CN103168161A - 用于运行机动车的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于利用混合驱动装置(4)来运行一机动车(2)的方法,所述混合驱动装置具有内燃机(8)和电动机(6),所述内燃机具有喷射装置(10),其中,在一种运行情况下,为了准备所述内燃机(8)的启动,由电动机(6)来提高所述喷射装置(10)中的燃料的压力的水平,在所述运行情况下,所述机动车(2)由电动机(6)驱动并且内燃机(8)是切断的。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于运行具有混合驱动装置的机动车的方法和系统。
背景技术
具有混合驱动装置的机动车包括内燃机和电动机,它们能够相互通过耦接机组被置入作用连接之中,从而所述马达可以相互进行能量交换。
专利文献DE 100 02 132 A1涉及一种用于调节具有共轨喷射装置的柴油机的驱动力矩的方法。在此,为了快速地调节出内燃机的曲柄轴的新的驱动力矩,借助于辅助发动机短时间地输入或取出驱动力矩。为了快速地减小驱动力矩,将喷射过程停止,从而在喷射过程中断期间内燃机的辅助发动机提供所希望的、减小的驱动力矩,并且当压力存储器中的压力被消除直到其对于所需的喷射量或者对于相应的驱动力矩足够低时,喷射过程得以继续。
本发明的公开内容
在该背景下提出了具有独立权利要求的特征的方法和系统。本发明的其它设计方案由从属权利要求和说明书中得出。
在一种实施方式中,轨道压力的构建、并且因此在喷射装置(共轨)的存储器中、通常是压力存储器中的燃料压力的构建在混合动力车辆的电行驶期间进行。在电行驶的情况下,混合动力车辆由电动机驱动。在电行驶期间为了本发明的转换,准备所述混合动力车辆的内燃机的启动,通常是冷启动。
因此,还在混合动力车辆的纯电的冷起步期间,在内燃机的启动愿望被要求之前,使得内燃机由电动机、通常是E机器进行拖曳。在电的冷起步的情况下,所述混合动力车辆纯电地开动,并且通过电机驱动,无需为此启动所述内燃机。但这仅在一定的前提下是可以的。这样,外部温度必须位于可运用的阈值之上,比如0℃或10℃。此外,应满足其它的边界条件,比如HV蓄电池的充电状态、行驶意愿、油门踏板梯度、制动增强压力等等。
在所提到的冷起步的情况下,仅电动机处于运行中,内燃机是切断的。内燃机通过电动机的拖曳一直进行,直到高压泵(HDP)已经将喷射装置中的、通常是喷射装置的存储器中的燃料、例如柴油的压力带到所希望的水平上。如果压力已经达到了所希望的水平,则该压力具有至少一个数值,该数值是对于内燃机的正常运行所需要的。稍后可以在不减速的情况下,通过所构建的足够高的压力进行内燃机的所述启动。
但也可以考虑,所述内燃机在机动车行驶的过程中被切断,并且机动车在一个时间段上仅通过电动机来驱动,在此期间如果燃料的压力在经历过的内燃机切断之后被降低,则可以在实施该方法的情况下将内燃机准备好重新启动。
通常针对第一次冷启动需要特别多的待喷射的燃料量。此外,可能需要较好地准备燃料。为此,燃料必须具有相应高的喷射压力,在此,该喷射压力取决于存储器中的压力大小,且因此取决于轨道压力。这可以意味着,轨道压力在本发明的设计方案中被提高到一个水平上,该水平为了实施第一喷射以及在某些情况下至少另一次紧跟着的喷射是必需的。在此,用于启动过程的喷射压力高于在内燃机的正常的连续运行的情况下的喷射压力。相应地,为了喷射而预设的轨道压力也可以大于在正常的连续运行的情况下的轨道压力。
高压泵(HDP)通常由内燃机、典型地由凸轮轴来驱动。因此,必须在冷启动的情况下完全地进行所述压力的构建,且直到特别高的水平,这在现有技术中只有在旋转的内燃机的情况下才可以进行。在电运行中的冷起步以及在行驶期间内燃机的冷启动在该前提下是无法实现的。基于内燃机的较长的启动时间,这例如会导致急冲,因为没有给出或仅给出不够的驱动力矩。
如果所述压力构建(Druckaufbau)在本发明的范畴中在内燃机的启动意愿之前就已发生,则可以将启动时间减小到最小值。因此,在电行驶期间,内燃机的强有力的冷启动可以在不丧失舒适性的情况下实现。
在冷起步的情况下,机动车的开动在电模式下进行,其中,车辆仅通过电动机或通过电机驱动。为了为内燃机的启动做准备,将内燃机由电动机拖曳。这通常在一运行状态下进行,在该运行状态下对于行驶而言无需或需要很小的力矩、通常是驱动力矩。所述为了压力的调节所构造的、喷射装置的高压泵在该阶段中与至少一个耦接模块连接,并且通过所述至少一个耦接模块进行操控,该耦接模块又通过电动机来进行驱动,用以提高所述存储器(轨道)中的燃料压力。如果压力达到了一阈值,该阈值大于或等于为了内燃机的喷射释放所需要的压力值,该压力值又取决于内燃机的实际温度,则内燃机可以随第一次喷射被启动。之后将电动机和喷射装置之间的、且因此也是电动机和内燃机之间的所述至少一个耦接模块再次断开。所述至少一个耦接模块被构造成耦接机组和/或耦接器。如果例如基于较高的力矩要求,需要启动内燃机,则该启动可以快速地、强有力地以及在尽可能保持不变的边界条件下进行。
如果在构建了压力之后,通常在第一次构建之后,经过了很长的时间都没有出现内燃机的启动意愿,则可以在本发明的设计方案中,通过激活作为泄漏装置的压力调节阀有目的性地在喷射装置内部造成泄漏,以此将构建的轨道压力再次消除。但也可以将内燃机有规律地再次拖曳,用以将压力保持在足够高的水平上。为此可以定义时间间隔,其取决于运行参数,比如压力、随时间的压力变化、温度或者为了改变和/或为构建所述压力所需要的时间。如果这种时间间隔在达到足够高的压力之后已流逝,则可以再次减小所述压力。
在本发明的转换中,一种仅通过电动机驱动的电行驶只有在内燃机的第一次启动、通常是冷启动之后才被释放,且因此当满足一定的条件时,比如在足够高的内燃机温度的情况下和/或一旦内燃机的喷射装置的轨道压力达到了一种运行压力,所述仅通过电动机驱动的电行驶就结束。一旦进行了所述电动机的释放,则也使用内燃机来驱动所述机动车。
所述轨道压力到一种中间水平上的调节是可以实现的,其中该中间水平小于用于内燃机的正常启动、例如冷启动的水平。但一旦存在对于启动的意愿,则压力就可以在较短的时间内从中间水平提高到适合于第一次喷射的水平上。
根据本发明的系统被构造用于实施所介绍的方法的所有步骤。在此,该方法的每个步骤也可以由该系统的每个部件来实施。此外,该系统的功能或该系统的每个部件的功能可以转换成该方法的步骤。此外,该方法的步骤可以作为该系统的至少一个部件的功能或者作为整个系统的功能来实现。
本发明的其它优点和设计方案从说明书和附图中得出。
显而易见,前述的以及下面还将阐述的特征不仅以各个记载的组合、也可以以其它的组合或单独使用,不会脱离本发明的范畴。
附图简短说明
图1 示出了在根据本发明的方法的实施方式的情况下的混合动力车辆的示意图,其具有根据本发明的系统的实施方式。
本发明的具体实施方式
本发明借助于在附图中的实施方式示意性地被示出,并且随后在参考该附图的情况下进行详细说明。
图1示意性地示出了构造成混合动力车辆的机动车2的示意图,其具有一混合驱动装置4,所述混合驱动装置又包括一电动机6和一内燃机8。此外,所述内燃机8包括喷射装置10,其构造用于将燃料在压力下喷入到内燃机8的燃烧室中,从而可以将燃料在燃烧室中点燃。所述喷射装置10包括作为部件的一高压泵12、一用于存储燃料的存储器14以及一作为泄漏装置的压力调节阀16。在内燃机8的常见的运行情况下,通过高压泵12将存储器14内的燃料带入适合于运行的压力上。如果存储器14内的压力过高,则可以通过激活所述压力调节阀16在造成泄漏的情况下将燃料从存储器14中排出,且因此所述压力又被减小。
电动机6和内燃机8能够通过作为混合驱动装置4其他部件的至少一个耦接模块18相互耦接,从而所述至少一个耦接模块18接管在电动机6的至少一个部件和喷射装置10的至少一个部件和/或因此也是内燃机8的至少一个部件之间的耦接的功能。因此,可以通过所述至少一个耦接模块,根据通过所述至少一个耦接模块18提供的在电动机6和内燃机8之间的耦接是断开还是闭合的,在电动机6和内燃机8之间提供相互作用,由此实现了在电动机6和内燃机8之间的驱动力矩和/或能量的交换。
此外,机动车2包括根据本发明的系统20的实施方式,所述系统在图1中同样示意性示出,并且包括一控制设备22。所述控制设备22通过连接装置24与作为混合驱动装置4的部件的电动机6、所述至少一个耦接模块18、内燃机8和具有高压泵12的喷射装置10、存储器14以及压力调节阀16连接起来。通过所述连接装置24,控制设备22可以检测所述混合驱动装置4的所述部件的运行参数,并且还可以监控且因此控制和/或调节所述混合驱动装置4的这些部件的功能。
系统20构造用于以混合驱动装置4运行所述机动车2。在一种运行情况下,控制设备22促使电动机6为了准备内燃机8的启动而提高到所述喷射装置10中的燃料的压力水平上,在所述运行情况下,所述机动车2由电动机6驱动,并且内燃机8是切断的。
所述至少一个耦接模块18为了实施该方法而被接入电动机6和内燃机8之间,从而电动机6与所述至少一个部件、这里是高压泵12连接,并且驱动该部件,其中,通过所述至少一个耦接模块,喷射装置10的所述至少一个部件与电动机6配合作用。
为了实施参照图1阐述的根据本发明的方法的实施方式,所述至少一个耦接模块18可以与内燃机8的凸轮轴或曲柄轴配合作用,且因此驱动该凸轮轴或曲柄轴。为此,将所述至少一个耦接模块18从控制设备22出发以如下方式被加载,且因此被结合,即在所述至少一个耦接模块18和凸轮轴或曲柄轴之间提供一种作用连接。这样获得了,从电动机6出发通过所述至少一个耦接模块18和凸轮轴或曲柄轴来驱动所述喷射装置10的高压泵12,由此又提高了存储器14中的燃料压力。通过这种相互作用还获得了,内燃机10通过电动机6被拖曳。这包含了如下措施,即压力被调节到一水平上,该水平为实施所述内燃机8的启动是需要的。
在该设计方案中,内燃机8在足够高的压力的情况下以及在存在用于实施所述启动的需求的情况下(作为可能的运行参数)被启动。该过程同样可以通过控制设备22来监控。
如果在存在直至启动的已被提高了的压力的情况下经过了一种被定义的和/或需调节的时间间隔,则首先所构建的压力又可以被减小,其中,过高的压力通过喷射装置10的压力调节阀16被消除。在该设计方案中,所述压力可以由控制设备22通过交变地激活所述至少一个耦接模块18和压力调节阀16而被调节到适当的、足够高的中间水平上,该中间水平小于用于内燃机8的正常启动、例如冷启动的水平。但一旦存在对于所述启动的意愿,则可以通过激活所述至少一个耦接模块18在较短的时间内将压力从所述中间水平出发而提高到适合于第一次喷射的水平上。
Claims (10)
1. 用于利用混合驱动装置(4)来运行机动车(2)的方法,所述混合驱动装置具有内燃机(8)和电动机(6),所述内燃机具有喷射装置(10),其中,在一种运行情况下,为了准备所述内燃机(8)的启动,通过电动机(6)来提高所述喷射装置(10)中的燃料的压力的水平,在所述运行情况下机动车(2)由电动机(6)驱动并且内燃机(8)是切断的。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述内燃机(8)被所述电动机(6)拖曳。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述压力被调节到一个水平上,所述水平是为了实施所述内燃机(8)的启动所需要的。
4. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,燃料的压力利用喷射装置(10)的高压泵(12)来进行调节,并且其中所述高压泵(12)通过电动机(6)驱动。
5. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,内燃机(8)的至少一个部件与电动机(6)配合作用,其中,所述至少一个部件通过接入在电动机(6)和内燃机(8)之间的至少一个耦接模块(18)来驱动。
6. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述压力被调节到一个中间水平上,所述中间水平小于用于正常启动或冷启动的水平,其中,一旦存在对于启动的意愿,就将所述压力从中间水平提高到适合于第一次喷射的水平上。
7. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,内燃机(8)在足够高的压力的情况下以及在存在用于实施所述启动的意愿的情况下被启动。
8. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,如果在直至启动一直存在被提高了的压力的情况下一种所定义的时间间隔流逝,则再次减小所述压力。
9. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,燃料的过高的压力通过喷射装置(10)的泄漏装置得以减小。
10. 用于利用混合驱动装置(4)运行机动车(2)的系统,所述混合驱动装置具有内燃机(8)和电动机(6),所述内燃机具有喷射装置(10),其中,所述机动车(2)在一种运行情况下由电动机(6)驱动并且所述内燃机(8)是切断的,其中,所述系统(20)具有控制设备(22),所述控制设备促使为了准备内燃机(8)的启动通过电动机(6)来提高喷射装置(10)中的燃料的压力水平。
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DE102010042600A DE102010042600A1 (de) | 2010-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
PCT/EP2011/066885 WO2012052266A2 (de) | 2010-10-19 | 2011-09-28 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines kraftfahrzeugs |
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DE102015221595A1 (de) | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer Kraftstoffpumpe |
DE102018217106A1 (de) * | 2018-10-05 | 2020-04-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebsvorrichtung eines Hybridfahrzeugs |
US11300045B2 (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2022-04-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for an electrically driven direct injection fuel pump |
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