CN103146960A - Solid aluminum alloy conductor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solid aluminum alloy conductor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a solid aluminum alloy conductor and a preparation method thereof. The solid aluminum alloy conductor contains by weigh 0.40-1.00% of iron, 0.05-0.20% of copper, 0.05-0.10% of silicon, 0.02-0.12% of zinc, 0.01-0.05% of magnesium, 0.02-0.12% of rare earth element and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities. The method comprises steps of: completely melting an aluminum ingot; adding a magnesium ingot with a special tool; after melting, sequentially adding manganese aluminum alloy, zinc aluminum alloy, copper aluminum alloy, iron aluminum alloy, silicon aluminum alloy and rare earth aluminum alloy of different weights; fully mixing, refining and conducting ladle analysis; after qualification of all components, casting and rolling into a required aluminum alloy rod; conducting aging treatment; extruding the required solid core conductor according to the requirements; conducting special heat treatment to reach corresponding performance indicators, so as to meet the need to substitute a traditional copper core electrical wire of electrical wire materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technology field of electrician trade, be specifically related to real core aluminium alloy conductor of a kind of alternative traditional copper core cable and line and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy conductor nineteen twenty-one begins for aerial line, because its intensity is high, lightweight, and conductivity (aluminium alloy of various different brands has different performance characteristics) is preferably arranged, and is widely used and obtains good economical effectiveness.The aluminium alloy conductor production of China is through the reform of several secondary devices, technique, and product performance have also reached the standard-requireds such as IEC, JEC, and is used for aerial line.Yet for various reasons, at present in China's electric line, the usage quantity of aluminium alloy conductor only accounts for 7% left and right, and aluminium alloy conductor becomes the main line kind of transmitting line already in the world.Wherein, France uses the most general, and they use aluminium alloy stranded conductor in the plains region, use steel core aluminum alloy stranded wire in the mountain area, have almost all replaced at present Aluminium Cable Steel Reinforced.In Japan, heat-resisting aluminium alloy is used in a large number as the principal item of cond aluminium, and the heat-resisting aluminium alloy series wire that Japanese six large Utilities Electric Co.s use accounts for the built on stilts electric line of Japan and uses wire more than 70%.
In recent years, flourish along with China's power industry, to aluminium alloy conductor have advantages of, economical effectiveness had darker understanding.Electric line has been powerful ascendant trend with aluminium alloy conductor, although the present aluminium alloy conductor output of China is little, existing many aluminium alloy conductor products are sold to the states such as Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Pakistan, India, Australia.Closely know, also have a mind to from China's Imported Aluminium alloy lead wire in Belgium, South Korea, and a considerable number of, and domestic North China Old City electric network reconstruction, Three Gorges Projects all are badly in need of the aluminium alloy conductor of a large amount of different brands.Therefore, the aluminium alloy conductor of high quality, reasonable price will become in electric line from now on the inevitable product with line.
Because aluminium is soft than copper, therefore the aluminium alloy conductor of copper conductor except the property indices that reaches required conductor, also must possess certain intensity and elongation as an alternative, also will have certain creep property, and resistance of oxidation is strong.Chinese patent application CN102119233A is bright provides a kind of aluminium alloy, aluminum alloy line, aluminium alloy twisted wire, covered electric cable and bunch with high tenacity and high conductivity, and a kind of method of making aluminum alloy line.Described aluminum alloy line comprises: more than or equal to 0.005 quality % and be less than or equal to the Fe of 2.2 quality %, and surplus is Al and impurity.This aluminum alloy line can also comprise total amount more than or equal to 0.005 quality % and be less than or equal at least a interpolation element in Mg, Si, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Ag, Cr and Zr of being selected from of 1.0 quality %.The electric conductivity of described aluminum alloy line is not less than 58% IACS, and elongation is not less than 10%.Described aluminum alloy line is to make by casting, rolling, wire drawing and softening these continuous steps of processing.Soften and process to provide excellent toughness (for example, elongation and shock-resistance), thereby make when bunch is installed, electric wire is alleviated in the crack conditions of portion of terminal vicinity.This aluminium alloy toughness is better, but because of the internal structure problem of aluminium conductor, causes antioxidant property poor.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of real core aluminium alloy conductor of energy instead of copper wire is provided, and it has good conductivity, have again intensity and elongation preferably, and antioxidant property is strong.
For solving above technical problem, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of real core aluminium alloy conductor, it is characterized in that in its composition that by weight content very contains the iron of 0.40-1.00%, the copper of 0.05-0.20%, the silicon of 0.05-0.10%, the zinc of 0.02-0.12%, the magnesium of 0.01-0.05%, the rare earth element of 0.02-0.12%, all the other are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
In a concrete embodiment, described rare earth element comprises cerium and lanthanum, and the content of described rare-earth element cerium is 0.009-0.09%, and the content of lanthanum is 0.05-0.08%.
One preferred embodiment in, in the composition of described real core aluminium alloy conductor by weight very content contain the iron of 0.50-0.80%, the copper of 0.06-0.15%, the silicon of 0.06-0.09%, the zinc of 0.03-0.10%, the magnesium of 0.02-0.04%, the rare earth element of 0.03-0.10%, all the other are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
The preparation method of above-mentioned real core aluminium alloy conductor is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) melting, casting and rolling
A) aluminium alloy melting furnace is warming up to 780 ℃ and more than, stop heating, aluminium ingot is added rapidly in aluminium alloy melting furnace, then close fire door intensification on fire again; When aluminium ingot all melts and is warmed up to 820 ℃ and when above, successively add the magnesium ingot of certainweight composition, ferro-aluminium, X alloy, aluminium zinc, silumin in aluminium alloy melting furnace with special tool after stopped heating, after all melting, add successively rare earth aluminium alloy, start the abundant stirring that permanent magnetism blender carried out 5 minutes to 10 minutes after the rare earth aluminium alloy fusing;
B) stirring the high pure nitrogen that finishes with 99.99% passes into innocuous refining flux and deslagging agent in the aluminium liquid of aluminum alloy smelting furnace together, ventilated about 1 minute, guarantee refining agent and deslagging agent can be led to any position of aluminium liquid, take the bottom as best, then the aluminium slag on aluminium liquid is clawed, standing 20 minutes of aluminium liquid, during sampling carry out rapid on-the-spot sample analysis;
C) analyze composition qualified after, begin to put aluminium liquid cast rolling, 700-730 ℃ of casting ladle temperature, the pressure of casting machine water coolant is more than 2 kilograms, and cold cold larger than outer in wanting, after casting aluminium alloy cast bar temperature enter milling train front 500 ℃ and more than, the emulsion temperature is no more than 45 ℃; Aluminium alloy rod goes out to carry out after milling train suitable coolingly, and adds No. 3 calcium greases and is lubricated, and guarantees that aluminium alloy rod throws away in the pipeline of pole-climbing smoothly;
2) timeliness and extruding
A) aluminium alloy rod is put into aging oven and be warming up to 150 ℃ of insulations 12 hours, then naturally place after seven days and can use, and detect, detect the test of resistivity, intensity and elongation;
B) push with extrusion machine according to the sectional area of the required conductor aluminium alloy rod with different radicals, obtain required sectional area;
3) special thermal treatment
The insulation that the conductor of the different cross-sectional that obtains carried out in 300-380 ℃ 3-6 hour according to different specifications is processed, Deng detection conductor resistance rate, intensity and elongation rate test after naturally cooling, guarantee to change just now extrusion molding in acceptability limit, insulate, stranding and the production process of protecting outward.
In a concrete embodiment, a) operation of described step 1) adopts aluminum content 99.70% and above aluminium ingot and magnesium content 99.995% and above magnesium ingot.
According to real core aluminium alloy conductor of the present invention and preparation method thereof, described real core can carry out according to the sectional area of different cables the specification of required aluminium alloy rod and design and the timeliness of performance, and aluminium alloy rod is pushed and thermal treatment, make it reach required cross-sectional area of conductor and required electric and mechanical property.
According to real core aluminium alloy conductor of the present invention and preparation method thereof, the ferro element that adds, copper and zinc element can increase intensity and the elongation of aluminium alloy conductor, and have improved the creep property of conductor; The rare earth element that adds can improve the internal structure of aluminium conductor, has improved resistance of oxidation; The magnesium elements that adds and element silicon can increase the intensity of aluminium alloy conductor.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is done further expansion explanation, but it is pointed out that invention of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment, the scope that these embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way.Some change that those skilled in the art has done within the scope of the claims and adjust also should be thought and belongs to scope of the present invention.
A kind of real core aluminium alloy conductor very contains the iron of 0.40-1.00%, the copper of 0.05-0.20% by weight in its composition of content, the silicon of 0.05-0.10%, the zinc of 0.02-0.12%, the magnesium of 0.01-0.05%, the rare earth element of 0.02-0.12%, all the other are aluminium and inevitable impurity.Described rare earth element comprises cerium and lanthanum, and the content of cerium is 0.009-0.09%; The content of lanthanum is 0.05-0.08%, and this element can improve the internal structure of aluminium conductor, has improved resistance of oxidation.Described inevitable impurity comprises Ni, Mn, Ag, Cr, V, Ti, B, Sr and/or Zr, but is not limited to this.Preferably, in the composition of described real core aluminium alloy conductor by weight very content contain the iron of 0.50-0.80%, the copper of 0.06-0.15%, the silicon of 0.06-0.09%, the zinc of 0.03-0.10%, the magnesium of 0.02-0.04%, the rare earth element of 0.03-0.10%, all the other are aluminium and inevitable impurity.By adding rare-earth element cerium and lanthanum to improve the internal structure of aluminium conductor, improve the resistance of oxidation of real core aluminium alloy conductor, simultaneously, increase intensity and the elongation of aluminium alloy conductor by adding ferro element, copper and zinc element, and improve the creep property of conductor; Add magnesium elements and element silicon to increase the intensity of aluminium alloy conductor, make real core aluminium alloy conductor reach the property indices of required conductor.
The preparation method of described real core aluminium alloy conductor comprises the following steps:
1) melting, casting and rolling
A) aluminium alloy melting furnace is warming up to 780 ℃ and more than, stop heating, aluminum content 99.70% and more than aluminium ingot add rapidly in aluminium alloy melting furnace, then close fire door intensification on fire again; When aluminium ingot all melts and is warmed up to 820 ℃ and when above, successively add the magnesium content 99.995% of certainweight composition and above magnesium ingot, ferro-aluminium, X alloy, aluminium zinc, silumin in aluminium alloy melting furnace with special tool after stopped heating, after all melting, add successively boron aluminium alloy and rare earth aluminium alloy, start the abundant stirring that permanent magnetism blender carried out 5 minutes to 10 minutes after boron aluminium alloy and rare earth aluminium alloy fusing;
B) stirring the high pure nitrogen that finishes with 99.99% passes into innocuous refining flux and deslagging agent in the aluminium liquid of aluminum alloy smelting furnace together, ventilated about 1 minute, guarantee refining agent and deslagging agent can be led to any position of aluminium liquid, take the bottom as best, then the aluminium slag on aluminium liquid is clawed, standing 20 minutes of aluminium liquid, during sampling carry out rapid on-the-spot sample analysis;
C) analyze composition qualified after, begin to put aluminium liquid cast rolling, 700-730 ℃ of casting ladle temperature, the pressure of casting machine water coolant is more than 2 kilograms, and cold cold larger than outer in wanting, after casting aluminium alloy cast bar temperature enter milling train front 500 ℃ and more than, the emulsion temperature is no more than 45 ℃; Aluminium alloy rod goes out to carry out after milling train suitable coolingly, and adds No. 3 calcium greases and is lubricated, and guarantees that aluminium alloy rod throws away in the pipeline of pole-climbing smoothly;
2) timeliness and extruding
A) aluminium alloy rod is put into aging oven and be warming up to 150 ℃ of insulations 12 hours, then naturally place after seven days and can use, and detect, detect the test of resistivity, intensity and elongation;
B) push with extrusion machine according to the sectional area of the required conductor aluminium alloy rod with different radicals, obtain required sectional area;
3) special thermal treatment
The insulation that the conductor of the different cross-sectional that obtains carried out in 300-380 ℃ 3-6 hour according to different specifications is processed, Deng detection conductor resistance rate, intensity and elongation rate test after naturally cooling, guarantee to change just now extrusion molding in acceptability limit, insulate, stranding and the production process of protecting outward.
The below will further describe the present invention by embodiment, but be not for limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1
According to aforementioned detailed method, first add the aluminium ingot of two tons, magnesium ingot and corresponding aluminium alloy are pressed 0.40% iron, 0.05% copper, 0.05% silicon, 0.02% zinc, 0.01% magnesium, the minimum ratio of 0.02% rare earth element is added, and carries out melting, casting, rolling, timeliness, extruding, thermal treatment.Corresponding state of the art is by the front design, and the design data that obtains is at aluminium alloy rod intensity 123MPa, the elongation 12% of aluminium alloy rod 9.50 ㎜, and resistivity is 0.02865 ohm. every meter of square millimeter.Aluminium alloy rod is squeezed into the conductor of 25 square millimeters, puts into annealing furnace, be warming up to 320 ℃ of insulations 4 hours.Etc. cooling rear detection, 1.18 ohm of every kms of conductor resistance, intensity 90MPa, elongation 29%.
Embodiment 2
According to aforementioned detailed method, add the aluminium ingot of two tons, magnesium ingot and corresponding aluminum alloy ingot are by the copper of 1.00% iron 0.20%, 0.10% silicon, 0.12% zinc, 0.05% magnesium, adding the most at high proportion of 0.12% rare earth element carries out melting, casting, rolling, timeliness extruding thermal treatment.By the time testing data is aluminium alloy rod 9.50 ㎜, every meter of the intensity 135MPa of aluminium alloy rod, elongation 9%, 0.02884 ohm of square millimeter of resistivity.Aluminium alloy rod is squeezed into the conductor of 150 square millimeters, puts into annealing furnace, heat up 380 ℃, be incubated 6 hours.Cooling rear detection, 0.200 ohm of every km of conductor resistance, intensity 93MPa, elongation 25%.
Although above the specific embodiment of the present invention has been given to describe in detail and explanation; but what should indicate is; we can carry out various equivalences to above-mentioned embodiment according to conception of the present invention and change and revise; when its function that produces does not exceed spiritual that specification sheets contains yet, all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. real core aluminium alloy conductor, it is characterized in that in its composition that by weight content very contains the iron of 0.40-1.00%, the copper of 0.05-0.20%, the silicon of 0.05-0.10%, the zinc of 0.02-0.12%, the magnesium of 0.01-0.05%, the rare earth element of 0.02-0.12%, all the other are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
2.. real core aluminium alloy conductor according to claim 1 is characterized in that described rare earth element comprises cerium and lanthanum.
3. real core aluminium alloy conductor according to claim 2, the content that it is characterized in that described rare-earth element cerium is 0.009-0.09%, the content of lanthanum is 0.05-0.08%.
4. real core aluminium alloy conductor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in its composition that by weight content very contains the iron of 0.50-0.80%, the copper of 0.06-0.15%, the silicon of 0.06-0.09%, the zinc of 0.03-0.10%, the magnesium of 0.02-0.04%, the rare earth element of 0.03-0.10%, all the other are aluminium and inevitable impurity.
5. the preparation method of real core aluminium alloy conductor claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) melting, casting and rolling
A) aluminium alloy melting furnace is warming up to 780 ℃ and more than, stop heating, aluminium ingot is added rapidly in aluminium alloy melting furnace, then close fire door intensification on fire again; When aluminium ingot all melts and is warmed up to 820 ℃ and when above, successively add the magnesium ingot of certainweight composition, ferro-aluminium, X alloy, aluminium zinc, silumin in aluminium alloy melting furnace with special tool after stopped heating, after all melting, add successively rare earth aluminium alloy, start the abundant stirring that permanent magnetism blender carried out 5 minutes to 10 minutes after the rare earth aluminium alloy fusing;
B) stirring the high pure nitrogen that finishes with 99.99% passes into innocuous refining flux and deslagging agent in the aluminium liquid of aluminum alloy smelting furnace together, ventilated about 1 minute, guarantee refining agent and deslagging agent can be led to any position of aluminium liquid, take the bottom as best, then the aluminium slag on aluminium liquid is clawed, standing 20 minutes of aluminium liquid, during sampling carry out rapid on-the-spot sample analysis;
C) analyze composition qualified after, begin to put aluminium liquid cast rolling, 700-730 ℃ of casting ladle temperature, the pressure of casting machine water coolant is more than 2 kilograms, and cold cold larger than outer in wanting, after casting aluminium alloy cast bar temperature enter milling train front 500 ℃ and more than, the emulsion temperature is no more than 45 ℃; Aluminium alloy rod goes out to carry out after milling train suitable coolingly, and adds No. 3 calcium greases and is lubricated, and guarantees that aluminium alloy rod throws away in the pipeline of pole-climbing smoothly;
2) timeliness and extruding
A) aluminium alloy rod is put into aging oven and be warming up to 150 ℃ of insulations 12 hours, then naturally place after seven days and can use, and detect, detect the test of resistivity, intensity and elongation;
B) push with extrusion machine according to the sectional area of the required conductor aluminium alloy rod with different radicals, obtain required sectional area;
3) special thermal treatment
The insulation that the conductor of the different cross-sectional that obtains carried out in 300-380 ℃ 3-6 hour according to different specifications is processed, Deng detection conductor resistance rate, intensity and elongation rate test after naturally cooling, guarantee to change just now extrusion molding in acceptability limit, insulate, stranding and the production process of protecting outward.
6. the preparation method of real core aluminium alloy conductor according to claim 5, is characterized in that a) operation of described step 1) adopts aluminum content 99.70% and above aluminium ingot and magnesium content 99.995% and above magnesium ingot.
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