CN103154593A - 用于将管连接到lng罐的装置 - Google Patents

用于将管连接到lng罐的装置 Download PDF

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CN103154593A
CN103154593A CN2011800430042A CN201180043004A CN103154593A CN 103154593 A CN103154593 A CN 103154593A CN 2011800430042 A CN2011800430042 A CN 2011800430042A CN 201180043004 A CN201180043004 A CN 201180043004A CN 103154593 A CN103154593 A CN 103154593A
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tank
pipe
wall
inner casing
shell
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S·卡尔森
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0341—Perlite
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    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将不锈钢制成的至少一个双壁管连接至LNG罐(1)的装置，所述LNG罐具有不锈钢内壳(2)和与该内壳(2)间隔一距离的外壳(3)，所述内壳和所述外壳之间限定出隔离空间(14)。所述至少一个双壁管包括共同的外壁(9)和至少个一内管(8)。所述管的所述外壁(9)连接到所述罐的所述内壳(2)，使得所述外壁(9)和/或位于所述内壳(2)和所述外壁(9)之间的耐寒材料制成的管道配件(10)被配置为补偿所述管的所述外壁(9)和/或所述管道配件(10)的长度由于所述管的所述外壁(9)和所述罐的所述内壳(2)之间的温差而引起的变化。

Description

用于将管连接到LNG罐的装置
本发明涉及一种用于将不锈钢制成的双壁管连接到LNG罐的装置，该LNG罐具有不锈钢内壳和与该内壳间隔开的外壳，所述内壳和外壳之间限定出隔离空间。
由于是一种有效的减排手段，越来越多地使用LNG(液化天然气)作为燃料用于海洋应用。在未来的几十年中，天然气(NG)预计成为世界上最快增长的主要的能源来源。这个发展背后的驱动力是已知石油储量的消耗、环境保护的增加以及持续收紧的排放限制。所有主要的排放能够显著地减少以真正形成一个环境上的有效解决方案；特别是在传统的油基燃料的情况下，很难实现二氧化碳的减少。由甲烷(CH4)构成的天然气具有小浓度的如乙烷和丙烷的重碳氢化合物。在通常的外界条件下天然气是一种气体，但是可以通过将其冷却至-162℃而使其液化。在液态下，比容显著减小，从而允许使用一种相对于能源内容物来说合理大小的储罐。天然气的燃烧过程是洁净的。其高氢煤比(在所有化石燃料中最高)意味着相比于油基燃料具有更低的二氧化碳排放。当液化天然气时，除去了所有硫磺，其意味着零硫氧化物排放。天然气的洁净燃烧特性也相比于油基燃料显著地降低了氮氧化物和颗粒物的排放。液化石油气不仅仅是一种环境上的有效解决方案，还具有在今天石油价格下的经济价值。
船运存储天然气最可行的方法是以液态的形式进行。现有的船上装置是将液化天然气存储在圆柱形的、双壁的、绝缘不锈钢储罐中。罐的压力由引擎燃烧该气体的需要而限定，并且通常小于5巴(bar)。由于自然蒸发现象，选择了更高的罐设计压力(典型的是9巴)。
图1示意性地示出了用于船20的一种已知的LNG设备。LNG被存储在圆柱形压力储罐1中。该罐包括针对内部压力设计的不锈钢内壳和充当第二屏障的外壳。该外壳可由不锈钢或碳钢制成。该罐是用珍珠岩/真空进行隔离的。标号24表示燃料充装站，LNG从该燃料充装站经由隔离管引入罐1中。罐室4是焊接到罐1的外容器的不锈钢屏障。罐室充当一屏障以避免损害到外部隔间，并且促进蒸发气体的快速通风。来自罐的LNG蒸发，并经由气体阀单元21供给至引擎。主要的引擎发电机由22表示，并且开关装置由23表示。图1只是示出了用于LNG设备的示意性布置，并且因此没有详细解释控制系统、推进器、推进单元或船上需要的其他必要器具。
当采取了正确的预防措施时，NG是一种安全的燃料。
液态下的LNG是不会爆炸的，也不是腐蚀性的或有毒的。因此，当该液体沸腾至气体时，可能的泄露不会引起任何持续的污染。然而，考虑到通常的船用钢，低温是一个问题，但这个问题可以通过在LNG系统中使用适当的材料来避免。
气态NG比空气轻，这意味着在泄露的情况下，该气体将向上扩散并且不会积聚在船的舱底。相比较于柴油的点火温度(250℃)，NG具有相当高的点火温度(600℃)，并且NG只有在空气浓度为5％和15％之间的一个小的浓度范围内时才是易燃的。
船上的气体燃料系统包括液体存储罐、蒸发器、气体阀单元、管道和燃料充装系统。
存储罐和与其相关联的阀和管道应位于专为在发生液体或压缩气体泄露的情况下充当第二屏障而设计的空间内。该空间的隔板的材料应该具有与气体罐相同的设计温度，并且该空间应该设计为能承受最大的压力积累，或可替换地，可以设置通向安全位置(桅杆)的泄压口。该空间应该能够容纳泄露物并且热隔离，以便在泄露液体或压缩气体的情况下周围船体不会受到不可接受的冷却。
NG以气体的形式传送到引擎，但是以液体的形式存储。“罐室”与存储罐相关联，并且容纳将液体转换成气体以便安全传送到引擎的设备。罐室由于位于其中的液体管道而还被认为是“第二屏障”。
位于LNG罐和罐室之间的管道是双壁的，并且常规地，管设置成穿过LNG罐的外壳，并且在这些管连接到LNG罐的内壳(优选地，通过焊接连接到内壳)前进入LNG罐的内壳和外壳之间的空间。这种常规的布置本身是有作用的，但因为所有通向内壳的连接件都应该位于不锈钢罩内，所以需要LNG罐的外壳由不锈钢制成。
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于将管连接到LNG罐的改进的方案。其是通过用于将至少一个不锈钢制成的双壁管连接至LNG罐的装置来实现的，该LNG罐具有不锈钢内壳和与该内壳间隔一定距离的外壳，所述内壳和外壳之间限定出隔离空间，其中所述至少一个双壁管包括共同的外壁(common outer wall)和至少一个内管，其中所述管的所述外壁通过管道配件连接到所述罐的所述内壳，使得所述内壳和所述外壁之间的耐寒材料的管道配件被配置为补偿所述管的所述外壁和/或所述管道配件的长度由于所述管的所述外壁和所述罐的所述内壳之间的温差而引起的变化，所述管道配件形成为波纹管状的结构，其特征在于，在所述管的所述外壁的朝向所述罐的所述内壳的端部处配置有第一连接凸缘；在所述罐的所述外壳内形成的管入口处形成有向外延伸的第二连接凸缘；并且在所述第一连接凸缘和第二连接凸缘之间配置有热隔离件和/或密封构件。
所述波纹管优选通过焊接连接到所述管的所述外壁以及所述罐的所述内壳。
通过使用不锈钢的波纹管作为LNG罐的内壳和管的外壁之间的管道配件，使得可以吸收管道系统中由于所述管的外壁与所述罐的内壳之间的温差导致的相对运动。应用于波纹管的材料是不锈钢，优选是奥氏体型钢材。
将参照附图更详细地披露本发明，其中：
图1是使用LNG作为燃料的船的垂直剖面示意图。
图2是根据本发明的实施方式的LNG罐的一部分以及与其关联的罐室的垂直剖面示意图。
图3是图2的一部分的放大图，示出了进入所述罐的管的细部。
图4是根据本发明另一实施方式的LNG罐的一部分以及与其关联的罐室的垂直剖面示意图。
图5是根据本发明再一实施方式的LNG罐的一部分以及与其关联的罐室的垂直剖面示意图。
图6是根据本发明又一实施方式的LNG罐的一部分以及与其关联的罐室的垂直剖面示意图。
参照图2，LNG罐1包括内壳2和外壳3，该外壳3与内壳2之间限定出隔离空间14。该隔离空间14处于真空下和/或填充有隔离材料，例如珍珠岩或蛭石。罐室4与罐1相关联，该罐室4容纳有用于将液体转换成气体以便将其安全传送到引擎的设备(未示出)，该设备经由连接到所述罐的双壁管与所述罐流体连接。在图2和图3的示意图中，示出了两个内管8和共同的外壁9。所述内管8互相隔开，并且还与外壁9隔开，该外壁9限定出内管8与外壁9之间的隔离空间15。与罐1的隔离空间14类似，隔离空间15处于真空下和/或填充有诸如珍珠岩或蛭石的隔离材料。在一端，管8和外壁9穿过罐室并且在罐室中延伸一段距离。在另一端，所述管的所述共同的外壁9设置有第一连接凸缘11，一波纹管10通过焊接连接到所述第一连接凸缘11。波纹管10在其另一端焊接到罐1的内壳2。内管8直接焊接到罐的内壳2。罐的外壳3设置有用于管的馈通开口，并且沿着该馈通开口的外围设置有从外壳3向外延伸的第二连接凸缘12。第一和第二连接凸缘被排列整齐并且在其间设置有隔离和/或密封构件13。波纹管10以及内管8和外壁9由耐寒材料(优选不锈钢)制成，但是由于使用了环绕通向罐内的管馈通开口的不锈钢保护性波纹管，因此罐1的外壳3的材料可以是碳钢。使用用于外壳的碳钢大大降低了制造成本。
在图4的进一步的实施方式中，示出了围绕罐室4的碳钢制成的附加壳体结构，以提供附加刚度并且便于安装。这还为罐室环境提供了增强的保护。图5的另一实施方式还示出了碳钢制成的附加下壳体结构7，其为管提供了更多的保护。
图6示出了本发明进一步的实施方式。用于顶部连接的管19位于延伸到所述罐的中央的管主干16中。管主干16经由波纹管17通过类似于波纹管10的凸缘结构18连接到罐1的外壳3，所述凸缘结构18包括凸缘11和12以及其间的隔离和/或密封构件13。图6的实施方式也可设置有类似于图4和图5示出的附加壳体结构5和/或7。管19和管主干16也由耐寒材料(优选不锈钢)制成。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于将不锈钢制成的至少一个双壁管连接至液化天然气罐(1)的装置，所述罐具有不锈钢内壳(2)以及与该内壳(2)间隔一距离的外壳(3)，所述内壳和所述外壳之间限定出隔离空间(14)，其中，所述至少一个双壁管包括共同的外壁(9)和至少个一内管(8)，其中所述管的所述外壁(9)经由管道配件(10)连接到所述罐的所述内壳(2)，使得位于所述内壳(2)和所述外壁(9)之间的耐寒材料制成的所述管道配件(10)被配置为补偿所述管的所述外壁(9)和/或所述管道配件(10)的长度由于所述管的所述外壁(9)和所述罐的所述内壳(2)之间的温差而引起的变化，所述管道配件(10)被形成为波纹管状的结构，其特征在于，在所述管的所述外壁(9)的朝向所述罐的所述内壳(2)的端部处配置有第一连接凸缘(11)；在形成于所述罐的所述外壳(3)内的管入口处形成有向外延伸的第二连接凸缘(12)；并且在所述第一连接凸缘(11)和所述第二连接凸缘(12)之间配置有热隔离件和/或密封构件(13)。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，波纹管状的所述管道配件(10)通过焊接连接到所述第一连接凸缘(11)和/或所述管的所述外壁(9)，并且还连接到所述罐的所述内壳(2)。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述管的所述外壁(9)和连接到所述液化天然气罐(1)的罐室(4)在发生液体或压缩气体泄漏的情况下充当覆盖所有相关联的阀和管道的第二屏障。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，用于所述外壁(9)和/或所述管道配件(10)的耐寒材料是不锈钢。
5.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述罐(1)的所述外壳(3)由碳钢制成。
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Application publication date: 20130612