CN107709070A - 用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置和具有该驱动装置的机动车 - Google Patents
用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置和具有该驱动装置的机动车 Download PDFInfo
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置,包括主驱动装置(12)、副驱动装置(14)和变速器(16),所述主驱动装置(12)和副驱动装置(14)构造用于单独地或共同地输出到变速器(16)上,所述变速器(16)包括第一输入轴(20)、第二输入轴(24)、输出轴(26)以及切换元件(1、7),所述第一输入轴能与主驱动装置(12)可传动地连接,所述第二输入轴能与副驱动装置(14)可传动地连接,所述变速器(16)具有第一中间轴(34),在该第一中间轴上设有第一固定齿轮(36),并且该第一中间轴能与第一输入轴(20)和第二输入轴(24)可传动地连接,在变速器(16)的第一状态中,第一中间轴(34)的第一固定齿轮(36)的旋转运动通过第一切换元件(7)与输出轴(26)的旋转运动同步耦合,并且在变速器(16)的第二状态中,在第一输入轴(20)上的第一空转齿轮(40)的旋转运动通过第二切换元件(1)与在第一输入轴(20)上的第二空转齿轮(46)的旋转运动同步耦合,其中,在第一输入轴(20)上的第一空转齿轮(40)与输出轴(26)的固定齿轮(44)啮合,并且在第一输入轴(20)上的第二空转齿轮(46)与在第一中间轴(34)上的第一固定齿轮(36)啮合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置。
背景技术
在具有混合动力驱动装置的机动车中已知这样的驱动装置,在其中内燃机作为主驱动装置并且电机作为副驱动装置共同输出到速度变速器的输入轴上;在此有利的是,理论上变速器的所有挡位可在内燃机方面和/或在电机方面使用。
在其它已知的驱动装置中,内燃机作用于第一输入轴并且电机作用于同一变速器的第二输入轴,这在驱动装置的转速范围和挡位的传动比设计方面可以是更有利的。根据现有技术所使用的变速器可以是行星齿轮传动机构、齿轮传动机构或其组合。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于在所需安装空间、传动效率以及在驱动装置共同作用中的功能性方面进一步改进已知的驱动装置。
所述任务通过根据权利要求1所述的、用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置来解决。
在从属权利要求中给出本发明的有利扩展方案和改进方案。
用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置包括主驱动装置、副驱动装置和变速器,所述主驱动装置和副驱动装置设置用于单独地或共同地输出到变速器上,所述变速器包括能与主驱动装置可传动地连接的第一输入轴、能与副驱动装置可传动地连接的第二输入轴和输出轴以及切换元件,所述变速器具有第一中间轴,在该第一中间轴上设有第一固定齿轮并且该第一中间轴可与第一输入轴和第二输入轴可传动地连接。在变速器的第一状态中第一中间轴的第一固定齿轮的旋转运动通过所述切换元件的第一切换元件与输出轴的旋转运动同步耦合,并且在变速器的第二状态中在第一输入轴上的第一空转齿轮的旋转运动通过所述切换元件的第二切换元件与在第一输入轴上的第二空转齿轮的旋转运动同步耦合,在此,在第一输入轴上的第一空转齿轮与输出轴的固定齿轮啮合,并且在第一输入轴上的第二空转齿轮与在第一中间轴上的第一固定齿轮啮合。
术语“固定齿轮”在此表示相应齿轮与相应轴无相对转动地连接,而术语“空转齿轮”是指相应齿轮这样设置在相应轴上,使得其可相对于轴自由旋转,只要该齿轮的旋转运动不借助相应切换元件或相应离合器与所述轴的旋转运动耦合或者说只要该齿轮不借助切换元件或离合器与轴无相对转动地连接。
当空转齿轮和固定齿轮都构造成正齿轮时,第一输入轴、第二输入轴、输出轴和第一中间轴可这样设置,使得它们的旋转轴线彼此平行定向,第一中间轴优选同轴于输出轴设置。在此,第一输入轴、第二输入轴和输出轴的旋转轴线可在垂直于旋转轴线的横截面中形成三角形的顶点。以这种方式可实现驱动装置极为紧凑的结构方式。
在另一种情况下,空转齿轮和/或固定齿轮可构造为锥齿轮。
基于设置第一中间轴和第一切换元件以及第二切换元件,与第一输入轴和第二输入轴并且因此可与主驱动装置和副驱动装置可传动地连接的第一中间轴的旋转运动可直接通过第一切换元件或间接通过第二切换元件传递到输出轴上。
以这种方式,第一中间轴的旋转运动可借助不同的传动比传递到输出轴上,由此可在对于构造为内燃机的主驱动装置大的(对于主驱动装置>5到11)并且对于构造为电机的副驱动装置极为适合的速比范围中实现特别有利的挡位分级,其通过与此相关的、在较大速度范围中主驱动装置的转速降低可在很大程度上实现纯电动车的驾驶体验。
根据一种实施方式,尤其是可在第一输入轴上设置第三空转齿轮,该第三空转齿轮与第一中间轴的第二固定齿轮啮合或者说与之嵌接,并且不仅在变速器的第一状态中而且在变速器的第二状态中在第一输入轴上的第二空转齿轮的旋转运动可与第一输入轴的旋转运动通过所述切换元件的第三切换元件耦合,从而在第一输入轴上的第二空转齿轮与第一输入轴无相对转动地连接,或者在第一输入轴上的第三空转齿轮的旋转运动可与第一输入轴的旋转运动通过所述切换元件的第四切换元件耦合,从而在第一输入轴上的第三空转齿轮与第一输入轴无相对转动地连接。
因此,在该实施方式中第一输入轴的旋转运动可有利地借助不同传动比传递到第一中间轴上。
优选第一切换元件和第二切换元件分别构造为形锁合作用的换挡离合器,第一切换元件和第二切换元件可共同通过唯一的致动器操作,以便在变速器的第一状态和第二状态之间进行切换。
因此,在该实施方式中只需要一个换挡拨叉,以便在变速器的第一状态和第二状态之间进行切换。
此外,第三切换元件和第四切换元件可构造为一个共同的同步双离合器。
因此,在该实施方式中只需要一个换挡拨叉,以便将第一输入轴的第二空转齿轮或第一输入轴的第三空转齿轮与第一输入轴无相对转动地连接。
根据另一种实施方式,变速器可具有第二中间轴,在其上设有固定齿轮,该固定齿轮与第一输入轴的固定齿轮可传动地连接,第一中间轴的旋转运动和第二中间轴的旋转运动可通过所述切换元件的第五切换元件耦合。
在该实施方式中,第一输入轴的旋转运动可借助另一传动比传递到第一中间轴上。借助根据本发明的驱动装置对于主驱动装置尤其是可切换或者说设定总共六个挡位。
优选在此第一中间轴和第二中间轴同轴于输出轴设置,第一中间轴构造为空心轴,第二中间轴至少部分区段地穿过第一中间轴,并且第二中间轴的一个端部支承在输出轴的爪齿上。
在该实施方式中可实现驱动装置特别紧凑的结构方式。
此外,可在所述第二输入轴上设置第一空转齿轮和第二空转齿轮,在第二输入轴上的第一空转齿轮与在输出轴上的固定齿轮啮合或者说与之嵌接,在第二输入轴上的第二空转齿轮与在第一中间轴上的第二固定齿轮啮合或者说与之嵌接,并且变速器具有第六切换元件和第七切换元件,在第二输入轴上的第一空转齿轮的旋转运动可借助第六切换元件与第二输入轴的旋转运动耦合,从而在第二输入轴上的第一空转齿轮与第二输入轴无相对转动地连接,并且在第二输入轴上的第二空转齿轮的旋转运动可借助第七切换元件与第二输入轴的旋转运动耦合,使得在第二输入轴上的第二空转齿轮与第二输入轴无相对转动地连接。
以这种方式,第二输入轴的驱动可直接通过借助第六切换元件的耦合或间接经由第一中间轴通过借助第七切换元件的耦合传递到输出轴上。
在此,第六切换元件和第七切换元件可分别构造为可受载切换的离合器。
特别有利的是,在此可通过在第二输入轴上的两个可受载切换的离合器激活副驱动装置的高达三个挡位。这可在副驱动装置接入中、尤其是在混合动力驱动时、如在增压运行(Boostbetrieb)时通过滑动控制副驱动装置的驱动力矩实现附加自由度。
此外,副驱动装置的第1挡可接入主驱动装置的第1至3挡中,副驱动装置的第3挡可接入主驱动装置的第4至6挡中,并且副驱动装置的第2挡可接入主驱动装置的所有挡位中。
变速器可这样设置,使得其可通过相应切换的切换元件在停车充电模式中运行,在该停车充电模式中第一输入轴输出到第二输入轴上并且没有驱动力矩传递到输出轴上。
在本发明的一种优选扩展方案中,通过相应切换的切换元件可使第一输入轴输出到第二输入轴上且没有驱动力矩传递到输出轴上并且由此提供停车充电功能,借助该停车充电功能也可在需要时在行驶运行之外为机动车牵引电池充电。
在此有利的是,在停车充电功能中通过将第六切换元件切换到接合状态中——在其中在第二输入轴上的第一空转齿轮与第二输入轴无相对转动地连接——可控制机动车的起动运行。因此也可在停车充电功能期间几乎无延迟地通过主驱动装置起动机动车。
在第一输入轴上的第一空转齿轮、在输出轴上的固定齿轮和在第二输入轴上的第一空转齿轮可设置在第一齿轮平面中。
在第一输入轴上的第二空转齿轮和在第一中间轴上的第一固定齿轮可设置在第二齿轮平面中。
在第一输入轴上的第三空转齿轮、在第一中间轴上的第二固定齿轮和在第二输入轴上的第二空转齿轮可设置在第三齿轮平面中。
在第一输入轴上的固定齿轮和在第二中间轴上的固定齿轮可设置在第四齿轮平面中。
在此,主驱动装置的六个挡位中的两个可以是迂回挡位(Windungsgang),其力流分别延伸经过多于一个齿轮平面。所述迂回挡位例如可以是主驱动装置的第5和6挡,但出于效率原因,迂回挡位优选是在机动车行驶运行中较少持续使用的第1和2挡。
驱动装置可这样设置,使得副驱动装置间接通过一个齿轮传动机构输出到第二输入轴上,并且输出轴借助另一齿轮传动机构输出到末端输出轴上。在这种方案中不仅在构件空间布置中而且在传动比设计中都产生附加自由度。
根据一种实施方式,第一输入轴通过分离离合器与主驱动装置连接。
机动车根据一种实施方式包括根据上述实施方式之一所述的驱动装置。
附图说明
下面参考示意性附图详细阐述本发明的一种实施例。在附图中:
图1示出根据一种实施方式的、用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置的框图,该驱动装置包括具有四个齿轮平面的变速器,通过该变速器可在内燃机运行时切换六个挡位并且在电机运行时切换三个挡位;
图2示出一个表格,其示出根据图1的驱动装置在内燃机运行中第1至6挡以及在电机运行中第1至3挡的可切换性;
图3示出驱动装置的在不同挡位中被激活的切换元件的切换矩阵;并且
图4示出在驱动装置的主驱动装置和副驱动装置中的传动级的示例性视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据一种实施方式的、用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置10的框图,在其中构造为内燃机的主驱动装置12和构造为电机的副驱动装置14单独地或共同地输出到一个共同的变速器16上、尤其是共同的速度变速器16上。
内燃机12通过可在耦合状态和解耦状态之间切换的分离离合器18和必要时通过未示出的扭振减消器与变速器16的第一输入轴20连接,在分离离合器18的耦合状态中内燃机12的驱动力矩传递到第一输入轴20上,并且在分离离合器18的解耦状态中内燃机12的驱动力矩不传递到第一输入轴20上。电机14通过正齿轮传动机构22连接到第二输入轴24上。换句话说,电机14通过正齿轮传动机构22输出到第二输入轴24上。在另一种未示出的实施方式中电机14也可直接与第二输入轴24连接。
此外,设置输出轴26作为变速器16的轴向平行的第三轴,该输出轴必要时可通过正齿轮传动机构28作为最终驱动装置(final drive)或者说轴驱动装置与进一步的传动系或机动车的最终输出轴、如车轴差速器可传动地连接。
变速器16(不包括正齿轮传动机构22、28)具有四个齿轮平面或者说齿轮级I、II、III、IV,它们沿第一输入轴20和第二输入轴24的纵向方向彼此间隔开设置并且它们的齿轮如下所述互相嵌接或者说啮合。在此这样设置变速器16,使得借助七个下面要描述的切换元件1-7的相应切换位置可切换或可设定用于主驱动装置12的六个挡位(下面称为VM挡)和用于副驱动装置14的三个挡位(下面称为EM挡)。
第一输入轴20、第二输入轴24和输出轴26的特定空间布置可根据所选择的传动比、尤其是相应齿轮尺寸和结构条件来选择。在此,第一输入轴20、第二输入轴24和输出轴26的旋转轴线可如图1所示平行定向,但它们优选这样设置,使得其不同于图1中的显示在垂直于第一输入轴20、第二输入轴24和输出轴26的旋转轴线或纵向方向的延伸方向的横截面中形成三角形的顶点或至少基本上形成三角形的顶点。
同轴于输出轴26设置轴向连接的第二中间轴30,尤其是第二中间轴30的一个端部可借助设置于输出轴26上的爪齿上支承或者可支承在该爪齿上。在第二中间轴30上设有构造为空心轴的第一中间轴34,第二中间轴30至少部分区段地延伸穿过第一中间轴34,在第二中间轴30上设有固定齿轮32,并且在第一中间轴34或者说空心轴34上设有第一固定齿轮36和第二固定齿轮38。
术语“固定齿轮”在此表示相应齿轮与相应轴无相对转动地连接,而术语“空转齿轮”是指相应齿轮这样设置在相应轴上,使得该齿轮可相对于轴自由旋转,只要该齿轮未借助相应切换元件与轴无相对转动地连接。
各个齿轮平面或齿轮级I至IV如下构造:
齿轮级I包括设置在第一输入轴20上的第一输入轴20的第一空转齿轮40、设置在第二输入轴24上的第二输入轴24的第一空转齿轮42以及设置在输出轴26上的输出轴26的固定齿轮44;
齿轮级II包括位于第一中间轴34或者说空心轴34上的第一固定齿轮36以及设置在第一输入轴20上的第一输入轴20的第二空转齿轮46;
齿轮级III包括设置在第一输入轴20上的第一输入轴20的第三空转齿轮48、设置在第一中间轴34上的第一中间轴34或者说空心轴34的第二固定齿轮38以及设置在第二输入轴24上的第二输入轴24的第二空转齿轮50;并且
最后,齿轮级IV包括设置在第一输入轴20上的第一输入轴20的固定齿轮52和第二中间轴30的固定齿轮32。
所述齿轮如图所示相互嵌接或如图1所示相互啮合,通过相应切换所述切换元件1至7可设定各个VM挡和各个EM挡。
第二切换元件1构造为单作用同步离合器(Einfach-Synchronkupplung),其可在接合状态和断开状态之间切换,在接合状态中第一输入轴20的第一空转齿轮40的旋转运动与第一输入轴20的第二空转齿轮46的旋转运动耦合,而在断开状态中第一输入轴20的第一空转齿轮40与第一输入轴20的第二空转齿轮46解耦。这同样适用于构造为单作用同步离合器的第五切换元件2,其设置在第一中间轴34或者说空心轴34上并且通过该第五切换元件可使第一中间轴34的旋转运动或者说第二中间轴34的第二固定齿轮38的旋转运动与第二中间轴30的固定齿轮32的旋转运动同步耦合。
第七切换元件3和第六切换元件6分别构造为可受载切换的、可在接合状态和断开状态之间切换的离合器、如液压控制的多盘离合器并且设置在第二输入轴24上。
在第六切换元件6的接合状态中,第二输入轴24的第一空转齿轮42的旋转运动与第二输入轴24的旋转运动耦合,而在第六切换元件6的断开状态中,第二输入轴24的第一空转齿轮42的旋转运动与第二输入轴24的旋转运动分离。
在第七切换元件3的接合状态中,第二输入轴24的第二空转齿轮50的旋转运动与第二输入轴24的旋转运动耦合,而在第七切换元件3的断开状态中,第二输入轴24的第二空转齿轮50的旋转运动与第二输入轴24的旋转运动分离。
切换元件4和5由双作用同步离合器构成,通过其从中性位置出发可交替地使齿轮平面II、III中的第一输入轴20的第二空转齿轮46或第三空转齿轮48与第一输入轴20耦合。
尤其是在第三切换元件5的接合状态中,第一输入轴20的第二空转齿轮46的旋转运动与第一输入轴20的旋转运动耦合,而在第三切换元件5的断开状态中,第一输入轴20的第二空转齿轮46的旋转运动与第一输入轴20的旋转运动解耦。
此外,在第四切换元件4的接合状态中,第一输入轴20的第三空转齿轮48的旋转运动与第一输入轴20的旋转运动耦合,而在第四切换元件4的断开状态中,第一输入轴20的第三空转齿轮48的旋转运动与第一输入轴20的旋转运动解耦。
最后,第一切换元件7构造为在可在接合状态和断开状态之间切换的单作用同步离合器,在第一切换元件7的接合状态中,第一中间轴34或者说空心轴34的第一固定齿轮36的旋转运动与输出轴26的固定齿轮44的旋转运动耦合,而在第一切换元件7的断开状态中,第一中间轴34的第一固定齿轮36与输出轴26的固定齿轮44解耦。
第一输入轴20上的、构造为单作用同步离合器的第二切换元件1和第一中间轴34或者说空心轴34上的、构造为单作用同步离合器的第一切换元件7可通过由图1中的虚线54表示的连接共同从中性位置出发在图1的图平面中向左或向右操作,使得仅需借助一个共同的致动器进行一次切换操作,所述致动器例如构造为液压或电动执行元件。尤其是可通过该共同致动器的切换操作在变速器16的第一状态和变速器16的第二状态以及变速器的第三状态之间进行切换:在第一状态中第一中间轴30的第一固定齿轮36的旋转运动通过第一切换元件7与输出轴26的旋转运动同步耦合;在第二状态中第一输入轴20的第一空转齿轮40的旋转运动通过第二切换元件1与第一输入轴20的第二空转齿轮46的旋转运动同步耦合;在第三状态中不仅输出轴26的固定齿轮44的旋转运动与第一中间轴34或者说空心轴34的第一固定齿轮36的旋转运动解耦而且第一输入轴20的第一空转齿轮40的旋转运动也与第一输入轴20的第二空转齿轮46的旋转运动解耦。
基于第一切换元件7和第二切换元件1在变速器16的第三状态中的位置,输出轴26的旋转运动与第一输入轴20的旋转运动解耦。
另外,通过图1中的用虚线54表示的、在第二切换元件1和第一切换元件7之间的连接确保仅第二切换元件1或第一切换元件7可处于接合状态中,而第二切换元件1和第一切换元件7中的另一个则处于断开状态中。因此,在任何挡位中第二切换元件1和第一切换元件7都不能同时处于接合状态中。
通过构造为可受载切换的离合器的切换元件3和6可设定EM1至3挡,在EM2挡中第六切换元件6切换到或者说处于接合状态中,由此,第二输入轴24的第一空转齿轮42的旋转运动与第二中间轴24的旋转运动耦合,并且因此第二输入轴24的扭矩通过第二输入轴24的第一空转齿轮42与输出轴26的固定齿轮44的无相对转动的连接传递到输出轴26上。这具有以下优点:EM2挡可与所有VM1至VM6挡叠加。在叠加时,副驱动装置14的转速根据所选VM挡和主驱动装置12的转速进行调整。
在EM1挡和EM3挡中在第七切换元件3接合或者说可受载切换的离合器3闭合时力流延伸通过齿轮平面III,其它切换元件可相应于根据图3的切换矩阵接合或断开。
图2的矩阵示出EM1至EM3挡中的哪些挡位可与VM1至VM6挡叠加。在此在矩阵中的叉号表示对应于相应列的EM挡可叠加与对应于相应行的VM挡。但矩阵中的空框表示对应于相应列的EM挡不能叠加与对应于相应行的VM挡。
由图2的矩阵可以看出,EM2挡基于通过处于接合状态中的第六切换元件6到达输出轴26的直接力流可接入或者说应用于所有VM1至VM6挡中。
相反,EM1挡仅可接入或者说应用于VM1至VM3挡,而EM3挡仅可接入或者说应用于VM4至VM6挡。
图3示出切换矩阵,在其中切换元件1、2、4、5和7的切换状态根据VM1至VM6挡示出。在矩阵中的相应叉号表示相应切换元件1、2、4、5和7处于接合状态中,而在矩阵中的空框则表示相应切换元件处于断开状态中。
此外,在切换元件3和6的相应列中的括号内的叉号表示第七切换元件3和第六切换元件6之一可处于接合状态中,而第七切换元件3和第六切换元件6中的另一个则处于断开状态中,以便叠加副驱动装置14与主驱动装置12。
由图3所示的矩阵也可知悉变速器16中的相应力流,因此可省略这方面的详细描述。
理论上所有EM1至EM3挡都可接入VM1至VM6挡。但第七切换元件3和第六切换元件6不能同时处于接合状态中。
在图4中以VM标记的曲线表示在VM1至VM6挡中在作为内燃机的主驱动装置12中优选的传动比或传动比范围i,并且在图4中以EM标记的曲线表示在EM1至EM3挡中在作为电机的副驱动装置中优选的传动比或传动比范围i,在此,在VM挡中变速器速比范围可优选为5至尤其是11,而EM挡中的速比范围可约为3至4。
如图4所示,在VM3和VM4挡之间的挡位分级基于剩余传动比如此之小,使得优选设置速比间隔并且在切换操作中相应进行考虑。变速器16实际上只有5个VM挡,它们可有利地更加简单地切换并且具有相对均匀的速比间隔(Stufensprünge)。
通过所描述形式的变速器16也可控制停车充电功能,在其中在没有输出力矩传递到输出轴26的情况下电机14可作为发电机被驱动。
力流在此从构造为内燃机的主驱动装置12经由第一输入轴20和处于接合状态中的、构造为同步离合器的第四切换元件4延伸到齿轮平面III或者说第一输入轴20的第三空转齿轮48、第一中间轴34的第二固定齿轮38、第二输入轴24的第二空转齿轮50,并且从那里经由处于接合状态中的第七切换元件3延伸到构造为电机的副驱动装置14上。
当机动车应在停车充电功能中起动时,这可几乎无延迟地通过将第二输入轴24上的第六切换元件6附加切换到接合状态中来控制,驱动力矩随后通过齿轮平面I传递到输出轴26上。
当分离离合器18处于解耦状态中时,所述驱动装置10可在三个电机挡位EM1至EM3中运行;当分离离合器18处于耦合状态中并且第六切换元件6和第七切换元件3均处于断开状态中时,所述驱动装置可内燃机式在挡位VM1至VM6中运行,或者在混合动力模式中根据图2所示的可切换性和优选根据图3所示的切换矩阵运行。
Claims (17)
1.用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置(10),包括主驱动装置(12)、副驱动装置(14)和变速器(16),所述主驱动装置(12)和副驱动装置(14)构造用于单独地或共同地输出到变速器(16)上,所述变速器(16)包括第一输入轴(20)、第二输入轴(24)、输出轴(26)以及切换元件(1-7),所述第一输入轴能与主驱动装置(12)可传动地连接,所述第二输入轴能与副驱动装置(14)可传动地连接,所述变速器(16)具有第一中间轴(34),在该第一中间轴上设有第一固定齿轮(36),并且该第一中间轴能与第一输入轴(20)和第二输入轴(24)可传动地连接,
在变速器(16)的第一状态中,第一中间轴(34)的第一固定齿轮(36)的旋转运动通过所述切换元件(1-7)中的第一切换元件(7)与输出轴(26)的旋转运动同步耦合,并且
在变速器(16)的第二状态中,在第一输入轴(20)上的第一空转齿轮(40)的旋转运动通过所述切换元件(1-7)的第二切换元件(1)与在第一输入轴(20)上的第二空转齿轮(46)的旋转运动同步耦合,其中,在第一输入轴(20)上的第一空转齿轮(40)与输出轴(26)的固定齿轮(44)啮合,并且在第一输入轴(20)上的第二空转齿轮(46)与在第一中间轴(34)上的第一固定齿轮(36)啮合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置(10),其中,在第一输入轴(20)上设有第三空转齿轮(48),该第三空转齿轮与第一中间轴(34)的第二固定齿轮(38)啮合,并且不仅在变速器(16)的第一状态中而且在变速器(16)的第二状态中,在第一输入轴(20)上的第二空转齿轮(46)的旋转运动与第一输入轴(20)的旋转运动能通过所述切换元件(1-7)的第三切换元件(5)耦合,或者在第一输入轴(20)上的第三空转齿轮(48)的旋转运动与第一输入轴(20)的旋转运动能通过所述切换元件(1-7)的第四切换元件(4)耦合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动装置(10),其中,所述第一切换元件(7)和第二切换元件(1)分别构造为形锁合作用的换挡离合器,并且第一切换元件(7)和第二切换元件(1)能共同通过唯一的致动器被操作,以便在变速器(16)的第一状态和第二状态之间进行切换。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的驱动装置(10),其中,所述第三切换元件(5)和所述第四切换元件(4)构造为一个共同的同步双离合器。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,所述变速器(16)具有第二中间轴(30),在该第二中间轴上设有固定齿轮(32),该固定齿轮与第一输入轴(20)的固定齿轮(52)可传动地连接,第一中间轴(34)的旋转运动和第二中间轴(30)的旋转运动能通过所述切换元件(1-7)的第五切换元件(2)耦合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的驱动装置(10),其中,所述第一中间轴(34)和第二中间轴(30)同轴于输出轴(26)设置,第一中间轴(34)构造为空心轴,第二中间轴(30)穿过第一中间轴(34),并且第二中间轴(30)的一个端部支承在输出轴(26)的爪齿上。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,在所述第二输入轴(24)上设有第一空转齿轮(42)和第二空转齿轮(50),
在第二输入轴(24)上的第一空转齿轮(42)与在输出轴(26)上的固定齿轮(44)啮合,在第二输入轴(24)上的第二空转齿轮(5)与在第一中间轴(34)上的第二固定齿轮(38)啮合,并且
所述变速器(16)具有第六切换元件(6)和第七切换元件(3),在第二输入轴(24)上的第一空转齿轮(42)的旋转运动能借助第六切换元件(6)与第二输入轴(24)的旋转运动耦合,并且在第二输入轴(24)上的第二空转齿轮(50)的旋转运动能借助第七切换元件(3)与第二输入轴(24)的旋转运动耦合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的驱动装置(10),其中,所述第六切换元件(6)和所述第七切换元件(3)分别构造为可受载切换的离合器。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,所述变速器(16)通过相应切换的切换元件(1-7)能在停车充电模式中运行,在该停车充电模式中第一输入轴(20)输出到第二输入轴(24)上并且没有驱动力矩传递到输出轴(26)上。
10.根据权利要求7至9之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,在所述第一输入轴(20)上的第一空转齿轮(40)、在输出轴(26)上的固定齿轮(44)和在第二输入轴(24)上的第一空转齿轮(42)设置在第一齿轮平面(I)中。
11.根据权利要求1至10之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,在所述第一输入轴(20)上的第二空转齿轮(46)和在第一中间轴(34)上的第一固定齿轮(36)设置在第二齿轮平面(II)中。
12.根据权利要求7至11之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,在所述第一输入轴(20)上的第三空转齿轮(48)、在第一中间轴(34)上的第二固定齿轮(38)和在第二输入轴(24)上的第二空转齿轮(50)设置在第三齿轮平面(III)中。
13.根据权利要求7至12之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,在所述第一输入轴(20)上的固定齿轮(52)和在第二中间轴(30)上的固定齿轮(32)设置在第四齿轮平面(IV)中。
14.根据前述权利要求之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,所述驱动装置(10)设置成,使得所述副驱动装置(14)间接通过一个齿轮传动机构(22)输出到第二输入轴(24)上。
15.根据前述权利要求之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,所述输出轴(26)借助另一齿轮传动机构(28)输出到末端输出轴上。
16.根据前述权利要求之一所述的驱动装置(10),其中,所述第一输入轴(20)通过分离离合器(18)与主驱动装置(12)连接。
17.机动车,包括根据权利要求1至16之一所述的驱动装置(10)。
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