CN103169143A - Amine reduction tobacco curing shed and tobacco curing method thereof - Google Patents
Amine reduction tobacco curing shed and tobacco curing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103169143A CN103169143A CN2013101017838A CN201310101783A CN103169143A CN 103169143 A CN103169143 A CN 103169143A CN 2013101017838 A CN2013101017838 A CN 2013101017838A CN 201310101783 A CN201310101783 A CN 201310101783A CN 103169143 A CN103169143 A CN 103169143A
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 title abstract 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
Disclosed are an amine reduction tobacco curing shed and a tobacco curing method thereof. The amine reduction tobacco curing shed comprises a shed body, wherein at least one set of warming and moisture exhausting circulation system is arranged in the shed body. The at least one set of warming and moisture exhausting circulation system is used for strictly controlling temperature, moisture and atmospheric conditions and the like in a tobacco curing process, tobacco curing environment can be effectively improved, and therefore TSNAs content of cured tobacco is reduced, raw material of high quality is supplied to the cigarette industry, and harm of cigarette to consumers is reduced. The amine reduction tobacco curing shed is simple in structure. The tobacco curing technological operation is convenient. Products obtained with the tobacco curing method are stable in quality and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco leaf modulation technique field, be specifically related to a kind of amine curing shed and air-curing of tobacco leaves method thereof of falling.
Background technology
The modulation of air-curing of tobacco leaves (burley tobaccos, Maryland) is to utilize curing shed, by sunlight and the air of nature, by certain Artificial Control, regulates temperature, the humidity of tobacco leaf in canopy, completes the overall process of tobacco leaf modulation.Tobacco air-curing is divided into usually by the front and back order: wilting, flavescence, browning, dried muscle four-stage.Different natural climate conditions, different humitures, different modulation control methods, different modulating times etc. all will affect outward appearance and the interior quality of tobacco leaf, thereby directly affect tobacco grower's income and cigarette product quality.
Suck that cigarette is harmful has become a undisputable fact.The scientific worker of tobacco business, done a large amount of work on the minimizing cigarette harm, along with going deep into of research, the harmful substance of finding in tobacco is also increasing, inferior pin amine as peculiar in the tobacco of finding (TSNAs) is that a class exists only in the inferior pin of the N-amines in tobacco and flue gas, has in recent years had in the world mechanism to regard as carcinogen, and research at home also is indicated as suspect carcinogen matter, the TSNAs of carcinogenicity does not have safe threshold values, human body is had potential cancer threaten.And in the use of tobacco leaf, domestic foreign cigarette factory also abstains from the high tobacco leaf of Asia pin amine content very much.
Studies have shown that, air-curing of tobacco leaves (burley tobaccos, Maryland), its TSNAs content air-curing of tobacco leaves be far away higher than flue-cured tobacco, as, burley tobaccos exceed more than 25 times than flue-cured tobacco.It is generally acknowledged, do not contain TSNAs in fresh tobacco leaf, it mainly forms in processing, modulation and storage, and the overwhelming majority is to result between modulation period.Enter the front blue or green cigarette of modulation and do not contain TSNAs, this is mainly because in cell, all kinds of materials are effectively kept apart by cell membrane, although tobacco leaf has abundant precursor substance, but they can not converge, thereby can not react generation TSNAs, because moisture content in leaves is lost, cause damaged membrane, the intracellular organic matter outflow, formed the environmental condition that is conducive to for microbial growth and breeding, as temperature, humidity and the anoxic etc. that are fit to, so tobacco leaf finishes to complete browning from changing yellow stage, the TSNAs that this time produces is more.In the production practices of air-curing of tobacco leaves, we find: lower than the tobacco leaf TSNAs content of high altitude localities modulation at the tobacco leaf of low altitude area modulation, this is because of relatively higher than the temperature of low altitude area, thereby has shortened the cause of modulating time.
There are some researches prove: the condition of controlling and adjust the system of drying in the air, evenly ventilated, reduce the formation of anaerobic environment and the accumulation of microbiologic population, when not affecting modulation quality, the time that reduce humidity, increases temperature and shorten drying stage, will change activity and the metaboilic level of various enzymes in the tobacco leaf modulated process, can change microbiologic population, finally reach the accumulation that reduces TSNAs.
In the modulation of tobacco leaf, the technical staff has also carried out many innovations and transformation, although helpful to reducing TSNAs, side effect is also clearly.The one, lay fire tube in barn, act as a fuel to improve refining temperature with coal, bavin, although greatly promoted temperature, shortened modulating time, due to the temperature poor controllability, the distinctive quality and flavor of air-curing of tobacco leaves gets a hard knock; Simultaneously, the modulation facility transformation is loaded down with trivial details, pollution is large, expense is high, the spread difficulty.The 2nd, first shine afterwards and dry in the air, i.e. wilting stage after tobacco leaf picking, tobacco leaf first is placed on ceiling all to be hidden in the solarization canopy that forms with film to surrounding, after making the quick dehydration of tobacco leaf wilting, move into curing shed again and complete flavescence, the modulation in two stages of browning, in the end the dried muscle stage moves into tobacco leaf again the solarization canopy and completes the modulation of quadravalence section.Although shortened like this modulating time, basic guarantee air-curing of tobacco leaves style quality, but increased labor, because the tobacco leaf that moves around has increased the blade percentage of damage, shining barn is all to hide with film the barn (film is disposable basically) that forms from the ceiling to the surrounding, and, excess Temperature large because of the sun easily causes blue or green cigarette and burn sometimes, and having increased simultaneously dries in the air makes originally and white pollution, the canopy area is suitable with the canopy that dries in the air owing to shining, and has taken valuable land resource.As from the foregoing, although these schemes are helpful to reducing TSNAs, side effect is also very obvious.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of amine curing shed that falls, and is simple in structure, easy to operate, little by TSNAs content in the tobacco leaf of this curing shed modulation, and the quality raw materials of low amine are provided for cigarette industry, reduced the harm of cigarette to the consumer.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of amine curing shed that falls, comprise the canopy body, be provided with at least one cover in the canopy body and heat the hydrofuge circulatory system, can a cover be set by the curing shed area of every 30 square metres, described heating in the hydrofuge circulatory system is provided with circulating fan, and the air intake that heats the hydrofuge circulatory system is provided with condenser, outlet air end is provided with ceramic heater, is provided with circulating fan between ceramic heater and condenser; Air inlet and air outlet in condenser are communicated with the canopy external body respectively, and also are provided with the dehumidifying fan at the air inlet place of condenser; Header tank is established in the below of described condenser.
Described condenser is two-sided condenser, and the condensation wing that is provided with of the outside of condenser, and inside is provided with the heat exchange wing.
Describedly heat the north that the hydrofuge circulatory system is installed on the canopy body.
Described circulating fan is the frequency conversion circulating fan.
The described hydrofuge circulatory system that heats also is provided be used to the controller of realizing that automatic temperature-adjusting, humidity are regulated automatically.
Adopt the method for described curing shed air-curing of tobacco leaves, comprise with the next stage:
1) the wilting stage of tobacco leaf: the wilting stage requires rapidly moisture unnecessary in bright leaf to be got rid of, and in hydrofuge circulatory system control canopy body, temperature is 20～25 ℃ by heating, and relative humidity continues 6～8 days lower than 80% ± 2%, makes bright leaf all wilting;
2) tobacco leaf yellowing stage: in hydrofuge circulatory system adjusting canopy body, temperature remains on 20～25 ℃ by heating, relative humidity 65～70%, want timely ventilation dewetting when relative humidity higher than 75%, yellowing stage continues 7～9 days, and the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is reached more than 95%;
3) the tobacco leaf browning stage: regulate the interior temperature of canopy body and remain on 22～26 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 70～75%, when tobacco leaf all becomes reddish yellow, can close ventilating system, promotes the tobacco leaf color brown stain, increases fragrance; The browning stage continues 11～12 days, makes tobacco leaf be become brown or the light brown of uniformity by yellow;
4) the dried muscle stage of tobacco leaf: control the interior temperature of canopy body at 25～28 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 40～50%, continues 11～13 days, till blade and stem stalk drying, and the tobacco leaf that obtains drying.
By traditional air-curing of tobacco leaves method under high temperature (32 " C), high humidity (83%) dry in the air condition processed; can cause tobacco-specific nitrosamine in tobacco leaf (Tobacco.SpccificNitrosamines; TSNAs) increase dozens or even hundreds of times; the TSNAs level can be up to 900 μ g/g, TSNA remarkable integration time is 2～3 weeks after the system of drying in the air; The TSNAs of carcinogenicity does not have secure threshold, and human body is had the potential cancer danger side of body.
Process by falling amine curing shed and above-mentioned steps the tobacco leaf that obtains, TSNAs content is only 90～120 μ g/g, greatly reduces the carcinogenic danger side of body of TSNAs.
Heating the hydrofuge circulatory system and can accurately control temperature, humidity in canopy in the present invention guarantees good ventilation effect, effectively reduces tobacco leaf and produce aminate between modulation period, the injury of reduction tobacco leaf to human body.
Owing to adopting ceramic heater to heat, this shaped material can be modulated needs according to air-curing of tobacco leaves the different temperatures section is set stage by stage; And the temperature in each stage is constant, can guarantee the temperature requirements of air-curing of tobacco leaves modulation different phase, shortens the time of air-curing of tobacco leaves modulating time, especially drying stage, in addition because ceramic heater does not produce naked light; Can not cause burning even there is tobacco leaf fragment to fall in the above yet, safe and reliable.
By adopting circulating fan, make the air in canopy circulate, ventilated, improved the formation of local anaerobic environment in original curing shed and the accumulation of microbiologic population, effectively prevent the generation of aminate.
By adopting condenser, utilize outdoor cold air, heat exchange wing in the condenser casing is constantly lowered the temperature, and then cause the cooling of casing condensed exterior wing; When the air that heats hydrofuge circulatory system air intake in curing shed enters, when contacting with the condensation wing, its temperature will inevitably reduce rapidly, make local hot and humid gas be in humidity relative saturation and even hypersaturated state, thereby in a large amount of dewfall in condensation wing surface, separate out the globule, and afflux is in the water leg of condenser below, go out by row of conduits at last, realize the purpose of dehumidifying in curing shed.Adopt the condensation hydrofuge, solved traditional unfavorable factor of opening curing shed gate open wind hydrofuge and the curing shed temperature being reduced, greatly reduce the content of the Asia pin amine (TSNAs) of air-curing of tobacco leaves.
The present invention has solved the described disadvantage that exists for reducing TSNAs Adopts measure and method of technical background preferably:
1) foundation heats dehumidification system, has solved the situation of meeting a large amount of rotten cigarettes of cloudy weather for several days running between the air-curing of tobacco leaves modulation period, has promoted tobacco leaf total quality level, makes tobacco grower's income that guarantee arranged.
2) provide the quality raw materials of low amine for cigarette industry, reduced the harm of cigarette to the consumer.
3) take hot air circulating system after, can keep the required temperature environment of air-curing of tobacco leaves modulation at overcast and rainy and night, thereby greatly reduce the air-curing of tobacco leaves modulating time, shortened the cycle that the tobacco grower is engaged in leaf tobacco production.
4) adopt temperature, Humidity Automatic Control, in the tobacco leaf modulated process, need not advance the canopy operation, realized that the tobacco grower easily modulates tobacco leaf, to a certain degree solved the problem of rural laborer's deficiency.
5) simple in structurely all can make Anywhere, easy to the transformation of existing curing shed, be convenient to promote on a large scale.
6) this system also can be widely used in baking and banking up with earth and modulating of other agricultural byproducts, and application is broad.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention heats the hydrofuge circulatory system.
Fig. 2 is the interior air circulation schematic diagram of condenser.
Fig. 3 is result of use figure of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, this invention comprises canopy body 1, be provided with at least one cover in the canopy body and heat the hydrofuge circulatory system, described heating is provided with circulating fan 3 in the hydrofuge circulatory system, the air intake that heats the hydrofuge circulatory system is provided with condenser 4, outlet air end is provided with ceramic heater 2, is provided with circulating fan 3 between ceramic heater 2 and condenser 4; Air inlet and air outlets in condenser 4 are communicated with the canopy external body respectively, and also are provided with at the air inlet place of condenser 4 fan 5 that dehumidifies; Header tank is established in the below of described condenser 4.
Described condenser 4 is two-sided condenser, can increase condensation area, increases work efficiency; And the condensation wing 6 that the outside of condenser 4 is provided with, inside is provided with heat exchange wing 7.
Describedly heat the north that the hydrofuge circulatory system is installed on canopy body 1, make the canopy internal-external temperature difference relatively larger, effect on moisture extraction can be better, also can save the energy.
The described hydrofuge circulatory system that heats also is provided be used to the controller of realizing that automatic temperature-adjusting, humidity are regulated automatically.
In Fig. 3 A for make in canopy by the operation that heats the hydrofuge circulatory system form in circulation, be used for controlling and adjusting the condition of the system of drying in the air, evenly ventilated, make in the canopy body everywhere temperature, humidity be consistent; Also can reduce the formation of anaerobic environment and the accumulation of microbiologic population by interior circulation in addition; Shown in B is the outer circulation of canopy body, and namely condenser utilizes outdoor cold air, heat exchange wing in the condenser casing is constantly lowered the temperature, and then cause the cooling of casing condensed exterior wing; Make the interior damp-heat air of canopy in a large amount of dewfall in condensation wing surface, separate out the globule, reach the purpose of dehumidifying.
Embodiment 1:
The method that the amine curing shed carries out air-curing of tobacco leaves falls in employing, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the wilting stage of tobacco leaf: the wilting stage requires rapidly moisture unnecessary in bright leaf to be got rid of, and in hydrofuge circulatory system control canopy body, temperature is 20～22 ℃ by heating, and relative humidity continues 6 days lower than 80%, makes bright leaf all wilting;
2) tobacco leaf yellowing stage: in hydrofuge circulatory system adjusting canopy body, temperature remains on 22～25 ℃ by heating, relative humidity 65%, if relative humidity is wanted timely ventilation dewetting higher than 75%, yellowing stage continues 9 days, and the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is reached more than 95%;
3) the tobacco leaf browning stage: regulate the interior temperature of canopy body and remain on 22～26 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 70～75%, when tobacco leaf all becomes reddish yellow, can close ventilating system, promotes the tobacco leaf color brown stain, increases fragrance; The browning stage continues 11 days, makes tobacco leaf be become the brown of uniformity by yellow;
4) the dried muscle stage of tobacco leaf: control the interior temperature of canopy body at 25～28 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 40～45%, continues 11 days, till blade and stem stalk drying, and the tobacco leaf that obtains drying.
By detecting, the TSNAs content of gained tobacco leaf is 92 μ g/g.
Embodiment 2:
The method that the amine curing shed carries out air-curing of tobacco leaves falls in employing, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the wilting stage of tobacco leaf: the wilting stage requires rapidly moisture unnecessary in bright leaf to be got rid of, and in hydrofuge circulatory system control canopy body, temperature is 22～25 ℃ by heating, and relative humidity continues 8 days lower than 80～82%, makes bright leaf all wilting;
2) tobacco leaf yellowing stage: in hydrofuge circulatory system adjusting canopy body, temperature remains on 20～25 ℃ by heating, relative humidity 68～70%, want timely ventilation dewetting when relative humidity higher than 75%, yellowing stage continues 7 days, and the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is reached more than 95%;
3) the tobacco leaf browning stage: regulate the interior temperature of canopy body and remain on 22～26 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 70～75%, when tobacco leaf all becomes reddish yellow, can close ventilating system, promotes the tobacco leaf color brown stain, increases fragrance; The browning stage continues 12 days, makes tobacco leaf be become brown or the light brown of uniformity by yellow;
4) the dried muscle stage of tobacco leaf: control the interior temperature of canopy body at 25～28 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 45～50%, continues 13 days, till blade and stem stalk drying, and the tobacco leaf that obtains drying.
By detecting, the TSNAs content of gained tobacco leaf is 108 μ g/g.
Embodiment 3:
The method that the amine curing shed carries out air-curing of tobacco leaves falls in employing, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the wilting stage of tobacco leaf: the wilting stage requires rapidly moisture unnecessary in bright leaf to be got rid of, and in hydrofuge circulatory system control canopy body, temperature is 20～25 ℃ by heating, and relative humidity continues 7 days lower than 78-82%, makes bright leaf all wilting;
2) tobacco leaf yellowing stage: in hydrofuge circulatory system adjusting canopy body, temperature remains on 20～25 ℃ by heating, relative humidity 65～70%, want timely ventilation dewetting when relative humidity higher than 75%, yellowing stage continues 8 days, and the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is reached more than 95%;
3) the tobacco leaf browning stage: regulate the interior temperature of canopy body and remain on 22～26 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 70～75%, when tobacco leaf all becomes reddish yellow, can close ventilating system, promotes the tobacco leaf color brown stain, increases fragrance; The browning stage continues 12 days, makes tobacco leaf be become brown or the light brown of uniformity by yellow;
4) the dried muscle stage of tobacco leaf: control the interior temperature of canopy body at 25～28 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 40～50%, continues 12 days, till blade and stem stalk drying, and the tobacco leaf that obtains drying.
By detecting, the TSNAs content of gained tobacco leaf is 118 μ g/g.
Method is made in above gymnastics all can realize by the controller that heats the hydrofuge circulatory system automation adjusting of temperature, humidity.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is fallen the amine curing shed, comprise the canopy body, it is characterized in that: be provided with at least one cover in the canopy body and heat the hydrofuge circulatory system, described heating in the hydrofuge circulatory system is provided with circulating fan, the air intake that heats the hydrofuge circulatory system is provided with condenser, outlet air end is provided with ceramic heater, is provided with circulating fan between ceramic heater and condenser; Air inlet and air outlet in condenser are communicated with the canopy external body respectively, and also are provided with the dehumidifying fan at the air inlet place of condenser; Header tank is established in the below of described condenser.
2. the amine curing shed that falls according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described condenser is two-sided condenser, and the condensation wing that is provided with of the outside of condenser, inside is provided with the heat exchange wing.
3. the amine curing shed that falls according to claim 1 is characterized in that: describedly heat the north that the hydrofuge circulatory system is installed on the canopy body.
4. the amine curing shed that falls according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described circulating fan is the frequency conversion circulating fan.
5. according to claim 1-4 described amine curing sheds that fall is characterized in that: the described hydrofuge circulatory system that heats also is provided be used to the controller of realizing that automatic temperature-adjusting, humidity are regulated automatically.
6. adopt the method for the described curing shed air-curing of tobacco leaves of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that comprising with the next stage:
1) the wilting stage of tobacco leaf: the wilting stage requires rapidly moisture unnecessary in bright leaf to be got rid of, and in hydrofuge circulatory system control canopy body, temperature is 20～25 ℃ by heating, and relative humidity continues 6～8 days lower than 80% ± 2%, makes bright leaf all wilting;
2) tobacco leaf yellowing stage: in hydrofuge circulatory system adjusting canopy body, temperature remains on 20～25 ℃ by heating, relative humidity 65～70%, want timely ventilation dewetting when relative humidity higher than 75%, yellowing stage continues 7～9 days, and the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is reached more than 95%;
3) the tobacco leaf browning stage: regulate the interior temperature of canopy body and remain on 22～26 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 70～75%, when tobacco leaf all becomes reddish yellow, can close ventilating system, promotes the tobacco leaf color brown stain, increases fragrance; The browning stage continues 11～12 days, makes tobacco leaf be become brown or the light brown of uniformity by yellow;
4) the dried muscle stage of tobacco leaf: control the interior temperature of canopy body at 25～28 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at 40～50%, continues 11～13 days, till blade and stem stalk drying, and the tobacco leaf that obtains drying.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104188085A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-12-10 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司长阳营销部 | Dry tobacco leaf rib airing method |
| CN106666806A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-05-17 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Preparation method for tobacco shreds of tablet cigarette |
| CN113558285A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-10-29 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Storage method for reducing TSNAs content of Maryland tobacco in stock |
| CN113854618A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2021-12-31 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Blending method for improving tobacco leaf quality of heating cigarette soil tobacco raw material by manual control |
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| US4192323A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1980-03-11 | Gas-Fired Products, Inc. | Apparatus and method for automatically controlling curing conditions in a tobacco curing barn |
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| CN104188085A (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2014-12-10 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司长阳营销部 | Dry tobacco leaf rib airing method |
| CN104188085B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-04-27 | 湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司 | A kind of dry tobacco rib drying method |
| CN106666806A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-05-17 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Preparation method for tobacco shreds of tablet cigarette |
| CN113558285A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-10-29 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Storage method for reducing TSNAs content of Maryland tobacco in stock |
| CN113854618A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2021-12-31 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Blending method for improving tobacco leaf quality of heating cigarette soil tobacco raw material by manual control |
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