CN101415654A

CN101415654A - Hydrophobic composites and particulates and applications thereof

Info

Publication number: CN101415654A
Application number: CN 200480026455
Authority: CN
Inventors: 泽夫·比格尔
Original assignee: Superseal Ltd
Current assignee: Superseal Ltd
Priority date: 2003-07-14
Filing date: 2004-07-14
Publication date: 2009-04-22

Abstract

Novel hydrophobic composites, particularly hydrophobic particulates and free-flowing hydrophobic aggregates and methods utilizing same are disclosed.

Description

Hydrophobic composites and particle and their application

The field of the invention and background

The present invention relates to hydrophobic composites, particle and free-pouring gathering materials (aggregate), produce their method, and their application.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of hydrophobic composites with the core material (core material) that is coated with by hydrophobic powder, described hydrophobic powder has the pretreated impurity element of Liniment with hydrophobic hydrocarbon and optional other, to such an extent as to formed matrix material is characterised in that good water repellency and the resisting power that is suitable for various application.The invention further relates to the hydrophobic composites that in the aqueous solution, prepares.

In a lot of the application, all wish to use the hydrophobic material of refusing water to prevent that moisture from arriving the ceitical region.In the civil engineering scope, when water was penetrated in the buildings, salt that exists in the water and mineral substance had destroyed concrete (perhaps making other material of this buildings), and had caused the corrosion and the distortion of its reinforcing bar or wire fabric.Such corrosion and distortion have caused the crack having occurred in concrete, and have finally caused the part of structural strength to descend.Other internal objects such as pipe, electric wire, communication channel etc. also may be suffered the destruction of moisture.

It is relevant with numerous undesirable signs occurring water in the house, for example, and below wall bottom, carpet or the moisture below the floor tile; The iron rust of steel column substrate; Timber, panel, dry wall and other pollution, variable color or rotten near the object of ground, wall or top ceiling; Mould on concrete, furniture or the carpet and mould; Efflorescence on the concrete (" white powder "); The floor tile that peels off; The biogas smell; " sweating " wall (condensing of excess humidity); Condensing of water on the window; Drip molding jam-pack or that damage; Growth of moss tongue or the like.

Moisture can vertically for example because water gathers on the ground of roof or buildings/substrate, perhaps flatly, for example because extreme weather condition makes the exterior wall of water infiltration buildings, and penetrate in the buildings.The serious problems of horizontal seepage are in the part of subterranean wall or wall, are advanced the outside of subterranean wall there by the hydrostaticpressure that excess humidity produced in the surrounding soil, have promoted horizontal seepage significantly.

When the water of surplus has formed diameter and is the netted thing of interconnective kapillary of about 10-100nm, the moisture vapor transmission concrete walls have been explained by the pore fluid of concrete rate (about 12%-20%) that in solidification process, forms.

Employed in this article term is meant approximately ± 10%.

These kapillaries have promoted the moisture vapor transmission here by capillary force.Along with the concrete ageing, the infiltration of this water is little by little leached this concrete and is made the porous infiltration more that becomes of this concrete.

Another problem that is caused by moisture is mouldy, and it has also produced musty except lacking aesthetic feeling.Although can remove a large amount of stagnation water by the waterproof method that utilizes drainage pipeline of prior art, but residual moisture still will cause mouldy problem.Had realized that to be exposed to for a long time mouldly may cause a lot of health problems, for example, allergy, asthma, tetter or the like.

Substrate is the largest source of moisture in the house.Covering ground in the substrate of processing and wall are caught moisture and have finally been caused moist or moistening substrate.When concrete pH was high, the alkali that exists in the concrete was by water dissolution and invasion and attack paint and floor tile.Therefore, even this substrate looks do, moisture also can pour in by the kapillary seepage.Usually since excessive moisture and in substrate, begin mould, may be for example, expand to other zone more than the ground, house by ventilation.

In a lot of countries, sand be used as below the floor tile the bed body and in order to reduce noise recommended by standard.Derive from the water of routine cleaning pinniform seepage or heavy rain (for example, in watt shape roof) produced a large amount of, up to every square metre about 100 kilograms of water of crossing weight-carrying capacity.Most of water is collected in below these tiles and the sand, thereby all keeps moist for many years.Like this cross that weight-carrying capacity normally considered by the slip-stick artist in the design phase of buildings, in order to increase the intensity of buildings, it is more concrete of use and strongthener below husky bed.Water and the structure that has additionally increased gross weight have been quickened the sinking of this buildings.At suspended structure balcony and making in the interconnective passageway of different piece of buildings for example, problem has only been increased the weight of.

Except the weight of its overload, the moist sand under tile has attracted insect, ant for example, warms, aphid, dirt mite or the like.Except the health problem relevant with these attractions that has realized that, these insects excavate and have quickened the sinking of tile in sand.

Owing to is moist in most of times, become thermal conductor at the sand of underfloor, reduced like this in the design phase of this buildings and called oneself any insulation that will reach.In some buildingss, electric heating system is built upon underfloor.Contact the grievous injury that may cause between these systems and the moist sand to system, perhaps, under extreme case, even may presence of fire.

About the underground waterproof of balcony or tile roof, the method for all prior aries all relates to dispose water-proof material for example diaphragm seal, bituminous membrane or based on the elastomer coating of solvent below supporting the husky bed of floor tile.Yet almost irrelevant with their quality, owing to contain wetly salt in these sands existence, the work-ing life of these water-proof materials is not enough.

Even in sand and discontiguous buildings of water-proof material or partial building, also be limited the work-ing life of the material of prior art.The alkali that is dissolved in the water invasion and attack paint and binding agent, and by forming the crack, peeling off or bubble destroys water-proof material.

Another within doors problem relevant with seal means is the problem that may find that in doors radon gas content improves, usually (but being not individually) this room than lower part, for example, substrate.Radon is the invisible and tasteless radioactive gas that decay produced by radioactivity heavy metal uranium that intersperses among earth shell and thorium.The by product of the radioactivity decay of these metals is lighter radioactivity heavy metals, and this lighter radioactivity heavy metal also decays into lighter metal, or the like.This decay chain continuous production radium, radium decay is radon isotope, i.e. radon-222 and radon-220 (latter is also referred to as thoron), wherein radon-222 isotropic substance is modal indoor radioactive gas.

The radon descendant is to swim in airborne small solid radiation particle, and they are sucked by the people, and are trapped in lung, the trachea and bronchus.Because these descendants, with the radon of in the family conventional content, mortality is than any other toxin or about 1,000 times of safety limit limit for height of carcinogenic substance.

As the heaviest known gas (being heavier than air nine times), radon gas enter in permeable soil around the foundations and the gravel bed naturally and subsequently by the perforate in the above mentioned concrete and pore and diffustivity infiltrate through in this house.Radon can be dissolved in water, therefore by subterranean river be brought to the house around, and the infiltration by water for example penetrates concrete and further enters in the house.The modal carrier that radon is taken in the house is a water.

Wet G﹠W has also caused burying the destruction of object such as underground pipeline, storage tank (for example, gas-holder), tunnel and cable.Because existing moisture, the caused burn into digesting material of electrolysis, insect and/or microorganism in the sand, much bury object and suffered to make the destruction technology that reduces the work-ing life of these objects.Imbedding under the situation that object includes harmful substances, all may have the serious environmental consequence from this any seepage of imbedding thing.

In the field of power industry, carried out the mechanism that numerous research approaches is determined corresponding underground cable or communication letter cable premature failure.It is believed that, a lot of too early cable failures and the miniature moisture branch in the cable insulation layer defects, the internal structure that is also referred to as " water tree " is relevant.Fill up defective inside radially branch in unbodied insulating material of water.Along with water radially inwardly imbeds, the electromotive force of cable lost efficacy to be increased.

Even when the conductive core of this cable when for example liquid crystalline polymers covers by tip materials, because the caused corrosion of electrolysis, digesting material, insect and/or microorganism that is existed by subsurface, the formation of defect ware also is inevitable.

Embedding pipe and electricity or communication path are placed on the inside of the buried pipe of hollow usually.For the purpose of safeguarding, hollow tube also contacts embedding object easily.Yet water or other liquid have been found to enter between the internal surface of buried objects and surrounding tube path (for example, by hole or the crack that is formed at tube outer surface, perhaps by the slit between the contact tube) at interval occasionally.Water flows in the pipe and makes embedding object or destroy for the terminal box of tube end.

The combination of moisture and sand trends towards hardening or freezes.Known formed hard material is transformed into axial stress on the embedding object from surrounding environment.In the time of the characteristic strength of the horizontal exceeding object of axial stress, this object is destroyed.In order to prevent above-mentioned axial stress, just make these objects firmer and/or by buried to below ground.Yet, have realized that object is placed in subterranean cost to be wanted the embedding degree of depth along with these objects and increase.Yet buried object is difficult to approaching, for example in order to safeguard or to replace.

A kind of method of protection underground object pipe is by applying seal coating on this object or the pipe around it, destroying its outside surface to such an extent as to prevent top reagent.Yet though such coating is stood digesting material or organic invasion and attack usually, the local damage for coating is inevitable (for example, because axial stress) usually, and these local damages are enough to cause the corrosion of object.

Usually, can prevent that moisture from entering the ceitical region by the hydrophobic material that water is refused in use.Depend on for the design consideration of hydrophobic material to be the designed application of these materials, and comprise intrusion pressure, thickness, chemical compatibility, air-flow, temperature applicability of water or the like.The intrusion pressure of water is the standard of measurement of emergent pressure, and water is forced in the hydrophobic material under this pressure.In hydrophobic material and application that caustic material contacts, chemical compatibility is important.

The structure that requires waterproof in addition is a water reservoir, and their substrate and wall need be impermeable to prevent that water from leaking out there.The leakage problems of water reservoir is crucial at arid biogeographic zone, and people wish to keep the long as far as possible time of content of water reservoir there.

Typical water reservoir is the smooth zone that is centered on by the fill of tilting.In the waterproof method of a lot of prior aries, the bottom of water reservoir (flat base and inclination fill) is bondd each other or diaphragm seal (being made by high density polyethylene usually) welded together covers.This method has a lot of shortcomings.At first, carry out, have a lot of connections destroyed or connect imperfect and these sheets become permeable zone around the joining region between two adjacent sheet because waterproof is a diaphragm seal by a plurality of connections.The second, because limited elasticity, diaphragm seal tends to be destroyed from hard object top or that be in contact with it from below.The 3rd, in the process of safeguarding, in the time of light machinery of the bottom of water reservoir quilt or artificial cleaning, these sealing plys may be isolated.The 4th, comprise that move on land or the power of crack formation (for example in artificial concrete retention reservoir) is broken diaphragm seal.The another one restriction of art methods is caused by insect that exists under diaphragm seal and organism group.In this case, the chemical reagent that need purify purifies the content in this water reservoir.

In the agricultural of using irrigation or gardening, also often need waterproof.Marquis when a zone is irrigated by the artificially water has only the water of relative small portion to arrive growing plants on this soil.Most of water infiltrate earth or evaporation.The needs of saving water are also relevant with other agricultural problem, for example salt-affected soil and subterranean salt buck.Usually, when being designed for the zone of gardening or industry agricultural use, be difficult in when preventing that objectionable impurities (for example salt) from damaging root, the water of q.s be provided and do not cause rotten to plant.

Be used for the item that the designing institute of the hydrophobic material of above-mentioned arbitrary structures waterproof will consider and comprise that water immerses pressure, thickness, chemical compatibility, air-flow, temperature applicability or the like.It is the standard of measurement that water is forced through the emergent pressure of hydrophobic material that water immerses pressure.In hydrophobic material and application that caustic material contacts, chemical compatibility is very important.

Year in year out, numerous hydrophobic materials are developed, and comprise PTFE, nylon, glass fibre, polyethersulfone and having gathering materials of hydrophobic performance.

The United States Patent (USP) 3,562,153 of Tully etc. discloses a kind of such material.Oil absorbing composition in the patent of Tully etc. is in fact can be particulate by handling with colloidal metal or quasi-metal oxide, granulous or fibrous liquid absorption material obtain, and described colloidal metal or quasi-metal oxide are connected on the silicoorganic compound so that this metal or quasi-metal oxide are hydrophobic by chemistry.Make the absorbing composition of hydrophobic oxide process and contacted by the water of oil pollution and therefrom optionally remove and deoil.It is reported that the composite material for oil absortion of Tully etc. has good water repellency, make it in long dipping time, keep the oil suction effect like this.

As the US4 of the full text Craig that incorporates into as a reference set forth herein, 474,852, combine several prior art patent (United States Patent (USP)s 3,567,492,3,672,945,3,973,510,3,980,566,4,148,941 and 4,256,501, the content of all these patents is incorporated by reference) thought.According to Craig, hydrophobic composites with good water repellency can obtain by following process: deposition comprises film forming urethane and bituminous viscosity first coating as optional additives on particle and granular core material,, and apply second coating that comprises hydrophobic colloidal oxide compound such as hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide to the core material of such coating.Craig has instructed not gather materials 1 weight % of weight of the total drying of should exceed of viscosity first coating, and second coating is 0.025-0.25 weight % of this gross weight.In addition, according to the instruction of Craig, Zhi Bei hydrophobic composites has not only prevented water adhesion to the surface of single composite material granular by this way, and has prevented to enter the clearance space that gathers materials of this matrix material.

Also be incorporated by reference as in full at the WO 03/044124 of this statement at this, also disclose and prepare the method that hydrophobicity is gathered materials, this method is based on the instruction of Craig (U.S4,474,852).According to the instruction of WO 03/044124, US4, disclosed hydrophobicity is gathered materials owing to can not stand and be higher than 2-3 centimetres hydraulic pressure in 474,852, is unsafty.

Production had improved water repellency and oil absorptiveness and in the research of the method that the hydrophobicity of improved anti-higher hydraulic pressure is gathered materials, instruction according to WO03/044124 sums up, compare with the instruction of Craig, the preparation hydrophobicity improved method of gathering materials comprise the component that relates to first and second coatings and their relative quantity, the change that temperature in each procedure of processing and the mixing rate in preparation process are relevant.

Therefore; WO 03/044124 disclosed method comprises: deposition comprises for example urethane and optional tackiness agent viscosity first coating of eu-bitumen for example of membrane-forming agent on particle or granular core material, and applies second coating of the powder that comprises hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide or any other super-hydrophobicity on the core material of such coating.According to the instruction of WO 03/044124, viscosity first coating accounts for gather materials 1-2 weight % of weight of total drying, and second coating accounts for more than the 5 weight % of this gross weight.In addition, according to the instruction of WO 03/044124, such hydrophobicity is gathered materials and can be kept hydraulic pressure up to 20-30cm.

Though WO 03/044124 has instructed the super-hydrophobicity powder that uses except the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide, this reference had not both had to describe in detail the example of yet not enumerating such super-hydrophobicity powder.This reference also fails to prove water repellency and its performance under high hydraulic pressure that disclosed there hydrophobicity is gathered materials.In addition, well-known in this field, use so a large amount of hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide as second coating, as WO03/044124 instructs, reduced the simplicity of cost efficiency and technology.

In addition, as the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide, and other metal oxide of handling with silicoorganic compound, for example, in the patent of Craig disclosed those, they are characterised in that: as acidic substance, by gathering materials easily and for example washing composition reaction of alkaline reagents of such material coating.This feature limits such gathering materials be applied to washing composition and may gather materials in the application that contacts, the external coating (EC) on various surfaces for example with hydrophobicity.

The top US4 that mentions, 474,852 have described several application of hydrophobic composites in waterproof applications.Surperficial mainly as the paving as the external coating (EC) on pitch or the concrete, the Dipping of bituminous seal thing should at first be applied on this surface, after this, can apply the recoat layer of hydrophobic matrix material at once and be involved in the bituminous seal thing, watertight external coating (EC) is provided.Identical external coating (EC) technology can be used in the pit repairing on road surface.

This matrix material can also be used as the common surrogate that gathers materials in pitch roof lid or roofing board or the construction roof.In such application, hydrophobic composites prevented the infiltration of water effectively and caused by freezing-the caused destruction of thaw cycles, and through moisture with the caused dimensional change of drying.US 4,474, and 852 also require as the paving, the purposes of the external coating (EC) in pitch or concrete road surface or bridge paving for example, fluid-tight surface layer is provided, and this has reduced the destruction of freeze-thawing basically, and is not commonly used to the influence except that the salt component of deicing.In addition, these hydrophobic composites can be applied on the painted surface at wood, metal, and concrete, stone provides competent waterproof layer in brick and the specific synthetic substrate.Such hydrophobic composites can also mix with suitable tackiness agent provides the water repellency coating.

Because 3 inches the husky bed of infiltration is scattered at the flashing top that ACI (ACI) is recommended under the buildings, so US 4,474, hydrophobic composites in 852 also can be used as the water-resisting agent in the building of paving, as weighting material under the concrete thickness plate or bed material, perhaps as the gravel weighting material or the ballast on roadbed or walkway.Yet as the those skilled in the art will recognize that, free-pouring gathering materials was to be made by very little particle, therefore carries in wind easily and washed by flowing water.Therefore, do not have directions for use concrete and that can carry out, will be difficult to and may actually use the hydrophobicity of liquid form to gather materials.

In addition, the method for present known production hydrophobic composites does not form gratifying product and is subjected to other parameter such as cost-efficient restriction.

Thereby, generally recognize not having above-mentioned circumscribed hydrophobic composites, particle and free-pouringly gather materials, produce their method and the needs of their application, and this will be highly favourable.

Summary of the invention

Marquis when design is of the present invention, anticipation can obtain cost-efficient hydrophobic composites with improved physics and chemical property by further changing the composition of first and second coatings and their relative quantity.Particularly, suppose to obtain the having hydrophobic composites that improves performance in cost efficient ground by comprising by the hydrocarbon hydrophobic powder making coatings of the pretreated impurity element of longer chain fatty acid (for example, stearic acid) for example.

When the present invention is reduced to actually operating, in fact find to compare with the hydrophobic composites of having known at present by using above-described hydrophobic powder, obtained to have the good physics and the hydrophobic composites of chemical property.These new disclosed matrix materials comprise that accounting for this matrix material gross weight is no more than the hydrophobic coating of 5 weight %, and it is characterized in that having fabulous water repellency and other useful performance that is described in more detail below.

Therefore, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of hydrophobic composites, it comprises the core material that is applied by hydrophobic powder, and this hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

According to the additional features in the described preferred embodiment of the invention below, this element is selected from metallic element, semimetallic elements and transition metal.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this metal-powder is glued on the core material by viscous layer.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic composites further comprises at least a additive that is selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, tinting material constitutes about 0.1-about 2 weight % of hydrophobic composites.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, anti-UV agent and SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER constitute about 0.01-about 2 weight % of hydrophobic composites separately.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, abrasive constitutes about 0.1-about 0.5 weight % of this hydrophobic composites.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of method for preparing hydrophobic composites is provided, this method comprises that this hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain, thereby this hydrophobic composites is provided with hydrophobic powder coating core material.

According to the additional features in described the preferred embodiments of the invention below, this method further comprises, before coating, is coated with viscous layer on core material, and this viscous layer bonds to hydrophobic powder on the core material.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the step that applies viscous layer on core material comprises makes core material mix with the viscous mixt that contains membrane-forming agent and volatile solvent, from the mixture of core material and viscous mixt, remove all volatile solvents simultaneously, thereby the core material that has applied viscous layer on it is provided.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the step that applies viscous layer on core material comprises to be made core material and (for example contains water accack and aqueous solvent, water) water-based viscous mixt mixes, from the mixture of core material and viscous mixt, remove all aqueous solvents simultaneously, thereby the core material that has applied viscous layer on it is provided.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further is included in before dry this core material of coating.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, dry this core material before this method further is included in and mixes.

According to the additional features in the described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises, after coating, solidifies this hydrophobic composites.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this volatile solvent is the organic solvent of boiling point in about 80 ℃-about 200 ℃ of scopes.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method comprises that further before coating, the additive in making core material and being selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive mixes.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises, before coating, the core material that has viscous layer on it mixed with additive in being selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this core material is selected from the group of being made up of particulate material and granulated material.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this core material is selected from following group: sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock (porcelanit), rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise (agapultite), flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this core material has the median size in 25 millimeters-5 micrometer ranges.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this core material is a quartz sand.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this viscous layer accounts for about 0.5-about 7 weight % of this hydrophobic composites.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic powder accounts for about 0.1-about 5 weight % of this hydrophobic composites.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of hydrophobic particle, it comprises that this hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain by the granular core material of hydrophobic powder coating.

According to the additional features in following described the preferred embodiments of the invention, this hydrocarbon chain comprises at least 10 carbon atoms.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrocarbon is the fatty acid residue with at least 12 carbon atoms.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this lipid acid is selected from the group of being made up of stearic acid, lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitinic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this at least a element is selected from the group of being made up of element metal element element, semimetallic elements, transition metal and their combination.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this at least a element is selected from the group of being made up of magnesium, calcium, aluminium, zinc, sodium, barium, zirconium, manganese, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron and their combination.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, it is inactive that this hydrophobic composites and particulate are characterised in that for alkaline reagents.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic composites and particle can prevent on water adhesion is to it and anti-sealing infiltrates through wherein depressing outside atmospheric up to about 4.5.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic composites and particulate are characterised in that and can continue to reach at least two months to dynamic water mill consumption.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this tackiness agent constitutes about 0.1-50 weight % of viscous layer.

According to the additional features in the described embodiment preferred, hydrophobic particle further comprises at least a additive that is selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, tinting material constitutes about 0.1-about 2 weight % of hydrophobic particle.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, anti-UV agent and SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER account for about 0.01-about 2 weight % of hydrophobic particle separately.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, abrasive accounts for about 0.1-about 0.5 weight % of this hydrophobic particle.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of method for preparing hydrophobic particle, this method comprises with hydrophobic powder and is coated with granular core material that this hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain, thereby this hydrophobic particle is provided.

According to the additional features in described the preferred embodiments of the invention below, this method further comprises, before coating, is coated with viscous layer on granular core material, and this viscous layer is bonded to hydrophobic powder on the core material.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the step that applies viscous layer on granular core material comprises makes granular core material mix with the viscous mixt that contains membrane-forming agent and volatile solvent, and from the mixture of this granular core material and viscous mixt, remove all volatile solvents, thereby provide the granular core material that has applied viscous layer on it.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the step that applies viscous layer on granular core material comprises to be made granular core material and (for example contains water accack and aqueous solvent, water) water-based viscous mixt mixes, and from the mixture of granular core material and viscous mixt, remove all aqueous solvents, thereby provide the granular core material that has applied viscous layer on it.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further is included in before dry this granular core material of coating.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, dry this granular core material before this method further is included in and mixes.

According to the additional features in the described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises, after coating, solidifies this hydrophobic particle.

According to the additional features in the described preferred embodiment, solidify the time of having carried out 1-30 days.

According to the additional features in the described preferred embodiment, removing by the evaporation heating of volatile solvent undertaken.

According to the additional features in the described preferred embodiment, removing at room temperature of volatile solvent carried out.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this volatile solvent is the organic solvent of boiling point in about 80 ℃ one about 200 ℃ scopes.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method comprises that further before coating, the additive in making granular core material and being selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive mixes.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises, before coating, the granular core material that has viscous layer on it is mixed with additive in being selected from the group of being made of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this granular core material has the median size in 25 millimeters-5 micrometer ranges.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this granular core material is a quartz sand.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this membrane-forming agent is a film forming urethane.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this viscous mixt further comprises tackiness agent.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this tackiness agent is the volatile hydrocarbon with at least 12 carbon atoms.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this tackiness agent is to be selected from the group of being made up of liquid bitumen, paraffin, beeswax, wool wax, Semen Lini oil and their combination.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, hydrophobic powder has 0.02 micron-50 median size in the micrometer range.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic powder has 1m ²/ gram-60m ₂Surface-area in the/gram scope.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide accounts for 1-99 weight % of hydrophobic powder.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, viscous layer accounts for about 0.5-about 7 weight % of hydrophobic particle.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, hydrophobic powder accounts for about 0.1-about 5 weight % of hydrophobic particle.

When further imagination is of the present invention, envision effective hydrophobic composites, comprising that hydrophobic particle and hydrophobicity are free-pouring gathers materials, can avoid using the shortcoming of organic membrane-forming agent and tackiness agent like this by with through the preparation of water base viscous layer agglutinating hydrophobic material coating core material.

When the present invention is reverted to actually operating, further find hydrophobic material to be bonded to the water-based viscous layer of core material by use, can easily prepare cost-efficient, safe preparation and eco-friendly hydrophobic material, and still obtain the performance of the hope of formed matrix material simultaneously.

Therefore, according to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of hydrophobic composites that comprises the core material that is coated with by hydrophobic material, wherein hydrophobic material is by viscous layer and core material bonding.

According to the additional features in following described the preferred embodiments of the invention, water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this water accack is pitch-latex thickener.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic material is the group that is selected from by comprising that at least a hydrophobic powder, hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide, melt polypropylene and their any mixture that has connected the impurity element of hydrocarbon chain constitutes.

This hydrophobic composites, core material and hydrophobic powder are as described hereinbefore.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of method for preparing hydrophobic composites described above, it comprises makes core material and comprises that water accack mixes with the water viscosity mixture of aqueous solvent; Remove aqueous solvent thereby the core material that has applied water accack on it is provided; And be coated with the core material that has applied the water accack layer on it with hydrophobic material, thereby hydrophobic composites is provided.

According to the additional features of following described the preferred embodiments of the invention, the concentration of water accack is in the scope of about 1 weight %-about 99 weight % in the water-based viscous mixt.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further is included in the dry core material that has applied water base viscous layer on it before the coating.

According to the additional features in the described preferred embodiment, removing by the rotating cage drying of aqueous solvent undertaken.

According to the additional features in the described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises, before coating, the core material that has water base viscous layer on it mixed with additive in being selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide the free-pouring hydrophobicity that to resist predetermined maximum hydraulic pressure to gather materials, this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised a plurality of particles of different sizes, wherein the contact angle between size distribution, liquid and the particle and at least one in the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle are selected, make and to gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting, prevented that liquid is by the free-pouring hydrophobic infiltration of gathering materials when free-pouring hydrophobicity.

According to the additional features in following described the preferred embodiments of the invention, this layer has the thickness of about 1cm-about 10cm, and further wherein should equal highly to be the above water column of 100cm by predetermined peak pressure.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this free-pouring hydrophobic gathering materials further comprises the compatible and expanded granular that can absorb liquid of the kapillary that forms between size and particle.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the swellability particulate freezing temperature that is in swelling state and deflated state is approximately below-20 degrees centigrade.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, size distribution is selected, make free-pouring hydrophobicity gather materials and be characterised in that it has minimum water-retaining capacity.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, from the group of forming by thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and latent heat, select predetermined thermal characteristics.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, select size distribution can allow evaporation of liquid so that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, size distribution is directly proportional with the peak pressure of being scheduled to.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the contact cosine of an angle is directly proportional with predetermined peak pressure, and this contact angle is from by the tangent line measurement on the free-pouring hydrophobic surface that limits of gathering materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, characteristic distance is inversely proportional to the peak pressure of being scheduled to.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, a plurality of particles of different sizes comprise via the granular core material of selecting the hydrophobic powder coating that contact angle is provided.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic powder comprise can absorption fluids expandable hollow particles.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the diameter of expandable hollow particles is about 1 micron to about 100 microns.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, be in the expandable hollow particles of the swelling state and the deflated state of expandable hollow particles, its freezing temperature is for approximately below-20 degrees centigrade.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, when being in deflated state, this shell expanded granular accounts for the 1 volume % that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide the hydrophobicity brick, it comprises the protectiveness encapsulant with predetermined shape and the free-pouring hydrophobicity that is packaged in the encapsulation of this protectiveness is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described the preferred embodiments of the invention below, this hydrophobicity brick further comprises compatible with the kapillary that forms and the expandable hollow particles can absorption fluids of particle diameter between particle.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide to the method for a part of waterproof of ground contacting structure, it comprises: the bed body that provides free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials; And this structure is placed on the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials or within.

According to the additional features in described the preferred embodiments of the invention below, this method further comprises the bed by protecting free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials in the protective structures that this is packed into.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the thickness of the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 1-15cm.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the thickness of the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 4-10cm.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide the method for subterranean wall (undergroundwall) waterproof, the side wall that the free-pouring hydrophobicity that it comprises provides at least one subterranean wall adjacent to this structure is gathered materials to structure.

According to the additional features in described the preferred embodiments of the invention below, this method further comprises by this side wall is enclosed the side wall of protecting free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials in protective structures.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises as time goes by, recharges the side wall that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment; the side wall that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials comprises the arrangement of hydrophobicity brick, and wherein each piece all is to have predetermined shape and encapsulated the protectiveness encapsulant that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises uses the material that is selected from the group that is made of liquid and thickener to be coated with the subterranean wall of this structure.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this structure is existing structure, and this method is used as method for repairing and mending.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this structure is new structure, and this method is used in the process of structure.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide the method to the ground waterproof of structure, this method comprises provides the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials on this structure, and the base plate (floor) of this structure is arranged on the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

According to the additional features in described the preferred embodiments of the invention below, this method further comprises the bed by protecting free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials in this inclosure protective structures.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises to be imbedded pipe in the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide the method to the top waterproof of structure, described top has sidewall, and this method comprises: the bed that provides free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials on this top; And hide the bed that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, to protect this bed.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this covering comprise to this free-pouring hydrophobicity gather materials the bed on apply base plate.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment; the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials comprises the arrangement of hydrophobicity brick, wherein each piece all be have a predetermined shape and encapsulated the protectiveness encapsulant that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the thickness of the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 4-7cm.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide the method that makes the water reservoir waterproof, this method comprises: the paving bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is placed in the substrate of water reservoir; And the wall that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is placed on the wall of water reservoir; At least a in paving bed that wherein free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and the wall covered by the protection structure, and described protection structure is designed and builds to be used for free-pouring hydrophobicity gathered materials to remain on correct position.

According to the additional features in described the preferred embodiments of the invention below, the thickness of the paving bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 4-15cm.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method comprises that further free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with light-weight aggregate.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this protective structures is selected from the group of being made up of tile, geotextile, concrete, plastics and their combination.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment; at least a arrangement that comprises the hydrophobicity brick in paving bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and the side wall, each piece all are to have predetermined shape and encapsulate the protectiveness encapsulant that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and further comprise size and swellability particle that can absorption fluids compatible with the kapillary that forms between particle.

According to a further aspect in the invention; provide and be used to protect the method that is embedded in subterranean object; this method comprises provides free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials; and in the mode of layer between this object and soil that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, the layer that gathers materials by free-pouring hydrophobicity centers on this object.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, to such an extent as to the maximum diameter capillaceous of selecting distribution of sizes to form between particle is suitable for repelling liquid.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, be characterised in that predetermined sound insulation capabilities to such an extent as to select the free-pouring hydrophobicity of distribution of sizes to gather materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the granular core material that is coated with by hydrophobic powder, and this hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic powder comprise when contacting with fluid can absorption fluids expandable hollow particles.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

According to a further aspect in the invention; the hydrophobic composition that is used to protect underground object is provided; it comprises that heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, to such an extent as to gather materials and dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials make this underground object electrical isolation when being made its conduction hot with predetermined mixed this heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity of selecting.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic composition further comprises size and at the compatible swellability particle of kapillary that is gathered materials by heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity and/or dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and formed between the particle that constitutes, this swelling property particle can absorption fluids.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, under swelling state that is in this expandable hollow particles and deflated state, the expandable hollow particles freezing temperature is approximately below-20 degrees centigrade.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic composition further comprises at least a additive that is selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

According to another aspect of the present invention, protection underground object method is provided, this method comprises: provide to comprise that heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and the hydrophobic composition that gathers materials of dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity, and center on this object in the mode of layer between this object and soil of this hydrophobic composition with the layer of this hydrophobic composition; Gather materials and dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials so that make this underground object electrical isolation when making its conduction hot with predetermined mixed this heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity of selecting.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic composition further comprises expandable hollow particles, its size and gather materials by heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity and/or the gather materials kapillary that forms between the particle that constitutes of dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity compatible, this swelling property particle can absorption fluids.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, under swelling state that is in this expandable hollow particles and deflated state, the expandable hollow particles freezing temperature is all approximately below-20 degrees centigrade.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide the method for producing the hydrophobic composition that is used to protect underground object, this method comprises: provide heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials; Provide dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials; And gather materials and dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials with predetermined mixed this heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity; Select this predetermined ratio so that make the underground object electrical isolation and conduction heat.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this underground object is selected from the group of being made up of underground cable, underground electric wire, underground communication cable and underground communication electric wire.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and or at least a granular core material that comprise by hydrophobic powder coating of dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity in gathering materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this hydrophobic powder has recognizable color.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this granulous core material further is colored coating and is coated with.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this colored film is water resisting.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment; this method further comprises gathers materials heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity and dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and mixed with expandable hollow particles; the size of this expandable hollow particles and gather materials by heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity and/or the gather materials kapillary that forms between the particle that constitutes of dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity compatible, this swelling property particle can absorption fluids.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, to calculate by weight, the receptivity of expandable hollow particles is about 100-about 5000.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the diameter of expandable hollow particles is about 1 micron to about 1000 microns.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises gathers materials heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity and dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and mixed with at least a additive that is selected from the group of being made up of tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this granular core material is selected from the group of being made up of sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and at least a in gathering materials of dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity comprises a plurality of particles of different sizes.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, to size distribution, contact angle between liquid and the particle and at least one in the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle are selected, to such an extent as to gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting when free-pouring hydrophobicity, prevent that liquid is by the free-pouring hydrophobic infiltration of gathering materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this liquid is water.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this layer has the thickness of about 1cm-about 10cm, and wherein should equal the above water column of 30cm height by predetermined peak pressure in addition.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, distribution of sizes is characterised in that in 1-1400 microns scope and changes.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, select distribution of sizes so that the maximum diameter capillaceous of the formation between the particle is suitable for repelling the liquid of predetermined peak pressure.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, to such an extent as to the maximum diameter of selecting to form between the size distribution particle capillaceous is 1 nanometer-500 nanometer.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide preparation to be used for the method in the zone of cultivated plant, it comprises provides bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials and covers the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials with pedosphere on this zone, thereby prepares to be used for the zone of cultivated plant.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, the gather materials bed that constitutes of free-pouring hydrophobicity comprises the arrangement of hydrophobic patch (patches), wherein each fritter be have a predetermined shape and encapsulate the encapsulant that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this protectiveness encapsulant is made by degradation material.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, between adjacent hydrophobicity patch, form at least one gap to such an extent as to arrange the hydrophobicity patch.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises with superabsorbent polymers and covers the bed that this free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises arranges that at least one passage of collecting water is passed to water transport in the soil.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises with the protective barrier layer around pedosphere.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this protective barrier layer comprises that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide method of growing plants, it comprises: the bed that gathers materials to free-pouring hydrophobicity provides a zone; Cover the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials with pedosphere; Thereby and under the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, provide the waterborne liquid cultivated plant.

According to the additional features in following described the preferred embodiments of the invention, this waterborne liquid is the salt buck.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises arranges that at least one passage of collecting water is carried water under the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the method that is used for preparing not contain saline and alkaline zone on salt-affected soil is provided, it is included in provides bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials and covers the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials with non-saline and alkaline soil on the salt-affected soil, thereby preparation does not contain saline and alkaline zone.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, it comprises that further free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with light-weight aggregate.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method further comprises with super absorbent polymer and covers the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, design and build bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials and make the water desalination that does not have desalination below being present in it, desalination is to realize by the bed that the water demineralizing steam that will not have desalination gathers materials by free-pouring hydrophobicity.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised a plurality of particles of different sizes, and in addition, wherein the contact angle between size distribution, liquid and the particle and at least one in the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle are selected, gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch, prevent that liquid is by the free-pouring hydrophobic infiltration of gathering materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this method comprises that further size is compatible with the kapillary that forms and can absorb this fluidic expandable hollow particles between particle.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for the 2 volume % that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this expandable hollow particles comprises super absorbent polymer.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, this expandable hollow particles comprises anti crack agent.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, be characterised in that predetermined proportion to such an extent as to select this free-pouring hydrophobicity of size distribution to gather materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, select size distribution so that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and be characterised in that minimum receptivity.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, select size distribution to be characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics so that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the additional features in described preferred embodiment, select size distribution can allow vaporised liquid so that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

In above mentioned either side of the present invention, this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is preferably included one or more above described hydrophobic composites.

The present invention has successfully solved the shortcoming of present known structure by performance with prior art head and shoulders above and hydrophobic composites and the particle that is fit to be used in various application are provided.The present invention produces this hydrophobic composites and particulate method by providing in addition, has successfully solved the shortcoming in the present known method of production.

Except other has definition, employed in this article all technology have the common identical implication of understanding of this application one skilled in the art with scientific terminology.Though in the invention process or test, can use similar or identical method described herein and raw material, following suitable method and the material still described.If conflict, then will adjust the specification sheets of patent, comprise definition.In addition, these raw materials, method and example be indicative be not be used for the restriction.

Description of drawings

Only by embodiment, present invention is described with reference to appended accompanying drawing at this.Now at length specifically with reference to accompanying drawing,, and be best suited for by believing and the description of the easiest understanding principle of the present invention and notion aspect proposes just as an example and for exemplary discussion the preferred embodiments of the invention in this shown details that requires emphasis in order to provide.To this, do not carry out than necessarily principle of the present invention being understood the trial that shows CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION of the present invention in further detail, with reference to description that accompanying drawing carried out can so that those skilled in the art for how several forms of the present invention being specialized obviously in actually operating.

In these figure:

Fig. 1 is according to the preferred embodiments of the invention, and the exemplarily for example clear free-pouring hydrophobicity of particulate with a plurality of different-grain diameters is gathered materials;

Fig. 2 A-B exemplarily for example understands the existing method to the foundations waterproof;

Fig. 3 A-C exemplarily for example understands the method to the foundations waterproof according to the preferred embodiments of the invention;

Fig. 4 A-B exemplarily for example understands hydrophobicity brick and hydrophobicity brick wall according to embodiment preferred of the present invention;

Fig. 5 A-B exemplarily for example understands the method to the floor waterproof in house according to embodiment preferred of the present invention;

Fig. 6 A-B exemplarily for example understands the art methods to roof water-proof;

Fig. 7 exemplarily for example understands the method to flat roof water-proof according to embodiment preferred of the present invention;

Fig. 8 exemplarily for example understands the method to the water reservoir waterproof according to embodiment preferred of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, and exemplarily for example understanding is used for hydrophobicity gathered materials keeps in place the tile with jagged edge;

Figure 10 is according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, to the schematic illustrations of the hydrophobic composition that is used to protect underground object;

Figure 11 is according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, is used to protect the schema of the method for underground object;

Figure 12 a is according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, to being embedded in the schematic illustrations of object underground and that centered on by the hydrophobic composition layer;

Figure 12 b is according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, to the schematic illustrations of the object that is positioned over dykes and dams and centered on by the hydrophobic composition layer;

Figure 13 is according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, produces the schema of the method for the hydrophobic composition be used to protect underground object;

Embodiment

The invention relates to new hydrophobic composites with excellent in chemical and physicals and particle, and about their production method, they can be used in during various waterproof and oil suction use valuably.Unrestricted flow of the present invention further relates to the purposes that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, and provides the erosion that is protected from wind and water to free-pouring gathering materials simultaneously.Particularly, hydrophobic composites of the present invention.Particle and free-pouring hydrophobicity gather materials comprise core and coating composition, this coating composition make formed product to use in waterproof and desalination as high hydraulic pressure, wearing and tearing, reactive washing composition etc. in a plurality of parameters of being run into keep weather resistance.Compare with the hydrophobic composites of the described prior art of superincumbent background technology part, hydrophobic composites of the present invention, particle and free-pouring hydrophobicity are gathered materials can more cost-efficient production.

With reference to accompanying drawing and appended description, the utilization that can gather materials to principle of the present invention and hydrophobic composites, particle, free-pouring hydrophobicity and use their method to understand better.

Before at length explaining at least one embodiment of the present invention, should be appreciated that the present invention it is not used limit displayed out in the following description or in the accompanying drawings in the arrangement details of institute's diagrammatic structure and formation.The present invention can have other embodiment and can implement in every way or carry out.In addition, should be appreciated that employed word and term are that it should not be considered to be restriction for purpose of description here.

As discussing in hereinbefore the background technology part, present known hydrophobic composites not only had been subjected to their performance but also had been subjected to the restriction of their usefulness.For example, found by Craig at US4,474, disclosed hydrophobic composites can not be stood the hydraulic pressure that is higher than 2-3cm in 852, thereby can not be used in the various common waterproof applications that under high pressure to refuse water, for example as the coating of water reservoir and as the gravpack or the rock ballast of roadbed or side wall.Disclosed hydrophobic composites comprises the hydrophobic coating that is made of the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide basically in WO 03/044124, thus its highly expensive and make the surface of this matrix material be acid easily with reactive washing composition reaction.Such hydrophobic composites, except efficient was hanged down economically, it was unfriendly further to show as environment usually, can not be used in effectively in the external coating (EC) on various application examples such as various surfaces.

In to hydrophobic composites, particle and free-pouring research of gathering materials with improvement performance, the present inventor finds, the hydrophobic powder that use is made of one or more impurity elements that connected one or more hydrocarbon, the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide that can buy on optional and the market combines, can be in environmental friendliness and environmentally advantageous method preparation and produce good water repellency and for for example high hydraulic pressure of parameter, the dynamic weather resistance of water mill damage and reactive washing composition etc.

Therefore, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of hydrophobic composites here, it comprises that this powder comprises that one or more have connected the impurity element of hydrocarbon chain by the core material of hydrophobic powder coating.As described in detail hereinafter, according to the shape of this core material, this hydrophobic powder can also be used to provide hydrophobic particle, and provides more preferably that hydrophobicity is free-pouring gathers materials.

As employed in this article, word " impurity element " comprises not the chemical element in the periodictable that uses with their pure form.These impurity elements can be the natural impurity element for example, the element of oxidation or the element of carbonization or can be by, for example, a spot of other element and/or various organic substance be adulterated purified or impurity element further.As describing in further detail hereinafter, the impurity in the element be essential in case make this element easily with the organic substance generation surface reaction that contains hydrocarbon chain.

Selected element is metal, semi-metal or transition metal preferably.Can be used in the context of the invention, be in the example impurity form, representational preferred elements, include but not limited to, magnesium, calcium, aluminium, zinc, sodium, barium, zirconium, manganese, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron and their combination.These elements are according to the hope application choice of final hydrophobicity product.For example, to be used in the situation that building and buildings use in the finished product be preferred to the hydrophobic powder that comprises the impurity calcium, magnesium and/or the zinc that contain hydrocarbon chain.

As employed in this article, the carbon atom chain that word " hydrocarbon chain " has been described covalent bonds each other and replaced by hydrogen atom.This hydrocarbon chain can be line style or branching, saturated or undersaturated chain, thereby it can be in randomly by for example form of the alkylidene chain of one or more aryl interval or replacement.Hydrocarbon chain of the present invention comprises at least 10 carbon atoms, preferred at least 12 carbon atoms or more, for example 13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 or more a plurality of carbon atom.Obviously, such hydrocarbon chain is a high hydrophobicity, thereby, when it is used to coating, make this powder be hydrophobicity.

Can for example static interaction and Van der Waals interaction be connected to hydrocarbon chain on the impurity element by various interactions.Yet this hydrocarbon chain preferably covalent linkage is connected on this element, thereby forms the hydrophobic derivatives of this element.

Therefore, preferred hydrocarbon chain according to the present invention be can with the group of the hydrophobic organic compound matter of impurity element reaction.Such organic substance have can with the functional group of impurity element surface reaction, this functional group is connected with hydrocarbon chain.

The representational example of such organic substance is the lipid acid with at least 12 carbon atoms.Lipid acid can pass through its carboxyl terminal and the various functional group reactionses on the impurity element, thereby above-described hydrophobic derivatives is provided.The representational example of operable lipid acid includes but not limited in the context of the present invention: stearic acid, lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitinic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.

Therefore, hydrophobic powder of the present invention preferably includes the mixture of above defined a kind of impurity element or impurity element, thereby thereby selected impurity makes the surface of element provide its covalent linkage to be connected the impurity element of the alkyl of organic substance with organic substance chemical reaction described above easily.

The representative embodiment of operable hydrophobic powder comprises in the context of the present invention, but be not limited to, the powder that oxidation element (for example, the colloidal solid of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide etc.) by containing free hydroxyl group on its surface and lipid acid such as stearic surface reaction obtain.The carboxyl reaction of free hydroxyl group and lipid acid, thus corresponding ester formed.

The representational example of another of operable hydrophobic powder comprises in the context of the present invention, but be not limited to, for example magnesium oxide and the further adulterated carbonate element of ferric oxide be (for example by oxidized element, and other material for example silicate and vitriol and the powder that obtains of the surface reaction of described lipid acid above lime carbonate).

Yet, should be noted that, (for example, derive from Kfar-GilaadiQuarries, Israel) by buying from the market with the powder that is prepared by the surface reaction of further adulterated lime carbonate with stearic acid.Yet this powder never is used as hydrophobic powder and only is used in medicine industry and the plastics industry at present.

Hydrophobic powder of the present invention shows surface-area usually at 1m ²/ gram-20m ²The feature of/gram.Yet needing under the situation of high surface area, can grind this hydrophobic powder so that surface-area is brought up to 50m ²/ gram above (for example, 60m2/ gram).Should be noted that, in this respect, present known hydrophobic coating, for example, at US4,474,852 and WO03/044124 described in hydrophobic coating be characterised in that surface-area is about 50m ²/ gram.Though some other super-hydrophobicity powder has up to 250m ²The surface-area of/gram has shown that here surface-area is about 60m ²The hydrophobic powder of/gram since other physical parameter (air entrapment that for example, is described in more detail below) with and low-cost but highly effective.

Because its specific chemical structure, hydrophobic powder of the present invention shows " as soap " performance, so its additional features is that for alkaline reagents for example washing composition is inactive.Should notice again in this respect that present known hydrophobic coating based on the lyophobic colloid oxide compound is characterised in that easily therefore can not to be used in such reagent react relates in the application of using washing composition.

Hydrophobic powder of the present invention has 0.02 micron-50 microns, and preferred 0.1 micron-20 microns, and the more preferably median size in 0.1 micron-10 micrometer range.

Prove that as below embodiment part like that, the hydrophobic composites that is coated with by hydrophobic powder of the present invention is characterised in that high water repellency.Yet, as being described in more detail below, in some cases, it may be useful being used in combination hydrophobic powder of the present invention and hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

Therefore, according to embodiment of the present invention, this hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

As using in this article, word ＂ hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide ＂ has described the silicon-dioxide of the colloid form that makes by burning silicon tetrachloride in the hydrogen-oxygen stove, and wherein its lip-deep individual particle is chemically bonded on the hydrophobicity trimethoxy siloxy-.The hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide is the common median size that can buy on the market less than 1 micron powder, and if be present in the hydrophobic powder of the present invention, it can account for 1-99 weight % of this powder.Formed mixed powder has 0.02 micron-20 microns median size usually.

Therefore, can comprise by the core material that combination was coated with of described hydrophobic powder and hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide above according to hydrophobic composites of the present invention, yet the content of each element in these powder is by the core material of selecting and/or predetermined by the expectation purposes of the finished product.For example, in the application of the high water repellency of needs, hydrophobic composites or particle should have smaller particle size, and therefore, this mixed powder should be made of the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide of higher amount.In the application of the low water repellency of needs, hydrophobic composites or particle should have bigger particle diameter, and therefore, this mixed powder should be made of the above described hydrophobic powder of higher amount.The use of minimum hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide is owing to reduced the cost of the finished product in fact but highly favourable.

Under any circumstance, hydrophobic powder of the present invention, combine separately or with the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide, account for about 0.1-5 weight % of this hydrophobic composites, and comprise higher amount above described hydrophobic powder powder account for about 2-about 5 weight % of this matrix material, and comprise that the powder of the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide of higher amount accounts for about 0.1-about 2 weight % of this matrix material.

As in this paper full text, using, term ＂ is about, and ＂ is meant ± 10%.

Core material by hydrophobic powder coating of the present invention can be selected from multiple organic and inorganic substance, and wherein from the viewpoint of cost and available, inorganic substance (for example, mineral substance) are favourable.

The physical aspect of core material can change, and wherein particle and granulated material are preferred.Preferred core material has about 25 millimeters (25,000 microns) to 5 microns, and more preferably 10 millimeters to 20 micrometer ranges, is more preferably 5 millimeters to 100 microns and the median size in 1,000 micron-200 micrometer range most preferably.Such core material also is known as in this article gathers materials.Non-particulate, on-granulated, complete core material also within the scope of the invention.

The representational example of the core material that can preferably use comprises in the context of the present invention, but be not limited to sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

Representational example according to preferred core material of the present invention is that particle diameter is 600-800 microns a quartz sand.

Hydrophobic composites of the present invention preferably further comprises viscous layer, and this viscous layer is bonded to hydrophobic powder on the core material.Viscous layer is as first coating that is deposited on the core material, and it with the grappling of hydrophobicity external coating (EC) thereon.

This viscous layer preferably includes for example film forming urethane of shape of membrane-forming agent.Usually the film forming urethane of any shape that is used in the coatings art can be used in the operation of the present invention.Be included in this class is known two components and mono-component polyurethane coating system.Two components system are that the compound reaction by aliphatics or aromatic isocyanate and hydroxyl forms, and the compound of described hydroxyl for example is the multifunctional polyester based on adipic acid, Tetra hydro Phthalic anhydride, ethylene glycol and TriMethylolPropane(TMP).Can be derived from those of the stable isocyanic ester-terminated prepolymer that forms by aliphatics or aromatic isocyanate and multifunctional polyethers or polyester as the representative of the mono-component polyurethane coating system of viscous layer.Because drying is not contain the group of isocyanic ester and the moisture in water or the environment by prepolymer to react and cause, so these single-component systems are commonly called " moisture-curable " polyurethane coating.Another single polymer coating that can be used to prepare hydrophobic composites is " carboxylamine ester oil " or " urethanated alkyd ", it is the reaction product of the siccative oil derivative of vulcabond and hydroxyl, and the siccative oil derivative of this hydroxyl is for example produced by unsaturated glyceride and many pure alcoholysis as TriMethylolPropane(TMP).

Viscous layer of the present invention may further include and membrane-forming agent bonded tackiness agent, thereby improved grappling quality is provided and the magnetism of the increase of the product that closes to oil with oil phase is provided to this viscous layer in the longer time period.Therefore, use according to the expectation of the finished product, the existence of tackiness agent and relative amount depend on the needs to such performance.

This tackiness agent preferably includes the volatile hydrocarbon with at least 12 carbon atoms, for example, and pitch.

As using in this article, term ＂ pitch ＂ has described the material of Vandyke brown to the cementaceous of black, and wherein main element is a nature pitch that exist or that obtain in refining of petroleum, and the latter is preferred, mainly due to being more prone to acquisition.Pitch can be solid/semisolid or liquid, and wherein the latter is preferred.

Yet, other tackiness agent, for example, paraffin, beeswax, wool wax, Semen Lini oil and any other the wax that can buy can be used in the context of the present invention.Though their relative contents in viscous mixt preferably are lower than bituminous content.

More preferably, as being described in more detail below, this viscous layer is water base viscous layer, preferably includes water accack.

Depend on the particle diameter of core material, the selected expectation application for preparing hydrophobic composites, particle or free-pouring method of gathering materials and the finished product; viscous layer of the present invention preferably accounts for about 0.5-about 7 weight %, more preferably 1-5 weight % of hydrophobic composites.For example, have under the situation of 150 microns-1000 median sizes in the micrometer range, use viscous layer in a small amount, for example the hydrophobic composites of 0.5-1 weight % in core material.Have greater than under 1000 microns or the situation less than 150 microns median size in core material, the viscous layer of higher amount is preferred.As that go through in below the embodiment part and further illustrational (referring to, embodiment 5 and 9), the viscous layer of use higher amount (for example, the 1 weight % that surpasses this matrix material, preferred 2 weight %) cause being rich in the matrix material of " free particles ", it is characterized in that the anti-dynamic abradability of enhanced.In addition, hydrophobic composites be as situation about hereinafter preparing in " cold " described in detail method under, the viscous layer of higher amount (for example, 3-7 of this matrix material weight %) needs.

As further describe in below the embodiment part with illustrational (referring to embodiment 10), can pre-determine the amount of needed viscous layer.

By membrane-forming agent and tackiness agent (if present) are dissolved in the volatile solvent, viscous layer of the present invention is applied on the core material easily, so that form uniform composition and provide viscous layer in the lip-deep uniform deposition of core material.As being described in more detail below, such viscous layer mixture is mixed with core material, while evaporating volatile solvent.

The preferred ingredients of this viscous layer mixture comprises that according to the size and the weight of core material, content is the film-forming properties urethane of 5-25 weight % of viscous layer mixture; According to the expectation purposes of employed core material, employed tackiness agent and the finished product, content is the tackiness agent of 0-25 weight of viscous layer mixture; According to other element, content is the volatile solvent of 50-95 weight % of this mixture.

Because volatile solvent is as just the medium that viscous layer is deposited on the core material, so can use any volatile solvent of the element that can dissolve this viscous layer.Yet preferred solvent comprises that boiling point is at about 80 ℃-about 200 ℃ petroleum distillate, for example mineral turpentine or paint thinner.The representational example of preferred volatile solvent is a toluene, and it evaporates easily under low relatively temperature and causes this mixture to be diffused rapidly on the core material.

Randomly and preferably, easily water base viscous layer is coated on the core material by water accack being dissolved in the aqueous solvent (preferably water), thereby forms uniform composition and the uniform deposition of viscous layer on core material is provided.As being described in more detail below, such water-based viscous layer mixture is mixed and after this it to be carried out rotating cage dry so that remove aqueous solvent with core material.

Application on the estimation and employed core material, hydrophobic composites of the present invention may further include various additives, and this provides improved performance to hydrophobic composites.The representational example of such additive includes, but not limited to tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

The tinting material that can be used in the context of the invention comprises any present known mineral or organic colorant, and wherein the mineral tinting material is preferred.The preferred content that joins the tinting material in the matrix material is in the scope of about 0.1-2 weight % of hydrophobic composites.

Formed painted hydrophobic composites can advantageously be used in various application, for example needs to recognize easily the application of hydrophobic composites or relates in the application of exterior coating.The representational example of such application is that painted hydrophobicity sand is used for the purposes of mark submarine cable, don't excavate around so that warn.In addition, because it can improve the surface tension of this matrix material sometimes, thereby make it more hydrophobic, it is more favourable therefore tinting material being joined in the hydrophobic composites.

In order to improve the radiativity of anti-UV of this matrix material, will resist the UV agent to join in the hydrophobic composites of the present invention, and in high radiation geographical position such as external coating (EC) or roof or other surface, be useful especially therefore.The representational example that can be used in the anti-UV agent in the context of the present invention includes, but not limited to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, and these two kinds also can be as SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER.The preferred amount that joins anti-UV agent in this matrix material and SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER is in the scope of about 0.01-2 weight % of hydrophobic composites.

In order to improve the wearability of matrix material, in this hydrophobic composites, add abrasive usually, therefore, it is used in this matrix material usually and is exposed in the application of continuous wearing and tearing.The representational example that can be used in the abrasive in the context of the invention includes, but not limited to powder abrasive for example titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide ((Al ₂O ₃, silicon carbide).The preferred amount that joins the abrasive in this matrix material is in the scope of about 0.1-0.25 weight % of hydrophobic composites.

Therefore, such as mentioned above, hydrophobic composites of the present invention comprises that the core material that is coated with by described hydrophobic powder (preferably combining with the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide) above constitutes, and the viscous layer described in preferably further comprising as mentioned.Randomly, use according to their expectation, hydrophobic composites of the present invention further comprises the additive of the performance that is used to improve them.

Representational example according to hydrophobic composites of the present invention is the quartz sand that mixture was coated with in the proportional range of 20:1 to 2:1 by hydrophobic powder described herein and hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide, thereby by viscous layer this hydrophobicity mixture is bonded on this sand.

Hydrophobic composites of the present invention is owing to comprise cheap and available material, and be better than present known matrix material, they are characterised in that alkaline reagents, for example, washing composition is inactive, and, as proving in the embodiment part below, they show that good water repellency and its feature further be can be at least 2 normal atmosphere to up under 5 atmospheric external pressures almost, prevent water adhesion on it and anti-sealing infiltrate wherein, and decreasing for dynamic water mill is high-durability, just, keeps hydrophobicity under at least 2 months continuous dynamic water mills decrease.

Thereby, hydrophobic composites of the present invention can be used in countless application, for example, but be not limited to, as the water-resisting agent in buildings and the highway structure, as casting resin under the concrete road plate or bed material or, as the lip-deep external coating (EC) in paving in the apical pore on road surface is repaired as below ground and the wall coating more than the ground, as on the pitch roof or thick watt, the perhaps surrogate that gathers materials commonly used in building the roof.In addition, come up in these hydrophobic composites surface that can be applied to lacquer provides competent waterproof layer on wood, metal, concrete, stone, brick and specific synthetic base material.

In addition, according to the present invention, provide the method for preparing above-described hydrophobic composites.Usually, this method is to combine with the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide by using hydrophobic powder of the present invention, choosing wantonly, is coated on the core material of above describing and realizes.The relative quantity of the amount of hydrophobic powder and hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide is discussed in as mentioned predetermined like that.Under the situation of the mixture that has applied hydrophobic powder and hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide, before being coated to them on the core material, this mixture is to prepare in the container that separates.

Further comprise under the situation that hydrophobic powder is attached to the viscous layer on the core material at this matrix material, this method further comprises, before with the hydrophobic powder coating, the such viscous layer of coating on this core material, and, more specifically, the viscous layer mixture of the pre-preparation that contains membrane-forming agent, volatile solvent and optional tackiness agent is as described above mixed with core material, from formed mixture, remove all volatile solvents simultaneously, thereby the core material that has applied viscous layer on it is provided.

Randomly and preferably, this viscous layer is that water base viscous layer and this method further comprise, before with the hydrophobic powder coating, the such viscous layer of coating on this core material, and, more specifically, the previously prepared viscous layer mixture that contains aqueous-based adhesive and aqueous solvent is as described above mixed with this core material, from formed mixture, remove all volatile solvents simultaneously, thereby the core material that has applied water base viscous layer on it is provided.

In below embodiment part described in detail like that, this viscous layer mixture be prepare by its element of mixing under heating and preferably it is added on the core material in heat.The relative quantity of each element in this mixture is discussed in as mentioned predetermined like that, simultaneously as described in the part of embodiment below with illustrational, the total amount of needed viscous layer also can be determined in advance.

Removing normally by the vapo(u)rability heating of volatile solvent undertaken, but scheme can at room temperature be carried out as an alternative.

Therefore, total method can be carried out under heating, perhaps can carry out as " cold " method under the situation of heat outside not applying as embodiment part illustrated below as an alternative." cold " method is usually directed to the viscous layer of higher amount.

Under any circumstance, because core material should contain the moisture that is no more than 1 weight %, evenly be coated with so that guarantee particulate, therefore, before application step, preferably dry this core material reaches this degree.This core material is normally in 90 ℃-120 ℃ scope, preferably at 104 ℃ of following exsiccant.After drying, this core material can be used or can be stored in the container of sealing while hot and be after this applied in the time of refrigerative.

In case this hydrophobic composites is produced out, preferably it is cured so that obtain final product.According to the composition of hydrophobic composites, set time is usually in 1-30 days scope.For example, under the situation of only using hydrophobic powder of the present invention, need 30 days set time.Under hydrophobic powder and situation that the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide is used in combination, shortened pro rata by the relative quantity with the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide set time, and be shortened 1 day.

Particularly,, and use water-based agent or mixture in other application, cause people's interest recently to heavens at hydrophobic composites in view of new environmental legislation and other restriction relevant with organic reagent, solution or mixture.

When the method for in organic solvent, carrying out, simple with regard to cost, safety, dangerous and environmental consideration item is considered to the highly disadvantageous while, and usually at aqueous solution, particularly the method for carrying out in water has then been avoided these shortcomings fully.

Therefore, relate to and use water base viscous layer and therefore use the preparation of aqueous solution as the hydrophobic composites of main preparation medium, because it is cost-efficient, safety, use the system of simplifying and be eco-friendly, but highly favourable.

Yet as under the situation of composition of the present invention, it is needs highly that water-based agent or mixture are used for the bonding hydrophobic material that is intended to repel water.

The present inventor finds to comprise core material surprisingly and can be prepared at an easy rate by the hydrophobic composites that water base viscous layer adheres to the hydrophobic material on the core material, still reached the characteristic of the hope of formed hydrophobic composites simultaneously.As discussing hereinbefore, because relating to, they use cost-efficient, easy to handle, safety and eco-friendly aqueous medium, such hydrophobic composites is highly favourable.

Therefore, according to a further aspect in the invention, provide the hydrophobic composites that comprises the core material that has been coated with hydrophobic material, this hydrophobic material has been bonded on the core material by water base viscous layer.

For the water base viscous layer that can effectively hydrophobic material be bonded on the core material is provided, need to satisfy two conditions: (i) before it being applied with hydrophobic material, must be drying coated effectively the core material of water base viscous layer so that the viscous layer that is substantially free of water is provided; (ii) should make this viscous layer with its basically the exsiccant form keep its viscosity (its bond properties) so that allow hydrophobic material effectively is bonded to the there.

In addition, because the hydrophobicity of formed matrix material depends on hereinafter described contact angle, and in addition because contact angle depends on the physics delay of air in this matrix material, therefore highly wish to select a viscous layer, this viscous layer can form the hydrophobic layer physical structure of physically being detained air as much as possible.

Therefore selected suitable and effective water base viscous layer so that satisfy above-mentioned prerequisite, and use easily, cost, other physics need with and with the interaction of selected hydrophobic finish material.

According to the present invention, do not consider core material and hydrophobic material, water base viscous layer can be used in any hydrophobic composites.Yet, suitable and effectively hydrophobic finish material be physicals (for example, shape) according to needed final matrix material described herein, and according to it with the interaction selection of selected water base viscous layer.

Water base viscous layer according to the present invention preferably includes aqueous-based adhesive, and this tackiness agent can be selected from the aqueous-based adhesive that can buy on the multiple market.

The representational example of the aqueous-based adhesive that can buy on the market includes but not limited to pitch one latex and bitumen/polymer tackiness agent, for example Bitumflex is (by Bitum, Israel produces), Elastopaz and Elastobrush are (by Pazkar, Israel produces), Specef10 and Specef 52 (producing) by Wacker Germany, Dispercoll c, Dispercollu, Dispercoll s and Desmodur d (by Bayer, Germany produces), Enimort, Hiniplast and Hidropren 40-20 (by Enecol, Spain produces) etc. are a lot.

Though these tackiness agents extensively are familiar with in this field, their never actual being used as are bonded to the viscous layer of core material, especially granular core material with hydrophobic material before this, thereby have produced hydrophobic composites.

This water base bituminous cement is called pitch-latex thickener in this article jointly.According to the present invention, water accack preferably includes the water accack that one or more randomly and preferably are selected from the aqueous-based adhesive that can buy on the top listed market.

By it is dissolved in the water, or in any other aqueous medium, and by formed mixture is coated on this core material, this water base viscous layer easily is coated on the core material.After this, should be as described above such, dry fully formed core material.Preferably, such as described in this article, drying is by heating this core material, and is optional and preferred, with blower or any other can quicken and the technology of improving drying process combine and carries out in this stage.

The core material of using can be any core material, and preferably above described core material.

Hydrophobic material can be combining separately or with hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide bonded hydrophobic powder, hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide self or any other silica-based hydrophobic powder, fused polypropylene and other hydrophobic polymer and any other the super-hydrophobicity powder and any of aforementioned substances that can be used in the hydrophobic composites of for example above describing.

Be according to embodiment preferred of the present invention below, to the description of hydrophobic composites described above and the operable application of particle.

Therefore, such as stated, hydrophobic composites of the present invention can be used to produce the free-pouring hydrophobicity with enhanced water resistance and gather materials, and is called as in this article and gathers materials 1.1 liquid that can repel predetermined peak pressure gathers materials.As describing in further detail hereinafter, by selecting to gather materials 1 Several Parameters advisably, the aggregate lift of relatively little thickness (centimetre the order of magnitude) be enough to stand the liquid column in water column or any other the research.According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, the height of this post is more than the 30cm, more preferably highly is more than the 100cm, most preferably highly is more than the 10m.The typical thickness of this layer is that about 1cm is to about 20cm.

The ability of any hydrophobic material repulsion water all depends on the surface tension of the liquid that contacts with hydrophobic material basically.In any liquid, the force of cohesion that is present between the molecule of liquid depths is shared by all contiguous atoms.The molecule of fluid surface does not have the contiguous atom of identical type in the above and directly and on the lip-deep molecule of their bonded is showing stronger force of cohesion.From the macroscopic angle, the interphase interaction of enhanced interior molecules is sighted the surface tension of liquid on fluid surface.

The external force that exists between the molecule of similar intermolecular force of cohesion and these fluid molecules and the material that contacts with this liquid is competed mutually.When this material when being hydrophobic, force of cohesion is occupied an leading position significantly, and the free surface of liquid becomes can not wetting this hydrophobic material as film and this liquid.

Referring now to accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is 1 the synoptic diagram of gathering materials, it preferably includes a plurality of particles of different sizes 2, it is characterized in that several (concrete selections) thus influenced the parameter that outer force level influences this hydrophobic performance that gathers materials.These parameters include, but not limited to the contact angle θ that limits between size distribution M, liquid and the particle 2 of particle 2 and the characteristic distance r between the adjacent particle.

M, θ and r be preferably according to this waterproof applications of gathering materials and will be intended for use in, and select according to the liquid pressure of the maximum in this concrete application.More specifically, M and cos θ preferably are directly proportional with this pressure and r preferably is inversely proportional to this pressure.Mathematically, the relation between peak pressure P and the above-mentioned parameter can use following experimental formula to represent:

P=k Mcos θ/r, (equation 1)

Wherein k is that rate constant and angle θ are that the tangent on the surface that limited by free-pouring aggregate lift is measured.Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize to have only when equation 1 the right when being positive, but that this gathers materials is just wetting by this liquid that gathers materials of porous.Like this, according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, cos θ is keeping dry at any time so that this gathers materials of bearing.This can reach between 90 °-180 ° by selecting θ, wherein the bigger θ value correspondence in this scope this gather materials and under bigger pressure, keep dry and vice versa.

Contact angle θ depends on the material that production hydrophobicity of the present invention is gathered materials.The detailed description of the material of having found that is suitable for various waterproof applications is provided hereinafter.

Uneven size distribution allows gather materials 1 capillary size of better control.Capillary size is at the standard of measurement that constitutes the diameter capillaceous that forms between this particle that gathers materials.

Therefore, according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, select size distribution M so that maximum capillary diameter is suitable for repelling the liquid under pressure P.Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the inhomogeneous size then capillaceous of many more M is more little.Representative diameter capillaceous is 1 nanometer to 500 nanometer.Consistent on such diameter and the capillary size that in concrete substrate, forms.

Usually, the particulate size can be at about 25 millimeters (25,000 microns) to 5 microns, more preferably 10 millimeters to 20 microns, more preferably 5 millimeters to 100 microns and most preferably change in 1,000 micron to 200 microns the scope.

In the construction site, the easier processing of large-sized particle.Like this, according to using according to desirable capillary diameter, the manufacturer can select the changing features of this size distribution of gathering materials.

More specifically, in the application of the liquid column not high (several centimetres sizes) of hope, be enough to provide bigger particle diameter and little variation, however if higher (several meter) of liquid column of wishing, the particle preferred size would be less and change bigger.For example, for the liquid column of about 50-100cm, preferred difference is about 50 microns, and for the liquid column of about 1-10m, preferred difference is about 30 microns, and for the liquid column of about 10-50m, preferred difference is about 10 microns.Should be appreciated that above-mentioned difference is representational example and should be considered to restriction

Other physical quantity that can be subjected to the M influence includes, but not limited to this proportion that gathers materials, water-retaining capacity, thermal characteristics (for example, thermal conduction, specific heat capacity, latent heat) and sound insulation.Like this, by changing size distribution M, can form and use relevant gathering materials.For example in the sound insulation waterproof applications, select M, in the thermal insulation waterproof applications, select M so that make this thermal conduction minimum of gathering materials so that make the sound insulation maximum of gathering materials, or the like.

Wise selection size distribution can also be used to control the ability of gathering materials and allowing liquid to evaporate from here.By this vaporised liquid that gathers materials improved this gather materials keep xeric ability and make water vapor by and make the vapour pressure balance.This water-proof material with complete closed within water is trapped in the volume that is limited by this material is opposite fully.Therefore, according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, M is selected can allow evaporation of liquid so that this gathers materials.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, above described parameter be to select according to the static pressure that this expection of gathering materials is in.In other words, this series of parameters, in case selected, just pressure range is defined in and can uses effectively under this pressure of 1 of gathering materials.Yet, in some cases, in fact put on the limit that 1 the pressure of gathering materials has surpassed expection, for example, extremely and under the unexpected weather condition.In addition, owing to made by a lot of particles, gathering materials 1 may show statistical fluctuations, and wherein kapillary has exceeded their several standard deviations of mean sizes partly.In addition, on the separation surface between hydrophobicity and the non-hydrophobic layer, formed big relatively capillary size usually.Big separation surface problem capillaceous be non-statistical and influenced and can use 1 the total pressure of gathering materials.As describing in further detail hereinafter, this problem can be resolved by applying adhesive between hydrophobicity and non-hydrophobic layer.

When the present invention was committed to enforcement, find using can absorption fluids, and () expandable hollow particles for example, water can reduce by 1 the capillary size of gathering materials significantly.In case contact with this liquid, this expandable hollow particles just dynamically is suitable for this liquid pressure, even when this pressure surpasses its desired value.

(for example, size distribution M), has only when pressure to surpass designed gathering materials 1 expecting pressure the time, and this expandable hollow particles just expands because this static parameter of 1 of gathering materials of wise selection.Along with pressure raises,, this expandable hollow particles set up the dynamic pressure obstacle thereby beginning to expand.To recognize that most of waterproof applications all carry out in enclosed space, the internal force in 1 so that the expansion increase of expandable hollow particles is gathered materials 1 prevents liquid infiltration and the ability by water vapor thereby blocked remaining kapillary and improved to gather materials.

This expandable hollow particles can be gathered materials in 1 to be incorporated into more than a kind of mode.Therefore, in one embodiment, this expandable hollow particles can be incorporated into or be attached on the particle 2 in the stage of producing them.Gather materials after 1 the suitable material having described to be used for producing, this embodiment has been described in further detail hereinafter.

In the another one embodiment, expandable hollow particles is in the state of free particle (for example, powder).Referring again to Fig. 1, there is expandable hollow particles 3 in the hole 4 between particle 2 now.When the localized liquid increase took place, particle 2 was extruded on its contiguous particle, and simultaneously, expandable hollow particles 3 absorbs liquid and begins and expands, and therefore, works as little " balloon " with dynamic expansion surface-area.Cause and act on inwards the external force of hole 4 by particle 2, limited expansion process, make particle 3 become the three-dimensional structure of shape similar in appearance to the shape of hole 4.This expansion process is a terminated when particle 3 has occupied hole 4 basically, has reduced characteristic distance r like this, and has increased that to gather materials 1 be efficient pressure P.When several such expanded granulars were present in the hole 4, the filling of hole 4 was more effective.

According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, select the median size of expandable hollow particles, when being in deflated state with convenient expandable hollow particles, at least one expandable hollow particles or more preferably several expandable hollow particles have occupied hole 4.In this embodiment, the typical particle diameter of expandable hollow particles is about 1 micron to about 1000 microns, and is preferred, 5-500 microns.

Though can occupy identical hole more than one expandable hollow particles, exchange without any liquid between preferred expandable hollow particles, when being in swelling state with convenient expandable hollow particles, 1 free-pouring character has kept gathering materials.For example, if expandable hollow particles accounts for 1 the enough little percent by volume of gathering materials, this can be implemented.Preferably, expandable hollow particles accounts for below 1 the 1 volume % of gathering materials, more preferably from about 0.2 volume %.

Hole between the water repellent surface of particle 2 has formed the network that connects to small part, maximum space 1 the over-all properties that determined to gather materials in this network.Therefore like this,, also caused the big interconnective space of little remainder, improved 1 the resistance to pressure of gathering materials significantly even incorporate the expandable hollow particles of very low hundred umbers into.

According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, the expansion time of expandable hollow particles enough little (preferably in 10 seconds) is so that gather materials 1 for all rapid reactions that contacts any and water.The receptivity of expandable hollow particles is preferably about 100-about 5000, more preferably about 200 to about 2000 by weight.The freezing temperature of expandable hollow particles is preferably approximately (under swelling state and deflated state) below-20 ℃ even 1 also keep its unrestricted flow performance under lower temperature so that gather materials.The material that expandable hollow particles is made in wise selection may cause not having the circulation that stops repeating to absorb-separate absorption.

1 the unrestricted flow character if the combination of expandable hollow particles and particle 2 has kept gathering materials then anyly knownly can be used as expandable hollow particles by the expansible material when contacting with liquid.The representative example of such material includes but not limited to starch, clay, wilkinite, various waterproofing agents or the like.The other interesting feature of expandable hollow particles includes but not limited to heat insulating ability, liquid-absorbent, enough low freezing temperature, the deflation ability under dry environment or the like.

According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, expandable hollow particles is to be made by the superabsorbent polymers that is also referred to as polyhydroxylated polymer (SAP).SAP has been known in the art a lot of years.What make SPA absorption water is chemical substance crosslinked between the hydrocarbon chain of polymkeric substance, for example, and the existence of sodium or potassium molecule.These these polymer formation of crosslinked permission can hold the single supramolecule of big water gaging.This polymkeric substance is urethane, carbamate or polypropylene normally, but also can use other polymkeric substance.SAP has hundreds of, and they are characterised in that various parameters, for example abruptness of their water-retaining capacity, the temperature that absorbs water and release water, release water or the like.

The representational example of SAP includes, but not limited to polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.Similar SAP includes, but are not limited to: LiquiBlock ^TM80, LiquiBlock ^TM88, LiquiBlock ^TMAt-03S, LiquiBlock ^TM80HS, LiquiBlock ^TM88Hs, LiquiBlock ^TM144, LiquiBlock ^TM144TRS, Norsocryl ^TMS-35, Norsocrylw ^TMD-60, Norsocryl ^TMXFS, all these can be from EmergingTechnologies, Inc., North Carolina, USA buys.Find that through experiment these SAP are suitable for 1 combining with gathering materials.At present, other SAP is by Union Carbide, and BASFCorporation and other company produce and can buy from they theres.

According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, expandable hollow particles can comprise that anti-caking agent minimizes the liquid interchange between adjacent expandable hollow particles.For example, top Norsocryl ^TMXFS and LiquiBlock ^TM144TRS comprises anti-caking agent.

Usually, do not have hydrophobicity to gather materials, need a large amount of SAP to come the passage of waterproof or blocking-up water.This makes the use of SAP be difficult to and is very expensive.An advantage of this embodiment of the present invention is that this SAP is used for the purpose of building bridge at least between kapillary, and most waterproof is to finish by 1 the inherent hydrophobic performance of gathering materials.Like this, as describing in further detail hereinbefore, only need a spot of SAP.

In the experiment of being undertaken by the present inventor, discovery all is 100-500 microns by adding all median sizes of 0.2%, adsorptive power surpasses 500 weight parts and the swell gel time is about 6 seconds Norsocryl S-35, has reduced by 1 the capillary size of gathering materials significantly.Particularly, the problem big capillaceous between the mentioned hydrophobic and non-hydrophobic layer has almost completely been eliminated in discovery in the above.Be arranged in the waterproof applications of hydrophobic layer at object (for example, pipe, groove etc.), it is useful especially eliminating or reducing this problem at least.Under these circumstances, between hydrophobic and non-hydrophobic layer, there is big surface contact.

Be expected at the expandable hollow particles that to develop many types in the time limit of service of this patent, therefore, will comprise the expandable hollow particles of the supposition that all are so within the scope of the invention.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gather materials foamed concrete that can gather materials, pulverize with the light-weight aggregate of hydrophobicity coating such as aphrolite, perlite, volcanics etc. of hydrophobicity mixes.This light-weight aggregate is used for reducing the gross weight of this mixture.It is important reducing weight, for example when mixture is used to waterproof roof, ground or any indoor waterproof.

In order better to understand gather materials waterproof applications in embodiment preferred according to the present invention of free-pouring hydrophobicity, at first with reference to the conventional waterproof method (prior art just) of Fig. 2 A-B illustrated.

Referring now to accompanying drawing, the existing method of the basic waterproof of the structure 10 on the exemplarily for example clear face 12 over the ground of Fig. 2 A-B.Usually, the side wall that the stratum basale of pebbles 22 and pebbles 20 be provided is as the aquaporin that allows near the current of the underground part 14 of structure 10.In addition, the subterranean wall of underground part 14 can be covered by pitch or similar material, as additional waterproof.Yet when the underground water surface is high (for example, in the rainy day or when the water pipe problem takes place), side pressure 16 and upwarding pressure 18 may still be applied on the subterranean wall by underground water, but has caused crack and porous underground part 14.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide here a kind of to the method for ground contacting structure part waterproof.This method comprises the following steps, wherein in first step, the bed that provides free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials, and in second step, with this structural orientation on this bed or within.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, can use any free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials, for example, but be not limited to, above mentioned gather materials 1 or other free-pouring the gathering materials that can buy from the market (in the document, being also referred to as " magic sand (magic sand) "), for example by Clifford W.Estes Co.Inc., New Jersey, USA and Educational Innovations, Connecticut, USA produces.Yet other the gathering materials that can be used in the context of the invention is described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/486,419 and 60/486,420, and in WO 03/044124 and the United States Patent (USP) 4,474,852, these patents are incorporated by reference at this.

According to an embodiment preferred of the present invention, with further reference to accompanying drawing, Fig. 3 A-C has schematically disclosed the waterproof to the building substrate.The bed 32 that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials puts on the pebbles layer 22, preferably the drainage channel below the maintenance conduct bed 32.Bed 32 anti-sealings will upward pressure and be applied on the underground part 14.This hydrophobicity is gathered materials can be with free-pouring form, and the form that perhaps is encapsulated in one or more protectiveness encapsulants is transported to the situation of building.An embodiment of such protectiveness encapsulant is the hydrophobicity brick, and this will be described in further detail below (with reference to Fig. 4 A and following description).Like this, according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, bed 32 can comprise the arrangement of hydrophobicity brick.

With reference to Fig. 3 B, bed 32 is preferably protected as concrete structure or polymer architecture by structure 23, prevents to be corroded by underground water.

The thickness (being expressed as d1 in Fig. 3 B) of bed 32 is preferably about 1cm-about 15cm, more preferably about 4cm-about 10cm.Yet, will recognize, according to concrete needs, may use other value equally.

According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, the wall 15 of underground part 14 also can come waterproof by the side wall 30 that provides free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials adjacent to wall 15.Before building side wall 30, but preferably will gather materials and allow the water object (nail of lower section, 12 inflow place 14 from ground immediately from the outstanding porous hydrophobicitys of wall 15, metal cords, Deng) remove from wall 15, but with must carefully to prepare this wall in the existing method opposite to hold water-repellancy, it is not necessary further handling wall.

Wall 15 is preferably by waterproof liquid or thickener such as 24 coating of tar layer.Tar layer 24 (or any waterproof substrate that can alternate covers wall 15) gathers materials hydrophobicity and is adhered on the wall 15, thereby as the water vapor blocking layer, has prevented to form ditch between side wall 30 and wall 15.Because water may flow into from above in this ditch, people will recognize the benefit that prevents to form such ditch.

With reference to Fig. 3 C, the side wall 30 that hydrophobicity is gathered materials is preferably by structure 36 protection, and this structure can be for example one or more plank, polymkeric substance (for example, polystyrene) plate, plastic plate, metal sheet, brick wall or concrete structure.Therefore structure 36 is used for protecting side wall 30 to avoid burn into and becomes flexible, shakes etc. between side wall 30 and ground 12 (or pebbles layer 22).Preferably, structure 36 has uneven surperficial 37, and it is towards ground 12 or pebbles layer 22, so that increase the contact area on structure 36 and ground.

As hereinafter described in detail, no matter be to the existing structure in the process of repairing, still to the new structure in its manufacture process, the building of side wall 30 can be finished by surpassing a kind of method.

In existing structure, the method for prior art generally includes use and is expelled to foam or swollen material in the separation surface between the ground around wall and the wall along existing wall.Under extreme case, subterranean wall zone is on every side exposed or use heavy-duty machine tool generation vacuum, so that allow to enter the outside of this wall.Then, by sealing material, for example, elastomerics concrete or various foam make this wall waterproof.Yet these methods are expensive complicated, and the method for long-term solution moisture issue can not be provided.

According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, can be by following method to subterranean wall 15 waterproof.At first, vacuum is extracted or formed to the soil layer that is adjacent to wall 15 outsides, stay the clearance, and second the step, with free-pouring hydrophobicity gather materials the filling this gap.With any other do not allow air-flow from passing through here, thereby retardance air bag and can not to fill the foam or the swollen material in whole ditch crack opposite, the free-pouring character that hydrophobicity is gathered materials allows this gap of completely filled fully.

In new texture, structure 36 preferably to form the mode in gap between structure 36 and wall 15, build by adjacent wall 15.Next, as being further explained in detail hereinbefore,, gathering materials with this free-pouring hydrophobicity and to fill this gap preferably from the top side.

Structure 36 can make with any method known in the art, and therefore, in one embodiment, structure 36 can be additional wall, for example, and brick-concrete walls.The benefit of this embodiment is that additional wall gathers materials this hydrophobicity and keeps in place in the time period that prolongs.The other benefit of this additional wall comprises isolated property to the added strength of this structure and raising (heat with sound).

In the another one embodiment, structure 36 can be made by watt (for example, plastic made tile) with toothed edge, and they assemble each other, are tongue and form of grooves.This embodiment has the advantage that keeps hydrophobicity to gather materials on the soil on second side of first side of structure 36 and structure 36.Hereinafter, with reference to Fig. 9 described in further detail toothed edge watt.

In the another one embodiment, also be suitable for new texture, side wall 30 one-level one-level as following is built.Hardboard or other plate for example, but are not limited to, metal, and wooden and plastic plate is temporarily settled adjacent to wall 15, so that first side of hardboard faces toward the soil towards second side of wall 15 (again, staying enough gaps between them) and this hardboard.Second side contacts of gathering materials and filling this gap and allow this soil and hardboard with free-pouring hydrophobicity.Next, extract hardboard, preferred making progress, and repeat this program for next stage, preferably use identical hardboard.In this embodiment, gather materials in order to protect this hydrophobicity, preferably will protect structure 36 to be placed in chronically that hydrophobicity is gathered materials and ground between.As selection, hardboard can be used as protection structure 36.The advantage of this embodiment is that (i) need not build the another one wall near wall 15 and (ii) because at the relatively little volume of each grade filling, the filling in this gap is fairly simple.

In above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment, the preferred thickness of side wall 30 (being expressed as d2 in Fig. 3 C) is about 4cm-about 10cm.Should be appreciated that hydraulic pressure, similarly can use other value according to expection.

In the another one embodiment, also be suitable for new texture, side wall 30 comprises the arrangement of hydrophobicity brick, each piece brick all comprises having predetermined shape and encapsulate the protectiveness encapsulant that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

Fig. 4 A-B exemplarily for example understands hydrophobicity brick 40 and the hydrophobicity brick wall 42 with protectiveness encapsulant 41.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, encapsulant 41 be by Biodegradable material or can water the material of degraded, for example, the cardboard that does not have water conservation etc. fully of recovery is made.In this embodiment, the structure of hydrophobicity brick wall 42 is that to be similar to the construction of any other brick wall such, finishes on another piece by 40 1 of bricks are placed in.In the time of encapsulant 41 degradeds, the hydrophobicity in the adjacent hydrophobicity brick is gathered materials by partially mixed, so that form the side wall of abundant waterproof.In case after finishing,, water preferably for this wall 42 in order to make the brick degraded.

Can use one or more layers brick.Preferably, the thickness d 3 of this brick on the direction of water conservation is about 2-10cm, preferably about 4cm.It should be understood that similarly and can use other size.

Known because ground motion or form the crack, with the ground contacting structure be dynamic.Therefore, irrelevant according to embodiment preferred of the present invention with the method for structure side wall 30 (or brick wall 42), preferably provide movably coverture 38, to allow to recharge this gap as time goes by in their top side.Movably coverture 38 can be made by any water-resistant material, such as but not limited to water-proof concrete stone.

With further reference to accompanying drawing, Fig. 5 A-B exemplarily for example understands according to embodiment preferred of the present invention, to the method for floor 60 waterproof of structure 10.

Structure 10 comprises several planes 70 and side wall 52.Hydrophobicity gather materials (for example, gathering materials 1) the bed 32 be applied to base plate below 60 and anti-sealing under base plate, collect.For this one side of the present invention, the typical thickness of bed 32 is about 1-10cm, yet, will recognize and can similarly use other value.As describing in further detail hereinbefore, contact area 52 between 32 of wall 52 and bed ' preferably by waterproof liquid or with hydrophobicity gather materials be adhered to wall 52 the thickener coating as water vapor barrier.

Pipe 68 (for example, water, sewage, gas, electricity, etc.), if present, can be positioned in the bed 32, for example, below base plate 60.The advantage that hydrophobicity is gathered materials is that it allows water not become moistening from evaporation here.Therefore, if for example pipe 68 leaks, in case such leakage is repaired and excessive water is siphoned away or is removed by sponge, then this hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is kept dry, and has therefore avoided humidity, the mould situation wetting with the hint relevant with health of base plate.With under base plate, collecting in the prior art of water for a long time, do not find this advantage.The advantage of this embodiment uniqueness is, because this free-pouring improved barrier property that gathers materials, these pipes no longer need additional as being generally used for the barrier material of hot-water line etc.In addition, this free-pouring gathering materials also protects pipe to avoid corrosion and wearing and tearing.

Use the additional advantage of bed 32 to be below base plate 60, such environment can not be dug a hole away from insect and other or tunnel or even the organism of surviving in the dry environment that hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

Advantage is the heat insulation and sound insulation that is provided by bed 32 in addition.Like this, for example, bed 32 is an ideal as the bed of placing the hot/cold water pipe, and heat insulation for the hot/cold water pipe is most important.

Referring now to Fig. 6 A-6B, the existing method to roof 50 waterproof has been described this illustrated example.Known a variety of to the roof water-proof method.Fig. 6 A illustrated a kind of such method, wherein tar layer 54 is coated to roof 50.Fig. 6 B illustrated another method, wherein common sand 58 and paving 60 are applied on the roof 50.In addition, can with screening glass 56 as asphalt membrane, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) layer be used in 58 layers of sands below.Yet, there be not a kind of being entirely satisfactory in these, from the roof, the seepy question on especially flat roof is common.

The present invention success and advantageously solved waterproof problem to the roof.Fig. 7 exemplarily for example understands to have the structure 10 of roof 50 and side wall 52.

According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, the bed 32 of hydrophobicity is gathered materials (for example, gathering materials 1) is applied on the residue that roof 50 and side wall 52 contained.Preferably, before application bed 32, can as this field is known, handle the profile on roof 50 by the edge that water vapor barrier and inclination are provided.In addition, base plate 60 can be placed on the bed 32, thereby prevent its corrosion.In this method, even for example under the hail, also can reach high-caliber waterproofing protection in harsh weather condition.The thickness (being expressed as d4 in Fig. 7) of bed 32 is preferably about 5cm.To recognize and similarly to use other value.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide the holder method of water reservoir waterproof for example.

P58line3 is with further reference to accompanying drawing, and Fig. 8 exemplarily for example understands the water reservoir with substrate 82 and wall 88, and wherein wall 88 can be the wall or the vertical wall that tilt.According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, this method comprises following method steps, and the base plate bed 84 that wherein will be gathered materials by free-pouring hydrophobicity in first step (for example, gathering materials 1) constitutes is placed in the substrate 82 of water reservoir.In second step, will be placed on the wall 88 by the hydrophobicity wall 90 (according to the shape of water reservoir 80, the wall of inclination or vertical wall) that constitutes that gathers materials.Preferably cover base plate bed 84 and/or wall 90 with

protection structure

86 and 92 respectively, keep in place so that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.Gather materials for hydrophobicity, preferred, between structure 86 and the substrate 82 and the least depth that keeps about 5-10cm between structure 92 and the wall 88.

Structure 86 (cover bed 84) preferably includes flexible layer, and for example, preferably about 5cm is thick, the geotextile that is covered by concrete slab.As selection scheme, the flexible layer of structure 86 can be covered by concrete tile.As selection, the part of the flexible layer of structure 86 can be covered by concrete tile and another part can be covered by concrete slab in addition.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, with concrete placement to the flexible layer that does not have metal wire, with flowing of preventing that hydrophobicity in the process of structural texture 86 from gathering materials.Polymer fiber can be joined the crack that makes in the concrete mix in the structure 86 minimizes.Concrete building can be finished with any known method in this area, preferably allows concrete to expand in its solidification process by reserving the sufficient amount gap.

Structure 86 can also be made by a plurality of protecting sheets or any other method known in the art.

The method of placing wall 90 depends on the shape of the wall 88 of water reservoir 80.For vertical wall, can be similar to

wall

30 or 42 and build wall 90 like that as described in detail above.

For tilt-wall, constructed incline structure 92.This can, for example,, for example, but be not limited to by placing various stable devices, net or with the net that cloth covers is built free-pouring hydrophobicity then and is gathered materials and finish from above.Such as stated, hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is allowed air to flow through and do not form airbag from here.

Fig. 9 exemplarily for example understands the representational embodiment of stabilizing deyice, and it is to have watts 98 form of toothed edge 99, to assemble mutually with tongue and flute profile mode.Watts 99 can be by polyvinyl chloride, and polycarbonate or any other suitable material that hydrophobicity gathers materials that can hold make.Select the size of these watts and intensity so that the erector can walk or stand in the above.Preferably several elongators 97 (for example screw rod) are fixed to that these watts are gone up so as watt and ground between form enough gaps.Typical elongator length is 1-10cm.

Use the program of watt 98 structural dip structures 92 as follows.On the tilt-wall around the substrate 82, arrange article one watt line so that elongator 97 keeps watts 98 to be higher than these walls.Gather materials with hydrophobicity then and fill the volume that limits by elongator 97.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, watts 98 can be by transparent material production so that be filled the whole volume of erector's verification, and if necessary vibrate tile, so that distribute hydrophobicity to gather materials better.Can use machinery or ultrasonic vibration.Fill up in case article one line is gathered materials by hydrophobicity, then arrange the second line, and repeat this program adjacent to article one line.According to embodiment preferred of the present invention,, just remove the elongator of the line of front and fill by the shared volume of this elongator so that hydrophobicity is gathered materials in case a watt line is filled.

In case wall 88 by watts 98 and hydrophobicity gather materials cover, then preferably concrete or other suitable coverture are applied on watts 98 the another side.Toothed edge 99 is used to increase watts 98 surface-area so that hydrophobicity is gathered materials and concrete keeps in place, and allows to spray plug-in unit if desired.Preferably will watt reach the standard grade to be permanently attached to and be used as protective cover on the ground.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, these watts are to arrange to allow to recharge as time goes by the mode that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.This can pass through, for example, as explaining in detail hereinbefore, watt reach the standard grade in stay opening or by providing movably coverture to finish in the above.

Composition of the present invention, particle and free-pouring gathering materials can also be used in the agricultural or gardening zone of frequent hope preparation cultivated plant.Known have only the water that is used to irrigate of relatively small amount finally to arrive plant, thereby most seepage is to underground or evaporated.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, can be by on the zone of research, providing free-pouring and gather materials bed that (for example, gathering materials 1) constitute and covering the zone that this prepares to be used for the research of cultivated plant with pedosphere.In addition, can under the soil or on settle the passage of one or more collection water, be used for transport of water.This can be the form of hydrophobicity path, is made and has been encapsulated by the protectiveness encapsulant and gather materials.These passages of preferred arrangement are so that form one or more gaps between adjacency channel, thus the zone that allows excessive water (for example, rainwater) discharge to study.

Because hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is exsiccant and shows low water-fast steam, therefore, this can implement the passage of water vapour below tree or plant.This effect of sucking action by root has been further improved.When water below the hydrophobicity bed and by hydrophobicity bed evaporation and because as time goes by the change of temperature and agglomerative the time, the hydrophobicity bed absorbs agglomerative water and prevents that it from spilling once more.Like this, the percentage ratio of the water in top layer soil has increased.By on the hydrophobicity bed, settling the superabsorbent polymers layer can make increase catch the effect of water vapour and water, so that utilize the more water vapour of vast scale.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, pedosphere is centered on by protective barrier layer, and wherein as the front further described, this protective barrier layer self was gathered materials by hydrophobicity and makes.In this embodiment, the wall of protective barrier layer and this have formed the water reservoir of sealing, have prevented that agglomerative water is from running off here.The height of wall can change as desired, and this depends on the amount of agglomerative water, the kind of soil and phreatic height.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the hydrophobicity bed can make the water desalination that does not have desalination below it, and this is that therefore, this water is desalinated after condensing because of the water vapour quilt desalination fully through this.

This hydrophobicity bed can also be used to prepare salt-free zone on salt-affected soil.Much local in the whole world, the very high and water of ground water table is saliniferous.This all is a real challenge for agricultural and Application in Building.Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, can the hydrophobicity bed is provided and cover this bed with salt-free soil by the zone to research provides salt-free zone.This bed has prevented that salt from permeating and having promoted simultaneously to form the passage of (salt-free) water vapour here from above-mentioned demineralising process.Randomly and preferably,, can use super absorbing polymer layer, as top describing in further detail, form gel in order to improve for through the catching of the water vapour of this hydrophobicity bed.To recognize that the hydrophobicity bed that uses this embodiment compares conventional use as the blocking layer of salt and stops that the method for sheet material is favourable, this is because do not have seam or welding assembly.

According to another aspect of the present invention, provide protection to be embedded in the method for subterranean object.Gathering materials in hydrophobicity is used for protecting the application of underground object, and it is useful especially mixing that two or more free-pouring hydrophobicitys gather materials.Yet, should be appreciated that, be not to plan to limit the scope of the present invention to any amount of hydrophobicity to gather materials (for example, can use one, two, three or more hydrophobicitys are gathered materials).

Therefore, according to a further aspect in the invention, provide the hydrophobic composition that is used to protect underground object here, be commonly referred to as composition 110 in this article.

Now referring again to accompanying drawing, Figure 10 is the schematic illustration that comprises the composition 110 that at least two kinds of free-pouring hydrophobicitys gather materials, and wherein each may have 1 one or more performances of gathering materials.Preferably, composition 110 comprise a kind of free-pouring hydrophobicity of heat conductivity gather materials 112 and a kind of dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity gather materials 114.Gather

materials

112 and 114 with the predetermined mixed of selecting,, make the underground object electrical isolation so that make it when underground object transports heat.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, composition 110 has the color that can recognize, preferably is different from the color on ground.

Describe as the front and according to embodiment of the present invention, the method for protection underground object is provided before the detailed description, will be to paying close attention by the following advantage that it provided.

The first, owing to be thorough drying, these two kinds are gathered materials all prevented to take place electrolytic process (for example electrolytic corrosion) near underground objects.Even under the situation of vapor permeation composition 110, these also are not enough to cause electrolytic corrosion.

The second 114 be to make because hydrophobicity is gathered materials by dielectric material (for example, not having electroconductibility substantially), connecting box, oil sensor or any other device of filling with composition 110 can the operation of not short circuit ground for a long time.The free-pouring form of composition 110 can make this gather materials and remove from electric wire and/or connecting box, and so if desired removes, for example, and in order to safeguard.

The 3rd, known conductor in connecting box, and the ohmic resistance that cable or wire had of transmission current releases energy by producing a large amount of heat.Formed temperature provides the reduction that has often promoted current carrier and the non-conductive component around it.Have realized that lacking suitable heat Transport Machinery device may cause especially cutting off the power supply along electric wire and cable in the connecting box that has produced maximum heats.In addition, in little connecting box, form short circuit and destroyed the system that depends on underground cable thereby the heat that is produced may cause several conducting element fusions.Thereby 112 the heat conductance of gathering materials allows composition 110 that heat is transported (for example, transporting to ground) from current carrier makes underground connecting box, and cable and/or electric wire be refrigerative and keep their function always.

The 4th, prevented to be present in the subterranean all ingredients that is in solid state, especially digesting agent, thereby become liquid state and prevented its arrival and the destruction underground object.

The 5th, the free-flowing form that gathers materials of the present invention makes that coming from the axle pressure that acts on the underground object minimizes.In other words, though made by solid particulate, with regard to dynamic property, this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials similar in appearance to the viscous fluid of dissemination mechanical force thereon unevenly.Therefore, of the present invention gathering materials absorbed quite a large amount of mechanical forces and protected underground object.

The 6th, owing to be substantially free of water, this hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is not freezed and non-caked, therefore, makes in cold area easily near underground object, and has improved freezing resistance.

The 7th, such as stated, composition 110 has the color that can recognize in one embodiment.In the time of needs identifications composition 110, can advantageously use this embodiment.For example, do not excavate near the immersed body that covers with composition 110 in order to warn.

The 8th, underground fuel tank often meets with the oil spilling by fuel tank leaks or overflow forms.In order to monitor such crack, in underground fuel tank disposed about one or more transmitters produce signal to become around the convenient transmitter in wet.Yet these transmitters are owing to occur, for example, and rainwater and often produce false alarm.Such as described, composition of the present invention can have the magnetism of increase to oil with the product relevant with oil.Therefore, of the present invention gathering materials can be used to prevent that optionally sealing arrives this transmitter, therefore reduce false alarm fully.

According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, any free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, as long as they have the performance that needs, for example, gather materials 112 improved thermal conduction, 114 the improved resistivity of gathering materials and gather

materials

112 and 114 the improved water repellency of gathering materials may be used to gather materials 112 and/or 114.

The ability of any hydrophobic material repulsion water all depends on the surface tension of the liquid state that contacts with hydrophobic material basically.In any liquid, the intermolecular force of cohesion of liquid depths is common by all contiguous atoms.The surface molecular of liquid does not have the contiguous atom of top identical type, and is directly showing stronger force of cohesion on the bonded molecule from the teeth outwards with them.From the macroscopic angle, this liquid improved intermolecular interaction from the teeth outwards is observed to the surface tension of liquid.

External force competition between the molecule of the force of cohesion between the similar molecule and the material that is present in fluid molecule and contacts with this liquid.When this material when being hydrophobic, force of cohesion is occupied an leading position significantly, and the free surface of liquid becomes can not wetting hydrophobic material as film and this liquid.

Therefore, according near maximum hydraulic pressure desired underground object, the preferred selection gathers

materials

112 and 114 so that force of cohesion is enough to prevent liquid Wetting composition 110.

According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, above-mentioned any hydrophobicity is gathered materials, and can mix with composition 110.Particularly, the performance of preferably gathering materials according to desirable free-pouring hydrophobicity is selected core material.For example, extra large sand can be used as and be used for gather materials 112 granular core material of thermal conduction, and coal ash can be used as non-conductive 114 the granular core material of gathering materials.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, can comprise the particle of different-grain diameter by each of gathering materials in 112 and 114 of constituting of composition 110, these particulate are characterised in that the Several Parameters that has influenced composition 110 hydrophobic performances.These parameters can comprise above mentioned size distribution, M, contact angle θ.

Such as stated, use in one embodiment can in conjunction with or be attached to expandable hollow particles on 112 and/or 114 particles that constitute that gather materials, can reduce grain size significantly.As selection, expandable hollow particles can be the form (for example, powder) of free particles.Referring again to Figure 10, swellability particle 116 is present in by in 112 and 114 gap between particles that constitute 118 of gathering materials with similar in appearance to the expandable hollow particles and the 1 bonded mode of gathering materials now.

The method of protection underground object (for example, storage tank, cable, electric wire, network etc.) is provided according to a further aspect in the invention.This method comprises the method steps of the following schema described in Figure 11.In first step of this method of representing by piece 112, hydrophobic composition (for example, composition 110) is provided, and in second step by piece 122 expressions, so that this layer between the mode on object and ground, uses the layer of hydrophobic composition around this object.Second step can be carried out with any method known in the art, for example, by at underground formation ditch, the first layer that hydrophobic composition constitutes put into ditch, this object is placed on the first layer and with another one hydrophobic composition layer covers this object.Subsequently, can cover the upper strata that constitutes by hydrophobic composition with pedosphere and prevent that said composition from being transported by wind or rain.

Figure 12 a exemplarily for example understands according to the present invention, is embedded in 132 the insides, bottom surface, and by layer 134 object that centers on 130 of hydrophobic composition.

When this underground object is fuel tank, can near this object, settle one or more transmitters 129 so that monitor possible oil spilling.According to this embodiment preferred of the present invention, hydrophobic composition is selected, so that absorb or be adsorbed on oil there, therefore easy operation sensor 129 correctly makes it have minimum false alarm.This can pass through, and for example, core material is selected to finish, so that make the absorption or the receptivity maximum of gathering materials.The representational embodiment of such core material includes, but not limited to provide the Mierocrystalline cellulose oatmeal of the receptivity of about 1:1.

For example, this embodiment is for preventing that it is useful especially producing false alarm, as describing in further detail hereinbefore.

The fuel tank that is placed in usually in the dykes and dams that the problem of oil spilling also is present on the ground arrives in the soil below the dykes and dams to prevent oil spilling.Yet, as time goes by, filled rainwater in these dykes and dams, in this case, oil spilling overflows from dykes and dams, thereby has polluted ground.

Referring now to Figure 12 b, this figure is to being placed in the example illustration of the object (for example, fuel tank) in the dykes and dams 135.According to embodiment preferred of the present invention, object 131 in dykes and dams 135 around the layer formed by hydrophobic particle (for example, gather materials 1, composition 110, etc.) fill.Preferably, the core material of hydrophobic particle is selected so that make the absorption or the receptivity maximization of layer 133.Like this, though water droplet 136 tegillums 133 repel, oil spilling 137 is by its attraction, caused that therefore water overflows and contaminated oil is remained there from dykes and dams 135.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide the method for producing the hydrophobic composition that is used to protect underground object here.This method comprises the following method steps described in the schema of Figure 13.Method steps in this method.In first step of this method represented by piece 142, provide heat conducting free-pouring hydrophobicity (for example to gather materials, gather materials 112), in second step by piece 14 expressions, provide dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity (for example to gather materials, gather materials 114) and in the 3rd step, make these the two kinds mixing of gathering materials by piece 146 expressions.As top describing in further detail, these two kinds of ratio of mixture of gathering materials are selected so that the electrical isolation of underground object and transport heat therefrom.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this method may further include the optional step by piece 148 expressions, expandable hollow particles (for example, particle 116) and thermal conduction and dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity are gathered materials as detailed above such mixing.

Randomly and preferably, this method may further include another step by piece 150 expressions, in this step, make these two kinds gather materials (and the expandable hollow particles in comprising the embodiment of expandable hollow particles) and one or more additives that describe in detail hereinbefore, for example, but be not limited to, tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive mix.

After having consulted the following examples, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other purpose of the present invention, advantage and new feature will become apparent, and these embodiment also do not mean that qualification.In addition, describe hereinbefore and claims below parts in desired various embodiments of the present invention and aspect found test support in the following embodiments.

Embodiment

Referring now to the following examples, these embodiment for example understand the present invention with above-mentioned description in infinite mode.

Embodiment 1

Preparation-the general process of hydrophobic powder

As mentioned like that, hydrophobic powder of the present invention comprises impurity element and the optional hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide that has connected hydrocarbon on its of one or more selections.The composition of this hydrophobic powder is predetermined according to the application of hope.

Do not comprise in selected hydrophobic powder under the situation of hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide, preferably the impurity element by one or more selections is (for example for this hydrophobic powder, lime carbonate, magnesiumcarbonate, calcium oxide, Deng) the surface reaction preparation of colloidal solid and the lipid acid that in its hydrocarbon chain, has at least 10 carbon atoms, thereby obtained the hydrophobic derivatives of this element of powder type.The representational embodiment of such hydrophobic powder is a calcium stearate, and it is to buy the powder that is used at present in medicine and the plastics from the market.Yet such hydrophobic powder can be passed through, and for example, with impurity magnesium oxide for example, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon-dioxide and the preparation of vitriol doping lime carbonate, and formed adulterated calcium and stearic acid is reacted.

Comprise further in hydrophobic powder under the situation of hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide that formed hydrophobic powder mixture is that each element by mix predetermined quantities prepares up to reaching evenly.This mixed lasting about 10 minutes usually.

Comprise that according to the representative embodiment of hydrophobic powder of the present invention median size is that about 10 microns calcium stearate is (from Kfar-Gilaadi Quarries, Israel obtains) and median size be no more than 1 micron hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide (Aerosil Fume Silica, R-812, by Degussa, Germany obtains) mixture.Mixed this calcium stearate and incinerating silicon-dioxide about 10 minutes, and formed hydrophobic powder has and is no more than 10 microns median size.

Embodiment 2

Preparation-the general process of hydrophobic composites

Dry core material under at least 104 ℃ temperature (as definition hereinbefore) is lowered to below the 1 weight % up to its moisture content.This process is to carry out in the mixing vessel of the sealing of having assembled suction inlet, and this suction inlet has disposed a valve that can open and close.As selection, be placed on pre-dried core material in the above-described mixing vessel and be heated at least 70 ℃ temperature.

Be coated with this core material with viscous layer: the pre-preparation of this viscous layer be in mixing vessel under 40-90 ℃ temperature, (component of this mixture is to determine like that as described above) of in about 10 minutes process, carrying out.Then, the marquis joins it in mixing vessel that comprises the exsiccant core material described above when this viscosity mixture heat.After this, the mixture that heating and mixing are formed by exsiccant core material and viscous layer mixture is preferably under 30-60rpm, so that use above-described suction system to evaporate this solvent.As selection, this process is not heat, but undertaken by the automatic heating that utilizes this core material formation in drying process.Continue this process, reach 0% and, continue 10-45 minutes usually according to the solvent types of in the viscous layer mixture, using up to the solvent element.Be to be again from the economics viewpoint in order to protect environment, the solvent of evaporation (for example, organic solvent) can be recovered to be used for recycling.

At the additive that in hydrophobic composites, adds other (for example, the tinting material of Xiang Shuing hereinbefore, abrasive flour, anti-UV agent etc.) under the situation, this additive be this stage join in the mixing vessel and continue to mix, preferably with 30-60rpm, in addition 5 minutes are to obtain homogeneity.The material that is added should be dried, and is lower than 1% moisture content so that have.

Be coated with the core material of viscous layer with hydrophobic powder: in independent container, such hydrophobic powder for preparing as described above.As described above, formed hydrophobicity mixture through selecting is joined in the core material mixture.After adding the hydrophobicity mixture, for suction inlet is closed in the loss that prevents hydrophobic material.Continue to mix about 10 minutes, up to the powder completely dissolve.According to selected hydrophobicity mixture, solidified formed mixture 24 hours to 30 days, then so that produce final hydrophobic composites.

The total time of the process of the core material that obtains the exsiccant core material and obtain to be coated with by hydrophobic powder is between 25-60 minutes.

Embodiment 3

In cold technology, prepare hydrophobic composites-general process

Dry as described above core material reaches it and is lower than 1% moisture content.The exsiccant core material can be stored in the dry local of sealing so that be used for coating in the time of its refrigerative, and without any need for reheat.

Prepare the viscous layer mixture as mentioned above like that, this viscous layer mixture preferably includes 7% urethane and 93% vinyl acetic monomer in this process, and is added into then in the exsiccant core material.The amount of the viscous layer that is obtained in this process accounts for 3-7 weight % of exsiccant core material weight usually.At room temperature mixed formed mixture about 10 minutes, and be evaporated to 0% content up to ethyl acetate.Vinyl acetic monomer up to about 80% evaporation of its content can be recovered.

The hydrophobic coating composition that brings Selection In like that as described above then and mixed formed mixture about 5 minutes.

After 30 days, obtained final product in 24 hours in curing.

Embodiment 4

The preparation of hydrophobicity sand

As mentioned, dry sand, for example, particle diameter is 600-800 microns a quartz sand.

In independent container, urethane Alkydal F 48 in 70 ℃ of 55%benzene-xylel that will contain down 9 weight % is (from Bayer, Germany obtains), (Premier 1430 for the commercially available eu-bitumen of 5 weight %, from Paz-Kar, Israel obtains) and the viscous mixt of 86% toluene (from Frutarom, Israel obtains) mix about 10 minutes, and subsequently it is joined in the hot sand.Under 50rpm, continue to mix about 15 minutes, in this process, content of toluene is reduced to 0%.

In independent container, by mixing these elements about 10 minutes, prepare comprise 14:1-3:1 calcium stearate (from Kfar-Gilaadi Quarries, Israel obtains) and hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide (Aerosil Fume Silica, R-812, from Degussa, Germany buys) hydrophobic powder and then this hydrophobic powder is joined in the hot mixing vessel that contains the sand that has been coated with viscous layer.Close suction inlet and continue about 10 minutes of mixing with 50rpm.Solidified this product then 30 days.

Embodiment 5

Preparation with the improved hydrophobicity sand of excessive free particles

Dynamic glassware for drinking water is had improved resistivity in the research of hydrophobicity sand, find with the at present known method that is used for preparing hydrophobic composites (for example, US4,474,852) amount pointed in is compared, and uses the viscous layer (for example, the 2 weight % that gather materials up to drying) of increasing amount, owing in the hydrophobicity sand, added little hydrophobic particle, caused the resistivity of hydrophobicity sand to dynamic wearing and tearing.

This improved resistivity is to take place owing to following: in the time of ripples bump hydrophobicity sand, it is pushed particle open to a certain extent, and has formed the negative pressure of moment when ripple is withdrawn, and this has at first pulled out the light-weight particle.This " moving " of light granules just carried out owing to dynamic motion and these particles move towards dynamic disturbances, have formed the another one protective layer so that form the thin crust of hydrophobic particle.Because the strong-hydrophobicity energy of this shell, the water of withdrawing does not break away from this crust, and the hydrophobicity that next then ripple will run into twice is resisted line.

Find that such light granules can obtain by using excessive viscous layer.In the method, be not connected to the viscous layer component of sand, form free, particle diameter is 1-50 microns a light granules.These particles become hydrophobic in second stage with the grains of sand, at first they attracted to the negative pressure of moment and have formed described crust like this after this wave.

The detailed exemplary method for preparing so improved hydrophobicity sand of usefulness free particles is as follows:

As described above, to what obtain from the stone quarry, particle diameter is that 600-800 microns quartz sand carries out drying.

In independent container, under 70 ℃, make urethane Alkydal F 48 among the 55%benzene-xylel that contains 15 weight % (from Bayer, Germany obtains), commercially available eu-bitumen of 5 weight % (Premier 1430, and from Paz-Kar, Israel obtains) and 80 weight % toluene are (from Frutarom, the Israel acquisition) viscous mixt mixes about 10 minutes, and subsequently it is joined in the sand of heat.Under 50rpm, continue to mix about 15 minutes, in this process, content of toluene is reduced to 0%.The formed amount that is deposited on the viscous layer on the sand is 2 weight % of dry sand.

In independent container, by mixing these elements about 10 minutes, prepare calcium stearate by 14:1 (from Kfar-Gilaadi Quarries, Israel obtains) and hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide (Aerosil Fume Silica, R-812, by Degussa, Germany produces) hydrophobic powder that constitutes, and then this hydrophobic powder is joined in the hot mixing vessel that contains the sand that has been coated with viscous layer.Close suction inlet and continue about 10 minutes of mixing with 50rpm.Solidified this product then 30 days.

Embodiment 6

The hydrophobicity test

In the time of the sand of production hydrophobicity continuously, need be to the ongoing test of the hydrophobicity quality of final product.Present known method is measured contact angle or the surface energy of the hydrophobicity sand produced.Yet though when suitably being used, such two kinds of methods are accurately and reliably, but they for example need costliness and accurate equipment, microscope, computer and optical device, thus these methods are suitable for the laboratory rather than are used for existing and production line application fast.

Because needed test is relative and plans to compare the similar batch goods of hydrophobic character that therefore easily, time-consuming and cost-efficient testing method needs, and is designed as following:

Water is filled into glass beaker and is approximately its half height.Little funnel (" sand glass ") is placed on the water surface.Be placed on this glass beaker on the electronic balance and make making zero of this balance.Adding the hydrophobicity sand then in this funnel falls into the water up to husky piece.The weight that this balance indicates the hydrophobicity sand is used for comparison.

The ultimate principle of designed test is as follows: because this sand is hydrophobic, its surface tension that has changed water is so that sand floats on the water top.In practice, weighed the weight of hydrophobicity sand by surface tension.The attempt of hydrophobicity sand reaches the as far as possible little contact area with water, so that the grains of sand stick together mutually and should guide himself center towards beaker by the sand piece.Construct this little leak so that this sand stream is constant basically and makes ozzle approach water to guarantee actual sand " floating " and transmit any kinetics energy that husky piece is descended too early hardly.

For under identical as far as possible condition, more various sand samples, should follow following rule:

Water must be from same source, and should be preferably distilled;

Water temperature must be identical in all sample testings;

Test must begin under water is in static conditions, preferably in the space of sealing;

All other test data must be identical (beaker, funnel, sand, etc.);

Must follow the statistical sampling rule, the parallel substantive test that carries out.

This test can be by inserting electric stop dog at the funnel mouth of pipe, and demonstrate the detector of accurate moment automatically carry out when husky piece descends, and by shut-off valve sand drift interrupted then.

Embodiment 7

The corrodibility test

For the protection capability of verification hydrophobicity sand of the present invention to iron rot, the corrodibility test below having carried out:

In the container of having filled extra large sand, the diameter that inserts three standards is that the Polygons of 10mm is strengthened the iron construction reinforcing bar.These three reinforcing bars have identical length and weight.Except the top of this reinforcing bar that is used for electric connection that exposes, all covered the concrete of diameter on the whole length of first reinforcing bar for about 10cm.Based on the erosion levels in the concrete of foundry goods and compacting will be minimum hypothesis, expectation with this reinforcing bar as to the contrast of other two reinforcing bars and hereinafter its quilt become the contrast reinforcing bar.Second reinforcing bar stayed its state of nature and be used for the top of electric connection it being sunk in the extra large sand, and this second reinforcing bar is called as the nature reinforcing bar hereinafter except that exposing.The 3rd reinforcing bar is sunk in the extra large sand, except the top that is used for electric connection of its exposure, on its whole length, all centered on the of the present invention hydrophobicity sand (as embodiment 4 as described in preparation) of diameter, and the 3rd reinforcing bar is called as the hydrophobicity reinforcing bar hereinafter for about 10cm.

By 100 ohm resistor, second (nature) and the 3rd (hydrophobicity) reinforcing bar are electrically connected on the incrustive reinforcing bar of concrete (contrast).

Should sea sand with the water-wet that comprises 8% sodium-chlor, add sodium-chlor and be process for accelerated corrosion.In order to carry out seasoning, the wetting of this sand carried out fortnight by evaporation.

Measure second reinforcing bar (nature) and contrast reinforcing bar every day, and the electromotive force between the 3rd reinforcing bar (hydrophobic) and the contrast reinforcing bar.At present the data presentation that obtains natural reinforcing bar be stabilized in fixed level (about 100 millivolts) with the potential difference that contrasts between the reinforcing bar; thereby determined in natural reinforcing bar, carrying out corrosion process; yet the hydrophobicity reinforcing bar remains on zero level with the potential difference of contrast reinforcing bar always, has confirmed that not corrosion takes place and in fact this sand has protected reinforcing bar to avoid corrosion.

Go out reinforcing bar at six months post-tensionings, having shown does not have the corrosive sign on the hydrophobicity reinforcing bar, and natural reinforcing bar has lost 2.5% of its original weight.

In order before above-mentioned lab investigation, to obtain interim data, uncoated tinsel intermediate plate is inserted into half contains common sand and second half contains in the box of hydrophobicity sand of the present invention, so that half intermediate plate is dipped in the common sand and half is immersed in the hydrophobicity sand of the present invention (as preparation as described at embodiment 4) in addition.Experimentize with 10 identical boxes with such intermediate plate.

In another one experiment, 10 pairs of common AAA batteries are submerged in the garden mould, thus, a battery of each centering is submerged in the hydrophobicity sand of the present invention.

With these about 2 weeks of paper tinsel intermediate plate box of salt water-wet, yet, with battery in the seasonal shift in winter and spring embedding about two months, so that this soil not only got wet by rainwater but also by man-made irrigation, just as the standard of common garden mould.

After fortnight, all paper tinsel intermediate plate boxes of opening have shown the Corrosion results that communicates and have got rusty being embedded in half paper tinsel intermediate plate of common sand, yet are embedded in second half paper tinsel intermediate plate box in the hydrophobicity sand of the present invention intact corrosive sign that do not have that is kept perfectly.

All batteries that are embedded in the normal garden mould have shown the signs of corrosion of different levels and do not measured voltage in these batteries, yet, do not observe corrosive sign and the voltage in those batteries at any battery that is embedded in the hydrophobicity sand of the present invention and preserved veritably.

Embodiment 8

Wear testing

Most of present known sealing agents are often tested, determine their anti-hydrostatic,, do not have the water of kinetic energy that is.In this case, because the reaction between water and this material, liquid adsorption expands or contraction, and the sealing agent wearing and tearing have taken place, and because the wear process of sealing agent has also been quickened in the breeding of various organism in hydrostatic.

Yet under real condition, sealing agent also must stand dynamic water, and this is to have kinetic energy owing to water in most cases.Under the natural or artificial wetting situation, people can see that the water of the picture vertical or level of wave moves at each.Just as striking the sandy beach and having caused soil disruptive wave and corrode together when it is withdrawn, in wetting, it is more faster than the wearing and tearing that caused by hydrostatic that ripples have quickened wearing and tearing and such wearing and tearing of sealing agent.

Most of water motion wearing and tearing are because by the solid that water delivered in nature, sand for example, and various gather materials etc. causes.Therefore, for the simulating nature wearing and tearing, should in water, add for example croci (Fe of lost material ₂O ₃).

Therefore owing to lack the data of decreasing about real water mill, for the life-span of determining that hydrophobicity sand of the present invention is compared with other known sealing agent, and hydrophobicity sand of the present invention need thickness, carried out contrast test.

Therefore, two groups of tests have been carried out: in first group, test is for by polystyrene, PVC, bitumen sheets, hydrophobicity sand of the present invention (referring to, embodiment 4) and of the present invention with free particles improved hydrophobicity sand (referring to, embodiment 5) compare between the layer that constitutes and carry out.In second group, the sample of 5 improved hydrophobicity sands of usefulness free particles of the present invention (embodiment 5) has been carried out water mill decreased test.

These tests are following carrying out: provide and assembled the transparent glass beaker of tightening metal lid.In this metal lid, insert the spongy layer of having placed tested sealing agent on it, so that this sample extends on the edge of glass flask.The water that will comprise 10% iron powder is received in this beaker so that filled 1/4th of its scope.The seal sample that is used as packing ring tightens to this lid at the top of beaker.The beaker of sealing is inverted, lid down so that water has covered this sample.

Five each beakers that all comprise the different sealing agent or have an identical sealing agent of different thickness are placed on the rotating disk of the rotation that drives with the intermediate velocity up to 45rpm together.Because these tests are suitable, thus drive these beakers together, thus these water carry out relative circumferential motion round each beaker.When water infiltrates encapsulant surface and reaches the sponge of downward extruding, take off beaker.Note total rotational time of each beaker, thought a water rotary simulation in a glass cylinder wetting cycle or one wave.Because the wear-out life of PVC sheet is known, thus the wettability number of every day is determined coefficient, so that based on the sealant lifetime of representing with the moon, can relatively should the test duration.

The data that obtained show that the beaker that contains polystyrene took off after four days, and further proof is not having the water infiltration containing encapsulant surface in the beaker of hydrophobicity sand of the present invention after two months.

Embodiment 9

The weather resistance that hydrophobic composites is depressed outside

Hydrophobicity gather materials the ability of resisting hydraulic pressure with contact that cosine of an angle is directly proportional and be inversely proportional to capillary radius or intergranular interstitial radii.Therefore, not to be broken or to lose its hydrophobic hydrophobicity in order to obtain to stand high hydraulic pressure and gather materials, should use gather materials (so that intergranular interstitial radii minimum) by hydrophobic layer coating of small particle size with high contact angle.

Gather materials and stand the short period of time and ability lasting pressure, the test below having designed in order to measure hydrophobicity:

At the bear of wide and dark bucket, these holes are covered by porous cloth, make water pass through but sand can not pass through.Fill this bucket with the hydrophobicity sand.

The nozzle that will have long syringe cuts, so that uniform right cylinder is provided.For convenience, selecting the syringe cross-sectional area is 1cm ^2.On the syringe outside surface, pull on bungee, so that make it coarse, and further use than appropriate tree slurry (or any other be not water base tackiness agent) and cover the outside surface of this syringe, thereby so that the hydrophobicity sand is fixed to the there and has prevented that water from immersing the hydrophobicity sand from syringe.

Syringe is inserted in the hydrophobicity sand in the bucket, so that make the nozzle that blocks to the distance at the bucket end thickness as tested layer.This syringe is fixed to barrel wall both sides, so as syringe to the distance of any wall all greater than the thickness of tested layer, thereby prevented that water from " taking short path ".

The top of widening piston handle makes it bear weight, and the accurate improved piston of weighing.

Make half filling water of this syringe then and carefully piston is inserted into the inside.

By weight is placed on top land, but the final pressure of energy measurement, and set up the pressure of explosion.

Supposing that this gathers materials is not incompressible, and such test allows to carry out the contrast test of the water pressure resistance ability that various hydrophobicitys gather materials.Gathering materials for each hydrophobicity of test all must careful this hypothesis of verification.

As representational embodiment, test described above is to use the particle diameter for preparing as described in the preamble is 300-600 microns hydrophobicity sand and carries out with the hydrophobic powder that water forms 130 ° of contact angles.

The weight (comprising the deadweight of piston) of 3kg is placed on this piston 48 hours.Head remains unchanged in this time period.Increase load then gradually explosion takes place up at 4.6kg the time.

Embodiment 10

Determining of the amount of viscous layer

The core material that can be used in the hydrophobic composites of the present invention is material granulation or granular, each all is with different shapes, surface-area, and absorptivity, surface tissue and various other machinery and chemical property are feature.Therefore, the viscous layers of the present invention of the different different amounts of core material absorption are coated with fully up to them.

Therefore, from the economics viewpoint and for described in detail as mentioned like that (referring to, embodiment 5) need excessive viscous layer to produce the improved hydrophobic composites of usefulness " free particle ", calculate the amount of the concrete needed viscous layer of core material of coating and all wish.

In order to determine to be coated with fully the amount of the required viscous layer of specific core material, the test below having designed:

At first, sieve tested core material to remove little particle.The accurate tested sample of weighing surplus material then.Then as mentioned as described in, be coated with this core material with viscous layer and hydrophobic powder, thus the amount of viscous layer than the amount of much higher in the exemplary program and hydrophobic powder be standard and by accurately weighing.(in embodiment 5) as described above, the amount of high like this viscous layer has caused having the hydrophobicity sand of excessive free particles.

Solidify formed hydrophobic composites then, and after this it is passed through screen cloth identical with the front once more to remove formed free particles.Accurately weighing the hydrophobic composites sample of the tested volume that sieves.From hydrophobic composites, deduct the weight of the hydrophobic powder that is added, and remove formed weight with initial sample weight.The ratio that is obtained has been represented the relative quantity of viscous layer in this matrix material.

Be a representational embodiment of described test below:

With 200 microns nets common building sand is sieved to remove little particle.Three samples of weighing, each is 500cm ³, the result below having obtained: sample 1=812 gram; Sample 2=836 gram; Sample 3=821 gram; Weight in average=823 grams.

Then, per 823 gram mixtures are coated with the sand that sieves with 20 gram viscous layers and 1.5 gram hydrophobic powder.

After curing, use the sieve identical to sieve sand once more to remove free particles with the front.

Three samples of the sand of weighing hydrophobicity again, the result below having obtained: sample 1=818 gram; Sample 2=839.3 gram; Sample 3=832.1 gram; Weight in average=829.8 grams.

Deduct the amount (1.5) of hydrophobic powder, obtained the ratio of (829.8-1.5)/823=0.64%, represented to be deposited in the method the amount of the viscous layer on this core material.

Embodiment 11

Use water base viscous layer to prepare hydrophobic composites-general process

According to the present invention, the normally following manufacturing of the hydrophobic composites that has core material and be bonded to the hydrophobic material on the core material by water base viscous layer:

Dry core material: dry this core material (as defined hereinbefore) under at least 90 ℃ temperature is lowered to below the 1 weight % up to its moisture content.This process be the sealing installation carry out in the mixing vessel of suction inlet, this suction inlet has assembled valve and has opened and closed.As selection, be placed on pre-dried core material in the open stove and be heated at least 70 ℃ temperature.

With water base viscous layer coating core material: with 1: to 99:1, the pre-preparation that the ratio of preferred 1:2 contains the viscous layer mixture of water accack and water be in mixing vessel under 40-90 ℃ temperature, in about 10 minutes process, carry out.While hot this cohesive material is joined then in the mixing vessel of above describing that comprises the exsiccant core material.Preferably with the core material and the formed mixture of viscous layer mixture of 30-60rpm combination drying, and optional further heating, after this use the interior heat that forms in reaction process, rate of drying is optional to be combined with outer heat and/or blower in order to increase, and steams again dry this mixture.Continue this process and reach 0% and continue 30 minutes usually up to water content.

In hydrophobic composites, (for example adding other additive, above described tinting material, abrasive, anti-UV agent, Deng) situation under, this additive joined in the mixing vessel in this stage, and preferably with 30-60rpm, continued to mix other 5 minutes to obtain homogeneity.The material that is added should be an exsiccant, is less than 1% moisture content so that have.

Be coated with the core material of water base viscous layer with hydrophobic material: that will be described in detail as mentioned is such, and the hydrophobic material of selecting is joined in this core material mixture.After adding hydrophobic material,, close suction inlet in order to prevent the loss of hydrophobic material.Then, according to selected hydrophobic material, temperature and humidity was solidified formed mixture 24 hours to 7 days, so that produce final hydrophobic composites.

Embodiment 12

Hydrophobicity sand with water base viscous layer

As being used for effectively hydrophobic material is bonded to representational embodiment on the core material, has selected pitch-emulsion adhesive and bitumen/polymer tackiness agent.These tackiness agents are the aqueous-based adhesives that can buy on the market, and they are known and normally sell as waterproofing slurry.A large amount of bituminous cements is available at present, their various physics and chemical property temperature tolerances for example separately, the stability in acid or the alkaline environment, differences such as the accessibility of application.

Has water base viscous layer, and be coated with by the calcium stearate hydrophobic powder, the representative embodiment of the hydrophobicity sand for preparing like that as mentioned above is according to above-described process, use is by following tackiness agent and water: Bitumflex (by Bitum, 4 Ayezira str., HaifaIsrael production), and Elastopaz is (by Pazkar, Alon Tavor, Afula, Israel produces) mixture formed is as the viscous layer preparation.Observe 140 ° contact angle, thereby clearly illustrate that all matrix materials that contain water base viscous layer can be used in the various application effectively.The high-performance that prediction is obtained by these hydrophobic composites gives the credit to their good viscous force of dry back.The good performance of these water base viscous layers further gives the credit to their anion characteristic, and this characteristic provides improved catching property of air, discussed in as mentioned like that, this is highly favourable.Suppose that anionic property forces the calcium stearate particle vertically to be pressed on this surface, has obtained to catch the cage structure of air like this.

To expect and the feature that is described in order knowing in the independent embodiment context more of the present invention can also combinedly to provide in one embodiment.On the contrary, of the present invention various in order briefly to be described in a feature in the embodiment context, also can provide individually or with any suitable combination again.

Though described the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention, yet clearly, much replaced for a person skilled in the art, modifications and variations all are conspicuous.Correspondingly, expectation comprises the spirit that falls into appending claims and the replacement in the wide region, modification and the change that all are such.The open text of all that in this specification sheets, mention, patent and patent application all are incorporated in this specification sheets as a reference in full at this, to reach as each open text, patent or patent application all are expressed as the same as a reference degree that is incorporated into particularly and individually herein.In addition, application in this application or evaluation should not be interpreted as admitting that such reference can obtain as prior art of the present invention.

Claims

1. hydrophobic composites, it comprises that described hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain by the core material of hydrophobic powder coating.

2. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon chain comprises at least 10 carbon atoms.

3. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

4. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 3, wherein said hydrocarbon is the fatty acid residue with at least 12 carbon atoms.

5. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 4, wherein said lipid acid is selected from stearic acid, lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitinic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.

6. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said element is selected from metallic element, semimetallic elements and transition metal.

7. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said at least a element is selected from magnesium, calcium, aluminium, zinc, sodium, barium, zirconium, manganese, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron and their combination.

8. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 0.02 micron-50 microns median size.

9. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 1m ²/ gram-60m ²The surface-area of/gram.

10. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, it is characterized in that it is inactive for alkaline reagents.

11. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, it can prevent on water adhesion is to it and anti-sealing infiltrates through wherein depressing outside atmospheric up to about 4.5.

12., it is characterized in that it can consume at least two months by anti-dynamic water mill according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1.

13. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic powder is adhered on the described core material via viscous layer.

14. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said core material is selected from particulate material and granulated material.

15. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

16. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 14, wherein said core material has the median size in 25 millimeters-5 micrometer ranges.

17. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 15, wherein said core material is a quartz sand.

18. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 13, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

19. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 18, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

20. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 13, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

21. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 20, wherein said membrane-forming agent is a film forming urethane.

22. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 20, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

23. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 20, wherein said tackiness agent is the volatile hydrocarbon with at least 12 carbon atoms.

24. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 23, wherein said tackiness agent is selected from liquid bitumen, paraffin, beeswax, wool wax, Semen Lini oil and their combination.

25. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 22, wherein said tackiness agent accounts for about 0.1-about 50 weight % of described viscous layer.

26. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

27. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 26, wherein said hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide accounts for 1-99 weight % of described hydrophobic powder.

28. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 13, wherein said viscous layer accounts for about 0.5-about 7 weight % of hydrophobic composites.

29. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, wherein said hydrophobic powder accounts for about 0.1-about 5 weight % of described hydrophobic composites.

30. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 26, wherein said hydrophobic powder accounts for about 0.1-about 5 weight % of described hydrophobic composites.

31. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 1, it further comprises at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

32. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 31, about 0.1-about 2 weight % of the described hydrophobic composites of wherein said colorant comprises.

33. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 31, wherein said anti-UV agent and described SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER account for about 0.01-about 2 weight % of described hydrophobic composites separately.

34. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 31, wherein said abrasive accounts for about 0.1-about 0.5 weight % of described hydrophobic composites.

Be coated with core material 35. a method for preparing hydrophobic composites, this method comprise with hydrophobic powder, thereby hydrophobic composites is provided, described hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

36. according to the described method of claim 35, it further comprises, before described coating, applies viscous layer on described core material, described viscous layer is bonded to described hydrophobic powder on the described core material.

37. according to the described method of claim 36, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent, and describedly viscous layer is coated to step on the described core material comprises described core material is mixed with the viscous mixt that contains described membrane-forming agent and volatile solvent, from the mixture of described core material and described viscous mixt composition, remove all described volatile solvents simultaneously, thereby the core material that has applied described viscous layer on it is provided.

38. according to the described method of claim 36, wherein said viscous layer comprises water accack, and describedly viscous layer is coated to step on the described core material comprises described core material is mixed with the water-based viscous mixt that contains described water accack and aqueous solvent, from the mixture of described core material and described viscous mixt composition, remove all described aqueous solvents simultaneously, thereby the core material that has applied described viscous layer on it is provided.

39. according to the described method of claim 38, the concentration range of wherein said water accack in described water-based viscous mixt is in about 1 weight %-about 99 weight %.

40. according to the described method of claim 35, it further is included in described coating dry described core material before.

41. according to the described method of claim 35, it further is included in described mixing dry described core material before.

42. according to the described method of claim 35, it solidifies described hydrophobic composites after further being included in described coating.

43. according to the described method of claim 42,1-30 days time is carried out in wherein said curing.

44. according to the described method of claim 37, the wherein said volatile solvent of removing is undertaken by the evaporation heating.

45., wherein saidly remove described volatile solvent and at room temperature carry out according to the described method of claim 37.

46. according to the described method of claim 37, wherein said volatile solvent is that boiling point is at about 80-200 ℃ organic solvent.

47. according to the described method of claim 38, wherein said aqueous solvent is a water.

48., wherein remove described aqueous solvent and undertaken by the rotating cage drying according to the described method of claim 38.

49. according to the described method of claim 35, it makes described core material mix with the additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive before further being included in described coating.

50. according to the described method of claim 37, it further is included in the described core material that has described viscous layer on it is mixed with the additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

51. according to the described method of claim 38, it makes the described core material that has described viscous layer on it mix with the additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive before further being included in described coating.

52. according to the described method of claim 35, wherein said core material is selected from particulate material and granulated material.

53. according to the described method of claim 52, wherein said core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

54. according to the described method of claim 52, wherein said core material has the median size in 25 millimeters-5 micrometer ranges.

55. according to the described method of claim 53, wherein said core material is a quartz sand.

56. according to the described method of claim 37, wherein said membrane-forming agent is a film forming urethane.

57. according to the described method of claim 37, wherein said viscous mixt further comprises tackiness agent.

58. according to the described method of claim 57, wherein said tackiness agent is the volatile hydrocarbon with at least 12 carbon atoms.

59. according to the described method of claim 58, wherein said tackiness agent is selected from liquid bitumen, paraffin, beeswax, wool wax, Semen Lini oil and their combination.

60. according to the described method of claim 35, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 0.02 micron-50 microns median size.

61. according to the described method of claim 35, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 1m ²/ gram-60m ²The surface-area of/gram.

62. according to the described method of claim 35, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

63. according to the described method of claim 62, wherein said hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide accounts for 1-99 weight % of described hydrophobic powder.

64. according to the described method of claim 37, wherein said viscous layer accounts for about 0.5-about 7 weight % of described hydrophobic composites.

65. according to the described method of claim 35, wherein said hydrophobic powder accounts for about 0.1-about 5 weight % of described hydrophobic composites.

66. a hydrophobic particle, it comprises that described hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain by the granular core material of hydrophobic powder coating.

67. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said hydrocarbon chain comprises at least 10 carbon atoms.

68. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

69. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 68, wherein said hydrocarbon is the fatty acid residue with at least 12 carbon atoms.

70. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 69, wherein said lipid acid is selected from stearic acid, lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitinic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.

71. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said at least a element is selected from metallic element, semimetallic elements transition metal and their combination.

72. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said at least a element is selected from magnesium, calcium, aluminium, zinc, sodium, barium, zirconium, manganese, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron and their combination.

73. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 0.02 micron-50 microns median size.

74. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 1m ²/ gram-60m ²The surface-area of/gram.

75., it is characterized in that it is inactive for alkaline reagents according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66.

76. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, it can prevent on water adhesion is to it and anti-sealing infiltrates through wherein depressing outside atmospheric up to about 4.5.

77., it is characterized in that it can consume at least two months by anti-dynamic water mill according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66.

78. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said hydrophobic powder is attached on the described granular core material by viscous layer.

79. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

80. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said granular core material has the median size in 25 millimeters-5 micrometer ranges.

81. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 79, wherein said granular core material is a quartz sand.

82. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 78, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

83. 2 described hydrophobic particles according to Claim 8, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

84. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 78, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

85. 4 described hydrophobic particles according to Claim 8, wherein said membrane-forming agent is a film forming urethane.

86. 4 described hydrophobic particles according to Claim 8, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

87. 4 described hydrophobic particles according to Claim 8, wherein said tackiness agent is the volatile hydrocarbon with at least 12 carbon atoms.

88. 7 described hydrophobic particles according to Claim 8, wherein said tackiness agent is selected from liquid bitumen, paraffin, beeswax, wool wax, Semen Lini oil and their combination.

89. 6 described hydrophobic particles according to Claim 8, wherein said tackiness agent accounts for about 0.1-about 50 weight % of described viscous layer.

90. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

91. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 90, wherein said hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide accounts for 1-99 weight % of described hydrophobic powder.

92. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 78, wherein said viscous layer accounts for about 0.5-about 7 weight % of described hydrophobic particle.

93. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, wherein said hydrophobic powder accounts for about 0.1-about 5 weight % of described hydrophobic particle.

94. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 90, wherein said hydrophobic powder accounts for about 0.1-about 5 weight % of described hydrophobic particle.

95. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 66, it further comprises at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

96. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 95, about 0.1-about 2 weight % of the described hydrophobic particle of wherein said colorant comprises.

97. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 95, wherein said anti-UV agent and described SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER account for about 0.01-about 2 weight % of described hydrophobic particle separately.

98. according to the described hydrophobic particle of claim 95, wherein said abrasive accounts for about 0.1-about 0.5 weight % of described hydrophobic particle.

Be coated with granular core material 99. a method for preparing hydrophobic particle, this method comprise with hydrophobic powder, thereby hydrophobic particle is provided, described hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

100. according to the described method of claim 99, it applies viscous layer before further being included in described coating on described granular core material, described viscous layer is bonded to described hydrophobic powder on the described granular core material.

According to the described method of claim 100, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent, and describedly viscous layer is coated to step on the described granular core material comprises described granular core material is mixed with the viscous mixt that contains described membrane-forming agent and volatile solvent, from the mixture of described granular core material and described viscous mixt composition, remove all described volatile solvents simultaneously, thereby the described granular core material that has applied described viscous layer on it is provided.

According to the described method of claim 36, wherein said viscous layer comprises water accack, and describedly viscous layer is coated to step on the described core material comprises described core material is mixed with the water-based viscous mixt that contains described water accack and aqueous solvent, from the mixture of described core material and described water-based viscous mixt composition, remove all described aqueous solvents simultaneously, thereby the described core material that has applied described viscous layer on it is provided.

According to the described method of claim 102, the concentration of wherein said water accack in described viscous mixt is about 1 weight %-about 99 weight %.

According to the described method of claim 99, it further is included in the before dry described granular core material of described coating.

According to the described method of claim 101, it further is included in the before dry described granular core material of described mixing.

According to the described method of claim 99, it solidifies described hydrophobic particle after further being included in described coating.

According to the described method of claim 106,1-30 days time is carried out in wherein said curing.

According to the described method of claim 101, wherein saidly remove described volatile solvent and undertaken by evaporation heating.

According to the described method of claim 101, wherein saidly remove described volatile solvent and at room temperature carry out.

110. according to the described method of claim 101, wherein said volatile solvent is that boiling point is at about 80 ℃-200 ℃ organic solvent.

111. according to the described method of claim 102, wherein said aqueous solvent is a water.

112., wherein saidly remove described water and undertaken by the rotating cage drying according to the described method of claim 102.

113. according to the described method of claim 99, it makes described granular core material mix with the additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive before further being included in described coating.

114. according to the described method of claim 101, it further is included in the described granular core material that has described viscous layer on it is mixed with the additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

115. according to the described method of claim 99, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

116. according to the described method of claim 99, wherein said granular core material has the median size in 25 millimeters-5 micrometer ranges.

117. according to the described method of claim 115, wherein said granular core material is a quartz sand.

118. according to the described method of claim 101, wherein said membrane-forming agent is a film forming urethane.

119. according to the described method of claim 101, wherein said viscous mixt further comprises tackiness agent.

120. according to the described method of claim 119, wherein said tackiness agent is the volatile hydrocarbon with at least 12 carbon atoms.

121. according to the described method of claim 120, wherein said tackiness agent is selected from liquid bitumen, paraffin, beeswax, wool wax, Semen Lini oil and their combination.

122. according to the described method of claim 99, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 0.02 micron-50 microns median size.

123. according to the described method of claim 99, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 1m ²/ gram-60m ²The surface-area of/gram.

124. according to the described method of claim 99, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

125. according to the described method of claim 124, wherein said hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide accounts for 1-99 weight % of described hydrophobic powder.

126. according to the described method of claim 101, wherein said viscous layer accounts for about 0.5-about 7 weight % of described hydrophobic particle.

127. according to the described method of claim 99, wherein said hydrophobic powder accounts for the about 5 weight % of about 0.1-of described hydrophobic particle.

128. the free-pouring hydrophobicity that can repel the predetermined peak pressure of liquid is gathered materials, this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, wherein to contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, described liquid and the described particle and at least a selection the in the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle, the layer that gathers materials with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch is lower than with pressure or the liquid that equals described predetermined peak pressure when contacting, and prevents that liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of described free-pouring hydrophobicity.

129. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein said liquid is water.

130. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein said layer has the thickness of about 1cm-about 10cm, and described predetermined peak pressure equals highly to be the above water column of 30cm.

131. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein said layer has the thickness of about 1cm-about 10cm, and predetermined peak pressure equals the water column of the above height of 100cm.

132. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein said size distribution is characterised in that in 1 micron-1400 micrometer range and changes.

133. gather materials, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that formed maximum diameter capillaceous is suitable for repelling the predetermined peak pressure of described liquid between described particle according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128.

134. gather materials, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that formed maximum diameter capillaceous is 1 nanometer-500 nanometer between described particle according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128.

135. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, it further comprises the expandable hollow particles that the kapillary that forms between particle diameter and described particle is compatible and can absorb described liquid.

136. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 135, the receptivity of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 100-about 5000 by weight.

137. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 135, wherein, described swellability particulate swelling state with and deflated state under, described swellability particulate freezing temperature is approximately below-20 degrees centigrade.

138. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 135, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

139. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 135, the diameter of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 1 micron-about 1000 microns.

140. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 135, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

141. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 135, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

142. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 135, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

143. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity is characterised in that predetermined proportion.

144. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity is characterised in that minimum water-retaining capacity.

145. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity is characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics.

146. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 145, wherein said predetermined thermal characteristics is selected from thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and latent heat.

147. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity is characterised in that predetermined sound insulation capabilities.

148. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity can allow liquid evaporation.

149. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein said size distribution is directly proportional with described predetermined peak pressure.

150. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein said contact cosine of an angle is directly proportional with described predetermined peak pressure, and described contact angle is that the tangent line on the surface that limits by gathering materials by described free-pouring hydrophobicity is measured.

151. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, wherein said characteristic distance and described predetermined peak pressure are inversely proportional to.

152. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 128, the particle of wherein said a plurality of different-grain diameters comprise by through selecting so that the granular core material of the hydrophobic material coating of described contact angle is provided.

153. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 152, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

154. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 153, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

155. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 154, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

156. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 155, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

157. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 152, wherein said hydrophobic material is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

158. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 152, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises the expandable hollow particles that can absorb described liquid.

159. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 158, the diameter of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 1 micron-about 100 microns.

160. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 158, the receptivity of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 100-about 5000 by weight.

161. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 158, wherein the swelling state of described expandable hollow particles with and deflated state under, the freezing temperature of described expandable hollow particles is approximately below-20 degrees centigrade.

162. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 158, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 1 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

163. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 158, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

164. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 158, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

165. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 158, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

166. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 152, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

167. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 157, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

168. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 167, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

169. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 157, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

170. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 169, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

171. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 152, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

172. gather materials according to the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of claim 152, it further comprises at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

173. a hydrophobicity brick, it comprises that protectiveness encapsulant with predetermined shape and the free-pouring hydrophobicity that is encapsulated in the described protectiveness encapsulant gather materials.

174. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 173, wherein said protectiveness encapsulant is made by degradation material.

175. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 173, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and to contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a selection the in the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle, gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch, prevent that liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of described free-pouring hydrophobicity.

176. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 175, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling described liquid.

177. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 175, it further comprises the expandable hollow particles that particle diameter is compatible with the kapillary that forms and can absorb described liquid between described particle.

178. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 177, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

179. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 177, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

180. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 177, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

181. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 177, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

182. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 175, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined proportion so that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

183. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 175, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that minimum receptivity so that this free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

184. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 175, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

185. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 175, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined sound insulation capabilities so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

186. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 175, wherein described size distribution is selected, can be allowed liquid evaporation so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

187. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 173, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the granular core material that is coated with by hydrophobic material.

188. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 187, wherein hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

189. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 188, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

190. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 189, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

191. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 190, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

192. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 187, wherein said hydrophobic material is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

193. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 187, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises the expandable hollow particles that can absorb liquid when contacting with liquid.

194. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 193, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

195. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 193, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

196. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 193, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

197. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 193, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

198. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 187, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

199. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 192, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

200. according to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 199, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

According to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 192, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

According to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 201, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

According to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 187, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

According to the described hydrophobicity brick of claim 187, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

A kind of method that makes with ground contacting structure part waterproof, it comprises:

The bed that provides free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials; And

With described structural arrangement free-pouring hydrophobicity gather materials the bed on or within.

According to the described method of claim 205, it further comprises being sealed in by the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials protects described bed on the protective structures.

According to the described method of claim 205, the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials comprise the arrangement of hydrophobicity brick, each piece brick all be have a predetermined shape and encapsulated the protectiveness encapsulant that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the described method of claim 207, wherein said protectiveness encapsulant is made by degradation material.

According to the described method of claim 205, the thickness of the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 1-15cm.

210. according to the described method of claim 205, the thickness of the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 4-10cm.

211. according to the described method of claim 205, it comprises that further described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with light-weight aggregate.

212. according to the described method of claim 205, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and to contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a selection the in the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle, gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch, prevent that described liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of free-pouring hydrophobicity.

213. according to the described method of claim 212, wherein said liquid is water.

214. according to the described method of claim 212, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling described liquid.

215. according to the described method of claim 212, it further comprises particle diameter and expandable hollow particles that can absorption fluids compatible with the kapillary that forms between described particle.

216. according to the described method of claim 215, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

217. according to the described method of claim 215, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

218. according to the described method of claim 215, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

219. according to the described method of claim 215, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

220. according to the described method of claim 212, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined proportion so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

221. according to the described method of claim 212, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that minimum receptivity so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

222. according to the described method of claim 212, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

223. according to the described method of claim 212, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined sound insulation capabilities so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

224. according to the described method of claim 212, wherein described size distribution is selected, can be allowed liquid evaporation so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

225. according to the described method of claim 205, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the granular core material that is coated with by hydrophobic material.

226. according to the described method of claim 225, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

227. according to the described method of claim 226, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

228. according to the described method of claim 227, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

229. according to the described method of claim 228, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

230. according to the described method of claim 227, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

231. according to the described method of claim 227, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprise can be when contacting with fluid the expandable hollow particles of absorption fluids.

232. according to the described method of claim 231, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

233. according to the described method of claim 231, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

234. according to the described method of claim 231, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

235. according to the described method of claim 231, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

236. according to the described method of claim 226, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

237. according to the described method of claim 230, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

238. according to the described method of claim 237, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

239. according to the described method of claim 230, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

240. according to the described method of claim 239, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

241. according to the described method of claim 227, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

242. according to the described method of claim 226, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

243. a method that makes the subterranean wall waterproof of structure, the side wall that the adjacent free-pouring hydrophobicity of subterranean wall that it comprises provides at least one and this structure is gathered materials.

244. according to the described method of claim 243, it further comprises by described side wall being enclosed in the side wall of protecting described free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials in the protective structures.

245. according to the described method of claim 243, it further comprises as time goes by, recharges the side wall that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

246. according to the described method of claim 243; the described side wall that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials comprises the arrangement of hydrophobicity brick, each piece brick all be have a predetermined shape and encapsulated the protectiveness encapsulant that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

247. according to the described method of claim 246, wherein said protectiveness encapsulant is made by degradation material.

248. according to the described method of claim 243, it further comprises the described subterranean wall that is coated with described structure with the water-repellent substance that is selected from liquid and thickener.

249. according to the described method of claim 243, wherein said structure is existing structure, and described method is used as method for repairing and mending.

250. according to the described method of claim 243, wherein said structure is new structure, and described method is to use in the process of building.

251. according to the described method of claim 243, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and to contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a selection the in the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle, gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch, prevent that liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of described free-pouring hydrophobicity.

252. according to the described method of claim 251, wherein said liquid is water.

253. according to the described method of claim 251, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling described liquid.

254. according to the described method of claim 251, its further comprise particle diameter compatible with the kapillary that between described particle, forms and can absorb described fluidic expandable hollow particles.

255. according to the described method of claim 254, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

256. according to the described method of claim 254, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

257. according to the described method of claim 254, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

258. according to the described method of claim 254, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

259. according to the described method of claim 251, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined proportion so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

260. according to the described method of claim 251, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that minimum receptivity so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

261. according to the described method of claim 251, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

262. according to the described method of claim 251, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined sound insulation capabilities so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

263. according to the described method of claim 251, wherein described size distribution is selected, can be allowed liquid evaporation so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

264. according to the described method of claim 243, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the granular core material that is coated with by hydrophobic material.

265. according to the described method of claim 264, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

266. according to the described method of claim 265, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

267. according to the described method of claim 266, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

268. according to the described method of claim 267, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

269. according to the described method of claim 266, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

270. according to the described method of claim 266, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprise can be when contacting with fluid the expandable hollow particles of absorption fluids.

271. according to the described method of claim 270, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

272. according to the described method of claim 270, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

273. according to the described method of claim 270, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

274. according to the described method of claim 270, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

275. according to the described method of claim 265, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

276. according to the described method of claim 269, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

277. according to the described method of claim 276, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

278. according to the described method of claim 269, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

279. according to the described method of claim 278, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

280. according to the described method of claim 266, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

281. according to the described method of claim 265, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

282. a method that makes the base plate waterproof of buildings, it comprises provides the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials on described buildings, and the base plate of this buildings is placed on the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

283. according to the described method of claim 282, the thickness of the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 1-15cm.

284. according to the described method of claim 282, the thickness of the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 4-7cm.

285. according to the described method of claim 282, it further comprises by described bed being enclosed in the bed of protecting described free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials in the protective structures.

286. according to the described method of claim 282, the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials comprise the arrangement of hydrophobicity brick, each piece brick all be have a predetermined shape and encapsulated the protectiveness encapsulant that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

287. according to the described method of claim 286, wherein said protectiveness encapsulant is made by degradation material.

288. according to the described method of claim 282, it further comprises pipe is embedded in the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

289. according to the described method of claim 282, it comprises that further described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with light-weight aggregate.

290. according to the described method of claim 282, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and to contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a selection the in the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle, gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch, prevent that described liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of free-pouring hydrophobicity.

291. according to the described method of claim 290, wherein said liquid is water.

292., wherein described size distribution is selected so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling described liquid according to the described method of claim 290.

293. according to the described method of claim 290, it further comprises particle diameter and expandable hollow particles that can absorption fluids compatible with the kapillary that forms between described particle.

294. according to the described method of claim 293, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

295. according to the described method of claim 293, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

296. according to the described method of claim 293, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

297. according to the described method of claim 293, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

298. according to the described method of claim 290, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined proportion so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

299. according to the described method of claim 290, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that minimum receptivity so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

300. according to the described method of claim 290, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the described method of claim 290, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity is characterised in that predetermined sound insulation capabilities.

According to the described method of claim 290, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity can allow liquid evaporation.

According to the described method of claim 282, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the granular core material that is coated with by hydrophobic material.

According to the described method of claim 303, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

According to the described method of claim 304, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

According to the described method of claim 305, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

According to the described method of claim 306, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

According to the described method of claim 305, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

According to the described method of claim 305, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprise can be when contacting with fluid the expandable hollow particles of absorption fluids.

310. according to the described method of claim 309, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

311. according to the described method of claim 309, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

312. according to the described method of claim 309, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

313. according to the described method of claim 309, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

314. according to the described method of claim 304, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

315. according to the described method of claim 308, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

316. according to the described method of claim 315, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

317. according to the described method of claim 308, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

318. according to the described method of claim 317, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

319. according to the described method of claim 304, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

320. according to the described method of claim 304, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

321. a method that makes the roof water-proof of buildings, described roof has sidewall, and described method comprises:

On described roof, apply the bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials;

Cover the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, to protect described bed.

322. according to the method for claim 321, wherein said covering comprise to described free-pouring hydrophobicity gather materials the bed on apply base plate.

323. according to the method for claim 321, the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials comprise the arrangement of hydrophobicity brick, each piece brick all be have a predetermined shape and encapsulated the protectiveness encapsulant that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

324. according to the described method of claim 323, wherein said protectiveness encapsulant is made by degradation material.

325. according to the described method of claim 321, the thickness of the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 1-15cm.

326. according to the described method of claim 321, the thickness of the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 4-7cm.

327. according to the described method of claim 321, it comprises that further described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with light-weight aggregate.

328. according to the described method of claim 321, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and to contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a selection the in the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle, gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch, prevented that liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of free-pouring hydrophobicity.

329. according to the described method of claim 328, wherein said liquid is water.

330. according to the described method of claim 328, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling described liquid.

331. according to the described method of claim 328, it comprises that further particle diameter is compatible with the kapillary that forms and can absorb large mouse fluidic expandable hollow particles between described particle.

332. according to the described method of claim 331, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

333. according to the described method of claim 331, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

334. according to the described method of claim 331, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

335. according to the described method of claim 331, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

336. according to the described method of claim 328, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined proportion so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

337. according to the described method of claim 328, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that minimum receptivity so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

338. according to the described method of claim 328, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

339. according to the described method of claim 328, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined sound insulation capabilities so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

340. according to the described method of claim 328, wherein described size distribution is selected, can be allowed liquid evaporation so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

341. according to the described method of claim 321, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the granular core material that is coated with by hydrophobic material.

342. according to the described method of claim 341, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

343. according to the described method of claim 342, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

344. according to the described method of claim 342, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

345. according to the described method of claim 344, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

346. according to the described method of claim 343, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

347. according to the described method of claim 343, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprise can be when contacting with fluid the expandable hollow particles of absorption fluids.

348. according to the described method of claim 347, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

349. according to the described method of claim 347, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

350. according to the described method of claim 347, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

351. according to the described method of claim 347, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

352. according to the described method of claim 342, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

353. according to the described method of claim 346, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

354. according to the described method of claim 353, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

355. according to the described method of claim 346, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

356. according to the described method of claim 355, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

357. according to the described method of claim 342, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

358. according to the described method of claim 342, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

359. a method that makes the water reservoir waterproof, this method comprises:

The paving bed that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is placed in the substrate of water reservoir; And

The wall that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is placed on the wall of water reservoir;

At least a protected property structure in paving bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and the wall covers, and described protective structures is designed and constructs described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathered materials and remains on correct position.

360. according to the described method of claim 359, the thickness of the paving bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is 4-15cm.

361. according to the described method of claim 359, it comprises that further described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with light-weight aggregate.

362. according to the described method of claim 359, wherein said protective structures is selected from watt, geotextile, concrete, plastics and their combination.

363. according to the described method of claim 359, at least a arrangement that comprises the hydrophobicity brick in described paving bed and the described wall of gathering materials of wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity, each piece brick all be have a predetermined shape and encapsulated the encapsulant that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

364. according to the described method of claim 363, wherein said protectiveness encapsulant is made by degradation material.

365. according to the described method of claim 359, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and the contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a of the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle are selected, the layer that gathers materials with the free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch is lower than with pressure or the liquid of the peak pressure that equals to be scheduled to when contacting, and has prevented that liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of free-pouring hydrophobicity.

366. according to the described method of claim 365, wherein said liquid is water.

367. according to the described method of claim 365, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling described liquid.

368. according to the described method of claim 365, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and comprise that further particle diameter is compatible with the kapillary that forms and can absorb described fluidic expandable hollow particles between described particle.

369. according to the described method of claim 368, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

370. according to the described method of claim 368, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

371. according to the described method of claim 368, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

372. according to the described method of claim 368, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

373. according to the described method of claim 361, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined proportion so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

374. according to the described method of claim 361, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that minimum receptivity so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

375. according to the described method of claim 359, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the granular core material that is coated with by hydrophobic material.

376. according to the described method of claim 375, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

377. according to the described method of claim 376, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

378. according to the described method of claim 377, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

379. according to the described method of claim 378, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

380. according to the described method of claim 377, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

381. according to the described method of claim 377, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprise can be when contacting with fluid the expandable hollow particles of absorption fluids.

382. according to the described method of claim 381, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

383. according to the described method of claim 381, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

384. according to the described method of claim 381, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

385. according to the described method of claim 381, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

386. according to the described method of claim 376, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

387. according to the described method of claim 380, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

388. according to the described method of claim 387, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

389. according to the described method of claim 380, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

390. according to the described method of claim 389, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

391. according to the described method of claim 376, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

392. according to the described method of claim 376, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

393. a protection is embedded in the method for subterranean object; this method comprises provides free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials; and so that the mode of layer between this object and ground that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, center on this object with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity layer that constitutes that gathers materials.

394. according to the described method of claim 393, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and the contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a of the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle are selected, the layer that gathers materials with the free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch is lower than with pressure or the liquid of the peak pressure that equals to be scheduled to when contacting, and has prevented that liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of free-pouring hydrophobicity.

395. according to the described method of claim 394, wherein said liquid is water.

396. according to the described method of claim 394, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling described liquid.

397. according to the described method of claim 394, it further comprises particle diameter and expandable hollow particles that can absorption fluids compatible with the kapillary that forms between described particle.

398. according to the described method of claim 397, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

399. according to the described method of claim 397, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

400. according to the described method of claim 397, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

According to the described method of claim 397, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

According to the described method of claim 394, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity is characterised in that predetermined proportion.

According to the described method of claim 394, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity is characterised in that minimum receptivity.

According to the described method of claim 394, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity is characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics.

According to the described method of claim 394, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity is characterised in that predetermined sound insulation capabilities.

According to the described method of claim 394, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that gathering materials, described free-pouring hydrophobicity can allow liquid evaporation.

According to the described method of claim 393, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the granular core material that is coated with by hydrophobic material.

According to the described method of claim 407, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

According to the described method of claim 408, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

410. according to the described method of claim 409, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

411. according to the described method of claim 410, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

412. according to the described method of claim 409, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

413. according to the described method of claim 409, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprise can be when contacting with fluid the expandable hollow particles of absorption fluids.

414. according to the described method of claim 413, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

415. according to the described method of claim 413, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

416. according to the described method of claim 413, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

417. according to the described method of claim 413, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

418. according to the described method of claim 408, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

419. according to the described method of claim 412, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

420. according to the described method of claim 419, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

421. according to the described method of claim 412, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

422. according to the described method of claim 421, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

423. according to the described method of claim 408, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

424. according to the described method of claim 408, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

425 1 kinds of hydrophobic compositions that are used to protect underground object; it comprises that the free-pouring hydrophobicity of heat conductivity is gathered materials and dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials; the free-pouring hydrophobicity of mixing described heat conductivity with the predetermined proportion of selecting is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials; so that, make described underground object electrical isolation there allowing heat when it transports.

426. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 425, wherein said underground object is selected from underground cable, underground electric wire, underground communication cable and underground communication electric wire.

427. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 425, at least a granular core material that comprises by the hydrophobic material coating that the free-pouring hydrophobicity of wherein said heat conductivity is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

428. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 427, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

429. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 428, wherein said hydrophobic powder has the color that can recognize.

430. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 428, wherein said granular core material further is colored coating and is coated with.

431. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 430, wherein said colored film is water resisting.

432. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 425, it further comprises particle diameter and the compatible expandable hollow particles of kapillary that forms between the particle that the free-pouring hydrophobicity of described heat conductivity is gathered materials and/or described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, described expandable hollow particles can absorption fluids.

433. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 432, the receptivity of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 100-about 5000 by weight.

434. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 432, wherein the swelling state of described expandable hollow particles with and deflated state under, the freezing temperature of described expandable hollow particles is for approximately below-20 degrees centigrade.

435. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 432, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

436. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 432, the diameter of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 1 micron-about 1000 microns.

437. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 432, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

438. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 432, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

439. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 432, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

440. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 428, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

441. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 440, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

442. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 441, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

443. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 428, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

444. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 443, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

445. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 444, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

446. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 443, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

447. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 446, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

448. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 428, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

449. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 428, it further comprises at least a additive that is selected from anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

450. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 428, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

451. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 425, at least a particle that comprises a plurality of different-grain diameters during the free-pouring hydrophobicity of wherein said heat conductivity is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

452. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 451, wherein the contact angle between the particle of described particle grain size distribution, liquid and described different-grain diameter and at least a of the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle are selected, be lower than with pressure or the liquid of the peak pressure that equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the described hydrophobic composition layer of box lunch, prevented that liquid from permeating via hydrophobic composition.

453. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 452, wherein said liquid is water.

454. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 452, wherein said layer has the thickness of about 1cm-about 10cm, and described predetermined peak pressure equals highly to be the above water column of 30cm.

455. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 452, wherein said size distribution is characterised in that between 1 micron-1400 microns and changes.

456. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 452, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling the predetermined peak pressure of described liquid.

457. according to the described hydrophobic composition of claim 452, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is 1 nanometer-500 nanometer.

458. a method of protecting underground object, this method comprises:

The hydrophobic composition that free-pouring hydrophobicity with heat conductivity is gathered materials and dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is provided; And

So that the mode of layer between this object and ground of described hydrophobic composition, center on this object with the layer of described hydrophobic composition;

The free-pouring hydrophobicity of described heat conductivity is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with the predetermined proportion of selecting, so that allowing heat to make this underground object electrical isolation there when it transports.

459. according to the described method of claim 458, wherein said underground object is selected from underground cable, underground electric wire, underground communication cable and underground communication electric wire.

460. according to the described method of claim 458, at least a granular core material that comprises by the hydrophobic material coating that the free-pouring hydrophobicity of wherein said heat conductivity is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

461. according to the described method of claim 460, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

462. according to the described method of claim 461, wherein said hydrophobic powder has the color that can recognize.

463. according to the described method of claim 461, wherein said granular core material further is colored coating and is coated with.

464. according to the described method of claim 463, wherein said colored film is water resisting.

465. according to the described method of claim 458, wherein said hydrophobic composition further comprises particle diameter and in the compatible expandable hollow particles of kapillary that the free-pouring hydrophobicity of described heat conductivity is gathered materials and/or described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity forms between gathering materials, described expandable hollow particles can absorption fluids.

466. according to the described method of claim 465, the receptivity of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 100-about 5000 by weight.

467. according to the described method of claim 465, wherein the swelling state of described expandable hollow particles with and deflated state under, the freezing temperature of described expandable hollow particles is approximately below-20 degrees centigrade.

468. according to the described method of claim 465, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

469. according to the described method of claim 465, the diameter of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 1 micron-about 1000 microns.

470. according to the described method of claim 465, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

471. according to the described method of claim 465, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

472. according to the described method of claim 465, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

473. according to the described method of claim 461, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

474. according to the described method of claim 473, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

475. according to the described method of claim 474, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

476. according to the described method of claim 461, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

477. according to the described method of claim 476, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

478. according to the described method of claim 477, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

479. according to the described method of claim 476, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

480. according to the described method of claim 479, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

481. according to the described method of claim 461, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

482. according to the described method of claim 461, wherein said hydrophobic composition further comprises at least a additive that is selected from anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

483. according to the described method of claim 461, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

484. according to the described method of claim 458, at least a particle that comprises a plurality of different-grain diameters that the free-pouring hydrophobicity of wherein said heat conductivity is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

485. according to the described method of claim 484, wherein to particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described different-grain diameter of described different-grain diameter particle between contact angle and at least a of the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle select, be lower than with pressure or the liquid of the peak pressure that equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the layer of the described hydrophobic composition of box lunch, prevented that liquid from permeating via free-pouring hydrophobic composition.

486. according to the described method of claim 485, wherein said liquid is water.

487. according to the described method of claim 485, wherein said layer has the thickness of about 1cm-about 10cm, and described predetermined peak pressure equals highly to be the above water column of 30cm.

488. according to the described method of claim 485, wherein said size distribution is characterised in that between 1 micron-1400 microns and changes.

489. according to the described method of claim 485, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling the predetermined peak pressure of described liquid.

490. according to the described method of claim 485, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is 1 nanometer-500 nanometer.

491. a production is used to protect the method for the hydrophobic composition of underground object, this method comprises:

Provide the free-pouring hydrophobicity of heat conductivity to gather materials;

Provide dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials; And

Gather materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials with the free-pouring hydrophobicity of the predetermined described heat conductivity of mixed;

Described predetermined ratio is selected, so that allow the insulation of described underground object and allow heat to transport there from it.

492. according to the described method of claim 491, wherein said underground object is selected from underground cable, underground electric wire, underground communication cable and underground communication electric wire.

493. according to the described method of claim 491, at least a granular core material that comprises by the hydrophobic material coating that the free-pouring hydrophobicity of wherein said heat conductivity is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

494. according to the described method of claim 493, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

495. according to the described method of claim 494, wherein said hydrophobic powder has the color that can recognize.

496. according to the described method of claim 494, wherein said granular core material further is colored coating and is coated with.

497. according to the described method of claim 496, wherein said colored film is water resisting.

498. according to the described method of claim 491; it comprises that further the free-pouring hydrophobicity that makes described heat conductivity is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and mixed with expandable hollow particles; the particle diameter of described expandable hollow particles is compatible with the kapillary that forms between the particle that the free-pouring hydrophobicity of described heat conductivity is gathered materials and/or described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, and described expandable hollow particles can absorption fluids.

499. according to the described method of claim 498, the receptivity of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 100-about 5000 by weight.

500. according to the described method of claim 498, wherein the swelling state of described expandable hollow particles with and deflated state under, the freezing temperature of described expandable hollow particles is approximately below-20 degrees centigrade.

According to the described method of claim 498, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

According to the described method of claim 498, the diameter of wherein said expandable hollow particles is about 1 micron-about 1000 microns.

According to the described method of claim 498, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

504 according to the described method of claim 498, and wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

According to the described method of claim 498, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

According to the described method of claim 494, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprises at least a impurity element that connects hydrocarbon chain.

According to the described method of claim 506, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

According to the described method of claim 507, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

According to the described method of claim 494, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

510. according to the described method of claim 509, wherein said viscous layer is water base viscous layer.

511. according to the described method of claim 510, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

512. according to the described method of claim 509, wherein said viscous layer comprises membrane-forming agent.

513. according to the described method of claim 512, wherein said viscous layer further comprises tackiness agent.

514. according to the described method of claim 494, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

515. according to the described method of claim 494, it comprises that further the free-pouring hydrophobicity that makes described heat conductivity is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and mixed with at least a additive, and described additive is selected from anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

516. according to the described method of claim 494, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

517. according to the described method of claim 491, at least a particle that comprises a plurality of different-grain diameters that the free-pouring hydrophobicity of wherein said heat conductivity is gathered materials and described dielectric free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

518. according to the described method of claim 517, wherein contact angle and at least a of the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle between the particle of particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described different-grain diameter of described different-grain diameter are selected, be lower than with pressure or the liquid of the peak pressure that equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the layer of the described hydrophobic composition of box lunch, prevented that liquid from permeating via the unrestricted flow hydrophobic composition.

519. according to the described method of claim 518, wherein said liquid is water.

520. according to the described method of claim 518, wherein said layer has the thickness of about 1cm-about 10cm, and described predetermined peak pressure equals highly to be the above water column of 30cm.

521. according to the described method of claim 518, wherein said size distribution is characterised in that between 1 micron-1400 microns and changes.

522. according to the described method of claim 518, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is suitable for repelling the predetermined peak pressure of described liquid.

523. according to the described method of claim 518, wherein described size distribution is selected, so that the maximum diameter capillaceous that forms between described particle is 1 nanometer-500 nanometer.

524. a preparation is used for the method in the zone of cultivated plant, bed that provides free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials on this zone is provided for it, and covers the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials with pedosphere, thereby has prepared to be used for the zone of cultivated plant.

525. according to the described method of claim 524, the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials comprise the arrangement of hydrophobicity patch, each piece be have a predetermined shape and encapsulated the protectiveness encapsulant that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

526. according to the described method of claim 525, wherein said protectiveness encapsulation is made by degradation material.

527. according to the described method of claim 525, wherein arrange described hydrophobicity patch, so that between adjacent hydrophobicity patch, form at least one at interval.

528. according to the described method of claim 524, it comprises that further described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with light-weight aggregate.

529. according to the described method of claim 524, it further comprises with superabsorbent polymers and covers the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

530. according to the described method of claim 524, it further comprises arranges that at least one raceway groove of collecting water is passed to water transport in the described soil with permission.

531. according to the described method of claim 524, it further comprises with the protective barrier layer around described pedosphere.

532. according to the described method of claim 531, wherein said protective barrier layer comprises that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

533. according to the described method of claim 524, the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is designed and is configured to be convenient to its water that does not have desalination that exists is below carried out desalting, and described desalting is that the bed that the steam that removes freshen by the water that makes described non-desalination gathers materials by described free-pouring hydrophobicity is realized.

534. according to the described method of claim 524, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and the contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a of the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle are selected, gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch, prevented that liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of free-pouring hydrophobicity.

535. according to the described method of claim 534, it further comprises particle diameter and expandable hollow particles that can absorption fluids compatible with the kapillary that forms between described particle.

536. according to the described method of claim 535, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

537. according to the described method of claim 535, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

538. according to the described method of claim 535, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

539. according to the described method of claim 535, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

540. according to the described method of claim 534, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined proportion so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

541. according to the described method of claim 534, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that minimum receptivity so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

542., wherein described size distribution is selected to be characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials according to the described method of claim 534.

543. according to the described method of claim 534, wherein described size distribution is selected, can be allowed liquid evaporation so that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

544. method of on salt-affected soil, preparing salt-free zone, bed that provides free-pouring hydrophobicity to gather materials on this salt-affected soil is provided for it, and cover the described bed that gathers materials by described free-pouring hydrophobicity with salt-free soil, thereby prepared salt-free zone.

545., comprise further that wherein described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with light-weight aggregate according to the described method of claim 544.

546. according to the described method of claim 544, it further comprises with superabsorbent polymers and covers the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

547. according to the described method of claim 544, the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is designed and is configured to be convenient to its water that does not have desalination that exists is below carried out desalting, and described desalting is that the bed that the steam that removes freshen by the water that makes described non-desalination gathers materials by described free-pouring hydrophobicity is realized.

548. according to the described method of claim 544, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and the contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a of the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle are selected, gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch, prevent that described liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of free-pouring hydrophobicity.

549. according to the described method of claim 548, it further comprises particle diameter and expandable hollow particles that can absorption fluids compatible with the kapillary that forms between described particle.

550. according to the described method of claim 549, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

551. according to the described method of claim 549, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

552. according to the described method of claim 549, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

553. according to the described method of claim 549, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

554. according to the described method of claim 548, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined proportion so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

555. according to the described method of claim 548, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that minimum receptivity so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

556. according to the described method of claim 548, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

557. according to the described method of claim 548, wherein described size distribution is selected, can be allowed liquid evaporation so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

558. one kind comprises that described hydrophobic material is bonded on the described core material via water base viscous layer by the hydrophobic composites of the core material of hydrophobic material coating.

559. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 558, wherein said water base viscous layer comprises water accack.

560. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 559, wherein said water accack is pitch-latex thickener.

561. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 558, wherein said hydrophobic material is selected from: comprise at least a hydrophobic powder, hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide, melt polypropylene and their any mixture that has connected the impurity element of hydrocarbon chain.

562. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 561, wherein said hydrocarbon chain comprises at least 10 carbon atoms.

563. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 561, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

564. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 563, wherein said hydrocarbon is the fatty acid residue with at least 12 carbon atoms.

565. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 564, wherein said lipid acid is selected from stearic acid, lauric acid, tetradecanoic acid, palmitinic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.

566. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 561, wherein said element is selected from metallic element, semimetallic elements and transition metal.

567. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 561, wherein said at least a element is selected from magnesium, calcium, aluminium, zinc, sodium, barium, zirconium, manganese, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron and their combination.

568. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 561, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 0.02 micron-50 microns median size.

569. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 561, wherein said hydrophobic powder has 1m ²/ gram-60m ²The surface-area of/gram.

570. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 558, wherein said core material is selected from particulate material and granulated material.

571. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 558, wherein said core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

572. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 570, wherein said core material has the median size in 25 millimeters-5 micrometer ranges.

573. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 571, wherein said core material is a quartz sand.

574. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 561, wherein said hydrophobic material comprises the mixture of being made up of described hydrophobic powder and described hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

575. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 574, wherein said hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide accounts for 1-99 weight % of described hydrophobic powder.

576. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 558, wherein said viscous layer accounts for about 0.5-about 7 weight % of described hydrophobic composites.

577. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 558, wherein said hydrophobic material accounts for about 0.1-about 5 weight % of this hydrophobic composites.

578. according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 558, it further comprises at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

579. a method for preparing according to the described hydrophobic composites of claim 558, this method comprises:

Mixed core material and the water-based viscous mixt that comprises water accack and aqueous solvent;

Remove described aqueous solvent, thereby the core material that has applied described water base viscous layer on it is provided; And

Applied the core material of described water base viscous layer with the coating of described hydrophobic material is described on it, thereby described hydrophobic composites is provided.

580. according to the described method of claim 579, the concentration of wherein said water accack in described water-based viscous mixt is about 1 weight %-about 99 weight %.

581. according to the described method of claim 100, it further is included in described mixing dry described core material before.

582. according to the described method of claim 100, it further is included in the dry described core material that has applied water base viscous layer on it before the described coating.

583. according to the described method of claim 579, it solidifies described hydrophobic composites after further being included in described coating.

584. according to the described method of claim 583,1-30 days time is carried out in wherein said curing.

585. according to the described method of claim 579, removing by the rotating cage drying of wherein said aqueous solvent undertaken.

586. according to the described method of claim 579, it further is included in the described core material that has described water base viscous layer on it is mixed with the additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.

587. according to the described method of claim 579, wherein said core material is selected from particulate material and granulated material.

588. according to the described method of claim 587, wherein said core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

589. according to the described method of claim 587, wherein said core material has the median size in 25 millimeters-5 micrometer ranges.

590. according to the described method of claim 588, wherein said core material is a quartz sand.

591. according to the described method of claim 579, wherein said water base viscous layer accounts for about 0.5-about 7 weight % of described hydrophobic composites.

592. according to the described method of claim 579, wherein said hydrophobic material accounts for the about 5 weight % of about 0.1-of described hydrophobic composites.

593. a plant cultivation method, it comprises:

The bed that gathers materials to free-pouring hydrophobicity provides a zone;

Cover the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials by pedosphere;

With plant growing in described pedosphere; And

Below the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, provide waterborne liquid, thereby cultivate this plant.

594. according to the described method of claim 593, wherein said waterborne liquid is a brackish water.

595. according to the described method of claim 593, the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials comprise the arrangement of hydrophobicity patch, each piece all be have a predetermined shape and encapsulated the protectiveness encapsulant that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

596. according to the described method of claim 595, wherein said protectiveness encapsulant is made by degradation material.

597. according to the described method of claim 595, wherein described hydrophobicity patch is arranged, so that between adjacent hydrophobicity patch, form at least one at interval.

598. according to the described method of claim 593, it comprises that further described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials mixes with light-weight aggregate.

599. according to the described method of claim 593, it further comprises with superabsorbent polymers and covers the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

600. according to the described method of claim 593, it further comprises arranges that at least one raceway groove of collecting water is to allow transport of water under the bed that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

According to the described method of claim 593, it further comprises with the protective barrier layer around described pedosphere.

According to the described method of claim 601, wherein said protective barrier layer comprises that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

According to the described method of claim 593, the bed that wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials is designed and is configured to be convenient to its water that does not have desalination that exists is below carried out desalting, and described desalting is that the bed that the steam that removes freshen by the water that makes described non-desalination gathers materials by described free-pouring hydrophobicity is realized.

According to the described method of claim 593, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the particle of a plurality of different-grain diameters, and the contact angle between described particle grain size distribution, liquid and the described particle and at least a of the characteristic distance between the adjacent particle are selected, gather materials the liquid of the peak pressure that is lower than with pressure or equals to be scheduled to when contacting with the described free-pouring hydrophobicity of box lunch, prevent that liquid is via the infiltration of gathering materials of free-pouring hydrophobicity.

According to the described method of claim 604, it comprises that further particle diameter is compatible with the kapillary that forms and can absorb described fluidic expandable hollow particles between described particle.

According to the described method of claim 605, wherein said expandable hollow particles when being in deflated state, accounts for below the 2 volume % that described free-pouring hydrophobicity gathers materials.

According to the described method of claim 605, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises superabsorbent polymers.

According to the described method of claim 605, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises and polyacrylic acid crosslinked sodium.

According to the described method of claim 605, wherein said expandable hollow particles comprises anti-caking agent.

610. according to the described method of claim 604, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined proportion so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

611. according to the described method of claim 604, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that minimum receptivity so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

612. according to the described method of claim 604, wherein described size distribution is selected, is characterised in that predetermined thermal characteristics so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

613. according to the described method of claim 604, wherein described size distribution is selected, can be allowed liquid evaporation so that described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials.

614. method that is used to store the container that contains oily matter, this method comprises this container is placed in the dykes and dams, and so that the mode of layer between container and soil that free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials, the layer that gathers materials with described free-pouring hydrophobicity centers on this container.

615., wherein described free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and selects, so that allow to absorb described oily matter according to the described method of claim 614.

616. according to the described method of claim 614, wherein said oily matter is an oil.

617. according to the described method of claim 615, it further is included in the described dykes and dams arranges the oily matter sensor sensitive, and gathers materials with described free-pouring hydrophobicity and to cover described transmitter, so that prevent that sealing arrives described transmitter.

618. according to the described method of claim 614, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is comprised the granular core material that is coated with by hydrophobic material.

619. according to the described method of claim 618, wherein said hydrophobic material is a hydrophobic powder.

620. according to the described method of claim 619, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprise at least a connected hydrocarbon chain impurity element.

621. according to the described method of claim 620, wherein said hydrocarbon chain is covalently bound to described at least a impurity element.

622. according to the described method of claim 621, wherein said hydrocarbon is a fatty acid residue.

623. according to the described method of claim 620, wherein said hydrophobic powder is bonded on the described granular core material via viscous layer.

624. according to the described method of claim 620, wherein said hydrophobic powder comprise when contacting with fluid can absorption fluids expandable hollow particles.

625. according to the described method of claim 619, wherein said granular core material is selected from sand, gravel, slag, porcelain shape rock, rhombspar, porcelain, basalt, quartz sand, coal ash, chalk, zeolite, polynite, turquoise, flint stone, wilkinite, perlite, mica, wood chip, shell, sawdust and their combination.

626. according to the described method of claim 619, wherein said hydrophobic powder further comprises the hydrophobicity pyrolytic silicon dioxide.

627. according to the described method of claim 619, wherein said free-pouring hydrophobicity is gathered materials and is further comprised at least a additive that is selected from tinting material, anti-UV agent, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and abrasive.