CN109196268B - 储罐装置和航海船舶 - Google Patents

储罐装置和航海船舶 Download PDF

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CN109196268B
CN109196268B CN201680084814.5A CN201680084814A CN109196268B CN 109196268 B CN109196268 B CN 109196268B CN 201680084814 A CN201680084814 A CN 201680084814A CN 109196268 B CN109196268 B CN 109196268B
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S·卡尔森
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Abstract

用于存储液化天然气的储罐装置包括具有气密壳体(6)的多叶储罐(1),其中所述储罐装置包括气密且隔热的隔壁(9a),所述隔壁(9a)布置在所述壳体(6)内,以将所述储罐(1)分成储罐连线空间(8a)和被构造成保持液化天然气的气体存储空间(10),所述储罐连线空间被构造成包封储罐连线和与所述储罐连线相关的阀。

Description

储罐装置和航海船舶
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于存储液化天然气的储罐装置。
背景技术
天然气或者一般地说烃混合物作为内燃发动机的燃料构成了燃料油的有利替代方案,这种混合物具有足够的挥发性而使得它们在室温下以气态形式呈现。在使用天然气作为燃料的航海船舶中,天然气通常以液体形式存储在船上,从而产生了常用的首字母缩写LNG(液化天然气)。通过将天然气的温度保持低于沸点(该沸点近似为-162摄氏度)可以将天然气保持在液体形式下。LNG通常以接近于大气压力的压力存储,但是用于存储LNG的大型储罐需要承受相当高的静水压力和一定过压。为了实现良好的机械强度,LNG储罐通常构造成圆柱形或球形容器。然而,由于实践上的原因,大型LNG储罐有时设计为双叶(bilobe)储罐或多叶(multilobe)储罐,来代替圆柱形储罐。双叶储罐包括两个配合的弯曲半部,例如两个球形帽或两个圆柱形区段。多叶储罐包括结合至彼此的至少三个弯曲区段。这些区段可以部分地为圆柱体或球体。
为了使用LNG作为内燃发动机的能量源,需要与LNG储罐一起使用各种各样的设备。用于将LNG储罐连接至用于处理LNG的设备和与它们相关的阀的储罐连线布置在气密储罐连线空间中。储罐连线空间的作用是防止可能从储罐连线或阀泄漏的气体进入储罐保持器内,储罐位于该储罐保持器中。出于安全原因,储罐连线空间需要利用双壁管连接至LGN储罐。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于存储液化天然气的改进储罐装置。
根据本发明的储罐装置包括具有气密壳体的多叶储罐,其中所述储罐装置包括气密且隔热的隔壁,所述隔壁布置在所述壳体内,以将所述储罐分成储罐连线空间和被构造成保持液化天然气的气体存储空间,所述储罐连线空间被构造成包封储罐连线和与所述储罐连线相关的阀。
在根据本发明的储罐装置中,所述储罐连线空间因而被集成至所述多叶储罐。所述储罐连线空间由所述储罐的气密壳体界定,因而在所述储罐连线空间和所述气体存储空间之间不需要双壁管。所述储罐装置形成了适合于例如在船舶中使用的紧凑结构。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述隔壁包括由耐寒材料制成的至少一个层。所述材料例如可以是不锈钢。至少在暴露于低温的部分中需要使用耐寒材料。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述储罐具有单壳结构,该单壳结构包括由耐寒材料制成的壳体和布置在所述壳体的外表面上的隔热层。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述储罐装置包括用于将第二储罐连线空间与所述气体存储空间分开的第二隔壁。所述第二储罐连线空间可以容纳与另一个储罐连线空间类似的设备。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,储罐连线空间包括用于泵送存储在所述储罐中的气体的至少一个泵。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述储罐包括成形为圆柱体节段的至少三个储罐区段。所述圆柱体的纵向轴线可以是水平的,并且所述储罐区段可以在水平平面中布置成行,并且储罐连线空间可以布置在最外面储罐区段中。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述储罐连线空间由所述储罐区段的端部界定。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述储罐连线空间由相邻储罐区段的圆柱形壁进一步界定。
根据本发明的航海船舶包括如上限定的储罐装置。
附图说明
下面参照附图更详细地描述本发明的实施方式,在图中:
图1示出了包括根据本发明的一个实施方式的储罐装置的船舶的剖视图;
图2示出了图1的储罐装置的俯视图;以及
图3示出了储罐装置的侧视图。
具体实施方式
这些附图示出了布置在船舶2中的LNG储罐1。LNG储罐1为被构造成存储液化天然气的容器。天然气通过将其温度维持在沸点以下而以液体形式保存,该沸点近似为-162摄氏度。LNG储罐1位于储罐保持器3中,该储罐保持器3围绕船舶2的纵向中心线定位。LNG储罐1存储液化气,液化气在船舶2的一个或多个发动机中用作燃料。
LNG具有单壳结构。保持LNG的空间由用耐寒材料制成的壳体6形成。表述“耐寒材料”是指能承受液化天然气的温度的材料。该材料最小设计温度应该至多为-165℃。该材料例如可以是不锈钢。合适的材料例如为9%的镍钢、低锰钢、奥氏体钢(诸如型号304、304L、316、316L、321和347)以及奥氏体Fe-Ni合金(36%镍)。围绕壳体6布置有绝缘层。该绝缘层7例如可以由聚氨酯制成。
LNG储罐1为多叶储罐。表述“多叶储罐”在这里是指包括至少三个储罐区段的储罐,这些储罐区段具有弯曲横截面轮廓并且结合至彼此,使得储罐1的壳体6至少在两侧具有起伏形状。在附图的实施方式中,LNG储罐1包括均具有部分圆柱体形状的五个储罐区段1a、1b、1c、1d、1e。储罐区段1a、1b、1c、1d、1e的纵向中心线彼此平行。最中心储罐区段1c具有通过用两个竖直平面从水平圆柱体切割节段而形成的形状。其它储罐区段1a、1b、1d、1e均具有通过用一个竖直平面从水平圆柱体切割节段而形成的形状。储罐1的区段1a、1b、1c、1d、1e在水平平面上成行布置。最外面储罐区段1a、1e比位于LNG储罐1的中间的三个区段1b、1c、1d短。储罐区段1a、1b、1c、1d、1e的端部被端帽4a、4b、4c、4d、4e、5a、5b、5c、5d、5e封闭。这些端帽可以具有球形帽或球形帽的一部分的形状。
为了将LNG从LNG储罐1输送至船舶2的发动机,并且为了例如通过将气体蒸发而对气体进行处理,船舶2设有不同种类的设备。为了容纳储罐连线以及与它们相关的阀,船舶2包括至少一个储罐连线空间8a、8b。储罐连线空间8a、8b也可以容纳其它设备,诸如用于将液化气蒸发的蒸发器和/或低压泵。例如,储罐连线空间8a、8b可以容纳用于从储罐1排放LNG的泵。储罐连线空间8a、8b形成气密空间。因此,在如果发生LNG泄漏的情况下,储罐连线空间8还被认为是二次屏障。储罐连线空间8a、8b的作用是防止可能从储罐连线或阀泄漏的气体进入储罐保持器3内。
根据本发明,储罐连线空间8a、8b形成在由LNG储罐1的壳体6界定的空间内。这样,形成了紧凑结构,并且储罐连线空间8a、8b和存储液化气的空间之间的管不需要是双壁管。在附图的实施方式中,储罐装置包括第一储罐连线空间8a和第二储罐连线空间8b。该装置包括将储罐1分成气体存储空间10和第一储罐连线空间8a的第一隔壁9a。第二隔壁9b将第二储罐连线空间8b从气体存储空间10分开。隔壁9a、9b是气密并且隔热的。隔壁8a、8b由耐寒材料制成。隔壁8a、8b可以由与储罐1的壳体6相同的材料制成。隔壁9a、9b因而可以由合适的不锈钢制成并且利用聚氨酯绝缘。隔壁9a、9b也可以具有双壁结构,其中两个壳体层之间布置有真空。至少面对气体存储空间10的壳体层由能够承受储罐1的冷温的耐寒材料(如不锈钢)制成。
在附图的实施方式中,储罐连线空间8a、8b布置在储罐1的最外面区段1a、1e中。由于最外面储罐区段1a、1e比其它储罐区段1b、1c、1d略短,并且最外面储罐区段1a、1e在储罐1的纵向方向上不延伸至其它储罐区段1b、1c、1d的位于布置有储罐连线空间8a、8b的那端处的水平,因此在储罐保持器3中有空间使管从储罐连线空间8a、8b突出。每个储罐连线空间8a、8b还包括人孔,所述人孔布置在储罐1的相应区段1a、1e的端帽4a、4e中。
在附图的实施方式中,每个隔壁9a、9b均形成为球形帽,该球形帽布置在距离储罐1的相应区段1a、1e的端帽4a、4e一定距离处。隔壁9a、9b平行于相应储罐区段1a、1e的端部4a、4e。相邻储罐区段1b、1d的圆柱形壁11b、11d结合至球形帽以界定储罐连线空间8a、8b。
本领域技术人员将认识到,本发明不限于以上描述的实施方式,而是可以在所附权利要求书的范围内进行修改。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于存储液化天然气的储罐装置,所述储罐装置包括具有气密壳体(6)的多叶储罐(1),其特征在于,所述储罐装置包括气密且隔热的隔壁(9a),所述隔壁(9a)布置在所述气密壳体(6)内,以将所述储罐(1)分成气密储罐连线空间(8a)和被构造成保持液化天然气的气体存储空间(10),所述储罐连线空间(8a)被构造成包封用于将液化气蒸发的蒸发器和/或低压泵以及储罐连线和与所述储罐连线相关的阀,其中所述储罐连线空间(8a)形成在由用于保持所述液化天然气的所述气密壳体(6)界定的空间内,并且形成气密空间,并且其中,所述气密壳体(6)和所述隔壁(9a)由能承受液化天然气的温度的相同耐寒材料制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的储罐装置,其中,所述隔壁(9a)包括由耐寒材料制成的层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的储罐装置,其中,所述隔壁(9a)包括由不锈钢制成的层。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的储罐装置,其中,所述储罐(1)具有单壳结构,所述单壳结构包括由耐寒材料制成的气密 壳体(6)和布置在所述气密 壳体(6)的外表面上的隔热层(7)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的储罐装置,其中,所述储罐装置包括用于将第二储罐连线空间(8b)与所述气体存储空间(10)分开的第二隔壁(9b)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的储罐装置,其中,所述储罐连线空间(8a)包括用于泵送存储在所述储罐(1)中的气体的至少一个泵。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的储罐装置,其中,所述储罐(1)包括成形为圆柱体节段的至少三个储罐区段(1a,1b,1c,1d,1e)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的储罐装置,其中,所述圆柱体的纵向轴线是水平的,并且所述储罐区段(1a,1b,1c,1d,1e)在水平平面中布置成行,并且所述储罐连线空间(8a)布置在最外面储罐区段(1a,1e)中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的储罐装置,其中,所述储罐连线空间(8a)由所述储罐区段(1a,1e)的端部(4a,4e)界定。
10.根据权利要求9所述的储罐装置,其中,所述储罐连线空间(8a)由相邻储罐区段(1b,1d)的圆柱形壁(11b,11d)进一步界定。
11.一种航海船舶(2),该航海船舶(2)包括根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的储罐装置。
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