CN103162285A - 降低蒸汽发生器壁管中氧含量的方法 - Google Patents

降低蒸汽发生器壁管中氧含量的方法 Download PDF

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CN103162285A
CN103162285A CN2012105519307A CN201210551930A CN103162285A CN 103162285 A CN103162285 A CN 103162285A CN 2012105519307 A CN2012105519307 A CN 2012105519307A CN 201210551930 A CN201210551930 A CN 201210551930A CN 103162285 A CN103162285 A CN 103162285A
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steam
active gas
feed water
pipe
boiler feed
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CN103162285B (zh
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霍斯特·特拉伯哈特
于尔根·米勒
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General Electric Technology GmbH
Mitsubishi Power Europe GmbH
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Hitachi Power Europe GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D5/00Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/025Devices and methods for diminishing corrosion, e.g. by preventing cooling beneath the dew point
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/12Forms of water tubes, e.g. of varying cross-section
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/50Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers for draining or expelling water

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

在使发电站的蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉中、尤其是燃烧含碳燃料的蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉中竖直安装的管壁区或管壁段的管流容积中的氧含量降低的方法中,提供了一种消除或至少减少锅炉用水中的大气氧掺入这一问题的方案,该问题在蒸汽发生器壁的管充入锅炉用水和/或锅炉用水从这些管中排出时出现。该方案通过如下得以实现:在充入锅炉用水或蒸汽前,向管壁区或管段的管中引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物,锅炉用水或由其形成的蒸汽在发电站运行时流过该管,存在于相应管流容积中、尤其是处于大气氧形式的气态氧借此方式被替换;和/或在从相应管流容积中排出锅炉用水或蒸汽期间,引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物,借此方式充入所产生的空的容积。

Description

降低蒸汽发生器壁管中氧含量的方法
技术领域
本发明目的在于使发电站的蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉中、尤其是燃烧含碳燃料的蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉中竖直安装的管壁区或管壁段的管流容积(the flow volume of tubes)中的氧含量降低的方法。
背景技术
在蒸汽发生器壁管的生产中,目前所使用的现代高强度管材料对流过相应管流容积的锅炉用水中增高或过高的氧浓度反应敏感(尤其是以发生应力腐蚀开裂的形式)。因此,锅炉用水的氧含量需根据现行指令、例如相关的VGB指令或相关的ASME(American Society of MechanicalEngineers)指令小心地调整,并随后进行监控并加以维持。然而,当蒸汽发生器充入锅炉用水时、尤其是对于第一次而言,由于当管被充入时仍存在于管流容积中的大气氧被掺入锅炉用水中,锅炉用水中的氧含量可能超过容许含量。尤其是当蒸汽发生器第一次启动时,其结果可能是随后至少在起始时,以锅炉用水中不允许的高氧含量进行操作。
当蒸汽发生器重新启动时也可能出现同样的问题,例如修理后、当存在于管流容积中的锅炉用水在蒸汽发生器关停或停运时被排出的时候。如果用于排出锅炉用水的通流阀(venting valve)在蒸汽发生器关停时打开,当管流容积在水排出期间变空时,空气从外部流入管流容积中。尤其是当蒸汽发生器壁管仍温热时,空气被吸入。随后,空气容积(airvolume)中所含的大气氧可掺入残留在管中的残余锅炉用水中、和/或掺入在重新充入期间适当地引入流容积中的新鲜锅炉用水中,因而再次导致锅炉用水中不期望的高氧浓度,这伴随着由此在管中引发或促进应力腐蚀开裂的风险。
DE 24 00 882A公开了一种夹套式或管式热交换器,所述热交换器具有双壁型芯管和轴向流动环形间隙,所述环形间隙连接至非活性气体源。
US 5,701,829A公开了一种热交换器,该热交换器的壁具有连接至水/蒸汽回路的水冷管。在热交换器的下部安置了用于使水作为冷却介质从水/蒸汽回路流入的管系统。热交换器壁在这一区域具有孔口,通过所述孔口将空气引入热交换器中,并随后在热交换器中引起水的旋转。
US 3,699,903公开了一种发电站的蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉,其中,除含氮空气外,还对燃烧器或炉空间供应纯氧作为氧化剂。
US 1,976,462A也公开了一种蒸汽发生器,其中,管壁由闭管部分形成,流入该闭管部分中的液体吸收气体空间中的热量,并且当流经热交换器时将热量排出至在热交换器中流动的液体中。
发明内容
因此,本发明基于如下目的:提供一种消除或至少减少锅炉用水中大气氧掺入问题的方案,所述问题在蒸汽发生器壁管充入锅炉用水时和/或在锅炉用水从这些管中排出时出现。
在更详细地介绍的指定类型的方法中,根据本发明,这一目的通过如下得以实现:在锅炉用水或蒸汽充入蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉前,向蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉的管壁区或管段的管中引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物,锅炉用水或由其形成的蒸汽在发电站运行时流过该管,存在于相应管流容积中、尤其是处于大气氧形式的气态氧借此方式被替换;和/或在从蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉的相应管流容积中排出锅炉用水或蒸汽期间,引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物,借此方式充入所产生的空的流容积(free flow volume)。
具体实施方式
因此,根据本发明,对于当管被充入时充入有大气氧的流容积、和/或在蒸汽发生器壁管的流容积中的锅炉用水排出期间形成的空的容积,充入在这一时间点于各种情况下引入管中的惰性气体或惰性气体混合物。当对蒸汽发生器充入锅炉用水时,非活性气体或非活性气体混合物代替相应管流容积中的空气,保护这些管并因此保护蒸汽发生器壁免于应力腐蚀开裂(否则大气氧掺入锅炉用水中可引发应力腐蚀开裂)。类似地,当蒸汽发生器关停并且锅炉用水排出时,将非活性气体或非活性气体混合物引入在锅炉用水排出期间于管中在各种情况下形成的空的流容积中。在这种情况下,也无大气氧引入至管流容积中,否则大气氧可能掺入锅炉用水中。同样,所引入的非活性气体容积防止大气氧与管内壁的反应,否则所述反应有可能在蒸汽发生器的停止期内发生。
特别地,将非活性气体或非活性气体混合物用作所述非活性气体或非活性气体混合物,因此在改进的实施方式中,本发明提供了在各种情况下引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物。在这种情况下,特别优选使用氮气作为非活性气体。
在便利的改进实施方式中,本发明提供了当将锅炉用水或蒸汽从相应管流容积中排出时,防止空气的流入或后续流动。
当蒸汽发生器关停时,在进行从相应的管流容积中排出锅炉用水或蒸汽时,使用本发明所述方法是特别有利的。否则,将大气氧吸入管流容积中极其危险。
根据本发明进一步改进的实施方式,如果管内的空的容积被非活性气体或非活性气体混合物完全充满,是特别方便且有利的,所述空的容积在用锅炉用水或蒸汽充入管之前存在、和/或当将锅炉用水或蒸汽从管中排出时产生。
此外,为了简化将非活性气体或非活性气体混合物向管中的引入,本发明还以具有尤其是增高气压的气体囊(gas cushion)形式提供非活性气体或非活性气体混合物。
在这种情况下,按照本发明的拓展实施方式,如果将管以流体输导的流动方式与非活性气体囊连接,引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物也是有利的。
此外,为了防止蒸汽发生器关停且通流阀打开时大气氧渗入管流容积的情形,本发明还提供在通流阀打开的同时引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物。在这种情况下,如果将管和/或通流阀通过连通的通流管道以流体输导的流动方式与非活性气体囊连接,也是方便且有利的。
最后,本发明的区别特征在于将氮气用作非活性气体。
就管壁段或管壁区而言,使用本发明所述方法特别有利,管壁段或管壁区的管由钢T22、T23或T24(ASTM 213标准的标号)之一组成。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于使发电站的蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉中、尤其是燃烧含碳燃料的蒸汽发生器或蒸汽锅炉中竖直安装的管壁区或管壁段的管流容积中的氧含量降低的方法,其特征在于:在充入锅炉用水或蒸汽前,向所述管壁区或管段的管中引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物,锅炉用水或由锅炉用水形成的蒸汽在发电站运行时流过所述管,存在于相应管流容积中、尤其是处于大气氧形式的气态氧借此方式被替换;和/或在从相应管流容积中排出锅炉用水或蒸汽期间,引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物,借此方式充入所产生的空的流容积。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在各种情况下引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物。
3.权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,当将锅炉用水或蒸汽从相应管流容积中排出时,防止空气的流入或后续流动。
4.上述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,当蒸汽发生器关停时,进行从相应管流容积中排出锅炉用水或蒸汽。
5.上述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,管内空的流容积完全充满非活性气体或非活性气体混合物,所述空的流容积在使用锅炉用水或蒸汽充入所述管之前存在和/或当将锅炉用水或蒸汽从所述管中排出时产生。
6.上述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,以具有尤其是增高气压的气体囊形式提供非活性气体或非活性气体混合物。
7.权利要求6中所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述管以流体输导的流动方式与所述非活性气体囊连接。
8.上述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在通流阀打开的同时引入非活性气体或非活性气体混合物。
9.权利要求6-8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述管和/或所述通流阀通过连通的通流管道以流体输导的流动方式与所述非活性气体囊连接。
10.上述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,将氮气用作非活性气体。
CN201210551930.7A 2011-12-19 2012-12-18 降低蒸汽发生器壁管中氧含量的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN103162285B (zh)

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CN103162285B (zh) 2016-12-28
EP2607785B1 (de) 2020-04-08
DE102011056634A1 (de) 2012-05-03
US20130152877A1 (en) 2013-06-20
JP2013127354A (ja) 2013-06-27
SI2607785T1 (sl) 2020-08-31
KR101961954B1 (ko) 2019-03-26
US10378757B2 (en) 2019-08-13
KR20130070531A (ko) 2013-06-27
EP2607785A2 (de) 2013-06-26
JP6070929B2 (ja) 2017-02-01
DE102011056634B4 (de) 2014-02-13
EP2607785A3 (de) 2015-05-20
PL2607785T3 (pl) 2020-09-21

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