the sampling of table soil, to each sample carry out air-dry, carry out potted plant experiment after pulverizing, sieving, observe the situation of emerging of each soil layer matrix;
7) according to described step 2)-step 6) analysis result of each alternative soil layer is comprehensively analyzed, filter out the soil layer of substitution tables soil material;
8) add corresponding soils conditioner to improve to the matrix of substitution tables soil material soil layer after table soil as an alternative.
2. method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described soil conditioner adopts the conditioner of the physical characteristic of improving soil layer, improve soil layer chemical property conditioner or improve one or more in the conditioner of biological nature of soil layer.
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| CN106489591A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-15 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of substitution tables soil material for open coal mine |
| CN106673906A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-17 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Preparation method of improved substituted surface soil material for open pit coal mine |
| CN109284848A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-29 | 黄甫 | The long-range casting planing method of interior row's opencut and computing system |
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| CN111448867A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-07-28 | 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心 | Method for land reclamation of waste rock soil based on open pit coal mine rock dumping field |
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| CN112175625B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-11-19 | 中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司 | Preparation and use methods of modifier for surface soil substitute material of opencast coal mine |
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