CN103163054B - A kind of method measuring soil inner macropores structural parameters - Google Patents
A kind of method measuring soil inner macropores structural parameters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103163054B CN103163054B CN201310051344.0A CN201310051344A CN103163054B CN 103163054 B CN103163054 B CN 103163054B CN 201310051344 A CN201310051344 A CN 201310051344A CN 103163054 B CN103163054 B CN 103163054B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- macropore
- water
- cutting ring
- pedotheque
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method measuring soil macropore structural parameters, comprise step: 1) use sampling apparatus at soil sampling ground point sampling, pedotheque is sealed; 2) sampling apparatus and pedotheque are together immersed in the water 12 hours, are then placed in coarse sand 12 hours; 3) the liquid level water filling of level altitude is kept above pedotheque, the time that below record pedotheque, water flows out, speed and the water yield, until the speed that water flows out is steady state value; 4) calculate the macroporous structure parameter of pedotheque, and carry out relation matching with moisture infiltration rate.The method that the present invention proposes, device is simple, keeps determine head, and can manual control head height, and layering soil sampling, the integrality of cutting ring guarantee soil texture, by calculating stratified soil macropore radius and density, and carries out relational expression matching.
Description
Technical field
The analysis that the invention belongs to material measures field, relates in particular to a kind of analysis determining method of soil.
Background technology
The water conservation function of forest ecosystem, to disaster such as minimizing mountain torrents, rubble flow etc., is protected bio-diversity and safeguards ecological safety important role.Forest cover produces material impact by its crown canopy, dry branches and fallen leaves, powerful root system to forest hydrology process.Forest soil is the core area forming forest cover Hydrological Function, and therefore, the moisture dynamic process of forest soil is an important step of understanding forest declining.Soil macropore is the important indicator describing soil physics feature.The interting and rot of root system of plant, the macropore that soil animal is movable, freeze thawing and alternation of wetting and drying effect, chemical process, human activity etc. make Zinc fractions be interconnected.Soil macropore shape has diversity, and, also there is the duct of approximate cylinder in existing crack in irregular shape and crack.Macropore can provide Preferential flow path, soil moisture fully can not be acted on the soil body, and directly enter in deep soil, produces significant impact to the storage or saving of deep carbonate rocks.Soil macropore obviously can promote Infiltration, reduces rainwash, and slope soil macropore is again the main mechanism regulating interflow, and therefore, macropore is for the adjustment important in inhibiting of Eco-hydrological.Still there is dispute about macroporous definition, selects Radulovich etc. to measure macroporous method herein, think that soil macropore refers to the macropore between soil field moisture and saturation moisture content.The research purpose of soil macropore is soil regulation and control, for the loss reducing groundwater contamination, control nutrient and moisture provides technological guidance.
The existence of soil macropore can make soil moisture and solute produce phenomenon of preferentially migrating, and namely produces preferential flow.The existence of preferential flow can make the nutrient in water, salinity flows rapidly to below root district, and nutrient salinity may not necessarily produce a desired effect to supplementing of plant, and this not only can cause agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer application DeGrain, also relates to the problem of water environment pollution.
The current research device also not having quantification to measure soil macropore, and most water levels methods only quantizes soil macropore radius, density etc., the relational expression with macropore radius and density is oozed under failing to propose soil moisture, therefore, this device is based on determining head ring sampler test, layering measures soil macropore, and matching is carried out to soil bacterial diversity moisture and macropore radius and density, set up corresponding relational expression, this can provide new theoretical foundation for the research of soil macropore Water Transport.
Summary of the invention
For the weak point that prior art exists, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of method that quantification measures soil macropore parameter, thus measures macroporous structure.
The concrete technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is:
Measure a method for soil macropore structure, comprise step:
1) use sampling apparatus at soil sampling ground point sampling;
2) sampling apparatus that pedotheque is housed is immersed in the water 12 hours, is then placed in coarse sand 12 hours;
3) fixing liquid level water filling (liquid level of water filling is called head) is kept above pedotheque, the time that below record pedotheque, water flows out, speed and the water yield, until the speed that water flows out is steady state value;
4) calculate the macroporous structure parameter of pedotheque, and carry out relation matching with moisture infiltration rate.
Described coarse sand is just passable with the coarse sand under outdoor normal temperature.
Wherein, the sampling apparatus in described step 1) is the sampling apparatus of regular geometric shapes.Regular geometric shapes comprises rectangle, square, circle, and volume is easy to calculate.Be preferably ring-type sampling apparatus, conventional is cutting ring (also known as ring-type sampling thief).Sampling apparatus be one hollow, sampling in hollow device, fill soil sample exactly
Wherein, described sampling apparatus comprises upper and lower two lids, and one of them lid is porose; Before sampling, in porose lid, place filter paper; Cover lid after sampling.Time under water, lid is covered with, and immersed depth is exactly the edge to cutting ring upper cover.Lid above removing before next step (water filling).
Wherein, in described step 1), be at soil sampling place stratified sampling, be divided into the vertical 3-10 layer be connected, every layer thickness generally gets 10-20cm.In order to reduce error, usually adopt 3-5 Duplicate Samples.
Wherein, in described step 3), pedotheque is fixed on water filling in sampling apparatus.
Preferably, in described step 3), be fixed on by pedotheque in sampling apparatus, fix the water filling device that a projection of shape is identical above described sampling apparatus, the water in described water filling device keeps fixing liquid level.
Wherein, in described step 3), the height of liquid level is 2-10cm(head).Be preferably 5cm.
Wherein, in described step 4), structural parameters comprise macroporous quantity, density and radius.Quantity is macropore quantity in pedotheque; Density is macroporous quantity in unit area pedotheque.
After step 4), funtcional relationship between the water yield that matching is flowed out and macroporous structure parameter, obtains the relational expression of infiltration rate and macroporous structure parameter.Matching adopts origin software.
Calculating the formula used is Poiseulle equation:
Q=π r
4Δ p/8 η τ L(1) and basic current equation
Q=Av=π r
2τ L/t(2) simultaneous obtains pore radius calculating formula
r=τL(8η/[tΔp])
1/2（3）
In formula, Q is unit flow (cm
3﹒ s
-1); A is aperture area (cm
2); V is flow velocity (cm ﹒ s
-1); R is pore radius (cm); τ is the ratio of current Actual path and earth pillar length, and scope is between 1.1-1.2; L is soil sample length (cm); η is the coefficient of viscosity (coefficient of viscosity under experiment water temperature) (the g ﹒ cm of water
-1﹒ s
-2); △ P is pressure head (cm); T is the time (s) of clocking from adding water for the first time.The scope of τ is between 1.1-1.2, and according to the breakthrough curve of complete water, when namely starting, τ is 1.1, is 1.2 when current reach stable, can set up the linear relationship of τ and time according to these 2, determines the τ value that random time is corresponding.Observe random time water discharge, (3) formula of utilization calculates corresponding pore radius, and divide aperture ranges by between two pore radiuses according to certain interval, its calculated value is then the mean value of scope.
Be Q when being separated out streamflow
otime, suppose that the interstitial surface area in certain aperture is A (cm
2), flow rate is v (cms
-1), then and between flow, there is the relation of (4) formula:
Q
o＝nAv＝nπ
2τL/t（4）
Calculate the macropore quantity n of different pore size scope thus.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The method that the present invention proposes, device is simple, keeps determining head, and can manual control head height; Layering soil sampling makes that sampling point is more, soil is more representative, fit correlation is more reliable; Cutting ring ensures the integrality of soil texture, by calculating stratified soil macropore radius and density, and carries out relational expression matching.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is in method of the present invention, the installation drawing of priming steps.In figure, 1 is water filling device, and 2 is cutting ring, and 3 is support, and 4 is funnel, and 5 is beaker.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Study area is positioned at National forest park, vulture peak, is located in Northwest Beijing suburb.Geographic coordinate is east longitude 116 ° 28 ', north latitude 39 ° 54 '.Park area 811.173hm
2, most High aititude 1153m.Sample is in the place of height above sea level 100m-400m, select 5 sampled points (sampled point basal conditions is in table 1), select the sample ground of prosthetic interference, use diameter 7cm, the cutting ring of high 10cm gathers pedotheque in sampling site layering (0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30-40cm, 40-50cm), and every layer arranges 3 repetitions.Cutting ring has upper and lower two lids, and lid is below porose, and the inside is lined with filter paper.Cutting ring upper and lower covers upper cover after sampling.
The cutting ring undisturbed soil of collection is put into tank, the lid above immersed depth to cutting ring, leave standstill 12 hours, make it fully absorb water, to reach capacity.Afterwards saturated cutting ring soil sample is put in coarse sand and leaves standstill 12 hours, make it release water and reach field moisture
Why to soak 12 hours, want soil fully to absorb water the water cut that reaches capacity, releasing water 12 hours is want soil to be released by gravity water, the state of soil conservation field moisture (in general, 12 hours, soil is enough to gravity water to be released), so just meet macroporous definition in present patent application literary composition.Under soil moisture, milliosmolarity is the water yield in test unit in beaker.
As Fig. 1, cutting ring 2 is removed lid above, top female connector diameter 7cm, high 5cm cutting ring (water filling device 1), clings at interface adhesive tape, prevents from leaking.A funnel 4 placed by support 3, at cutting ring 2 times placement beakers 5, by funnel 4 water receiving.To high 5cm cutting ring (water filling device 1) interior pouring, keep 5cm liquid level (head), when topped up with water is to 5cm liquid level, start timing, when pedotheque bottom there are flowing out, writing time, and collected outflow every 20 seconds, measure volume, until water flow reach stable till (speed that water flows out reaches steady state value).
Each height above sea level gets 15 various kinds, but every layer is got 3 samples (repetition), is different between layers, does not carry out mean value computation, only has three samples of same layer to carry out mean value computation.Each sample is in the injecting process, within every 20 seconds, collect outflow, measure volume, obtain soil moisture infiltration rate, by the computing method of Poiseulle equation Bound moisture flow equation, calculate the macropore radius corresponding to a certain infiltration rate and density, the sample of every one deck can obtain multipair such relation.
The infiltration rate calculated according to tested number and the macropore radius of correspondence and density, carry out quantitative relationship matching to infiltration rate and macroporous structure.Independent variable and dependent variable input in origin software for calculation, and matching obtains functional relation.
Table 1 sampled point basal conditions
| Numbering | Height above sea level m | Position, slope | The Main Types of Vegetation | Litter thickness cm |
| 1 | 90 | Descending | Dwarf forms draft | 0.0 |
| 2 | 110 | Go up a slope | Dwarf forms draft and shrubbery | 0.0 |
| 3 | 230 | Go up a slope | Acer truncatum, arbor-vitae | 2.0-4.0 |
| 4 | 300 | Descending | Acer truncatum | 1.0 |
| 5 | 310 | Go up a slope | Acer truncatum | 1.0 |
By carrying out quantitative relationship to Jiu Feng district, Beijing soil macropore structure and infiltration rate, find that soil moisture infiltration rate (soil reach field moisture after) shows as the functional relation with macropore density, macropore radius, wherein infiltration rate becomes logarithmic relationship with macropore density, with macropore radius exponentially relation, in table 2.
The relation of table 2 soil bacterial diversity moisture and macroporous structure
| Sample ground type | Fit correlation formula | R 2 |
| Sample ground 1 | Y=0.00629×Ln(x 1)+0.06677×EXP(x 2)-0.1203 | 0.722 |
| Sample ground 2 | Y=0.00502×Ln(x 1)+0.0834×EXP(x 2)-0.1353 | 0.927 |
| Sample ground 3 | Y=0.00658×Ln(x 1)+0.0886×EXP(x 2)-0.1521 | 0.641 |
| Sample ground 4 | Y=0.00698×Ln(x 1)+0.0813×EXP(x 2)-0.1472 | 0.823 |
| Sample ground 5 | Y=0.01526×L(x 1)+0.16055×EXP(x 2)-0.3004 | 0.907 |
| All sample ground | y=0.01027×Ln(x1)+0.11554×EXP(x 2)-0.2121 | 0.668 |
Note: x in formula
1represent macropore density, x
2represent macropore radius, y represents infiltration rate cm
3s
-1.
Above assay method is also applicable to the soil of other environmental baselines, and draws fit correlation.For the soil of same geologic condition, its mathematical relation is similar to, and therefore, by method of the present invention, for the relation that the matching of different geological conditions soil obtains, has directive significance to the migration of soil preferential flow research, pollution by pesticides improvement etc.
Embodiment that is disclosed or that require can make or implement in the scope being no more than existing disclosed laboratory facilities above.All products described by the preferred embodiment of the present invention and/or method, refer to expressly those do not violate concept of the present invention, scope and spirit may be used for this product and/or experimental technique and following step.To all changes and the improvement of technological means in described technique, all belong to concept, the scope and spirit of the claims in the present invention definition.
Claims (1)
1. measure a method for soil inner macropores structural parameters, comprise step:
Study area is positioned at National forest park, vulture peak, is located in Northwest Beijing suburb, and geographic coordinate is east longitude 116 ° 28 ', north latitude 39 ° 54 ', park area 811.173hm
2, most High aititude 1153m, sample, in the place of height above sea level 100m-400m, selects 5 sampled points, and sampled point situation is:
Wherein, height above sea level unit is m, and litter thickness unit is cm,
Select the sample ground of prosthetic interference, use diameter 7cm, the cutting ring of high 10cm is layered as 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30-40cm, 40-50cm at sampling site, gather pedotheque, every layer arranges 3 repetitions, and cutting ring has upper and lower two lids, and lid is below porose, the inside is lined with filter paper, cutting ring upper and lower covers upper cover after sampling;
The cutting ring undisturbed soil of collection is put into tank, the lid above immersed depth to cutting ring, leave standstill 12 hours, make it fully absorb water, to reach capacity; Afterwards saturated cutting ring soil sample is put in coarse sand and leaves standstill 12 hours, make it release water and reach field moisture; Wherein, under soil moisture, milliosmolarity is the water yield in test unit in beaker;
Cutting ring (2) is removed lid above, top female connector diameter 7cm, high 5cm cutting ring, namely water filling device (1), clings at interface adhesive tape, prevents from leaking; The upper placement funnel (4) of support (3), places beaker (5), by funnel (4) water receiving under cutting ring (2); Pouring in high 5cm cutting ring, keeps 5cm liquid level, when topped up with water is to 5cm liquid level, starts timing, when pedotheque bottom there are flowing out, writing time, and collected outflow every 20 seconds, measures volume, until water flow reach stable till;
Each height above sea level gets 15 samples, but every layer is got 3 samples repetitions, is different between layers, does not carry out mean value computation, only have three samples of same layer to carry out mean value computation; Each sample is in the injecting process, within every 20 seconds, collect outflow, measure volume, obtain soil moisture infiltration rate, by the computing method of Poiseulle equation Bound moisture flow equation, calculate the macropore radius corresponding to a certain infiltration rate and density, the sample of every one deck can obtain multipair such relation;
The infiltration rate calculated according to tested number and the macropore radius of correspondence and density, carry out quantitative relationship matching to infiltration rate and macroporous structure, and in independent variable and dependent variable input origin software for calculation, matching obtains functional relation,
By carrying out quantitative relationship to Jiu Feng district, Beijing soil macropore structure and infiltration rate, find soil moisture infiltration rate, namely after soil reaches field moisture, show as the functional relation with macropore density, macropore radius, wherein infiltration rate becomes logarithmic relationship with macropore density, with macropore radius exponentially relation, the relation of soil bacterial diversity moisture and macroporous structure is as follows:
X in formula
1represent macropore density, x
2represent macropore radius, y represents infiltration rate, and unit is cm
3s
-1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310051344.0A CN103163054B (en) | 2013-02-16 | 2013-02-16 | A kind of method measuring soil inner macropores structural parameters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310051344.0A CN103163054B (en) | 2013-02-16 | 2013-02-16 | A kind of method measuring soil inner macropores structural parameters |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103163054A CN103163054A (en) | 2013-06-19 |
| CN103163054B true CN103163054B (en) | 2016-04-06 |
Family
ID=48586320
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310051344.0A Active CN103163054B (en) | 2013-02-16 | 2013-02-16 | A kind of method measuring soil inner macropores structural parameters |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103163054B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105136648B (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-09-08 | 江西理工大学 | Soil effective aperture and its method for testing of distributed constant |
| CN105557249B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-11-13 | 天津泰达盐碱地绿化研究中心有限公司 | A method of enhancing urban green space water infiltration ability |
| CN105409695B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-07-06 | 天津泰达盐碱地绿化研究中心有限公司 | A kind of method for improving urban green space water infiltration rate |
| CN105557458B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-11-13 | 天津泰达盐碱地绿化研究中心有限公司 | Enhance the method for urban green space water infiltration ability using plantation potato |
| CN106383065A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-02-08 | 贵州大学 | Device and method for determining field moisture capacity of soil with different particle sizes indoors |
| CN106404593A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-02-15 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Plant leaf scale transpiration measurement device and measurement method thereof |
| CN107314963A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-11-03 | 青海大学 | Portable soil water-holding capacity and permeability in-situ test easy device and its method of testing |
| CN107560965A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-09 | 贵州大学 | The hydro-physical property measure support and its assay method of a kind of forest soil |
| CN107807083A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-03-16 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of infiltrative method of testing of silicon rubber and its test device |
| CN107941305B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-10-18 | 山东大学 | A kind of drowned flow artificial wet land water level gauge and its detection method |
| CN107843540B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2020-03-20 | 贵州大学 | Dual-purpose support for measuring water physical property and percolation rate of forest soil and measuring method |
| CN107991218A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-04 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | A kind of column hidden pipe filtrate laboratory apparatus and its experimental method |
| CN109297879B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-10-02 | 北京林业大学 | Solution diffusion simulation device and method for soil priority flow area and matrix flow area |
| CN110108603A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-09 | 河海大学 | A kind of experimental rig and method measuring multi-layered Soils particle migration amount |
| CN112362529A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-12 | 安徽省皖北煤电集团有限责任公司 | Soil volume weight determination method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4311032A1 (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1993-10-21 | Juergen Dipl Phys Dr Re Punzel | Double ring tension infiltration measuring device for determining hydraulic conductivity of soil in field - has infiltration system connected to water supply system and is divided into two separate complete concentric infiltration chambers |
| CN201425575Y (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2010-03-17 | 清华大学 | Equipment for directly measuring hydraulic parameters of solid waste |
-
2013
- 2013-02-16 CN CN201310051344.0A patent/CN103163054B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "六盘山北侧不同立地土壤的蓄水性能和渗透性研究";刘建立等;《水土保持研究》;20090630;第16卷(第3期);第61-64页 * |
| "水及溶质在有大孔隙的土壤中运移机制研究";冯杰;《中国优秀博硕学位论文全文数据库（博士） 农业科技辑》;20020615(第01期);第7-8页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103163054A (en) | 2013-06-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103163054B (en) | A kind of method measuring soil inner macropores structural parameters | |
| Seiler et al. | Groundwater recharge from run-off, infiltration and percolation | |
| Charbonnier et al. | Aerobic respiration in a high-energy sandy beach | |
| Cheng et al. | Is annual recharge coefficient a valid concept in arid and semi-arid regions? | |
| Van Schaik et al. | The influence of preferential flow on hillslope hydrology in a semi‐arid watershed (in the Spanish Dehesas) | |
| CN103454403A (en) | Soil erosion and nutrient migration simulating device applicable to Karst regions | |
| CN104007248A (en) | Method for constructing water and soil erosion coupling model in karst region and application thereof | |
| CN113252876B (en) | Rock-soil mass slope surface water movement simulation device with root stone structure and experiment method | |
| Abuduwaili et al. | Spatial distribution of soil moisture, salinity and organic matter in Manas River watershed, Xinjiang, China | |
| Canora et al. | Variation of infiltration rate through karstic surfaces due to land use changes: A case study in Murgia (SE-Italy) | |
| Horel et al. | Transport of iodide in structured clay-loam soil under maize during irrigation experiments analyzed using HYDRUS model | |
| CN103543249A (en) | Experimental device and experimental method used for research of thin film water migration laws | |
| CN102353623A (en) | Farmland plow pan soil infiltration performance measuring device and method | |
| Massman et al. | CO2 flux through a Wyoming seasonal snowpack: diffusional and pressure pumping effects | |
| Miyazaki et al. | Shallow groundwater dynamics controlled by Lisse and reverse Wieringermeer effects | |
| Iwata et al. | Water and nitrate movements in an agricultural field with different soil frost depths: field experiments and numerical simulation | |
| Clymans et al. | Temporal dynamics of bio-available Si fluxes in a temperate forested catchment (Meerdaal forest, Belgium) | |
| Taucer et al. | Large-scale rainfall simulation experiments on juniper rangelands | |
| Zupanc et al. | Determination of water balance components with high precision weighing lysimeter in Kleče | |
| Narasimhan | Hydrological cycle and water budgets | |
| Gaillot et al. | Analysis of seasonal variation in the hydrological behaviour of a field combining surface and tile drainage | |
| Wickel et al. | Stormflow generation in two headwater catchments in eastern Amazonia, Brazil | |
| Ye et al. | Dynamic simulations of the late MIS 3 transgressions in the East China Sea and southern Yellow Sea, China | |
| Adindu et al. | Characterization of infiltration capacities of the soils of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike-Nigeria | |
| Clausen | Introduction to Water Resources |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |