CN103161198A - Water storage system with surface layer capable of being used for planting - Google Patents
Water storage system with surface layer capable of being used for planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103161198A CN103161198A CN2011104359984A CN201110435998A CN103161198A CN 103161198 A CN103161198 A CN 103161198A CN 2011104359984 A CN2011104359984 A CN 2011104359984A CN 201110435998 A CN201110435998 A CN 201110435998A CN 103161198 A CN103161198 A CN 103161198A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water collection purification device, in particular to a water storage system with a surface layer capable of being used for planting. The water storage system with the surface layer capable of being used for the planting comprises a water storage container, a water-collecting well and water-permeable padding, wherein the container wall is in a waterproof structure, the well wall is in a waterproof structure and the water-permeable padding fills between the water-collecting well and the water storage container. Collected water is poured into the water storage container through a water pipe, an anti-seepage breathable layer is laid on the upper layer of the water-permeable padding, the anti-seepage breathable layer is formed by anti-seepage breathable granules, pores are formed among the anti-seepage breathable granules, wherein gas molecules can pass through the pores and liquid water molecules cannot penetrate through the pores. According to the water storage system with the surface layer capable of being used for the planting, due to the fact that the anti-seepage breathable layer is arranged on the top surface layer of the water storage container, on the one hand, planting moisture can be prevented from permeating and polluting stored water quality, on the other hand, air permeability of the anti-seepage breathable layer can guarantee the quality of water of the whole water storage system. The water storage system with the surface layer capable of being used for the planting can be effectively applied to water storage of cultivated wetlands.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rainwater-collecting and purifier, be specifically related to the water storage system that a kind of top layer can be used for planting.
Background technology
At present, global energy, water resources shortage, lack of water is local a lot of all over the world, a lot of water-deficient areas, people's drinking water and irrigation water have become the very problem of puzzlement, in order to solve these regional water shortage problems, a lot of areas rely on sink wells to get underground water to satisfy the demand of drinking and irrigating usually.But in view of still comparatively shortage of groundwater resources, and these wells often need to rely on the retainings such as rainwater, river to keep, and water flows directly in well not through filtering, and is not suitable for drinking; Although water can be slightly limpider after long-time heavy collection, but because the down-hole is dead in order to keep the retaining performance need that sidewall is built, its permeability is limited, the long water capacity of time easily fouls, goes bad, and because well is not established fixing well lid, the water of storage can be evaporated.
Chinese patent CN101839009A discloses a kind of multi-well water storage system, and this system comprises: the tank of top opening, the chamber wall of described tank are waterproof construction; Be positioned at the collecting well of tank inside, described collecting well is provided with Waterproof well cover, and the borehole wall is permeable structure, is filled with filler between described collecting well and described tank, be equipped with permeable top layer above filler, described filler comprises fine sand and permeable bead, and described permeable bead has water space, and described collecting well is many mouthfuls, be communicated with by communicating pipe between many mouthfuls of collecting wells, and the top bore of a bite collecting well exposes permeable top layer at least, and is provided with Waterproof well cover.The rainwater that the present invention is collected or sewage, through the filtration on permeable top layer and the sedimentation and filtration of fine sand, obtained purer water, and water is kept in filler or in collecting well, not perishable, smelly, simultaneously, the permeable bead in filler has effectively increased the water storage capacity, and many mouthfuls of collecting wells have satisfied the demand of a large amount of waters.But this water storage system is the permeable top layer of being laid by water-permeable brick or seepy material filler upper strata laying, when this water storage system is built under daily driving road surface, the water bodys such as rainwater on road surface, upper strata can directly see through permeable top layer and infiltrate in packing layer, but it is also inapplicable for the used time of water storage that this water storage system is layed in the plantation underground for needs, permeable top layer can't reach the effect of water storage plantation on the one hand, and the contaminated water in top layer is easy to permeate the ground.
also find in practice of construction simultaneously, capacity limitation in view of general tank, can not beat very dark ground in the bottom of tank as the common buildings construction, only adopt the concrete fragment of brick directly to assemble in practice of construction or directly cast and forming of concrete, so construct more convenient, but pressing close to the soil matrix surface barrier in view of the sidewall of whole tank builds, and near a large amount of sandstones that are filled with of the one side of described tank, close described tank one side stressed excessive that can cause like this waterproof sidewall of tank, therefore and cause and assemble the sidewall that forms and the phenomenon of caving in occurs, had a strong impact on the stability of construction speed and water storage system.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, technical problem to be solved by this invention is water storage system in prior art and is not suitable for the use of the water storage of planting site face, and then the water storage system that provides a kind of top layer to can be used for planting.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the water storage system that top layer of the present invention can be used for planting comprises:
Tank: described tank is arranged at below described plantation wetland, and the chamber wall of described tank is waterproof construction;
Collecting well: it is inner that described collecting well is arranged at described tank, and the borehole wall of described collecting well is permeable structure, is used for storing the water after purifying;
Permeable filler: described filler is filled between described collecting well and described tank, and the current that flow into described tank store through described permeable filler and the described collecting well of final infiltration;
Water inlet pipe: be arranged at the side of described tank, be used for the water of described tank top collection is injected described tank;
Be equipped with impermeable gas-bearing formation above the packing layer of described tank, described impermeable gas-bearing formation is made of impermeable aerated particle, and forming gas molecule between described impermeable aerated particle can pass through and the impervious hole of liquid water molecules.
Described hole is of a size of 0.001-0.3mm, and preferred 0.01-0.2mm.
Impermeable aerated particle of the present invention is identical with disclosed hydrophobic granule definition in Chinese patent CN101838116A, and the component that it is concrete and preparation method are all identical with the disclosed content of this patent.
Described impermeable aerated particle comprises silica sand particle and the lyophobic dust that is coated on described silica sand particle.Described lyophobic dust is the hydrophobic resin film that is coated on described silica sand particle, and described hydrophobic resin film is by one or more films that form in hydrophobicity epoxy resin, phenolic resins, polyurethane resin and silicones.
The aperture of the hole between described impermeable aerated particle is 0.001-0.3mm, and that more excellent is 0.01-0.2mm.
Described lyophobic dust in described impermeable aerated particle is the hydrophobic resin film, and the quality of described hydrophobic resin film accounts for 1～8% of silica sand granular mass.Described hydrophobic resin film is by one or more films that form in hydrophobicity epoxy resin, phenolic resins, polyurethane resin and silicones.preferably, described hydrophobicity epoxy resin is the glycidol ether based epoxy resin, the ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin, the glycidol amine epoxy resin, line style aliphatic category epoxy resin, alicyclic based epoxy resin, polysulfide-rubber-modified epoxy, the polyamide modified epoxy, polyvinyl alcohol uncle butyraldehyde modified epoxy, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, the mylar modified epoxy, urine aldehyde melmac modified epoxy, the furfural resin modified epoxy, the vinyl modified epoxy, one or more in isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicones modified epoxy, described hydrophobicity phenolic resins is one or more in dimethylbenzene phenol-formaldehyde resin modified, epoxy resin modification phenolic resins or Effect of Organosilicon-modified Phenol-formaldehyde Resin.
And hydrophobic resin as previously discussed can obtain by following method modification, and concrete method of modifying is:
with epoxy resin, as phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride, with oil-soluble monomer copolymerization, described oil-soluble monomer is: alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, ethylacrylic acid, vinylacetate, allyl acetate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, methyl vinyl ether, methallyl ether, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, acrylic acid dimethylamino propyl ester, acrylic acid lignocaine propyl ester, acrylic acid dimethylamino butyl ester, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, any in diethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Perhaps, also can with the epoxy resin graft modification, form graft polymers; With the hydrophilic radical of epoxy resin, as hydroxyl, react with hydrophobic function monomer, it is connect; Hydrophobic function monomer is: benzaldehyde, alkylbenzaldehyde (a large class) utilizes the reaction of hydroxyl and aldehyde radical.
Perhaps, also epoxy resin can be carried out substitution reaction, under the catalytic reaction of illumination, participate in substitution reaction with chlorine, halogen be received above epoxy resin, to improve hydrophobic performance.
In addition, can add in described hydrophobic resin film has curing compound, and, add different curing compound for different resins, wherein, the selection of curing compound is specific as follows:
for the glycidol ether based epoxy resin, the ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin, the glycidol amine epoxy resin, line style aliphatic category epoxy resin, alicyclic based epoxy resin, polysulfide-rubber-modified epoxy, the polyamide modified epoxy, polyvinyl alcohol uncle butyraldehyde modified epoxy, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, the mylar modified epoxy, urine aldehyde melmac modified epoxy, the furfural resin modified epoxy, the vinyl modified epoxy, isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicones modified epoxy, better curing compound is fatty amine, aliphatic cyclic amine, aromatic amine, polyamide, acid anhydrides, any in tertiary amine or several,
For dimethylbenzene phenol-formaldehyde resin modified, epoxy resin modification phenolic resins or Effect of Organosilicon-modified Phenol-formaldehyde Resin, better curing compound is hexamethylenetetramine;
For organic siliconresin, better curing compound is dibutyl tin dilaurate or N, N, N ', any in a N ' tetramethyl guanidinesalt or several;
For the hydrophobic polyurethane resin, its curing compound is the addition product of toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) TDI and Trimethoprim TMP, the tripolymer of the prepolymer of TDI and hydroxyl component and the agent of one-component moisture solidification, TDI.
For unsaturated polyester (UP) (polymer of terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol), the curing compound that adds during normal temperature is ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate; The curing compound that adds during heating is one or more in peroxidized t-butyl perbenzoate, peroxy dicarbonate, dialkyl peroxide, the own ester of peroxidation acid uncle and bis peroxy dicarbonate.
And described lyophobic dust can also be any one or its combination in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vegetable oil, copper silicon, siloxanes, hydrocarbon and combined polymerization Vingon.Preferably, described hydrocarbon comprises any one or its combination in paraffin, kerosene, diesel oil, crude oil, petroleum distillate, solvent naphtha and aliphatic solvents.
Wherein, described lyophobic dust is for being coated on described silica sand particle, and described lyophobic dust is coated on method on described silica sand particle for spraying, dipping or soaks the silica sand particle applies the silica sand particle with chemistry in the liquid solution of lyophobic dust; Perhaps be coated in the silica sand particle for the thin-film sheet of using hydrophobic material; Perhaps for the silica sand particle with heating is positioned in lyophobic dust, the melting lyophobic dust is to the silica sand particle; Perhaps the mode for plating, plasma spraying, sputter, fluidisation and powder coated is coated to lyophobic dust on the silica sand particle.
Can plant all kinds of plants on described tank.
Described chamber wall is the ventilative wall of the antiseepage that is made of impermeable aerated particle and gas permeable wall bag, described gas permeable wall bag limits flowing of described impermeable aerated particle and forms the border of the ventilative wall of described antiseepage, and forming gas molecule between described impermeable aerated particle can pass through and the impervious hole of liquid water molecules; And pile up the ventilative wall of described antiseepage both sides has permeable filler that the ventilative wall extruding of described antiseepage is fixing.
The ventilative wall of described antiseepage is made of described gas permeable wall bag and filling impermeable aerated particle in the inner.
The ventilative wall of described antiseepage is according to the size Selection suitable dimension of the chamber wall of tank and the gas permeable wall bag of upper end open, and fill the required ventilative wall of antiseepage of impermeable aerated particle formation in described gas permeable wall bag, described gas permeable wall bag limits flowing of described impermeable aerated particle and forms the border of the ventilative wall of described antiseepage, and forming gas molecule between described impermeable aerated particle can pass through and the impervious hole of liquid water molecules; Simultaneously pile up permeable filler particles to the ventilative wall of described antiseepage both sides the ventilative wall extruding of described antiseepage is fixing, and the openend sealing is got final product.
The construction of the ventilative wall of described antiseepage also comprises filling adopts before described impermeable aerated particle two with the suitable rigidity sheet material of described gas permeable wall bag size, described gas permeable wall bag to be supported along its width and short transverse and fix, and by be horizontally set at two brace summers between described rigidity sheet material described gas permeable wall bag is supported along its thickness direction fixing, the step that makes the inner space of described gas permeable wall bag prop up fully.
In the job practices of the ventilative wall of described antiseepage, described impermeable aerated particle is filled in step in described gas permeable wall bag, pile up permeable filler in the both sides of described rigidity sheet material thereupon, and along with the height that constantly lifting promotes described rigidity sheet material gradually of piling up highly of described permeable filler, until described impermeable aerated particle will be filled up in described gas permeable wall bag, and remove described rigidity sheet material.
Also be included in the described impermeable aerated particle of filling in described job practices and before the bottom of described gas permeable wall bag be fixed in the step of described tank bottom.
The thickness of described gas permeable wall bag is 2-10cm, and preferred 3-5cm.
The particle diameter of described impermeable aerated particle and described permeable filler is greater than the fibre gap of described gas permeable wall bag.
Described collecting well is arranged side by side a plurality of, is communicated with by connecting pipe between a plurality of described collecting wells.
The connecting pipe that is communicated with described many mouthfuls of collecting wells is arranged on the bottom of described many mouthfuls of collecting wells.
Described permeable filler comprises fine sand, handstone, haydite and the permeable bead of mixing.
Described permeable bead has hollow structure or cellular structure, and forms water space.
Described permeable bead is spheroid, cylinder or Rotary-table.
In described filler, described permeable bead is alternate tiers row pattern.
The permeable structure of described permeable bead for being made by seepy material perhaps have the flow passage that supplies water and pass through, and the diameter of described flow passage is less than the particle diameter of described fine sand.
The borehole wall of described collecting well perhaps have the flow passage that supplies water and pass through, and the diameter of described flow passage is less than the particle diameter of described permeable filler by the permeable structure for being made by seepy material.
The definition of disclosed seepy material and form identical in seepy material of the present invention and Chinese patent CN101839009A.Described seepy material comprises: silica sand particle and cementing agent, and include at least hydrophilic agglomerant, and the mass percent that cementing agent used accounts for the silica sand particle is no less than 20%.Cementing agent in described cementing agent except hydrophilic agglomerant is resinoid bond.The grain diameter of described silica sand particle is 0.05-2mm.Described hydrophilic agglomerant is the hydrophilic resin cementing agent, more excellent is epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin three's any combination, and the molecular side chain in described epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin contains and contains the non-ionic hydrophilic segment on hydrophily carboxylate, sulfonate, ammonium salt, hydroxyl or main chain.Simultaneously, also be added with aliphatic polyamine or alicyclic polyamine class curing compound in described epoxy resin, the mass percent that its consumption accounts for epoxy resin is 60%; Also be added with the polyurethane curing reaction catalyst in described polyurethane resin.Can be added with a small amount of inorganic binder in described cementing agent, be added with siliceous, admire or coupling agent, light stabilizer and/or antioxidant, the hydrophilic inorganic material of the element such as phosphorus, as one or more in kieselguhr, swell soil, perlite.
The coefficient of permeability of described permeable structure is (0.1-1.0) * 10
-2M/s.
technique scheme of the present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology, 1, water storage system of the present invention is provided with impermeable gas-bearing formation on the tank top coat, can stop on the one hand plantation moisture to infiltrate and pollute water storage water quality, the gas permeability of impermeable gas-bearing formation of while can guarantee that also the quality of whole water storage system water quality can effectively be applied to plant the use of the water storage of wetland, 2, the sidewall of the tank of underground water storage system of the present invention is given up the constructing structure with concrete brick indignation block in the past, the wall bag that employing is made by ventilative geotextiles also is filled with impermeable aerated particle and replaces, the both sides of described sidewall all are filled with fine sand so that described sidewall is waken up with a start ground tamping simultaneously, utilize on the one hand the barrier performance of described impermeable aerated particle to stop moisture to exosmose, guarantee the barrier performance of water storage system, the permeability of described impermeable aerated particle has also guaranteed the air permeability of whole water storage system simultaneously, make the water quality of storage not perishable, smelly, 3, the thickness of described gas permeable wall bag is 3-5cm, has guaranteed suitable strength performance and the permeability of the ventilative wall of described antiseepage, 4, the ventilative as a whole structure of wall of described antiseepage, whole gas permeable wall bag can keep equilibrium state under the side pressure of both sides fine sand, and fracture easily occurs unlike the sand wall that fragment of brick assembles, and has guaranteed the stability of whole water storage system, 5, multi-well water storage system of the present invention is that large-scale water is collected stocking system, when fetching water from a bite well, can in time from other well supplementing water, therefore, satisfy the demand of a large amount of waters, 6, multi-well water storage system of the present invention replaces the fine sand of part by permeable bead, and because permeable bead has certain water space capacity, therefore, the moisture storage capacity of this system is large, and storage capacity is strong, 7, collected rainwater or the sewage of the present invention through the filtration on permeable top layer and the sedimentation and filtration of fine sand filler, has obtained purer water, and water is kept in filler or in collecting well, and is not perishable, smelly, 8, simple, the environmental protection and energy saving of this system construction, convenient and practical.Not only cost is low for drift-sand in the desert, environmental protection, simultaneously by a large amount of uses to sand in the desert, has reduced the area of sandy land, is conducive to the improvement of ecological environment; 9, tank is waterproof, the rainwater of collecting can be stored in container not run off, and the material of permeable top layer, collecting well is fine and close, attractive in appearance, energy conservation.
Description of drawings
For content of the present invention is more likely to be clearly understood, the below according to a particular embodiment of the invention and by reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the top layer of the present invention water storage system that can be used for planting;
Fig. 2 is the job practices schematic diagram of the ventilative wall of antiseepage of the present invention.
In figure, Reference numeral is expressed as: 1-tank, 2-collecting well, 3-water inlet pipe, 4-fine sand, the impermeable gas-bearing formation of 5-, the 6-well lid, the permeable bead of 7-, 8-water space, 9-leveling layer, 10-layer of gravel, the 11-antiseepage wall of breathing freely, 12-connecting pipe, 13-gas permeable wall bag, 14-rigidity sheet material.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the water storage system that top layer of the present invention can be used for planting comprises the tank 1 that is arranged at described planting site below, and the chamber wall of described tank 1 is waterproof construction; Described tank 1 inside is provided with collecting well 2, the borehole wall of described collecting well 2 is permeable structure, can be used for storing the water after purification, collecting well 2 can and tank 1 between can carry out the water exchange, and described collecting well 2 can arrange one or more according to the moisture storage capacity at scene and the situation of amount of precipitation; Be provided with the filler of porous between described collecting well 2 and described tank 1, the current that flow into described tank 1 store through described permeable filler and the described collecting well 2 of final inflow; One side of described tank 1 is provided with water inlet pipe 3, is used for rainwater, sewage or the building roof water of described tank 1 top collection are injected described tank 1; Be equipped with impermeable gas-bearing formation 5 above the permeable filler of described tank 1, described impermeable gas-bearing formation 5 is made of impermeable aerated particle, and forming gas molecule between described impermeable aerated particle can pass through and the impervious hole of liquid water molecules.The aperture of the hole between described impermeable aerated particle is 0.001-0.3mm, and that more excellent is 0.01-0.2mm.In order to increase the intensity of system for collecting, purifying and storing water, can 5 times layer of gravel 10 be set at impermeable gas-bearing formation, and the leveling layer 9 of waterproof is set between described impermeable gas-bearing formation 5 and described layer of gravel 10.Can plant all kinds of plants on described tank 1, and the water that stores in described tank 1 can be extracted by water pump also out, be used for irrigating the plant of top plantation.
When being provided with a plurality of described collecting well 2 in described water storage system, each collecting well 2 adopts and is set up in parallel, and be communicated with by connecting pipe 12 between a plurality of described collecting wells 2, and the connecting pipe 12 that is communicated with described many mouthfuls of collecting wells 2 is arranged on the bottom of described many mouthfuls of collecting wells 2.
For the permeability in the described water storage system of higher increase, the bottom of described tank 1 also is equipped with the impermeable gas-bearing formation that is made of impermeable aerated particle, form between described impermeable aerated particle that gas molecule can see through but the impervious space of hydrone too, to guarantee the permeability of described water storage system inside.
Described impermeable aerated particle comprises silica sand particle and the lyophobic dust that is coated on described silica sand particle.Described lyophobic dust is the hydrophobic resin film that is coated on described silica sand particle, and described hydrophobic resin film is by one or more films that form in hydrophobicity epoxy resin, phenolic resins, polyurethane resin and silicones.
Described lyophobic dust in described impermeable aerated particle is the hydrophobic resin film, and the quality of described hydrophobic resin film accounts for 1～8% of silica sand granular mass.Described hydrophobic resin film is by one or more films that form in hydrophobicity epoxy resin, phenolic resins, polyurethane resin and silicones.preferably, described hydrophobicity epoxy resin is the glycidol ether based epoxy resin, the ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin, the glycidol amine epoxy resin, line style aliphatic category epoxy resin, alicyclic based epoxy resin, polysulfide-rubber-modified epoxy, the polyamide modified epoxy, polyvinyl alcohol uncle butyraldehyde modified epoxy, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, the mylar modified epoxy, urine aldehyde melmac modified epoxy, the furfural resin modified epoxy, the vinyl modified epoxy, one or more in isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicones modified epoxy, described hydrophobicity phenolic resins is one or more in dimethylbenzene phenol-formaldehyde resin modified, epoxy resin modification phenolic resins or Effect of Organosilicon-modified Phenol-formaldehyde Resin.
And hydrophobic resin as previously discussed can obtain by following method modification, and concrete method of modifying is:
with epoxy resin, as phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride, with oil-soluble monomer copolymerization, described oil-soluble monomer is: alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, ethylacrylic acid, vinylacetate, allyl acetate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, methyl vinyl ether, methallyl ether, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, acrylic acid dimethylamino propyl ester, acrylic acid lignocaine propyl ester, acrylic acid dimethylamino butyl ester, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, any in diethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Perhaps, also can with the epoxy resin graft modification, form graft polymers; With the hydrophilic radical of epoxy resin, as hydroxyl, react with hydrophobic function monomer, it is connect; Hydrophobic function monomer is: benzaldehyde, alkylbenzaldehyde (a large class) utilizes the reaction of hydroxyl and aldehyde radical.
Perhaps, also epoxy resin can be carried out substitution reaction, under the catalytic reaction of illumination, participate in substitution reaction with chlorine, halogen be received above epoxy resin, to improve hydrophobic performance.
In addition, can add in described hydrophobic resin film has curing compound, and, add different curing compound for different resins, wherein, the selection of curing compound is specific as follows:
for the glycidol ether based epoxy resin, the ethylene oxidic ester based epoxy resin, the glycidol amine epoxy resin, line style aliphatic category epoxy resin, alicyclic based epoxy resin, polysulfide-rubber-modified epoxy, the polyamide modified epoxy, polyvinyl alcohol uncle butyraldehyde modified epoxy, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, the mylar modified epoxy, urine aldehyde melmac modified epoxy, the furfural resin modified epoxy, the vinyl modified epoxy, isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicones modified epoxy, better curing compound is fatty amine, aliphatic cyclic amine, aromatic amine, polyamide, acid anhydrides, any in tertiary amine or several,
For dimethylbenzene phenol-formaldehyde resin modified, epoxy resin modification phenolic resins or Effect of Organosilicon-modified Phenol-formaldehyde Resin, better curing compound is hexamethylenetetramine;
For organic siliconresin, better curing compound is dibutyl tin dilaurate or N, N, N ', any in a N ' tetramethyl guanidinesalt or several;
For the hydrophobic polyurethane resin, its curing compound is the addition product of toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) TDI and Trimethoprim TMP, the tripolymer of the prepolymer of TDI and hydroxyl component and the agent of one-component moisture solidification, TDI.
For unsaturated polyester (UP) (polymer of terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol), the curing compound that adds during normal temperature is ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate; The curing compound that adds during heating is one or more in peroxidized t-butyl perbenzoate, peroxy dicarbonate, dialkyl peroxide, the own ester of peroxidation acid uncle and bis peroxy dicarbonate.
And described lyophobic dust can also be any one or its combination in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vegetable oil, copper silicon, siloxanes, hydrocarbon and combined polymerization Vingon.Preferably, described hydrocarbon comprises any one or its combination in paraffin, kerosene, diesel oil, crude oil, petroleum distillate, solvent naphtha and aliphatic solvents.
Wherein, described lyophobic dust is for being coated on described silica sand particle, and described lyophobic dust is coated on method on described silica sand particle for spraying, dipping or soaks the silica sand particle applies the silica sand particle with chemistry in the liquid solution of lyophobic dust; Perhaps be coated in the silica sand particle for the thin-film sheet of using hydrophobic material; Perhaps for the silica sand particle with heating is positioned in lyophobic dust, the melting lyophobic dust is to the silica sand particle; Perhaps the mode for plating, plasma spraying, sputter, fluidisation and powder coated is coated to lyophobic dust on the silica sand particle.
Consider the problem that chamber wall easily caves in and gas permeability is relatively poor of the tank 1 that exists in work progress, the chamber wall of tank 1 of the present invention is the ventilative wall 11 of the antiseepage that is made of impermeable aerated particle and gas permeable wall bag 13, described gas permeable wall bag 13 limits flowing of described impermeable aerated particles and forms the border of the ventilative wall 11 of antiseepage, and forming gas molecule between described impermeable aerated particle can pass through and the impervious hole of liquid water molecules; And pile up the ventilative wall of described antiseepage 11 both sides has the fine sand particle that ventilative wall 11 extruding of described antiseepage are fixing.Specifically, the ventilative wall 11 of described antiseepage is to be made of described gas permeable wall bag and filling impermeable aerated particle in the inner.Consider the requirement of the ventilative 11 pairs of intensity of wall of antiseepage and gas permeability, the thickness of described gas permeable wall bag is set to 2-10cm, and is preferably 3-5cm.
As shown in Figure 2, the site operation building method of the ventilative wall 11 of above-mentioned antiseepage is: according to the size Selection suitable dimension of the chamber wall of tank and the gas permeable wall bag of upper end open, and fill the required ventilative sand wall 11 of antiseepage of impermeable aerated particle formation in described gas permeable wall bag, and the openend sealing is got final product.Described sealing step can be by making the upper end open place of described gas permeable wall bag 13 sealing or directly utilize fine sand to pile up sealing the opening part bending.
more excellent, in order to guarantee the thickness of the ventilative wall 11 of described antiseepage, can also adopt two to support fixing along its width and short transverse described gas permeable wall bag 13 with the suitable rigidity sheet material 14 of described gas permeable wall bag 13 sizes, and support described gas permeable wall bag 13 fixing along its thickness direction by being horizontally set at two brace summers between described rigidity sheet material 14, after making the inner space of described gas permeable wall bag 13 prop up fully, fill impermeable aerated particle in it, and along with the filling of impermeable aerated particle, pile up permeable filler in the both sides of described rigidity sheet material 14 thereupon, and along with the height that constantly lifting promotes described rigidity sheet material 14 gradually of piling up highly of described permeable filler, until will fill up described impermeable aerated particle in described gas permeable wall bag 13, and remove described rigidity sheet material 14.
For the position of the ventilative wall 11 of further fixing described antiseepage, can also before filling described impermeable aerated particle, the bottom of described gas permeable wall bag 13 be fixed in bottom described tank.
Described gas permeable wall bag 13 can select conventional ventilative geotextiles make or common woven bag, canvas bag all can, but the particle diameter of the described impermeable aerated particle of filling and described fine sand is greater than the fibre gap of described gas permeable wall bag 13.
Be filled in fine sand 4 and a plurality of permeable bead 7 that permeable filler between described collecting well 2 and described tank 1 comprises mixing, the particle diameter of fine sand 4 particles is 0.07mm-2mm, permeable bead 7 inside are water space 8, can water storage, wherein fine sand 4 has the function of purifying waste water, the water that is stored in wherein undergoes no deterioration, obtained purer water after making the rainwater of collection or sewage through the filtration of fine sand 4 fillers and precipitation, and the water space 8 of permeable bead 7 has larger water storage capacity, and the storage volume of tank 1 is increased.And in described filler, described permeable bead 7 is alternate tiers row pattern, so that described permeable bead 7 supports each other, thereby improves the intensity of described filler.
Wherein, the structure of described permeable bead 7 is the different structures such as one or more water-permeable water storage spheroids, water-permeable water storage cylinder, water-permeable water storage Rotary-table, and is unrestricted.And; described permeable bead 7 has hollow structure; described hollow structure forms described water space 8; perhaps this permeable bead 7 has cellular structure; described cellular structure forms described water space 8; wherein, described cellular structure can and heat the fabrication techniques that evaporative pattern is disappeared by for example seepy material and evaporative pattern mixed-forming.and described permeable bead 7 is made by seepy material, and has path or the duct of gas communication, perhaps described permeable bead 7 has the flow passage that supplies water and pass through, the diameter of described flow passage is less than the particle diameter of described fine sand, and, described permeable bead 7 passes through said structure, formed and inwardly to have reached outwards two-way permeable permeable structure, making water in fine sand can see through described permeable bead 7 wall sections enters in its water space 8, to increase the storage capacity of water, water in permeable bead 7 also can be oozed out by its water space 8, enter in fine sand 4 and collecting well 2, pass through seepy material, can carry out the water exchange between fine sand 4 and permeable bead 7, water in permeable bead 7 also can see through permeable carrier walls and enter in fine sand 4.
In addition, the borehole wall of described collecting well 2 is permeable structures of being made by seepy material, this permeable structure has path or the duct of gas communication, perhaps described collecting well 2 has the flow passage that supplies water and pass through, the diameter of described flow passage is less than the particle diameter of described fine sand, and the water in fine sand can see through the permeable borehole wall and enter in collecting well 2.Therefore, under the use state, owing to can carrying out the water exchange between fine sand 4, permeable bead 7, collecting well 2, water can be stored in the water space 8 and collecting well 2 of fine sand 4, permeable bead 7.When the needs water, water is extracted out from collecting well 2, in this process, the water in fine sand 4 and permeable bead 7 can replenish and enter in collecting well 2.
Wherein, above-mentioned seepy material comprise aggregate and the bonding aggregate cementing agent, and described cementing agent at least part of be the hydrophilic resin cementing agent.The mass ratio of cementing agent used and aggregate is 1-20: 100.Described hydrophilic resin cementing agent accounts for the 1-60% of cementing agent total amount, and wherein, described hydrophilic resin cementing agent is one or more in epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin; Molecular side chain in above-mentioned epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylic resin contains hydrophilic carboxylate, sulfonate, ammonium salt, hydroxyl or main chain and contains the non-ionic hydrophilic segment.Described aggregate is: one of natural siliceous sand, synthetic quartz sand, flyash, melting waste slag or its any combination, preferably quartz sand, the preferably drift-sand in the desert.Described aggregate is preferably by described cementing agent and coats, and more preferably, one or more particles of described aggregate form the particles of aggregates of overlay film in advance by described cementing agent overlay film.Described particles of aggregates particle diameter is preferably: 0.07 millimeter～1.6 millimeters.
As the structure that can change, can be provided with at least an outstanding described tank top coat in described collecting well, this collecting well 2 tops communicate with atmosphere, and cover with the well lid 6 of waterproof, can draw water by opening well lid, perhaps this collecting well 2 tops do not communicate with atmosphere, but has the path of drawing water, for example, this collecting well 2 has a path that draws water that can be communicated with suction pump, inserts in this path that draws water by drinking-water pipe and realizes drawing water.
Water storage system of the present invention, the water of the rainwater of collecting or sewage or building roof sees through water inlet pipe 3 and enters tank 1, has obtained purer water after the sedimentation and filtration through the fine sand filler.And, in tank 1, can carry out the water exchange between fine sand 4, permeable bead 7, collecting well 2, water in fine sand 4 can see through permeable bead 7 and enter in its water space 8, also can see through the permeable borehole wall enters in collecting well 2, water in permeable bead 7 also can flow out through its carrier walls and enter into collecting well 2, and water is stored in the water space 8 and collecting well 2 of fine sand 4, permeable bead 7.When the needs water, water is extracted out from collecting well 2, in this process, water in other collecting well can enter in the collecting well 2 of being fetched water by connecting pipe 12, make water level reach balance, and the water in fine sand 4 and permeable bead 7 can replenish and enter in collecting well 2.
Multi-well water storage system of the present invention is that large-scale water is collected stocking system, when fetching water from a bite well, can be in time from other well supplementing water, thus satisfy the demand of a large amount of waters.
Embodiment 1:
The hole that to dig on the ground an area be 50 square meters, the hole wall waterproof construction that concrete is for example done of serving as reasons has formed the tank 1 of a top opening, makes tank 1 be placed in the soil matrix layer; The chamber wall of described tank is waterproof construction, can be the wall that the concrete brick indignation is built, three mouthfuls of collecting wells 2 of tank 1 internal build, the borehole wall is made by seepy material, collecting well 2 can and tank 1 between carry out the water exchange; Be filled with permeable filler between described tank 1 and described collecting well 2, described permeable filler upper strata is equipped with the impermeable gas-bearing formation 5 that is made of impermeable aerated particle.Be communicated with by connecting pipe 12 between these three mouthfuls of collecting wells 2, the connecting pipe 12 that is communicated with these three mouthfuls of collecting wells 2 is arranged at the bottom of described many mouthfuls of collecting wells 2, make the water in these three mouthfuls of collecting wells 2 logical, and, make the top bore of the collecting well 2 in the middle of being positioned at expose described impermeable gas-bearing formation 5, and well lid 6 is set, so that water can be extracted out by this mouthful collecting well 2, and by other two mouthfuls of collecting well 2 supplementing water.In addition, be filled with fine sand 4 and a plurality of permeable bead 7 between collecting well 2 and tank 1, can carry out the water exchange between fine sand 4 and permeable bead 7.
The composition of the seepy material of the borehole wall of described collecting well 2 or permeable bead 7 is that quartz sand and epoxy resin mix, and described quartz sand is coated by described epoxy resin, and in described epoxy resin, 10% is hydrophily epoxy resin, and described hydrophily epoxy resin is the epoxy resin that molecular side chain contains hydrophilic carboxylate.
Described impermeable aerated particle comprises silica sand particle and the hydrophobicity polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that is coated on described silica sand particle.Described silica sand particle is that particle diameter is the quartz sand of 0.1-0.3mm.Described hydrophobicity polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is the 3wt% of silica sand particle.
The method that described hydrophobicity polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is coated on described silica sand particle is:
1) the hydrophobicity polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is heated to molten condition;
When 2) the silica sand particle being heated to 210 ℃, add described hydrophobicity polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), stirred and evenly mixed in 30 seconds, make described hydrophobicity polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) be dispersed in described silica sand particle surface;
3) hexamethylenetetramine curing compound (accounting for the 0.015wt% of silica sand particle) is added in the above-mentioned mixture for preparing, stir and evenly mix, solidified 60 seconds;
4) oxidic polyethylene wax lubricant (accounting for the 0.009wt% of silica sand particle) is added in the mixture that is cured, stir, cooling, sieve, and get final product.
Described tank 1 bottom is provided with the boss 3 that is complementary with collecting well 2 bores, and collecting well 2 is nested with outside boss 3, and fine sand 4 can not entered in collecting well 2.Collected rainwater or sewage in the present embodiment, the sedimentation and filtration through fine sand filler 4 has obtained purer water, and water is kept in fine sand or collecting well 2 in, not perishable, smelly; Open well lid 6, can utilize easily the water in collecting well.
Embodiment 2:
Multi-well water storage system as described in Example 1, described seepy material described cementing agent used is one of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin or its any combination, and the shape of described collecting well 2 can be done multiple conversion.
Described impermeable aerated particle comprises silica sand particle and the hydrophobicity epoxy resin that is coated on described silica sand particle.Described silica sand particle is that particle diameter is the quartz sand of 0.075-0.3mm.Described hydrophobicity epoxy resin is the 5wt% of silica sand particle.Described hydrophobicity epoxy resin is to be made by maleic anhydride and benzaldehyde graft copolymerization.
The method that described hydrophobicity epoxy resin is coated on described silica sand particle is:
1) hydrophobicity epoxy resin is heated to molten condition;
When 2) the silica sand particle being heated to 220 ℃, add described epoxy resin, stirred and evenly mixed in 60 seconds, make described phenolic resins be dispersed in described silica sand particle surface;
3) aliphatic amine curing compound (accounting for the 10wt% of silica sand particle) is added in the above-mentioned mixture for preparing, stir and evenly mix, solidified 120 seconds;
4) stearic amide sliding agent (accounting for the 1.25wt% of silica sand particle) is added in the mixture that is cured, stir, cooling, sieve, and get final product.
And, in order to increase the intensity of system for collecting, purifying and storing water, 5 times layer of gravel 10 is set on permeable top layer, and between permeable top layer 5 and layer of gravel 10, permeable leveling layer 9 is set.
Embodiment 3
The structure of the described water storage system of the present embodiment as hereinbefore, its difference only is that the chamber wall of described tank is the ventilative wall of the antiseepage that is made of described impermeable aerated particle, and fill by gas permeable wall bag 13 border that the mode of impermeable aerated particles limits the ventilative wall of described antiseepage, form between described impermeable aerated particle gas molecule can by and the impervious hole of liquid water molecules; And pile up the ventilative wall of described antiseepage both sides has fine sand 4 particles that the ventilative wall extruding of described antiseepage is fixing.Described gas permeable wall bag is made according to the size of described chamber wall by ventilative geotextiles and is formed, and the thickness of described gas permeable wall bag is 3-5cm.The particle diameter of described impermeable aerated particle and described fine sand is greater than the fibre gap of described gas permeable wall bag.
the component on site construction method of the ventilative wall of described antiseepage is: according to the size Selection suitable dimension of the chamber wall of tank and the gas permeable wall bag of upper end open, described tank bottom is fixed in the bottom of described gas permeable wall bag, adopt two to support fixing along its width and short transverse described gas permeable wall bag with the suitable rigidity sheet material 14 of described gas permeable wall bag size, and support described gas permeable wall bag fixing along its thickness direction by being horizontally set at two brace summers between described rigidity sheet material 14, make the inner space of described gas permeable wall bag prop up fully, described impermeable aerated particle is filled in described gas permeable wall bag, and pile up fine sand in the both sides of described rigidity sheet material 14 thereupon, and along with the height that constantly lifting promotes described rigidity sheet material 14 gradually of piling up highly of described fine sand, until will fill up described impermeable aerated particle in described gas permeable wall bag, namely consist of the ventilative sand wall of required antiseepage, and by the upper end open place of described gas permeable wall bag being made sealing or directly the opening part bending being utilized fine sand to pile up sealing the openend sealing of described gas permeable wall bag is namely completed.
Described impermeable aerated particle comprises silica sand particle and the hydrophobicity phenolic resins that is coated on described silica sand particle, and described silica sand particle is that particle diameter is the quartz sand of 0.075-0.3mm.Described hydrophobicity phenolic resins is the 1wt% of silica sand particle.Described hydrophobicity phenolic resins is to be made by maleic anhydride and sodium vinyl sulfonate copolymerization.
The method that described phenolic resins is coated on described silica sand particle is:
1) phenolic resins is heated to molten condition;
When 2) the silica sand particle being heated to 220 ℃, add described phenolic resins, stirred and evenly mixed in 60 seconds, make described phenolic resins be dispersed in described silica sand particle surface;
3) aliphatic amine curing compound (accounting for the 10wt% of silica sand particle) is added in the above-mentioned mixture for preparing, stir and evenly mix, solidified 120 seconds;
4) stearic amide sliding agent (accounting for the 1.25wt% of silica sand particle) is added in the mixture that is cured, stir, cooling, sieve, and get final product.
In addition, multi-well water storage system of the present invention both can store use as rainwater-collecting in the arid area, also can be used for the processing of other sewage, can also be applied to the improvement of mother's water cellar in the arid area.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for example clearly is described, and is not the restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here need not also can't give all embodiments exhaustive.And the apparent variation of being extended out thus or change still are among the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. water storage system that the top layer can be used for planting comprises:
Tank (1): described tank (1) is arranged at below described planting site, and the chamber wall of described tank (1) is waterproof construction;
Collecting well (2): described collecting well (2) is arranged at described tank (1) inside, and the borehole wall of described collecting well (2) is permeable structure, is used for storing the water after purifying;
Permeable filler: described filler is filled between described collecting well (2) and described tank (1), and the current that flow into described tank (1) store through described permeable filler and the final described collecting well (2) that infiltrates;
Water inlet pipe (3): be arranged at the side of described tank (1), be used for the water of described tank (1) top collection is injected described tank (1);
It is characterized in that:
Be equipped with impermeable gas-bearing formation (5) above the permeable filler of described tank (1), described impermeable gas-bearing formation (5) is made of impermeable aerated particle, and forming gas molecule between described impermeable aerated particle can pass through and the impervious hole of liquid water molecules.
2. the top layer according to claim 1 water storage system that can be used for planting, it is characterized in that: described chamber wall is the ventilative wall (11) of the antiseepage that is made of impermeable aerated particle and gas permeable wall bag (13), described gas permeable wall bag (13) limits flowing of described impermeable aerated particle and forms the border of the ventilative wall (11) of described antiseepage, and forming gas molecule between described impermeable aerated particle can pass through and the impervious hole of liquid water molecules; And pile up the ventilative wall of described antiseepage both sides has permeable filler that the ventilative wall extruding of described antiseepage is fixing.
3. the top layer according to claim 2 water storage system that can be used for planting is characterized in that: the described antiseepage wall (11) of breathing freely is made of described gas permeable wall bag (13) and the impermeable aerated particle of filling in the inner.
4. the top layer according to claim 3 water storage system that can be used for planting, it is characterized in that: the described antiseepage wall (11) of breathing freely is construction as follows: according to the size Selection suitable dimension of the chamber wall of tank and the gas permeable wall bag (13) of upper end open, and fill impermeable aerated particle in described gas permeable wall bag (13), described gas permeable wall bag (13) limits flowing of described impermeable aerated particle and forms the border of the ventilative wall (11) of described antiseepage, forming gas molecule between described impermeable aerated particle can pass through and the impervious hole of liquid water molecules, simultaneously pile up permeable filler particles to the ventilative wall (11) of described antiseepage both sides ventilative wall (11) extruding of described antiseepage is fixing, and the openend sealing is got final product.
5. the top layer according to claim 4 water storage system that can be used for planting is characterized in that:
The job practices of the ventilative wall of described antiseepage also comprises filling and adopts before described impermeable aerated particle two with the suitable rigidity sheet material (14) of described gas permeable wall bag (13) size, described gas permeable wall bag (13) to be supported along its width and short transverse and fix, and by be horizontally set at brace summer between two blocks of described rigidity sheet materials (14) described gas permeable wall bag (13) is supported along its thickness direction fixing, the step that makes the inner space of described gas permeable wall bag (13) prop up fully.
6. the top layer according to claim 5 water storage system that can be used for planting is characterized in that:
Described antiseepage is breathed freely in the job practices of wall (11), described impermeable aerated particle is filled in the interior step of described gas permeable wall bag (13), pile up permeable filler in the both sides of described rigidity sheet material (14) thereupon, and along with the height that constantly lifting promotes described rigidity sheet material (14) gradually of piling up highly of described permeable filler, until described impermeable aerated particle will be filled up in described gas permeable wall bag (13), and remove described rigidity sheet material (14).
7. according to claim 1-6 arbitrary described top layers water storage system of can be used for planting is characterized in that:
Described impermeable aerated particle comprises silica sand particle and the lyophobic dust that is coated on described silica sand particle, and described hole is of a size of 0.001-0.3mm.
8. the top layer according to claim 7 water storage system that can be used for planting is characterized in that:
Described hole is of a size of 0.01-0.2mm.
9. the according to claim 7 or 8 described top layers water storage system that can be used for planting is characterized in that: described collecting well (2) is communicated with by connecting pipe (12) between a plurality of described collecting wells (2) for arranged side by side a plurality of.
10. the top layer according to claim 9 water storage system that can be used for planting, it is characterized in that: the borehole wall of described collecting well (2) is by the permeable structure for being made by seepy material, perhaps have the flow passage that supplies water and pass through, and the diameter of described flow passage is less than the particle diameter of described fine sand.
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| CN103161198B (en) | 2015-05-20 |
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Application publication date: 20130619 Assignee: RENCHSAND ECO-ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Assignor: BEIJING RECHSAND SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY GROUP Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2022990000171 Denomination of invention: A water storage system with surface layer for planting Granted publication date: 20150520 License type: Common License Record date: 20220325 |