CN1031964A - 连续生产胶料工艺方法和设备 - Google Patents

连续生产胶料工艺方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1031964A
CN1031964A CN88106349A CN88106349A CN1031964A CN 1031964 A CN1031964 A CN 1031964A CN 88106349 A CN88106349 A CN 88106349A CN 88106349 A CN88106349 A CN 88106349A CN 1031964 A CN1031964 A CN 1031964A
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Prior art keywords
twin
screw
double
cylindrical shell
equipment
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CN88106349A
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CN1014223B (zh
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诺伯特·来比格
曼夫利德·迪恩斯特
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KraussMaffei Berstorff GmbH
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Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE3729237A external-priority patent/DE3729237C1/de
Priority claimed from DE3729236A external-priority patent/DE3729236C1/de
Application filed by Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau GmbH filed Critical Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau GmbH
Publication of CN1031964A publication Critical patent/CN1031964A/zh
Publication of CN1014223B publication Critical patent/CN1014223B/zh
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/834Cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/486Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with screws surrounded by a casing provided with grooves or cavities
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    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Abstract

本发明描述了一种工艺方法和设备。用这种工 艺和设备能够连续生产一种用来加工诸如汽车轮胎 等产物的胶料。
胶料的混合成分在一台双螺杆挤压机中加以炼 制并均化,它是通过可高达19/20的混合料进入机 器循环系统中而至少1/20的混合料连续的输出而 实现的。
混合料的循环,或者说材料的回流是在一个围绕 双螺杆挤压机同轴配置的圆柱外壳形,可冷却的环形 腔中实现的,该环形腔与双螺杆挤压腔相连接。

Description

本发明涉及一种连续生产胶料和其它的以聚合物为基体含有添加剂的混合料的工艺方法及实施这种方法的设备。
迄今为止还没有或者说仅有很少的实用方法是采用连续工艺来生产胶料。其原因在于胶料是由许多不同的成分组成并具有不同的配料特性和提供形式。因此目前仅限于粉末橡胶的加工采用了连续生产工艺。
在该种工艺中,各种材料成分从不同的位置加入螺旋挤压机。这里所使用的挤压机为一种单螺杆挤压机。为了改进对于搅抹过程不利的输送特性并以此改善螺杆输送的滞留作用,在这种工艺中,螺旋面上加工了孔,螺杆本身还在轴向产生振动。这种振动虽然可抵消配料中出现的波动和某种成分的局部沉积,但也会招致一种与材料体积有关的功率消耗的局部差异。由此会引起碳黑的不均匀分散,不理想的热量传递从而材料中局部出现不同的混合状态。在混合过程中尽管螺杆产生轴向运动但不能使材料的轴向混合满足要求还会出现上述缺点,至使材料混合状态的差异不能得以消除。出于这一原因,此种工艺尤其不能用于有较高碳黑含量的胶料和非粉末状橡胶以及天然橡胶。
通过采用另一种在成形挤压中使用的螺杆结构,借助于各种不同的几何形状和专门的障碍体实现单一的液态层的包围,也不能使前面描述的搅抹工艺得到改善。这种特殊结构并不能使滞留作用产生显著的变化。
因此,至今在胶料的生产中仅仅使用了非连续的加工工艺。内混合器是作为应用于这个加工过程的一种所熟悉的设备。将聚合物材料添入内混合器,并且依一定的时间间隔也将其它的混合料成分添入内混合器,在一确定的时间内对其加以炼制。
基于转片的几何形状,在炼制过程中材料成分的分布不断变化,从而逐渐达到一种保持不变的均匀性。其缺点是存在着不利的体积/表面积比,由此导致了较差的热传导性。譬如在加碳时由于材料的温升过高,碳黑不能在一次操作过程中全部添入,其结果是要求数次搅抹过程。
在图10中表示了根据现有技术的一种工艺流程图。
在这个例子中,以一种非稳定的过程在内混合器(50)中实现橡胶材料的炼制,这期间由于温度连续升高而出现不断变更的环境条件并使炼制作用产生变化。
炼制结束后,在同一个不稳定过程中还要加入填充剂、软化剂和辅助材料,而添入络各剂和其它的辅助材料则是在这组混合料冷却后在另一个内混合器中的进一步搅抹过程中进行的。而在下一次搅抹过程中,在尽可能低的温度条件下添加催速剂,得到迅速反应的最终混合料。
根据这一现有技术,胶料仅仅是在内混合器中以不稳定的过程进行生产。以上提及的例子考虑的是天然橡胶混合物的制造。在进行相应的破碎之后,天然橡胶在内混合器(50)中加以炼制,并为掺入其它混合成分作好准备。
在具有搅抹釜作用的内混合器中实施的搅抹过程会引起温度的不断升高,由此出现不断变更的环境条件并使炼制作用不断改变。
此外,由于不利的搅拌特性和较差的散热性在材料中出现很大的温度差,至使这一过程的温度是不可控制的或者是很难实现温度控制。
加入填充剂,软化剂或许还有辅助材料是在炼制结果后的同一个不稳定过程中进行的。此时全部填充剂、或在填充剂含量较高时仅有一部分填充剂以及全部软化剂加入这组混合料中。
在内混合器中不断变换材料分布以及随之伴生的强烈的温升会对填充剂的吸收和填充剂附聚物的分散产生影响。由于随着温度的升高,分散效果会越来越差,并且随着填充剂成分的比例加大,温度也会越来越快的升高,所以由于内混合器中较差的热传导,温度不能保持不变,由此每组混合料仅能加入有限的填充剂。
结果导致了在填充剂含量较大时和常见的高含量时,这组混合料就要在相应的冷却之后在内混合器中重新进行的非稳定搅拌过程中继续加工,并必须加入剩余的填充剂。为了能生产出符合质量要求的基本混合料,往往需要4~5次搅拌过程。加工完的材料随之进行滚压,并为了后续加工成条状或颗粒状贮存起来。
添加络合剂是在内混合器中的另一次非稳定加工过程中实现的,这期间与反应速度相适应的温度不允许超过一个相应的临界值。
这一要求在特别迅速反应的情况下也可能导致实行多次搅拌过程,因为络合剂的各种成分必须平均地分布于材料中。由此温度会以有害的方式迅速升高。
出于以上原因,根据这一现有技术生产一种胶料可能需要7次或8次搅拌过程,由此导致了需要较大的存放空间和大量的机械和人为消耗。
连续生产胶料的工艺方法必须满足以下要求:
-能将多个连续加工的单一过程串接起来,诸如炼制、填入碳黑、油和其它辅助材料以及络合剂的添入搅拌等。
-具有高的表面积/体积比。
-通过控制尽可能不变的、一定的剪切载荷,得到与体积有关的功率消耗的均匀分布。
-带有强烈的径向搅拌作用和分散作用的材料的强迫输送。
-为了抵消在配料、搅拌作用和分散作用方面的缺陷所引起的局部出现的不均匀性,每一加工步骤必须具有在搅拌釜内一定的停留时间。
-良好的可控制性以保证质量。
-应有很好的传热环境时尽可能保持每一加工步骤后的加工温度。
本发明的任务在于,推出一种用于生产均匀的橡胶基本混合料的连续加工工艺,该工艺可满足以上的要求。在这种连续的基本混合料生产过程中,应在一次操作过程中添入全部必需的碳黑量。
各工艺步骤应在一台机器中实现,它包括:
-橡胶的炼制
-填充剂的加入
-络合剂的添加搅拌
特别是加工混合物的机器表面积相对于胶料体积应有一个较大的比例,以改善传热状况。
此外,本发明的任务还在于推出一种实现这种工艺的设备,特别是应达到降低剪切能量的消耗而同时还有混合物良好的纵向搅拌。
处于再循环或循环状态中的胶料应同时较好地混合和均化,而不会在再循环系统,特别是在圆柱外壳形的环形缝隙中产生材料压力的明显提高。
因此,本发明给出了一种通过炼制,分散,配料以及填充剂,油、辅助材料和络合剂等成分来连续生产一种胶料的方法,以及使添加的成分恒温均化的方法,其特征在于,碎化的橡胶在一台双螺杆挤压机中加以炼制;沿螺杆纵向从橡胶添入口起1D到10D(D=螺杆直径)的距离上,单独选择的或者组合选择的附加材料成分,如助剂成分,填充剂成分(碳黑),软化剂成分,络合剂成分等按配比添入双螺杆挤压机;沿螺杆纵向从附加材料添入口起直到10D的距离上,有一部分混合料与剩余的材料分离,并被压入与双螺杆挤压腔的入口端相连的回流腔,这一部分材料的体积可以达到输出挤压机的胶料量的20倍;混合料在回流腔中受到剧烈的冷却;胶料在经过至少2D长的回流腔后,通过双螺杆挤压机的输送压力又返回到双螺杆挤压腔的入口端;从挤压机输出的胶料通过双螺杆挤压机末端的出料口。借助于一个控制出口开启截面的装置连续的排出。
本发明还给出了一种实施上述方法的设备,它是由一部带有同向或反向旋转的,彼此啮合的螺杆的双螺杆挤压机构成的,它带有两个配备了配料装置的填料漏斗,并带有一个胶料出料口,该设备的特征在于,从第一个填料漏斗到第二个填料漏斗的距离(a)可达10D长度(D=螺杆直径);在双螺杆挤压腔的出料口前径向配置了向外伸向一个圆柱外壳形空腔的回流通道;圆柱外壳形空换啡扑莞思费够目翘宀⒂胫崤渲茫抑辽俜聪蜓由熘?D长度以上;圆柱外壳形空腔的结构可满足调温的要求;圆柱外壳形空腔与径向返回到双螺杆挤压腔的通道相连;在双螺杆挤压机的出料口中配置了一个可依据双螺杆挤压腔内的压力来控制并开启截面的装置。
在双螺杆挤压工艺中,约有60%的能量消耗在设备的入口区,由此大部分温升是在这一范围内产生的。当添加碳黑时碳黑应在第一阶段的炼制之后,在直接与第一阶段相连的第二阶段中加入(沿螺杆纵向距橡胶炼制添料口约5D的位置上)(D=螺杆直径)。这种聚合物基体事先进行的炼制和温升将导致迅速的碳黑吸收。
在接下来的螺杆区段上,碳黑被混合料吸收,并已开始了附聚物的分散。
为了较好地抵消配料剂量的波动和局部的不均匀性,从第二个进料口顺材料流动方向以后约4D(D=螺杆直径)的距离上,输送料流与径由径向循环通道和圆柱外壳形环形腔返回的较大的返回循环料流相混合。这股返回输送的料流是在螺杆末端从材料流中分出并返回的。由此在这一循环系统的出口和入口之间重新产生材料分散过程。
这种类型的混合可实现对搅拌釜作用的控制,以便在螺旋挤压中缺乏的纵向混合作用得到补偿,并且使碳黑或其它材料成分的确定的分散状况得到调节。
这种反复循环过程的另一个重要的特点是在圆柱外壳形空腔中输送的料流可剧烈的冷却,这对于降低不断提高的加工温度是极有利的。这种冷却导致了进入循环系统的料温降低,其结果可改善炼制状况和碳黑的分散状况。随着温度的降低,粘度提高,由此会在材料中引起较高的剪应力。当碳黑被吸收以后,其分散效果会相应的得到改善。
材料的回流是在一个圆柱外壳形的环形缝隙中实现的,这样能够得到高的表面积/体积比。
通过各加工阶段之间的连接管路的接口管结构,或者通过配置一个作为循环腔的单螺杆挤压机,以及作为连接元件的毛细管,并安装上毛细管粘度计,使得首次可实现天然橡胶炼制的调节,因为粘度的变化可以立即被测知,并通过同时改变螺杆旋转速度和出料口开启的截面(以一个可调的挡板来保持输送料流的体积)加以补偿。随着不断增加的转数而提高的输送功率则通过材料回流的增加而得到抵偿。
在回流中良好的,通过较高的料流速度而改善的传热性,导致了加工温度可以保持不变。
按照本发明的工艺方法具有以下优点:
-可实现连续的加工工艺。
-首次使天然橡胶素炼制的控制和调节以及粘度的联机测量成为可能。
-胶料仅有很小的热负荷。
-在搅拌釜作用的基础上达到了很高的均匀性。
-降低了与材料重量相关的功率消耗。
-免除了生产过程中胶料的中间存放。
一种主要由双螺杆挤压机组成、带有两个沿材料流动方向间隔可达10D的,相邻配置的进料漏斗(用于橡胶和填充剂)(碳黑))的设备,其出料口可以关闭,以致在双螺杆挤压腔的出口区出现较高的压力。
通过如此产生的材料压力可以将与填充剂相混合的橡胶压入循环通道系统。这一循环通道系统是由从双螺杆挤压腔径向伸出的通道所组成。这些通道又通向与双螺杆挤压机壳体同轴的圆柱外壳形环形缝隙,或者说回流腔中。
这个环形缝隙在一个确定的,依赖于搅拌程度的长度距离上,从外部围绕双螺杆递向延伸。
这个回流腔在其反向料流的末端位置通过径向的重新通向双螺杆挤压腔的通道与挤压腔相连通。由此便可在这种结构的基础上实现材料的回流或者说循环,这期间回流的材料又输入到双螺杆挤压腔中并与后续填入的料流在双螺杆挤压腔中重新混合。
这一过程可以随意地加以重复,它依赖于双螺杆挤压机出峡诘目艚孛娴拇笮『图费寡沽Φ拇笮 U馄诩涓菀恢中问降慕涟韪饔梦四艿玫嚼硐氲幕旌献刺笤?0%的混合料被输出挤压机,而90%的混合料则处于回流或者循环系统中,也就是说处于径向的输出和返回通道以及圆柱外壳形的环形缝隙中。
可对圆柱外壳形的环形缝隙进行冷却,以控制由挤压腔的输送压力引入胶料的剪切能量,这种能量虽然可促进轴向搅拌,但也会导致胶料的温度升高。
这种冷却是通过在双螺杆挤压机的壳体中配置轴向冷却孔或者通过在圆柱外壳中做出轴向的孔来实现的。这些孔与能够实现循环的调温装置相连接。
一方面需要输入剪切能量,以更好地获得对温度敏感的胶料的纵向搅拌效果,而另一方面又要通过剧烈的,抵消大量能量的冷却来保证不超越胶料的苛刻的温度负荷界限。
通过采用圆柱外壳的可旋转结构,并在其内表面加工出沟槽,可得到一种输送效果,由此在胶料的循环时间保持不变的情况下,在回流或者说循环系统中的挤压力可大大降低。
通过具有输送作用的圆柱外壳的旋转而促进混合料在环形腔中的回流,可有效地防止对混合料有害的温升,由此可以降低这一范围内的冷却功率。
此外这种循环过程可关于时间进行控制,也就是说可以延缓或者加速,而不必改变双螺杆的转数。还可以得到一种附加的搅拌和均化效果,而不必通过在循环系统中压力的提高而把更多的剪切能量带入胶料。
通过可转动的圆柱外壳内螺旋形沟槽的形状、也就是说它的螺旋斜度、截面形状和深度可以对输料速度施加影响。这其中尤其可通过控制圆柱外壳的圆周速度来调节一个确定的胶料混合程度和均化程度。
本发明的实施例将参照附图加以说明。图4中所示的是优先考虑的实施例。
附图简介如下:
图1,一个概略表示的螺旋挤压设备的纵向视图。
图2,图1中“A”部的放大剖面。
图3,图2中沿线Ⅲ-Ⅲ的横截面。
图4,与图1所示的设备类似的另一个实施例的纵向视图。
图5,由图4得出的一个局部放大剖面。
图6,图4或者说图5中直线Ⅲ-Ⅲ处的横截面。
图7,圆柱外壳内表面的展开图。
图8,实现本工艺的设备的另一种实施形式的顶视图。
图9,实现本发明所述工艺的另一种实施形式。
图10,一种概略表示的工艺流程图,该图表示了根据现有技术确定的工艺。
图11,与图2和图5所示设备类似的另一种实施形式,然而装有不同的螺杆。
在图1中表示了一种双螺杆挤压机1,该设备带有一个驱动装置和传动系统4,两个填料漏斗2和3,两者以距离“a”相邻配置。
在双螺杆挤压机的出口端安装了一个控制出料口开启截面的,为专业人员所熟悉的挡板5,该挡板与一个调节仪6相连接,并根据出料口前安装的压力测量仪7所测出的压力值进行控制。
双螺杆挤压机具有两个彼此相啮合的螺杆8和9,螺杆在壳体10中转动,并借助螺旋形的螺纹11使填入的材料几乎全部向前输送。双螺杆挤压机具有一种强迫输送作用和自清洁能力,因为当螺杆旋转时螺纹顶部11可互相清理,同时因与壳体内壁之间的距离很小而沿着内壁擦试。
从双螺杆挤压腔12引出的回流通道13延伸到圆柱外壳形的环形缝隙14,这个缝隙由外壳15所环抱。为了能够使外壳的温度调整到一定的范围,在外壳10和15中配置了轴向的冷却孔16和42。一台熟知的,没有详细表示出的调温装置与冷却孔16相连接。
圆柱外壳形的环形缝隙14递向延伸经回流通道17与双螺杆挤压腔12的入口端相通,在回流腔与挤压腔之间配置有冷却孔42。
碎化的橡胶借助于未表示出的配料装置加入填料漏斗2,由螺杆8和9咬入并在第一个螺杆区段“a”中炼制,加工助剂也同时加入第一个填料漏斗2。
填充剂、或者说碳黑从填料漏斗3加入已炼制的、并由于输入了剪切能量而使温度升至约60~80℃的橡胶中。此外,一些必要的软化剂成分和其它的加工辅助材料也按配比添入漏斗3。
从漏斗3到第一个回流通道17应保持距离“b”,这个距离不小于4D(D=螺杆直径),以保证添加的材料与经过通道17回流的料流首次混合之前能够向漏斗3中添入足够的配料成分。
这一返回的材料流量可以调整到直至挤压腔内整个材料体积的1/20,籍此便可能使材料的添加成为确定的和可控制的。
压力测量仪7在出料口18稍前的位置测量压力,并借助于它经一个与挡板5相连的调节仪6来控制出料口18的开启截面,以此来任意地调节通过环形缝隙14回流的材料流量。视所需要的最终均匀度,材料可以复次挤压到环形缝隙中,直至得到足够的均匀性,这期间总是有部分胶料排出,其多少可以调整到整个机器内腔混合料体积的1/20。
当材料从环形缝隙中通过时,可使混合料强烈地冷却,这是由壳体中的冷却道16和外壳10中的冷却孔42实现的。就是在混合料的多次循环中也不会产生热负荷。这种情况具有特别的意义,因为借助于符合本发明的设备可以实现较高的冷却面/材料体积比,这一点至今还没有已知的设备有类似的描述。
本发明的另一种实施形式在图4~7中表示。
径由径向通道13进入环形缝隙14的胶料受到旋转外壳50的作用而继续输送。
两个主动齿轮56使外壳50处于旋转运动中,这两个小齿轮与外壳50的外齿环相啮合。
安装主动齿轮56的传动轴57可通过传动装置60的从动轴61来实行无级调速。此外为了在特殊情况下总能得到所需要的均化程度的胶料,传动装置60的结构可以实现反向旋转。
在外壳50中加工出了沟槽52,它们的结构形状或者可以是半圆形的,或者可以是矩形的。
沟槽是在外壳50的内表面61上螺旋形的铣出,并具有确定的斜度,该斜度视所希望的输送速度其角度54应在0~90°之间选取。
在沟槽深度相同和外壳50的圆周速度不变时,倾斜角度选择得越少,输送速度就越慢。
如果选用轴向沟槽(未在图中表示出),也就是约90°配置的沟槽,那么外壳的圆周速度可大大降低,并可视外壳的转速实现一种很强烈的胶料横向搅拌。在这种情况下输送压力几乎仅仅靠双螺杆挤压机的挤压力获得了。
在同样的沟槽52斜度的情况下,通过传动装置60的换向控制而使外壳50变换转向,可在很低的外壳转数的情况下,使大量剪切能量输入胶料,这对于一定的具有较高热稳定性的胶料来说是有很大意义的。
为使材料温度不致超越温度界限,外壳50和双螺杆挤压腔的壳体由轴向的冷却孔16来调温,一种未表示出的,对于专业人员来说已熟悉的调温装置与这些冷却孔相连。
如图7中所示,入口端封闭的沟槽52a,在出口端便是开放的52b,也就是说以相邻的沟槽翻转过来的交替形式,通过沟槽52的这种结构,使所有越过沟槽52之间的隔筋的材料在进入回流通道17返回双螺杆挤压腔12之前。受到一次剪切作用。
这样可以很迅速地实现胶料的均化,而在一些情况下对可转动的圆柱外壳50和双螺杆挤压腔的壳体进行冷却则是适宜的。
对于大多数混合过程来说,通常首先仅仅进行橡胶的炼制,这样便可选用一种如图8所示的设备。颗粒状橡胶,或许还有必募庸じㄖ牧咸钊氲谝桓鏊莞思费够?0的漏斗19。
炼制过程的实现与在图1和图2中所描述的工艺方法相类似,压力由测量仪22(图8)来确定,并籍此由与测量仪22相连的调节仪32来控制出料口25。
混合料通过毛细管25进入双螺杆挤压机21,在毛细管中装入了毛细管粘度计26(测量轴向压力梯度)。通过配置一个毛细管粘度计便可对天然橡胶的炼制过程进行控制,因为粘度的变化可立即被测知,并通过同时改变螺杆转数和出料口24给予补偿(出料口24的变化是通过为保持输送料流的总量而设置的可调挡板29实现的)。
随着螺杆转数的提高而增加的输送功率可由穿过环形缝隙14的混合料回流的增加得以抵偿,回流区域内良好的热传导可重新使加工温度保持不变。
对于图8中所示的设备,其碳黑及油等填充材料是经由填料漏斗27加入的,这些成分的分散是在双螺杆挤压机21中实现的,该挤压机同样配备了一个调节出料口28开启截面28的滑板29。
这个滑板29借助于一个液压缸30,依据压力测量仪31测出的压力值,通过调节仪32加以控制。
在图9所示的结构形式中,两个螺杆挤压机33,34并排配置。
双螺杆挤压机34承担了如图3和图8中所示的环形缝隙14的功能。
双螺杆挤压机33则通过管路35与挤压机34的作为回流腔而构成的挤压腔的入口端36相连接,挤压机34又通过管路37与双螺杆挤压机33的入口相通。
挤压机33具有一个用来填入碎化橡胶的第一填料口38和一个用于填充剂,软化剂和其它加工辅助材料的填料口39。借助于驱动装置和传动装置40使未表示出的螺杆产生转动,并完成炼制、输送和均化的工作。
同样在这种结构形式中可首先有一部分胶料通过出料口41的关闭而进入回流腔,也就是说进入双螺杆挤压机34,其体积可调节到被填入的胶料体积的1/20。双螺杆挤压机34的同样未表示出的螺杆承担了混合料通过管路37的反向输送。
在挤压机34中同样采用通常的、未表示出的孔对胶料进行冷却,这些孔与一个调温仪相连。随后胶料通过管路37又回到第一个双螺杆挤压机33中。
因为仅有大约1/20的胶料通过出料口41连续的输出,而有约19/20的胶料在设备中循环,因此便可达到一种很强烈的纵向和横向搅拌以及各种成分的充分分散。同时因为在挤压机34中通过壳体的冷却以及挤压机螺杆的内冷却而提供了较大的冷却面积,所以不会导致热负荷的出现。
在图11所示的结构形式中,采用了另一种挤压机螺杆形状。在“b”段范围内螺杆8、9与在图1中这一范围的螺杆相比具有螺旋斜度更大的螺纹,籍此能够影响输送速度。在“b”段的末端螺杆上设置了一个凸起结构47,该凸起部位47和圆柱内壳之间仅有相对较小的缝隙。当材料越过凸起部分47时便会得到剧烈的剪切和均化效果。
双螺杆挤压机螺杆8,9的螺纹根直径在“b”段已变大,这样螺纹深度45便相应减小。通过这个措施可以使材料压力提高,进而提高对经过凸起部分47的材料的剪切。
为了进一步提高剪切效果,也能够在螺杆8,9的末端设置另一个凸起结构44,由此同样可促使混合料较迅速的均化。
根据本发明,特别在两台串接的双螺杆挤压机(图8)中实现,各个加工步骤-炼制,添加填加剂和辅助材料以及添加络合剂,由于可调节每台挤压机的搅拌釜作用以及强烈的冷却效果,使挤压机可连续运转。由此也可消除额外出现的高温。
在实现连续加工过程的单螺杆-搅拌挤压机中可以加入催速剂,以便可能立即进行后续加工或者在适当的冷却后生产简单的带料。
与图10中所示的工艺流程图相比较,不难看出,按照本发明所描述的工艺方法和为此而使用的设备可以满足在说明书第11页中所提出的要求。
有关的符号表
1=双螺杆挤压机
2=填料漏斗
3=填料漏斗
4=驱动装置和传动装置
5=挡板
6=调节仪
7=压力测量仪
8=螺杆
9=螺杆
10=双螺杆挤压机壳体
11=螺杆螺纹
12=双螺杆挤压腔
13=回流通道
14=圆柱外壳形的环形缝隙
15=外壳
16=冷却孔
17=回流通道
18=出料口
19=填料漏斗
20=双螺杆挤压机
21=双螺杆挤压机
22=压力测量仪
23=调节仪
24=出料口
25=毛细管
26=毛细管粘度计
27=填料漏斗
28=出料口
29=滑动挡板
30=液压缸
31=压力测量仪
32=调节仪
33=双螺杆挤压机
34=双螺杆挤压机
35=管道
36=双螺杆挤压机34的入口端
37=管道
38=填料口
39=填料口
40=驱动装置和传动装置
41=出料口
42=销钉
44=凸起结构
45=螺纹深度
46=螺纹的螺旋斜度
47=凸起结构
50=内混合器
51=圆柱外壳内表面
52=沟槽
53=材料逆流箭头
54=倾斜角度
55=外齿圈
56=主动齿轮
57=驱动轴
59=垂直线
60=传动装置
61=从动轴

Claims (14)

1、通过炼制,分散、配料以及添加填充剂、油、辅助材料和络合剂等成分来连续生产一种胶料的方法,以及使添加的成分恒温均化的方法,其特征在于,碎化的橡胶在一台双螺杆挤压机中加以炼制,沿螺杆纵向从橡胶添入口起1D到10D(D=螺杆直径)的距离上,单独选择的或者组合选择的附加材料成分,如助剂成分、填充剂成分(碳黑)、软化剂成分、络各剂成分等按配比添入双螺杆挤压机;沿螺杆纵向从附加材料添入口起直到10D的距离上,有一部分混合料与剩余的材料分离,并被压入与双螺杆挤压腔的入口端相连的回流腔,这一部分材料的体积可以达到输出挤压机的胶料量的20倍;混合料在回流腔中受到剧烈的冷却;胶料在经过至少2D长的回流腔后,通过双螺杆挤压机的输送压力又返回到双螺杆挤压腔的入口端;从挤压机输出的胶料通过双螺杆挤压机末端的出料口,借助于一个控制出口开启截面的装置连续的排出。
2、一种实施根据权利要求1所述方法的设备,它是由一部带有同向或反向旋转的、彼此啮合的螺杆的双螺杆挤压机构成,它带有两个配备了配料装置的填料漏斗,并带有一个胶料出料口,该设备的特征在于,从第一个填料漏斗(2)到第二个填料漏斗(3)的距离(a)可达10D长度(D=螺杆直径):在双螺杆挤压腔(12)的出料口(18)前径向配置了向外伸向一个圆柱外壳形空腔(14)的回流通道(13);圆柱外壳形空腔(14)环绕双螺杆挤压机的壳体并与之同轴配置,且至少反向延伸至2D长度以上;圆柱外壳形空腔(14)的结构可满足调温的要求(16,42);圆柱外壳形空腔(14)与径向返回到双螺杆挤压腔的通道(17)相连;在双螺杆挤压机(1)的出料口(18)中配置了一个可依据双螺杆挤压腔内的压力来控制开启截面的装置(5,6,7,29,30,32)。
3、根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,圆柱外壳形回流腔(14)的外壁是由一个可转动并可驱动的圆柱体外壳(50)构成的;圆柱外壳(50)的内表面(51)加工出螺旋形、其截面为半圆形或矩形的沟槽(52);螺旋形沟槽(52)具有一种可对回流(53)材料的输送产生作用的螺旋斜度(54);还配置了径向的从圆柱外壳形空腔(14)返回到双螺杆挤压腔(12)的通道(17);在双螺杆挤压机的出料口(18)安装了依据双螺杆挤压腔内的压力来控制开启截面的装置(5,6,7)。
4、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,圆柱体外壳(50)具有外齿环(55),主动齿轮(56)与外齿环相啮合,主动齿轮(56)的传动轴(57)与一个传动装置(60)和驱动装置相连接。
5、根据权利要求3和4所述的设备,其特征在于,与轴(57)相连的传动装置(60)具有一个无级调速的从动轴(61);从动轴(61)的结构可使其实现右向旋转和左向旋转驱动。
6、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,沟槽(52)轴向平行于螺杆轴(8,9)配置。
7、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,沟槽(52)相对于一条垂直线(59)以0~90°的斜角范围配置。
8、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其特征在于,并排配置的螺旋形沟槽(52)交替的在入口端(52a)呈封闭的形式,并在出口端(52b)呈开放的形式;相邻的沟槽则在入口端呈开放的形式(52c),并在出口端(52d)呈封闭的形式,并排的位于沟槽(52)之间的隔筋交替的具有不同的高度。
9、一种实施根据权利要求1所述方法的设备,其特征在于,为胶料循环而设置的回流腔构成了第二个可冷却的挤压机(34),它的入口端(36)经过连接管(35)与双螺杆挤压腔的回流通道的回流出口相接,它的出料口则经过连接管(37)与双螺杆挤压腔的回流通道的回流入口相接。
10、根据权利要求2至9的任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,出料口(18,24)和/或者连接管(37)采用毛细管(25)结构,其内部装入了毛细管粘度计(26)。
11、根据权利要求2至10所述的设备,其特征在于,螺杆(图11)在其进料段和配料段上相对于均化段来说具有较小的螺纹深度(45)和/或者较小的螺旋角度(46)。
12、根据权利要求2至11所述的设备,其特征在于,在使材料成分均化的区段(b)上,螺杆(8,9)具有可施加剪切作用的部分,如凸起结构(47),剪切螺纹或类似的结构。
13、根据权利要求2至12所述的设备,其特征在于,在螺杆的末端和/或者均匀化区段(b)的末端配置了没有螺纹的可施加剪切作用的凸起结构(44)。
14、根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,可调节的销钉(43)从外部径向伸入空腔14。
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CN110774472A (zh) * 2015-03-23 2020-02-11 下一代回收机有限公司 用于处理塑料熔体的设备以及方法
CN111070630A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-28 北京路德永泰环保科技有限公司 双螺杆增程挤压结构
CN112895373A (zh) * 2020-03-11 2021-06-04 陶怡君 塑料挤出管件的连续成型印花装置

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CN101107116B (zh) * 2005-01-21 2011-04-06 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 具有反馈装置的挤出机
US9738405B2 (en) 2006-11-29 2017-08-22 J-Lok Co. Resin cartridge production system
CN101381459B (zh) * 2008-10-23 2010-12-22 上海树脂厂有限公司 一种制备高粘度苯基甲基乙烯基硅橡胶的生产工艺
CN103231540A (zh) * 2013-04-27 2013-08-07 江阴市瑞丰液压机械有限公司 压块机的释放空间结构
CN110774472A (zh) * 2015-03-23 2020-02-11 下一代回收机有限公司 用于处理塑料熔体的设备以及方法
CN106346734A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2017-01-25 中国化学工业桂林工程有限公司 一种挤出机及其挤出工艺和系统
CN106346734B (zh) * 2016-08-30 2019-07-19 中国化学工业桂林工程有限公司 一种挤出机及其挤出工艺和系统
CN110116489A (zh) * 2019-05-22 2019-08-13 义乌紫英机械科技有限公司 一种塑料制品加工用高频共振熔融挤出机
CN111070630A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-04-28 北京路德永泰环保科技有限公司 双螺杆增程挤压结构
CN111070630B (zh) * 2019-12-30 2022-03-22 北京路德永泰环保科技有限公司 双螺杆增程挤压结构
CN112895373A (zh) * 2020-03-11 2021-06-04 陶怡君 塑料挤出管件的连续成型印花装置
CN112895373B (zh) * 2020-03-11 2023-04-14 惠州东欣泰新材料技术有限公司 塑料挤出管件的连续成型印花装置

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US4897236A (en) 1990-01-30
ATE75655T1 (de) 1992-05-15
JPS6471708A (en) 1989-03-16
EP0305692A2 (de) 1989-03-08
EP0305692B1 (de) 1992-05-06

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