CN101914708B - Al-Fe-Cu alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Al-Fe-Cu alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN101914708B
CN101914708B CN 201010264144 CN201010264144A CN101914708B CN 101914708 B CN101914708 B CN 101914708B CN 201010264144 CN201010264144 CN 201010264144 CN 201010264144 A CN201010264144 A CN 201010264144A CN 101914708 B CN101914708 B CN 101914708B
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duraluminum
alloy
boron
rare earth
temperature
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CN101914708A (en
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萨意达·尼卡因
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ANHUI HUIER ELECTRIC CO LTD
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ANHUI HUIER ELECTRIC CO LTD
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Abstract

The invention particularly relates to an Al-Fe-Cu alloy material and a preparation method thereof. The Al-Fe-Cu alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.20-1.30 wt% of Fe, 0.01-0.08 wt% of Cu, 0.06-0.15 wt% of Si, 0.02-0.10 wt% of rare-earth element and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities. The aluminum alloy is prepared by casting and semi-annealing raw materials. When the aluminum alloy is prepared, the alloy material is semi-annealed, and thus, the adverse effects of stress on a conductor structure in the process of drawing and twisting are reduced, the electric conductivity reaches and even exceeds 61% of IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) (the electric conductivity standard of an aluminum conductor for a general electrician is 61% of IACS), and the performances of elongation and the flexibility of the aluminum alloy are improved greatly by annealing. The performances of the elongation of a cable made of the aluminum alloy wire can reach 30%, the flexibility is 25% higher than that of a copper cable, and the resistivity maintains in a lower level.

Description

A kind of Al-Fe-Cu alloy material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric wire and cable material field, be specifically related to a kind of Al-Fe-Cu alloy material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
For aluminium alloy conductor; It is vital that two big quality index are arranged: first resistivity; The size of resistivity directly has influence on the conductive effect of aluminium alloy conductor, and resistivity is mainly determined by raw-material chemical ingredients, particularly in duraluminum; If increase other impurity elements such as copper, iron, will make the conductive effect variation of electric wire; It two is mechanical properties, common electrician's aluminium during as conductor unit elongation, snappiness and the creep-resistant property of electric wire all relatively poor, and stability safe in utilization is low.From the above, aluminum alloy materials of the prior art is difficult to adapt to the development of electric wire.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Al-Fe-Cu alloy material, the electric wire when adopting aluminum alloy line among the present invention as conductor has mechanical property preferably, superior conductivity, safe in utilization and stable height.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The present invention has adopted following technical scheme: a kind of Al-Fe-Cu alloy material, and content by weight percentage, it comprises following component: 0.20~1.30% iron; 0.01~0.08% copper; 0.06~0.15% silicon, 0.02~0.10% REE, surplus is aluminium and unavoidable impurities.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of Al-Fe-Cu alloy material, comprises the steps:
1) founding
In smelting furnace, add the aluminium of 91~97 weight parts, the ferroaluminium of 1.0~4.5 weight parts and the aluminum-copper alloy of 0.05~0.30 weight part, be heated to 720~780 ℃ of fusings; Add the boron duraluminum and the stirring of the rare earth aluminium alloy and 0.25~0.55 weight part of 1~2 weight part again; Add the powder refining agent refining 5~10 minutes of 0.04~0.06 weight part subsequently; Leave standstill insulation then after 20~30 minutes, cast;
2) half anneal
Casting gained duraluminum body is incubated 3~8 hours down at 260~400 ℃, takes out then and naturally cools to envrionment temperature.
The aluminum alloy line of gained of the present invention is that novel Al-Fe-Cu is an alloy material, has following advantage:
1) iron content is controlled between 0.20~1.30% among the present invention, can improve the intensity of duraluminum, has also improved the creep resistance and the thermostability of duraluminum simultaneously, and the common relatively electrician of creep resistance improves 300% with aluminium; And iron can also make the toughness of duraluminum strengthen, and guaranteed that the press coefficient of duraluminum in pressing strand system process reaches higher level.
2) content of copper is controlled between 0.01~0.08% among the present invention, can improve the tensile strength of duraluminum, improves elongation simultaneously, is easy to draw processing.
3) content of silicon is controlled between the 0.06-0.15% among the present invention, has guaranteed the enhancement of a certain amount of silicon to intensity of aluminum alloy.
4) REE among the present invention can reduce the content of silicon in the aluminium sosoloid; Thereby iron, especially silicon are decreased to low-down level to the influence of duraluminum electric conductivity; The adding of REE has simultaneously also improved crystalline weave construction in the aluminum alloy materials; Improve the use characteristics of duraluminum, helped the processing treatment of duraluminum.
5) REE among the present invention is main with cerium and lanthanum, realization 4 that can be good) in performance.
6) boron among the present invention can react with impurity elements such as Ti, V, Mn, Cr, got rid of by deposition behind the formation compound, thereby impurity elements such as reduction Ti, V, Mn, Cr helps improving the electric conductivity of duraluminum to the influence of duraluminum electric conductivity.
7) preparation Al-Fe-Cu is that alloy material has carried out half anneal to aluminum alloy line among the present invention; Improved in drawing, the strand system process stress to the disadvantageous effect of conductor weave construction; Make electric conductivity meet or exceed 61%IACS (common electrician is 61%IACS with the electric conductivity standard of aluminium conductor); Anneal can improve the unit elongation and the snappiness of duraluminum greatly and reduce conductor resistance simultaneously; The unit elongation of the cable that duraluminum of the present invention is processed reaches 30%, and snappiness is higher by 25% than copper cable, and resistivity remains on lower level.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One, founding
1, batching
The aluminium ingot of 6348kg (0.04%Si content, 0.08%Fe content), 72kg ferroaluminium (22%Fe content), 7Kg aluminum-copper alloy (50%Cu content), 67kg rare earth aluminium alloy (10% content of rare earth), 21kg boron duraluminum (3.5%B content), 9kg refining agent (NaClKClNa 3AlF 6ZnCl 2).
2, feed way
Ferroaluminium, aluminum-copper alloy evenly add from cupola furnace with the aluminium ingot collocation in batches when reinforced, and be even as much as possible to guarantee composition.
3, heat preservation method
Temperature is controlled at 720~750 ℃ when flowing into holding furnace by the duraluminum liquid that obtains after aluminium ingot, ferroaluminium and the aluminum-copper alloy fusing; Temperature should be promoted to 750~780 ℃ when in aforementioned aluminum alloy melt body, adding rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum, and this moment, elevated temperature helped the fusion of rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum, thereby had improved the treatment effect of rare earth and boron.
4, rare earth is handled and the boronation processing
4.1 being full of a half, holding furnace duraluminum liquid adds 20kg rare earth aluminium alloy and 6.3kg boron duraluminum.
4.2 being full of the back, holding furnace duraluminum liquid adds all the other 47kg rare earth aluminium alloys and 14.7kg boron duraluminum.
Adding rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum are in order rare earth and boron to be played one's part to the full, to improve its action effect in different time sections.
4.3 the position that rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum add distributes in holding furnace uniformly.
5, refining (slagging-off, degasification, stir, skim)
5.1 for the composition that guarantees whole stove duraluminum liquid is evenly distributed, reply duraluminum liquid stirs, and is stirred to the corner of stove.
5.2 after duraluminum liquid is full of stove, through pipeline by the powder refining agent (NaClKClNa of high-purity nitrogen with 9kg 3AlF 6ZnCl 2) be blown into duraluminum liquid bottom, being blown into mouth should move in the bottom of duraluminum liquid, and gas and slag inclusion thing are floated along the surface of duraluminum liquid equably, and the time is 5~10 minutes.Outside the aluminum oxide slag of come-up should all be taken off and come out of the stove, to reduce the new impurity that refining agent is introduced as far as possible.
6, both analysis and leave standstill insulation
Duraluminum liquid after skimming analyze to confirm Fe, Cu through " stokehold sample ", when Si content meets the requirements, time of repose 20~30 minutes.
7, casting and rolling process control
7.1 temperature control
7.1.1 water the alclad water temp: 700~730 ℃
7.1.2 go into to roll temperature: 460~490 ℃
7.1.3 finishing temperature: 300 ℃
7.1.4 rolling emulsion temperature: 50 ℃
7.2 the control of casting water coolant
Temperature of cooling water is 25~30 ℃, and pressure is 0.3MPa.
7.3 casting machine voltage: 70~90V
7.4 rolling mill speed: 7.5~8.5m/s; The pressure of rolling emulsion is 0.16MPa.
Two, half annealing process
Be positioned in the lehre after the aluminium alloy rod that is rolled into by aluminum alloy materials is made by the pull into line,, take out then and naturally cool to envrionment temperature in 280 ℃~400 ℃ insulations 8 hours down.
Thus obtained aluminum alloy materials according to weight percentage, comprises following component: Fe0.20%, Cu0.01%, Si0.06%, REE 0.02%, Al99%, and all the other are impurity.
The performance of this instance high-elongation aluminum alloy material is: qualified, the relative electrician of creep resistance of partial discharge test improves 310% with aluminium after tensile strength 126Mpa, unit elongation 30%, electric conductivity 63.0%IACS, the 6 times of bending radius.
Embodiment 2
One, founding
1, batching
The aluminium ingot of 8466kg (0.06%Si content, 0.10%Fe content), 265.2kg ferroaluminium (19%Fe content), 10Kg aluminum-copper alloy (49.5%Cu content), 88kg rare earth aluminium alloy (10% content of rare earth), 29.4kg boron duraluminum (3.5%B content), 11kg refining agent (NaClKClNa 3AlF 6ZnCl 2).
2, feed way
Ferroaluminium, aluminum-copper alloy evenly add from cupola furnace with the aluminium ingot collocation in batches when reinforced, and be even as much as possible to guarantee composition.
3, heat preservation method
Temperature is controlled at 720~750 ℃ when flowing into holding furnace by the duraluminum liquid that obtains after aluminium ingot, ferroaluminium and the aluminum-copper alloy fusing; Temperature should be promoted to 750~780 ℃ when in aforementioned aluminum alloy melt body, adding rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum, and this moment, elevated temperature helped the fusion of rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum, thereby had improved the treatment effect of rare earth and boron.
4, rare earth is handled and the boronation processing
4.1 being full of a half, holding furnace duraluminum liquid adds 29kg rare earth aluminium alloy and 9.7kg boron duraluminum.
4.2 being full of the back, holding furnace duraluminum liquid adds all the other 59kg rare earth aluminium alloys and 19.7kg boron duraluminum.
Adding rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum are in order rare earth and boron to be played one's part to the full, to improve its action effect in different time sections.
4.3 the position that rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum add distributes in holding furnace uniformly.
5, refining (slagging-off, degasification, stir, skim)
5.1 for the composition that guarantees whole stove duraluminum liquid is evenly distributed, reply duraluminum liquid stirs, and is stirred to the corner of stove.
5.2 after duraluminum liquid is full of stove, through pipeline by the powder refining agent (NaClKClNa of high-purity nitrogen with 11kg 3AlF 6ZnCl 2) be blown into duraluminum liquid bottom, being blown into mouth should move in the bottom of duraluminum liquid, and gas and slag inclusion thing are floated along the surface of duraluminum liquid equably, and the time is 5~10 minutes.Outside the aluminum oxide slag of come-up should all be taken off and come out of the stove, to reduce the new impurity that refining agent is introduced as far as possible.
6, both analysis and leave standstill insulation
Duraluminum liquid after skimming analyze to confirm Fe, Cu through " stokehold sample ", when Si content meets the requirements, time of repose 20~30 minutes.
7, casting and rolling process control
7.1 temperature control
7.1.1 water the alclad water temp: 700~730 ℃
7.1.2 go into to roll temperature: 460~490 ℃
7.1.3 finishing temperature: 300 ℃
7.1.4 rolling emulsion temperature: 50 ℃
7.2 the control of casting water coolant
Temperature of cooling water is 25~30 ℃, and pressure is 0.3MPa.
7.3 casting machine voltage: 70~90V
7.4 rolling mill speed: 7.5~8.5m/s; The pressure of rolling emulsion is 0.16MPa.
Two, half annealing process
Be positioned in the lehre after the aluminium alloy rod that is rolled into by aluminum alloy materials is made by the pull into line,, take out then and naturally cool to envrionment temperature in 280 ℃~400 ℃ insulations 8 hours down.
Thus obtained aluminum alloy materials according to weight percentage, comprises following component: Fe0.50%, Cu0.05%, Si0.10%, REE 0.06%, Al99%, and all the other are impurity.
The high conduction of this instance, high-elongation, high-flexibility and high creep resistance can the performance of aluminum alloy materials be: qualified, the relative electrician's aluminium of creep resistance of partial discharge test improves 330% after tensile strength 112Mpa, unit elongation 30%, electric conductivity 61.0%IACS, the 7 times of bending radius.
Embodiment 3
One, founding
1, batching
The aluminium ingot of 6020kg (0.10%Si content, 0.13%Fe content), 420kg ferroaluminium (21%Fe content), 15Kg aluminum-copper alloy (51%Cu content), 100.5kg rare earth aluminium alloy (9.8% content of rare earth), 25kg boron duraluminum (3.5%B content), 10kg refining agent (NaClKClNa 3AlF 6ZnCl 2).
2, feed way
Ferroaluminium, aluminum-copper alloy evenly add from cupola furnace with the aluminium ingot collocation in batches when reinforced, and be even as much as possible to guarantee composition.
3, heat preservation method
Temperature is controlled at 720~750 ℃ when flowing into holding furnace by the duraluminum liquid that obtains after aluminium ingot, ferroaluminium and the aluminum-copper alloy fusing; Temperature should be promoted to 750~780 ℃ when in aforementioned aluminum alloy melt body, adding rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum, and this moment, elevated temperature helped the fusion of rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum, thereby had improved the treatment effect of rare earth and boron.
4, rare earth is handled and the boronation processing
4.1 being full of a half, holding furnace duraluminum liquid adds 33.5kg rare earth aluminium alloy and 8.3kg boron duraluminum.
4.2 being full of the back, holding furnace duraluminum liquid adds all the other 67kg rare earth aluminium alloys and 16.7kg boron duraluminum.
Adding rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum are in order rare earth and boron to be played one's part to the full, to improve its action effect in different time sections.
4.3 the position that rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum add distributes in holding furnace uniformly.
5, refining (slagging-off, degasification, stir, skim)
5.1 in order to guarantee the distributed components of whole stove duraluminum liquid, reply duraluminum liquid stirs, and is stirred to the corner of stove.
5.2 after duraluminum liquid is full of stove, through pipeline by the powder refining agent (NaClKClNa of high-purity nitrogen with 11kg 3AlF 6ZnCl 2) be blown into duraluminum liquid bottom, being blown into mouth should move in the bottom of duraluminum liquid, and gas and slag inclusion thing are floated along the surface of duraluminum liquid equably, and the time is 5~10 minutes.Outside the aluminum oxide slag of come-up should all be taken off and come out of the stove, to reduce the new impurity that refining agent is introduced as far as possible.
6, both analysis and leave standstill insulation
Duraluminum liquid after skimming analyze to confirm Fe, Cu through " stokehold sample ", when Si content meets the requirements, time of repose 20~30 minutes.
7, casting and rolling process control
7.1 temperature control
7.1.1 water the alclad water temp: 700~730 ℃
7.1.2 go into to roll temperature: 460~490 ℃
7.1.3 finishing temperature: 300 ℃
7.1.4 rolling emulsion temperature: 50 ℃
7.2 the control of casting water coolant
Temperature of cooling water is 25~30 ℃, and pressure is 0.3MPa.
7.3 casting machine voltage: 70~90V
7.4 rolling mill speed: 7.5~8.5m/s; The pressure of rolling emulsion is 0.16MPa.
Two, half annealing process
Be positioned in the lehre after the aluminium alloy rod that is rolled into by aluminum alloy materials is made by the pull into line,, take out then and naturally cool to envrionment temperature in 280 ℃~400 ℃ insulations 8 hours down.
Thus obtained aluminum alloy materials according to weight percentage, comprises following component: Fe1.30%, Cu0.08%, Si0.15%, REE 0.10%, Al99%, and all the other are impurity.
The high conduction of this instance, high-elongation, high-flexibility and high creep resistance can the performance of aluminum alloy materials be: qualified, the relative electrician's aluminium of creep resistance of partial discharge test improves 330% after tensile strength 112Mpa, unit elongation 30%, electric conductivity 61.0%IACS, the 7 times of bending radius.

Claims (5)

1. a method for preparing the Al-Fe-Cu alloy material is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) founding
In smelting furnace, add the aluminium of 91~97 weight parts, the ferroaluminium of 1.0~4.5 weight parts and the aluminum-copper alloy of 0.05~0.30 weight part, be heated to 720~780 ℃ of fusings; Add the boron duraluminum and the stirring of the rare earth aluminium alloy and 0.25~0.55 weight part of 1~2 weight part again; Add the powder refining agent refining 5~10 minutes of 0.04~0.06 weight part subsequently; Leave standstill insulation then after 20~30 minutes, cast;
2) half anneal
Casting gained duraluminum body is incubated 3~8 hours down at 260~400 ℃, takes out then and naturally cools to envrionment temperature;
The content of iron is 18~22% in the described ferroaluminium, and the content of copper is 48~52% in the described aluminum-copper alloy, and the content of boron is 2.5~3.5% in the boron duraluminum, and the content of rare earth aluminium alloy middle-weight rare earths is 9~10%; REE is lanthanum and cerium.
2. the method for preparing the Al-Fe-Cu alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the duraluminum liquid that obtains after described aluminium, ferroaluminium and the aluminum-copper alloy fusing flows into holding furnace, and this moment, temperature was 720~750 ℃; When in holding furnace, adding rare earth aluminium alloy and boron duraluminum, temperature increase to 750~780 ℃.
3. the method for preparing the Al-Fe-Cu alloy material according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: the volume of the duraluminum liquid in the described inflow holding furnace adds the rare earth aluminium alloy of 1/3rd weight and the boron duraluminum of 1/3rd weight for a half of its duraluminum liquid cubic capacity, after described duraluminum liquid all flows in the holding furnace, adds remaining rare earth aluminium alloy and remaining boron duraluminum.
4. the method for preparing the Al-Fe-Cu alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described powder refining agent is Na 3AlF 6, KCl, NaCl and ZnCl 2The mixture of forming.
5. the method for preparing the Al-Fe-Cu alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: during casting, watering the alclad water temp is 700~730 ℃, and going into to roll temperature is 460~490 ℃, and finishing temperature is 300 ℃, and the temperature of rolling emulsion is 50 ℃.
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