CN103161918A - 并联换档变速器 - Google Patents

并联换档变速器 Download PDF

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CN103161918A
CN103161918A CN2012105302899A CN201210530289A CN103161918A CN 103161918 A CN103161918 A CN 103161918A CN 2012105302899 A CN2012105302899 A CN 2012105302899A CN 201210530289 A CN201210530289 A CN 201210530289A CN 103161918 A CN103161918 A CN 103161918A
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friction clutch
clutch
speed changer
power train
friction
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CN103161918B (zh
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H·维特
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/08Serially-arranged clutches interconnecting two shafts only when all the clutches are engaged
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/042Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
    • F16H37/046Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement with an additional planetary gear train, e.g. creep gear, overdrive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F16D2021/0669Hydraulically actuated clutches with two clutch plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/10Clutch systems with a plurality of fluid-actuated clutches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F16H2003/008Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths comprising means for selectively driving countershafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
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    • F16H2200/003Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0052Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising six forward speeds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
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    • F16H3/02Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H3/097Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts the input and output shafts being aligned on the same axis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种机动车传动系,具有一驱动单元和一并联换档变速器,并联换档变速器具有两个分别包含多个可转换的档的子变速器,子变速器分别具有变速器输入轴,它们借助摩擦离合器可以与驱动单元的曲轴连接。为了以大量离散的变速比扩展并联换档变速器并由此减少向摩擦离合器内引入的摩擦,在摩擦离合器之间设置一可借助闭锁离合器转换的总和变速器。

Description

并联换档变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车的传动系,具有一驱动单元和一并联换档变速器,该并联换档变速器具有两个分别包含多个可转换的档的子变速器,子变速器分别具有以变速器输入轴,它们借助一摩擦离合器可以与驱动单元的曲轴连接。
背景技术
例如由EP 1632694A2已知这种传动系。在此驱动单元、例如内燃发动机借助驱动轴如曲轴驱动并联换档变速器。在此并联换档变速器包含两个子变速器,分别具有变速器输入轴,它们借助摩擦离合器与内燃发动机的曲轴连接。每个子变速器包含许多可转换的档,其中在接通档时使子变速器的各变速器输入轴的转矩传递到子变速器的公共的变速器输出轴上。在此分别只一个子变速器借助从属的摩擦离合器与曲轴连接。在两个设置在不同的子变速器上的档之间的接通通过摩擦离合器的交叠运行实现,通过使一个子变速器的闭合的摩擦离合器打开,并且使另一子变速器的摩擦离合器闭合,在该子变速器中已经置入了后面的档。
在此在两个子变速器中设有的档基于其变速比通过变速器的总扩展交替地分配到子变速器上,由此分别借助交叠接通可以向上或向下接通。在此已经证实在干式运行的摩擦离合器中不利的是,在由于经济的原因和结构空间的原因限制档数量并因此更大的档分级时,摩擦离合器的摩擦功在交叠接通期间是大的。在给定的结构空间中传递容量随着相应地优先保持的摩擦储备相应地减小,由此在具有更高要传递转矩的传动系中更不适合于使用具有干式驱动的摩擦离合器的并联换档变速器。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是有利地改进具有并联换档变速器的传动系,该传动系具有干式或湿式摩擦离合器,具有减小的摩擦功并因此具有更高的可传递功率以及提高行驶舒适性,并且通过提高有效档的数量降低消耗。
该目的通过一种机动车的传动系实现,所述传动系具有一驱动单元和一并联换档变速器,并联换档变速器具有两个分别包含多个可转换的档的子变速器,子变速器分别具有变速器输入轴,它们借助摩擦离合器可以与驱动单元的驱动轴连接,其中在摩擦离合器之间设置一借助闭锁离合器可转换的总和变速器。在此例如由双行星变速器或类似变速器组成的总和变速器可以在由闭锁离合器闭锁的运行中使用。在这种情况下所建议的传动系的功能对应于传统的并联换档变速器的功能,其具有在两个子变速器上有效的档,其中分别只一个档在该子变速器上的摩擦离合器闭合时传递相应的变速器输入轴的转矩到变速器输出轴上。如果闭锁离合器打开,则在总和变速器上产生功率分支以及转矩分支,从而通过两个子变速器在分别置入一个档的情况下转矩通过相应的变速器输入轴传递到变速器输出轴上。在此根据总和变速器的变速比和在子变速器上置入的档的变速比,在两个子变速器上的摩擦离合器闭合时,产生并联换档变速器的另一变速比。这在并联换档变速器中在两个子变速器上各档可供使用的变速比的数量是n的情况下导致2n-1总数量的不同变速比,从而在传动系总扩展保持恒定时相应地减小档分级并由此减小摩擦离合器的摩擦功。通过这种方式在相同地设计摩擦离合器额定功率情况下传动系可以传递大得多的转矩。对于起步过程优选使用闭锁离合器,它经受更高的转换频率,从而已经证实有利的是,闭锁离合器以比两个摩擦离合器更高的热容量构成。
替代地或附加地,可以在承受更高摩擦功率时、例如在使用湿式运行的摩擦离合器时可以增加传动系的总扩展。当然,在闭锁离合器打开情况下并联使用的档的变速比与总和变速器的变速比这样相互协调,使得排除并联换档变速器的锁止。因此所建议的传动系由于所述的优点尤其适合于使用湿式或干式运行的摩擦离合器。
由于闭锁离合器的更高的转换频率可以使其与两个摩擦离合器相比以更高的摩擦功率设计。因此已经证实有利的是,在配有起动档的子变速器的摩擦离合器闭合时借助闭锁离合器实现机动车的起动过程。当然,根据所期望的起动运动在两个子变速器上可以分别设置具有不同变速比的一个或多个起动过程。此外可以以高的加速度或者更高的起动转矩实现起动,其方式是,闭锁离合器以及没有起动档的摩擦离合器(为了闭锁离合器降速)在摩擦离合器闭合情况下一起动档在内燃发动机高速旋转期间或刚高速旋转以后基本同时闭合,从而提供闭锁离合器和摩擦离合器的摩擦功率在起动过程期间使用。
根据传动系的结构可以借助离合器致动器自动地操作摩擦离合器和闭锁离合器,它们电磁地、静液压地通过电驱动的控制缸,气动地或液压地或以类似的方式构成。例如可以使用液压致动器或杠杆致动器和类似设备。闭锁离合器和摩擦离合器可以设计成强制打开的摩擦离合器,它们由离合器致动器拉开或压开,设计成强制闭合的摩擦离合器,它们被压合或拉合。在此已经证实有利的是,出于安全考虑,为了避免并联换档变速器锁止,至少一个摩擦离合器在离合器致动器未操作的状态中打开,其方式例如是,一个摩擦离合器强制闭合地构成,并且另一摩擦离合器强制打开地构成,或者两个摩擦离合器强制闭合地构成。此外出于经济原因可以规定,这样设计摩擦离合器和闭锁离合器,使得在不操作对应的离合器致动器的情况下调节其主运行模式-闭合或打开。例如可以使闭锁离合器强制打开地构成,和/或使闭锁离合器对于子变速器以大变速档(超速传动)强制打开地构成。
摩擦离合器的操作可以分别相互独立操作地构成。在此对于闭锁离合器和两个摩擦离合器需要三个离合器致动器。如果两个摩擦离合器仅仅借助一个离合器致动器操作,则以有利的方式可以设有仅仅两个离合器致动器。在此在离合器致动器的一个操作方向上打开一个摩擦离合器、例如压开或拉开,并且闭合另一摩擦离合器、例如压合或拉合。在另一操作方向上相反地操作这些摩擦离合器。在此摩擦离合器可以与使用情况协调地强制闭合地或强制打开地构成。
在有利的实施例中,总和变速器、闭锁离合器和摩擦离合器可以安置在一个结构单元中。在此中心的对压板可以形成两个用于闭锁离合器和一个摩擦离合器的摩擦面。替代地,可以使总和变速器液压地封罩,例如集成到内燃发动机的发动机壳体中,而摩擦离合器与闭锁离合器形成一个结构单元。
还可以规定,至少一个、优选两个摩擦离合器配有磨损补偿装置,用于补偿摩擦离合器的摩擦衬的摩擦衬磨损。磨损补偿调节装置可以力控制或行程控制地或者借助致动器如电动机从外面在需要时补偿调节地构成,并且例如在不操作离合器致动器期间在需要时补偿调节。在使用唯一一个离合器致动器用于两个摩擦离合器时,在离合器致动器的一个终端位置各操作一个摩擦离合器,另一摩擦离合器对于该离合器致动器而言是无负荷的,由此可以在无负荷状态分别使无负荷的摩擦离合器的补偿调节装置起作用。此外所述闭锁离合器可以配有磨损补偿装置。
在闭锁离合器打开情况下两个摩擦离合器分别只传递总转矩的一部分,在对称的总和变速器中例如约50%的总转矩。在该运行状态中,摩擦离合器没有或者只有微少的滑差。在闭锁离合器闭合并且摩擦离合器之一交叉地打开情况下在保持闭合的摩擦离合器上施加的转矩增加,直到最终总转矩通过该闭合的摩擦离合器传递。在该运行状态中,按照另一有利的实施例在闭合的摩擦离合器上叠加一形状锁合离合器,从而可以以更小的摩擦功率设计摩擦离合器,而且可以传递高的总转矩。当然,可以使一个这样的形状锁合离合器位于两个或仅仅一个摩擦离合器上,并且例如借助同步环或者类似部件实现形状锁合的预同步。
在内燃发动机形式的驱动单元情况下,借助相应的扭转振动脱耦装置有效地消除或者至少减小产生的扭转振动。它们可以是扭转振动减振器、扭转振动消除器如离心力摆或类似部件。例如可以在摩擦离合器的离合器片中设有这些装置。尤其出于舒适原因可以在内燃发动机的曲轴与总和变速器之间设有扭转振动减振器,例如具有或没有离心力摆的分体式飞轮。
所述总和变速器在闭锁离合器闭合情况下被闭锁,从而两个摩擦离合器根据转换状态将转矩分配在并联换档变速器的两个子变速器上。在闭锁离合器的打开状态中,总和变速器附加地在摩擦离合器前面将转矩优选对称地分成两个转矩路径。在此优选对称的变速比,它在闭锁离合器打开情况下使驱动单元的转矩均匀地分配到两个摩擦离合器和相关的子变速器上。因此简化地适用下面的关系式,其中必要时不考虑在总和变速器中调整的变速比:
MMotor=(MTG1+MTG2
其中驱动单元的转矩为MMotor,子变速器TG1和TG2的转矩为MTG1,MTG2
由此得到在摩擦离合器闭合情况下驱动单元的转速nMotor和子变速器TG1和TG2的变速器输入轴GE1,GE2的转速nGE1,nGE2,符合:
nMotor=(nGE1+nGE2)/2
在变速比不对称时在一个子变速器上传递较大的转矩。因此通过使用总和变速器由在每一个子变速器中置入的档产生三个转换状态,它们可以这样相互协调,使得借助总和变速器分别引起一个档,其变速比处于在子变速器中置入的两个档的变速比之间。
在一特别有利的实施例中,所建议的传动系作为混合动力传动系配有电机,它优选位于总和变速器与摩擦离合器之间,从而使配属于该摩擦离合器的子变速器在摩擦离合器闭合情况下直接被电机单独地(电动行驶)或者与驱动单元组合地(加速运行)驱动或者在废热再生模式中驱动电机。在闭锁离合器闭合情况下,第二子变速器与电机同样借助配属于该子变速器的摩擦离合器连接。此外电机可以通过总和变速器必要时减速,并且驱动单元在闭锁离合器闭合情况下直接或以脉冲运行通过电机转子加速后接着闭合的闭锁离合器起动。为了使电机完全与驱动单元脱耦,可以在总和变速器与驱动单元的驱动轴之间设有另一摩擦离合器或者转换离合器如爪式离合器。
为了借助电机起动内燃发动机,至少三种优选的起动方法可供使用。在第一种方法中,两个摩擦离合器打开并且闭锁离合器闭合,从而使内燃发动机例如在电机供电期间从借助脉冲起动的状态中起动。在第二种方法中,在闭锁离合器打开和不带有电机的摩擦离合器闭合时,借助总和变速器的减速功能来起动。在第三种优选由电动行驶实现的方法中,为了电动运行使带有电机的摩擦离合器闭合,并且使另一摩擦离合器以及闭锁离合器打开。为了使内燃发动机在行驶期间起动,使闭锁离合器闭合。
此外一种用于运行该传动系的方法是有利的,其中起动内燃发动机的方式是,在摩擦离合器打开并且闭锁离合器打开并且不带有电机的摩擦离合器闭合情况下向电机供电。除了这种起动方法以外,可以通过拉动(Anreiβen)来起动内燃发动机,其方式是,在与电机连接的摩擦离合器闭合情况下电起动并且通过闭合另一摩擦离合器使内燃发动机加速并起动(angerissen)。此外可以通过惯量利用方法起动内燃发动机,其方式是,使电机在摩擦离合器打开情况下加速并且接着使不与电机连接的摩擦离合器闭合。当然,借助这种结构能够在利用子变速器的档的情况下实现电动行驶。
附图说明
借助在附图1至4中所示的实施例详细解释本发明。附图示出:
图1具有并联换档变速器和前置的总和变速器的传动系的示意图,
图2与图1相比混合构成的传动系的示意图,具有电机,
图3图1的传动系,具有用于闭锁离合器和摩擦离合器的图解操作装置,
图4与图3相比变化的传动系,具有用于两个摩擦离合器的公共操作装置。
具体实施方式
图1以示意图示出传动系1,具有:带驱动轴3的驱动单元2,例如带曲轴的内燃发动机;具有总和变速器4,包括闭锁离合器5、摩擦离合器6,7并具有并联换档变速器8,其包括档I至VI。总和变速器4可以安置在为内燃发动机设置的发动机室的区域中,例如离合器罩内。
传动系1能够以摩擦离合器6,7和闭锁离合器5的三种稳定运行状态运行。在这些运行状态中,总和变速器4上的转矩相应于其齿数比分配并且摩擦离合器6,7传递相应份额到对应的变速器输入轴11,12上。如果在两个子变速器13,14中置入了一个档,则得到一中间档。在第一运行状态,闭锁离合器5打开并且两个摩擦离合器6,7闭合。在第二运行状态,闭锁离合器5闭合,摩擦离合器6打开,而摩擦离合器7闭合。在第三运行状态,相反地,在闭锁离合器5闭合的情况下摩擦离合器6闭合并且摩擦离合器7打开。如果在运行状态二和三中闭锁离合器是5闭合的,并且两个摩擦离合器6,7中只一个摩擦离合器闭合,则配属于打开的摩擦离合器6,7的子变速器13,14无负荷并且可以置入和脱出档位,而施加在闭锁离合器5上的总转矩通过闭合的摩擦离合器7,6和配属于它的子变速器14,13传递。
由运行状态2和3还可以推导出一个非稳定的状态,用于开始并实施换档,其方式是,使闭合的闭锁离合器5部分地打开并且使打开的摩擦离合器6,7交叠地部分闭合。如果闭锁离合器5完全打开并且摩擦离合器6,7完全闭合,则达到第一运行状态。然后可以将闭锁离合器5再闭合并且将摩擦离合器6,7中的一个打开,使得在子变速器13,14中置入的档可保持被置入。
在另一非稳定的、由稳定的运行状态2和3产生的运行状态中,闭锁离合器保持闭合并且在两个摩擦离合器6,7之间发生交叠换挡,用于转换档。由此可实现快速换档,例如在推行工况(Schubbetrieb)中用于借助发电机制动器对机动车制动。
驱动轴3防扭转地接收总和变速器4的输入端,总和变速器在这里构造为行星变速器,但是结构上尤其为了描述对称的功能而可以由变化了的构件构成,总和变速器在摩擦离合器6,7的输入部分9,10上分支。闭锁离合器5在闭合状态下将两个输入部分9,10相互防扭转地连接,使得两个输入部分都与驱动轴3连接并且该传动系相当于传统的、具有驱动单元和后置并联换档变速器、具有两个摩擦离合器的传动系的功能。摩擦离合器在输出端旋转锁合地例如分别借助一离合器片与变速器输入轴11,12连接,其中变速器输入轴11被同心地接收在构造为空心轴的变速器输入轴12内。变速器输入轴11,12分别是并联换档变速器8的子变速器13,14的输入部分并且分别与中间轴15,16啮合。在其它变速器设计中可以省去中间轴并且使变速器输入轴直接构造为中间轴。在中间轴15,16与唯一的变速器输出轴17之间设置了可以由变速器致动器转换的档I至VI,其中,给子变速器13配置了奇数档I,III,V,给子变速器14配置了偶数档II,IV,VI。为了清晰省掉了倒档。变速器输出轴17与消耗器18、例如差速器和/或分支变速器旋转锁合地连接,用于驱动两轮驱动或全轮驱动的车轮。
在闭锁离合器5闭合的情况下,传动系1分别在相应的摩擦离合器6,7和置入的档上通过一个子变速器13,14运行,而另一子变速器14,13的摩擦离合器7,6打开并且已经置入一相应于行驶状况预计的预选档。在此,一种已知的换挡通过交叠地闭合打开的摩擦离合器6,7和打开闭合的摩擦离合器6,7,驱动单元2的转矩不中断牵引力地从一个子变速器13,14变换到另一子变速器13,14实现。此外可以在闭锁离合器闭合的情况下在同一子变速器13,14中实施无负荷转换的换挡,例如在子变速器13上从档V向档III换挡。所建议的并联换档变速器8特别有利地允许附加地在两个子变速器13,14的档的变速比之间实现附加的变速器分级,其方式是,在闭锁离合器5与两个摩擦离合器6,7之一之间实施交叠换挡。
通过打开闭锁离合器5,驱动单元2的转矩分支到两个子变速器13,14上,由此可以在改变设置在子变速器上的档时在变速器输出轴17上调整到其它变速比,该变速比分别在摩擦离合器6,7闭合情况下由子变速器13,14的分变速比结合在那里有效的、置入的档的变速比得出,由此通过增加的可转换的档的数量来划分变速器扩展。通过以各个可转换的变速比之间的更小的转速差来更好地划分变速器扩展,减小了摩擦离合器6,7的摩擦功率,由此可以传递驱动单元2的更大的转矩并由此可以将所建议的传动系1设计用于更大的功率。
闭锁离合器5仅传递驱动单元2的总转矩的由总和变速器4分配的部分转矩,只需按照该部分转矩设计。但是由于闭锁离合器5转换数额多,优选该闭锁离合器按照高的摩擦功率设计。此外该闭锁离合器由于在摩擦离合器6,7闭合而另一摩擦离合器7,6打开时可能有高转速并且由于子变速器13,14中相应的档状况而防破裂地构成。替换地,一个控制单元可以规定闭锁离合器5的转速极限,其方式是,中断摩擦离合器6,7的相应转换和子变速器13,14的档状况或者降低驱动单元2的转速。起动过程优选借助滑转地闭合的闭锁离合器5在配属于具有起动档(例如档I或档II)的子变速器的摩擦离合器闭合的情况下进行。
如果在有利实施例中,传动系1在假设总和变速器4相对于子变速器13,14的变速器输入轴11,12的变速比i=1并且档I至VI的变速比按照下面的表格1的情况下进行设计,则借助所选择的示例根据闭锁离合器5和摩擦离合器6,7的操作由下面的表格2在驱动轴3的不同转速nMotor下得出变速器输出轴17的给定的转速nA和转矩MA
表格1
  档  档I   档II  档III   档IV   档V   档VI
  变速比  6   4  2.8   1.8   1.2   0.9
在下面所示表格2的实施例中表明,借助闭锁离合器5和并联换档变速器8的档I,II,III实现传动系1的5个不同分级。这些分级可以通过使用其余档继续增加。
表格2
  nMotor//1/min   3000   2500   200   2000   1700
  MMotor//Nm   100   100   100   100   100
  闭锁离合器5状态   闭合   打开   闭合   闭合   打开
  nGE1//1/min   3000   2000   2000   2000   2000
  MGE1//Nm   0   50   100   100   50
  摩擦离合器6状态   打开   闭合   闭合   闭合   闭合
  中间轴16的n 1/min   2000   2000   2000   2000   2000
  当前档   II   II   II   II   II
  nGE2//1/min   3000   3000   2000   2000   1400
  MGE2//Nm   100   50   0   0   50
  摩擦离合器7状态   闭合   闭合   打开   打开   闭合
  中间轴15的n 1/min   3000   3000   3000   1400   1400
  当前档   I   I   I   III   III
  变速器中间轴17的n 1/min   500   500   500   500   500
  变速器中间轴17的M//Nm   600   500   400   400   340
图2示出相对于图1的传动系1变化了的混合传动系1a的局部,它与前一传动系不同具有电机19,其转子20在所示实施例中旋转锁合地设置在摩擦离合器7a与总和变速器4a之间。闭锁离合器5a设置在转子20与摩擦离合器6a的输入部分之间。电机19的定子与壳体固定地设置。电机19的布置使得能够实现电动行驶的混合驱动的基本功能、废热利用、电机19支持下的借助驱动单元2a行驶、起动驱动单元(直接或借助脉冲起动)。
电动行驶在闭锁离合器5a打开并且摩擦离合器7a闭合的情况下实现。以相同的方式可以利用废热并且混合驱动地用驱动单元2a如内燃发动机与电机19行驶,例如在加速运行中。通过闭合的摩擦离合器6a可以以相同的方式行驶,如果调节在内燃发动机2a与电机19之间预给定的转速差。在此通过闭合闭锁离合器5驱动单元2a可以提供附加的牵引转矩。在以所建议的传动系1a借助驱动单元2a驱动机动车时,可以在加速运行中接入电机19,并且选择式地直接在摩擦离合器7a闭合情况下或者在摩擦离合器7a打开和闭锁离合器5a闭合并且摩擦离合器6a闭合情况下将转矩传递到后置的未示出的并联换档变速器上。此外驱动单元2a可以借助电机19直接在闭锁离合器5a闭合情况下通过总和变速器4a起动(脉冲起动),其中摩擦离合器6a,7a优选打开。此外闭锁离合器5a可以在初始时是打开的,直到电机19已经达到预给定的转速并且接着通过闭锁离合器5a闭合而起动驱动单元2a。此外可以在摩擦离合器6a,7a的操作过程期间对电机19通电,使得摩擦离合器6a,7a的摩擦功减小,由此总体上在摩擦容量相同的情况下提高使用寿命,或者可以更小地设计摩擦容量,由此可以减小安装空间。
图3以示意图局部地示出传动系1的结构配备,其中,封罩并且在油浴中运行的总和变速器4、闭锁离合器5和摩擦离合器6,7形成结构单元22。在此闭锁离合器5和摩擦离合器6,7的输入部分被接收在公共的离合器笼23内,对压板25防扭转地与离合器笼连接。在此离合器5和摩擦离合器6共有一个公共的对压板24,而摩擦离合器7具有单独的对压板25。摩擦离合器6,7的离合器片26,27形成摩擦离合器6,7的输出部分并且与相应的变速器输入轴11,12旋转锁合地连接。其摩擦衬28,29借助在轴向上可相对于对压板24,25移位的压板30,31夹紧。
在所示实施例中两个摩擦离合器6,7设计成强制闭合的摩擦离合器,它们分别借助操作系统32,33在箭头35,36方向上被压合。闭锁离合器5同样设计成压合的摩擦离合器,它在箭头37方向上被操作系统34接合。在闭合状态下闭锁离合器5使摩擦离合器6,7的对压板24,25防扭转地连接,使得摩擦离合器6,7的输入部分相互牢固连接,而在闭锁离合器5的打开状态下对压板24,25通过总和变速器4相互有效连接。
与图3的传动系1的结构配备不同,图4的局部和示意示出的传动系1b设置有仅两个操作系统33a,34a。在此闭锁离合器5b由操作系统34a操作,在这里作为压合式摩擦离合器在箭头37的方向上接合。由于摩擦离合器6b构造为压合式摩擦离合器并且摩擦离合器7b构造为在相反方向上布置在压合式摩擦离合器,可以设有一个唯一的操作系统33a用于操作,它在双箭头38的方向上交叠地操作两个摩擦离合器6b,7b。为此在操作系统33a的极限位置中分别是一个摩擦离合器完全打开并且另一摩擦离合器完全闭合。通过操作系统33a分别在双箭头38的两个方向中的一个方向上移位,依次地闭合打开的摩擦离合器并且交叠地打开闭合的摩擦离合器。摩擦离合器6b和闭锁离合器5b在所示的实施例中共用对压板24b的摩擦配对方39。
用于补偿两个摩擦离合器6b,7b的摩擦衬的磨损的磨损补偿调节装置有利地可以借助一个唯一的、设置在两个摩擦离合器6b,7b之一上的补偿调节装置实现。为此以通常的方式检测并补偿带有补偿调节装置的摩擦离合器6b,7b上的摩擦衬的磨损。另一摩擦离合器7b,6b的摩擦衬的磨损这样实现:检测操作系统33a的用于操作带有补偿调节装置的摩擦离合器7b,6b的由于磨损而延长的操作行程,并且补偿在该摩擦离合器7b,6b上检测到的磨损。
附图标记列表
1 传动系
1a 传动系
1b 传动系
2 驱动单元
2a 驱动单元
3 驱动轴
4 总和变速器
5 闭锁离合器
6 摩擦离合器
6a 摩擦离合器
6b 摩擦离合器
7 摩擦离合器
7a 摩擦离合器
7b 摩擦离合器
8 并联换档变速器
9 输入部分
10 输入部分
11 变速器输入轴
12 变速器输入轴
13 子变速器
14 子变速器
15 前置轴
16 前置轴
17 变速器输出轴
18 消耗器
19 电机
20 转子
21 定子
22 结构单元
23 离合器笼
24 对压板
24b 对压板
25 对压板
26 离合器片
27 离合器片
28 摩擦衬
29 摩擦衬
30 压板
31 压板
32 操作系统
33 操作系统
33a 操作系统
34 操作系统
34a 操作系统
35 箭头
36 箭头
37 箭头
38 双箭头
39 摩擦配对方
I  档
II 档
III 档
IV 档
V  档
VI 档

Claims (19)

1.机动车的传动系(1,1a,1b),具有一驱动单元(2,2a)和一并联换档变速器(8),该并联换档变速器具有两个分别包含多个可转换的档(I,II,III,IV,V,VI)的子变速器(13,14),这些子变速器各具有一变速器输入轴(11,12),它们可借助摩擦离合器(6,6a,6b,7,7a,7b)与驱动单元(2,2a)的驱动轴(3)连接,其特征在于,在所述摩擦离合器(6,6a,6b,7,7a,7b)之间设置有一可借助闭锁离合器(5,5a,5b)转换的总和变速器(4,4a)。
2.如权利要求1所述的传动系(1,1a),其特征在于,所述摩擦离合器(6,6a,7,7a)可以分别相互独立地操作。
3.如权利要求1所述的传动系(1b),其特征在于,两个所述摩擦离合器(6b,7b)能够以相互交叠地传递转矩的方式被操作。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的传动系(1,1a,1b),其特征在于,能够调节所述摩擦离合器(6,6a,6b,7,7a,7b)和闭锁离合器(5,5a,5b)的三个稳定运行状态,即,闭锁离合器(5,5a,5b)打开和摩擦离合器(6,6a,6b,7,7a,7b)闭合时的第一运行状态,闭锁离合器(5,5a,5b)闭合和第一摩擦离合器(6,6a)打开并且第二摩擦离合器(7,7a,7b)闭合时的第二运行状态以及闭锁离合器(5,5a,5b)闭合和第一摩擦离合器(6,6a)闭合并且第二摩擦离合器(7,7a,7b)打开时的第三运行状态。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的传动系(1,1b),其特征在于,所述摩擦离合器(6,6b)与闭锁离合器(5,5b)形成一结构单元(22)。
6.如权利要求5所述的传动系(1b),其特征在于,所述闭锁离合器(5b)和一摩擦离合器(6b)共有一摩擦配对方(39)。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的传动系(1,1a,1b),其特征在于,所述摩擦离合器(6,6a,6b,7,7a,7b)中的至少一个具有一磨损补偿装置。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的传动系(1b),其特征在于,所述闭锁离合器(5b)具有第一操作系统(34a)并且两个摩擦离合器(6b,7b)具有一公共的第二操作系统(33a)。
9.如权利要求8所述的传动系(1b),其特征在于,在两个借助唯一的操作系统(33a)操作的摩擦离合器(6b,7b)中的一个摩擦离合器的摩擦衬磨损时,在操作系统(33)针对该摩擦离合器(6b,7b)而言完全卸载的情况下进行补偿调节。
10.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的传动系(1,1a,1b),其特征在于,所述摩擦离合器(6,6a,6b,7,7a,7b)中的至少一个在同步之后形状锁合地运行。
11.如权利要求10所述的传动系(1,1a,1b),其特征在于,借助至少一个摩擦离合器(6,6a,6b,7,7a,7b)的越形程
Figure FDA00002557945800021
进行一形状锁合离合器的操作。
12.如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的传动系,其特征在于,在驱动轴与总和变速器之间设置有一扭转振动减振器。
13.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的传动系(1,1a,1b),其特征在于,所述总和变速器(4,4a)具有对称的变速比。
14.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的传动系(1,1a,1b),其特征在于,所述总和变速器由一双行星变速器构成。
15.如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的传动系(1a),其特征在于,为一摩擦离合器(7a)的输入部分有效地配置一电机(19)。
16.如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的传动系,其特征在于,在驱动单元(2,2a)与总和变速器(4)之间设有一摩擦离合器。
17.用于运行如权利要求15所述的传动系(1a)的方法,其特征在于,所述驱动单元(2a)与用于起动驱动单元(2a)的电机(19)或者混合动力行驶借助所述总和变速器(5a)耦合。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,为了电动行驶、起步和/或起动驱动单元,通过所述摩擦离合器(6a,7a)之一将转矩传递到一子变速器上并且通过另一摩擦离合器(7a,6a)和/或通过闭锁离合器(5a)将传递转矩到驱动单元(2a)上。
19.如权利要求17或18所述的方法,其特征在于,参与到转换过程中的摩擦离合器(6a,7a)的摩擦功在转换过程期间借助由电机(19)传递到该摩擦离合器(6a,7a)上的转矩而降低。
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CN104653719A (zh) * 2013-11-25 2015-05-27 现代自动车株式会社 用于车辆的混合动力系
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