CN103140547B - 用于热塑性聚合物的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物 - Google Patents
用于热塑性聚合物的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103140547B CN103140547B CN201180027501.3A CN201180027501A CN103140547B CN 103140547 B CN103140547 B CN 103140547B CN 201180027501 A CN201180027501 A CN 201180027501A CN 103140547 B CN103140547 B CN 103140547B
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- BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound OCCN1C(=O)N(CCO)C(=O)N(CCO)C1=O BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical group NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC=2N=C(N)N=C(N)N=2)=N1 YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002853 C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical group NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3492—Triazines
- C08K5/34922—Melamine; Derivatives thereof
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于热塑性聚合物的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其作为组分A含有30至79.9重量%的式(I)的次膦酸盐和/或式(II)的二次膦酸盐和/或其聚合物,其中,R1、R2相同或不同,并且表示H、C1-C18-烷基、C6-C18-芳基、C7-C18-芳基烷基和/或C7-C18-烷基芳基;R3表示直链或支链的C1-C10-亚烷基、C6-C10-亚芳基、C6-C10-烷基亚芳基或C6-C10-芳基亚烷基;M表示Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Zn、Fe、Zr、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na、K和/或质子化的氮碱;m表示1至4;n表示1至4;x表示1至4;作为组分B含有20至50重量%的含氮增效剂或者磷/氮阻燃剂,以及作为组分C含有0.1至20重量%的用金属盐涂覆金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物,其中,组分C含有50至95重量%的金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物和5至50重量%的金属盐,并且组分A至C之和始终为100重量%。
Description
本发明涉及用于热塑性聚合物的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,以及含有这样的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物的聚合物型成型料。
除少数例外情况以外,热塑性塑料的加工以熔体进行。塑料几乎不能经受与此相联系的结构变化和状态变化,而不在其化学结构方面发生改变。结果可能是交联、氧化、分子量变化以及因此还有物理和技术性能的变化。为了在加工期间减少聚合物的负荷,视塑料而定使用不同的添加剂。通常添加稳定剂,所述稳定剂阻止或至少减缓改变过程,诸如交联反应或降解反应。经常掺入主要目的在于改进熔体流动性能的润滑剂。
通常同时使用不同的添加剂。例如使用抗氧化剂和稳定剂,由此使塑料经受加工而没有化学退化,以及之后长时间对外部影响,诸如热、UV光、风化和氧气(空气)是稳定的。除改进流动性能以外,润滑剂防止塑料熔体在热的机器部件上过于强烈的黏合,以及起颜料、填料和增强剂的分散剂的作用。
通过使用阻燃剂,可以在以熔体形式加工时影响塑料的稳定性。经常必须以高剂量添加阻燃剂,以按照国际标准保证足够的塑料的防火性。由于其在高温所需的阻燃效力的化学反应性,阻燃剂可能负面地影响塑料的加工稳定性。这可以例如发生增加的聚合物降解、交联反应、气体释放或变色。这些不利的作用在没有阻燃剂的塑料加工时并不出现或仅以弱化的形式出现。
不添加阻燃剂,聚酰胺例如通过小量的卤化铜以及芳族胺和空间位阻酚来稳定化,其中在高的持续使用温度下长期稳定性的实现引起普遍重视(H.Zweifel(编辑):“Plas t ics Additives Handbook”,第5版,Carl Hanser Verlag,München,2000,第80至84页)。基本上为了持续使用,而不是为了加工过程,聚酯也需要抗氧化稳定化。
尤其对于热塑性聚合物而言,次膦酸的盐(次膦酸盐)经证实为有效的阻燃添加剂(DE-A-2 252 258和DE-A-2 447 727)。据描述,次膦酸钙和次膦酸铝在聚酯中特别有效并且比碱金属盐更少地影响聚合物成型料的材料性能(EP-A-0 699 708)。
此外,发现了次膦酸盐与特定的含氮化合物的增效组合物,发现所述含氮化合物在整个系列的聚合物中比单独的次膦酸盐作为阻燃剂更有效(PCT/EP97/01664以及DE-A-197 34 437和DE-A-197 37 727)。
为了用含磷阻燃剂将聚合物成型料稳定化,经证实碳二亚胺、异氰酸酯和异氰脲酸酯有效(DE-A-199 20 276)。
尤其在聚酰胺和聚酯中使用含磷阻燃剂时,发现目前描述的稳定剂的效果是不够的,特别是为了抑制在加工时出现的作用,诸如变色和分子量降低。
DE-A-196 14 424描述了在聚酯和聚酰胺中,次膦酸盐与氮增效剂结合。DE-A-199 33 901描述了次膦酸盐与三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐组合作为用于聚酯和聚酰胺的阻燃剂。在使用这样的非常有效的阻燃剂的情况下,可以产生部分的聚合物降解以及聚合物脱色,尤其在高于300℃的加工温度时。在挤压和注塑的情况下有时观察到干扰性烟雾产生。
EP-A-1 537 173描述了在使用次膦酸盐或其与含氮增效剂混合物作为阻燃剂时添加碱性或两性氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、硼酸盐、锡酸盐、混合氧化物-氢氧化物、氧化物-氢氧化物-碳酸盐、氢氧化物-硅酸盐或氢氧化物-硼酸盐或这些物质的混合物。当添加碱性金属氧化物,例如氧化锌、氧化镁或氧化钙,或者金属氢氧化物,诸如氢氧化镁时,不利之处在于,如此制备的防火聚合物的差的机械性能。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供用于热塑性塑料的阻燃剂组合物,其除阻燃性以外,还在塑料上产生稳定化的效果,由于良好的机械性能、不风化、在加工条件下不变色和良好的耐灯丝性而出色。该目的通过添加经涂覆的金属氧化物而得以解决。
因此,本发明的主题是用于热塑性聚合物的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其作为组分A含有30至79.9重量%的式(I)的次膦酸盐和/或式(II)的二次膦酸盐和/或其聚合物,
其中,
R1、R2相同或不同,并且表示H、C1-C18-烷基、C6-C18-芳基、C7-C18-芳基烷基和/或C7-C18-烷基芳基;
R3表示直链或支链的C1-C10-亚烷基、C6-C10-亚芳基、C6-C10-烷基亚芳基或C6-C10-芳基亚烷基;
M表示Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Zn、Fe、Zr、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na、K和/或质子化的氮碱;
m表示1至4;
n表示1至4;
x表示1至4;
作为组分B含有20至50重量%的含氮增效剂和/或磷/氮阻燃剂,以及
作为组分C含有0.1至20重量%的用金属盐涂覆金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物,其中,组分C含有50至95重量%的金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物和5至50重量%的金属盐,并且组分A至C之和始终为100重量%。
令人惊讶地发现,当添加具有特殊涂层的特定金属氧化物时,根据本发明的次膦酸盐(I)或者二次膦酸盐(II)或者其聚合物与含氮增效剂和/或磷/氮阻燃剂的组合物在混入聚合物中的情况下具有明显改进的稳定性。在这种情况下,金属氧化物优选由同一金属的难溶盐包围。优选地,所述盐是磷酸盐、钼酸盐、硫化物或硫酸盐。优选地,锌化合物、镁化合物、钙化合物或锰化合物。
根据本发明的组合物减少了塑料在以熔体形式加工时的变色并且抑制塑料降解为具有更低分子量的单元。同时仍然完整地获得阻燃性,改进耐灯丝性,以及几乎没有观察到风化。还令人惊讶地发现,通过根据本发明的添加物,在挤压和注塑时完全消除了烟雾。
优选地,R1、R2相同或不同,并且表示直链、支链或环状的C1-C6-烷基和/或苯基和/或H。
特别优选地,R1、R2相同或不同,并且表示甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、环己基和/或苯基。
优选地,R3表示亚甲基、亚乙基、亚正丙基、亚异丙基、亚正丁基、亚叔丁基、亚正戊基、亚正辛基或亚正十二烷基;亚苯基或亚萘基;甲基亚苯基、乙基亚苯基、叔丁基亚苯基、甲基亚萘基、乙基亚萘基或叔丁基亚萘基;苯基亚甲基、苯基亚乙基、苯基亚丙基或苯基亚丁基。
优选地,组分B是三聚氰胺的缩合产物和/或是三聚氰胺与聚磷酸的反应产物和/或是三聚氰胺的缩合产物与聚磷酸的反应产物或其混合物。
优选地,组分C是蜜勒胺、蜜白胺、蜜隆、二(三聚氰胺)焦磷酸盐、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、密勒胺聚磷酸盐、蜜白胺聚磷酸盐、蜜隆聚磷酸盐和/或其混合的聚盐。
优选地,组分C是式(NH4)yH3-yPO4或者(NH4PO3)z的含氮磷酸盐,其中y等于1至3且z等于1至10,000。
优选地,组分C是磷酸氢铵、磷酸二氢铵和/或聚磷酸铵。
优选地,组分C还是式(III)至(VIII)的含氮增效剂或其混合物
其中
R5至R7表示氢、C1-C8-烷基、C5-C16-环烷基或C5-C16-烷基环烷基,其可被羟基官能团或C1-C4-羟烷基官能团取代;C2-C8-烯基、C1-C8-烷氧基、C1-C8-酰基、C1-C8-酰氧基、C6-C12-芳基或C6-C12-芳基烷基、-OR8和-N(R8)R9,以及N-脂环的或N-芳族的,
R8表示氢、C1-C8-烷基、C5-C16-环烷基或C5-C16-烷基环烷基,其可被羟基官能团或C1-C4-羟烷基官能团取代;C2-C8-烯基、C1-C8-烷氧基、C1-C8-酰基、C1-C8-酰氧基、C6-C12-芳基或C6-C12-芳基烷基,
R9至R13表示与R8相同的基团以及-O-R8,
m和n彼此独立地表示1、2、3或4,
X表示酸,其可以与三嗪化合物(III)形成加合物;
或者组分C是三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯与芳族聚羧酸的低聚酯。
优选地,组分C是苯并胍胺、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、尿囊素、甘脲、三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯、双氰胺和/或胍。
优选地,组分C的金属氧化物是氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化锌、氧化锰和/或氧化锡和金属氢氧化物是氢氧化镁、氢氧化锌和/或氢氧化钙。
优选地,作为涂层存在于金属氧化物上的组分C的金属盐是磷酸锌、钼酸锌、硫化锌、硫酸锌、硬脂酸锌、碱性硅酸锌、锡酸锌、磷酸镁、硫酸镁、氢氧化镁、磷酸钙、硫酸钙、碳酸钙、氢氧化锌、水合氧化锡和/或氢氧化锰。
经涂覆的金属氧化物例如可以如US-A-4,439,572中对氧化锌的描述来制备。通过使氧化锌在所期望的锌盐相应的酸中分散在表面上,搅拌片刻并且之后滤出,获得氧化锌-锌盐混合物。产物时用锌盐涂覆的氧化锌,并作为用于PVC的废气减少剂使用。
如果将氧化锌在60至80℃分散于10%磷酸中并随后滤出,则获得用5至50重量%磷酸锌涂覆的氧化锌。这类产物可以以981商购获得。类似地可以由氧化镁和磷酸获得用磷酸镁涂覆的氧化镁。类似地可以用氧化钙、氧化锡或氧化锰处理。采用硫酸获得用硫酸盐涂覆的氧化物。
优选地,根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物含有50至78重量%的组分A,20至40重量%的组分B和2至20重量%的组分C。
优选地,根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物还含有抗氧化剂、UV吸收剂、光稳定剂、金属减活剂、破坏过氧化物的化合物、聚酰胺稳定剂、碱性共稳定剂、成核剂、填料、增强剂、另外的阻燃剂和/或另外的添加剂。
本发明还涉及阻燃塑料成型料,其含有根据权利要求1至14中任一项或多项的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,所述塑料是HI(高抗冲)型聚苯乙烯、聚亚苯基醚、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯的热塑性聚合物,和ABS(丙烯腈-丁丙烯-苯乙烯)型或PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁丙烯-苯乙烯)型或PPE/HIPS(聚亚苯基醚/HI-苯乙烯)型塑料的共混物或聚合物共混物。
优选地,阻燃塑料成型料含有2至50重量%的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物和50至98重量%的塑料成型料。
特别优选地,阻燃塑料成型料含有10至30重量%的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物和70至90重量%的塑料成型料。
本发明还涉及聚合物模制品、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维,其含有根据权利要求1至14中任一项或多项的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物和/或根据权利要求15或16的塑料成型料。
优选地,聚合物模制品、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维的聚合物是HI(高抗冲)聚苯乙烯、聚亚苯基醚、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯,和ABS(丙烯腈-丁丙烯-苯乙烯)型或PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁丙烯-苯乙烯)型共混物或聚合物共混物、聚酰胺、聚酯和/或ABS。
优选地,聚合物模制品、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维含有2至50重量%的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物和50至98重量%的聚合物。
优选地,M表示钙、铝或锌。
合适的次膦酸盐描述于明确引用的文献PCT/WO97/39053中。
特别优选的次膦酸盐是次膦酸铝、次膦酸钙和次膦酸锌。
优选地,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐是三聚氰胺与缩合的磷酸的反应产物或者三聚氰胺的缩合产物与缩合的磷酸的反应产物以及所述产物的混合物。
三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐应理解为通过三聚氰胺或缩合的三聚氰胺化合物,诸如密胺、密勒胺或蜜隆等与缩合的磷酸反应所产生的化合物。对此的实例是三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、密胺聚磷酸盐、蜜隆聚磷酸盐和密勒胺聚磷酸盐或者混合的聚盐,如WO-A-98/39306中所描述。
特别良好的合适的组分B是三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐。
特别优选地,组分C是用磷酸镁涂覆的氧化镁。
特别优选地,组分C是用磷酸锌、钼酸锌或锡酸锌涂覆的氧化锌。
根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物还可以含有碳二亚胺。
特别优选地,塑料是聚酰胺、聚酯和PPE/HIPS-共混物。
特别优选地,塑料成型料以10至30重量%的总量含有根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,基于聚合物含量计。
特别优选地,聚合物模制品、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维以10至30重量%的总量含有根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,基于聚合物含量计。
在一特别的实施方式中,基于聚合物含量计,聚合物模制品、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维含有2至30重量%的根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,所述组合物由30至79.9重量%的组分A,20至50重量%的组分B,0.1至20重量%的组分C组成。
优选地,阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物以粒料、片、细粒、粉末和/或微粉存在。
优选地,阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物以固体的物理混合物、以熔体混合物、以压实物、以挤出物或以母料的形式存在。
根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物此外可以含有碳二亚胺。
特别优选地,塑料是聚酰胺、聚酯和PPE/HIPS-共混物。
优选地,聚合物模制品、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维以2至50重量%的总量含有阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,基于聚合物含量计。那么,聚合物量为50至98重量%。
特别优选地,聚合物模制品、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维以10至30重量%的总量含有阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,基于聚合物含量计。那么,聚合物量为70至90重量%。
上述添加剂可以在各个不同的方法步骤中引入塑料。因此,在聚酰胺或聚酯的情况下,可能的是,在聚合/缩聚开始或结束时或在接下来的混合工序中将添加剂混合到聚合物熔体中。此外,存在其中添加剂仅在稍后添加的加工工序。这尤其在使用颜料母料或添加剂母料时实施。此外,存在这样的可能性,尤其是将粉末状添加剂通过转鼓施加而施加到通过干燥工序可能温热的聚合物粒料上。
优选地,阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物以粒料、片、细粒、粉末和/或微粉存在。
优选地,阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物以固体的物理混合物、以熔体混合物、以致密物、以挤出物或以母料的形式存在。
根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物可以用于热塑性和/或热固性聚合物中,如在下文进一步所定义。
合适的聚酯衍生自二羧酸及其酯和二醇和/或衍生自羟基羧酸或相应的内酯。
特别优选使用对苯二甲酸和乙二醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇和丁烷-1,3-二醇。
合适的聚酯尤其是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(2500、2002,Celanese公司;BASF公司)、聚-1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯、聚羟基苯甲酸酯以及衍生自具有羟基端基的聚醚的嵌段聚醚酯;此外还有用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
根据本发明制备的阻燃聚酯成型料优选用于聚酯模制品中。
优选的聚酯模制品是丝、纤维、薄膜和模制品,其作为二羧酸组分主要含有对苯二甲酸和作为二醇组分主要含有乙二醇。
优选地,由阻燃聚酯制备的丝和纤维中所得的磷含量为0.1-18%,优选0.5-15%,且在薄膜的情况下为0.2-15%,优选0.9-12重量%。
合适的聚苯乙烯类是聚苯乙烯、聚-(对甲基苯乙烯)和/或聚-(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
优选地,合适的聚苯乙烯类是苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯与丙烯或丙烯酸衍生物的共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁丙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯-丁丙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯和苯乙烯-丁丙烯-甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯-马来酸酐、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丙烯酸甲酯;由苯乙烯共聚物和另一种聚合物,聚丙烯酸酯、丙烯聚合物或乙烯-丙烯-丙烯-三元共聚物形成的更具冲击韧性的混合物;以及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁丙烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-异戊丙烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯。
优选地,合适的苯乙烯类还有苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如基于聚丁丙烯的苯乙烯、基于聚丁丙烯-苯乙烯共聚物或聚丁丙烯-丙烯腈共聚物的苯乙烯、基于聚丁丙烯的苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈);基于聚丁丙烯的苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯;基于丁丙烯的苯乙烯和马来酸酐;基于聚丁丙烯的苯乙烯、丙烯酰胺和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺;基于聚丁丙烯的苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺、基于聚丁丙烯的苯乙烯金额丙烯酸烷基酯或者甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、基于乙烯-丙烯-二烯-三元共聚物的苯乙烯和丙烯酰胺、基于聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的苯乙烯和丙烯酰胺、基于丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-共聚物的苯乙烯和丙烯酰胺,以及其混合物,例如称为ABS-聚合物、MBS-聚合物、ASA-聚合物或AES-聚合物的那些。
优选地,聚合物是衍生自二胺和二羧酸和/或衍生自氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,诸如尼龙-2.12、尼龙-4、尼龙-4.6、尼龙-6、尼龙-6.6、尼龙-6.9、尼龙-6.10、尼龙-6.12、尼龙-6.66、尼龙-7.7、尼龙-8.8、尼龙-9.9、尼龙-10.9、尼龙-10.10、尼龙-11、尼龙-12等。这些例如以商品名DuPont公司;BASF公司;K122,DSM公司;7301,DuPont公司;B29,Bayer公司和Ems Chemie公司是已知的。
合适的还有从间二甲苯、二胺和己二酸出发制备的芳族聚酰胺;由己二胺和间苯二甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸和任选的弹性体作为改性剂制备的聚酰胺,所述改性剂例如是聚-2,4,4-三甲基己二烯对苯二甲酰胺或聚间亚苯基邻苯二甲酰胺;上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学连接或接枝的弹性体,或与聚醚,例如与聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚丁二醇的嵌段共聚物。此外,采用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;以及在加工期间缩合的聚酰胺(“RIM-聚酰胺体系”)。
本发明最后还涉及用于制备阻燃聚合物模制品的方法,其特征在于,根据本发明的阻燃聚合物成型料通过注塑成型(例如注塑机(Aarburg Allrounder型))和模压成型、泡沫塑料注塑成型、气体内压注塑成型、吹塑成型、薄膜浇铸、轧光、层压或涂装在更高温度下加工成阻燃的聚合物模制品。
优选地,热固性聚合物是不饱和聚酯树脂(UP-树脂),其衍生自饱和和不饱和二羧酸或其酸酐与多价醇的共聚酯,以及乙烯基化合物作为交联剂。UP-树脂通过自由基聚合用引发剂(例如过氧化物)和促进剂固化。
优选的用于制备聚酯树脂的不饱和二羧酸和二羧酸衍生物是马来酸酐和富马酸。
优选的饱和二羧酸是邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、己二酸。
优选的二醇是1,2-丙二醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇和新戊二醇、新戊二醇、乙氧基化或丙氧基化的双酚-A。
优选的用于交联的乙烯基化合物是苯乙烯。
优选的固化剂体系是过氧化物和金属共引发剂,例如氢过氧化物和辛酸钴和/或苯甲酰基过氧化物和芳族胺和/或UV光和光敏剂,例如安息香醚。
优选的氢过氧化物是二叔丁基过氧化氢、过辛酸叔丁酯、过戊酸叔丁酯、过-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、过马来酸叔丁酯、过异丁酸叔丁酯、苯甲酰基过氧化物、二乙酰基过氧化物、丁二酰基过氧化物、对氯苯甲酰基过氧化物、二环己基过氧化物二碳酸酯。
优选地,引发剂以0.1至20重量%,优选0.2至15重量%的量使用,基于所有共聚单体的质量计算。
优选的金属共引发剂是钴化合物、锰化合物、铁化合物、钒化合物、镍化合物或铅化合物。优选地,金属共引发剂以0.05至1重量%的量使用,基于所有共聚单体的质量计算。
优选的芳族胺是二甲基苯胺、二甲基对甲苯、二乙基苯胺和苯基二乙醇胺。
用于制备阻燃共聚物的方法,其特征在于,将至少一种衍生自至少一种C4-C8-二羧酸的烯属不饱和二羧酸酐、至少一种乙烯基芳族化合物和多元醇共聚,并与根据本发明的烷基亚膦酸衍生物和形成二酯的烯烃的加合物反应。
用于制备阻燃热固性物料的方法,其特征在于,将热固性树脂与根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物和任选的另外的阻燃剂、增效剂、稳定剂、添加剂和填料或增强剂混合,并将得到的混合物在3至10巴的压力和20至60℃的温度湿压(冷压)。
另一种用于制备阻燃热固性物料的方法,其特征在于,将热固性树脂与根据本发明的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物和任选的另外的阻燃剂、增效剂、稳定剂、添加剂和填料或增强剂混合,并将得到的混合物在3至10巴的压力和80至150℃的温度湿压(温压或热压)。
优选地,聚合物是交联的环氧树脂,其衍生自脂族、环脂族、杂环族或芳族缩水甘油基化合物,例如衍生自双酚-A-二缩水甘油基醚、双酚-F-二缩水甘油基醚,将其借助于常规的固化剂和/或促进剂交联。
合适的所述甘油基化合物是双酚-A-二缩水甘油醚;双酚-F-二缩水甘油醚;酚醛树脂和甲酚醛树脂的聚缩水甘油醚;邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸以及偏苯三酸的聚缩水甘油醚;芳族胺以及杂环氮碱的N-缩水甘油基化合物以及多价脂族醇的二缩水甘油基化合物和聚缩水甘油基化合物。
合适的固化剂是脂族、环脂族、芳族和杂环族胺或多胺,诸如乙二胺、二乙三胺、三乙四胺、丙烷-1,3-二胺、己二胺、氨基乙基哌嗪、异佛尔酮二胺、聚酰氨基胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯基醚、二氨基二苯酚砜、苯胺-甲醛树脂、2,2,4-三甲基己烷-1,6-二胺、间二甲苯二胺、双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷、3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基胺(异佛尔酮二胺)、聚酰氨基胺、氰基胍和双氰胺,同样还有多元酸或其酸酐,例如邻苯二甲酸酐、马来酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐,以及酚类,例如苯酚-酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚-酚醛清漆树脂、二环戊烯-苯酚加合物树脂、苯酚芳烷基树脂、甲酚芳烷基树脂、萘酚芳烷基树脂、双酚改性的苯酚芳烷基树脂、苯酚三羟甲基甲烷树脂、四苯酚基乙烷树脂、萘酚-酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-苯酚共缩合物树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩合物树脂、双酚改性的苯酚树脂和氨基三嗪改性的苯酚树脂。所有的固化剂可以单独或彼此结合使用。
在聚合时用于交联的合适的催化剂或者促进剂是叔胺,苄基二甲基胺、N-烷基吡啶、咪唑、1-甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑、有机酸的金属盐、路易斯酸和胺络合物盐。
本发明的制剂也可以含有另外的添加剂,例如颜料、染料和稳定剂,所述添加剂常规地用于环氧树脂制剂。
环氧树脂适合于浇铸电气或电子部件以及适合于浸润工艺和浸渍工艺。在电工学中,环氧树脂大多数具备阻燃性并用于印刷电路板和绝缘体。
优选地,聚合物是交联的聚合物,其一方面衍生自醛,且另一方面衍生自酚、脲或三聚氰胺,诸如酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂或三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。优选地,聚合物是可交联的树脂,其衍生自取代的丙烯酸酯,例如衍生自环氧丙烯酸酯、氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
优选地,聚合物是醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和丙烯酸酯树脂,其与三聚氰胺树脂、脲醛树脂、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、聚异氰酸酯或环氧树脂交联。
优选的多元醇是乙二醇的氧化烯烃加合物、1,2-丙二醇、双酚A、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、季戊四醇、山梨醇、糖、降解淀粉、乙二胺、二氨基甲苯和/或苯胺,它们被用作引发剂。优选的氧烷基化剂特别含有2至4个碳原子,特别优选是氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯。
优选的聚酯多元醇通过多元醇,诸如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、甲基戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、季戊四醇、二甘油、葡萄糖和/或山梨醇与二元酸,诸如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、己二酸、癸二酸、马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸缩聚而获得。这些聚酯多元醇可以单独或组合使用。
合适的多异氰酸酯是具有不少于两个异氰酸酯基团的芳族、脂环族或脂族多异氰酸酯及其混合物。优选的是芳族多异氰酸酯,诸如甲苯二异氰酸酯、亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、亚萘基二异氰酸酯、亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、三-4-异氰酸酯基苯基)甲烷和聚亚甲基聚亚苯基二异氰酸酯;脂环族多异氰酸酯,诸如亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯;脂族多异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二聚脂肪酸二异氰酸酯、1,1-亚甲基双(4-异氰酸酯基环己烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯基二环己基甲烷-异构体混合物、1,4-环己基二异氰酸酯、-型(Bayer)和赖氨酸二异氰酸酯,及其混合物。
合适的多异氰酸酯是改性的产物,其通过多异氰酸酯与多元醇、脲、碳二亚胺和/或缩二脲反应而获得。
优选地,多异氰酸酯比多元醇的重量比为170比70重量份,优选130比80重量份,基于100重量份的多元醇计。
优选地,催化剂的重量比为0.1至4重量份,特别优选1至2重量份,基于100重量份的多元醇计。
优选的用于聚氨酯的发泡剂是水、烃、氟氯烃、氟代烃等。用于聚氨酯的发泡剂的量为0.1至1.8重量份,优选0.3至1.6重量份,且尤其是0.8至1.6重量份,基于100重量份的多元醇计。
优选地,将混合物用于聚酰胺或聚酯的成型料中。合适的聚酰胺例如描述于DE-A-199 20 276中。
优选地,聚酰胺是氨基酸型和/或二胺-二羧酸型的那些。
优选地,聚酰胺是尼龙6、尼龙6.10、尼龙10.10、尼龙12、尼龙4.6、尼龙11和/或尼龙6.6。
优选地,聚酰胺是未改性的、着色的、经填充的、未填充的、增强的、未增强的或者还是另外改性的。
优选地,聚酯是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯。
优选地,聚酯是未改性的、着色的、经填充的、未填充的、增强的、未增强的或者还是另外改性的。
任选地,可以向聚合物中添加添加剂。作为添加剂,可以添加蜡、光稳定剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、抗静电剂或这类添加剂的混合物。
作为优选的稳定剂,可以使用亚膦酸酯、亚磷酸酯或碳二亚胺。
也可以将上述添加剂添加到阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物中。
实施例
1.所使用的组分
市售的聚合物(粒料):
尼龙6.6(PA6.6-GV):A27(BASF AG,D公司)
聚对苯二甲酸二丁酯(PBT):B4500(BASF AG,D公司)玻璃纤维:
983 EC 10 4.5mm(Saint-Gobain-Vetrotex,D公司)
952 EC 10 4.5mm(Saint-Gobain-Vetrotex,D公司)
阻燃剂(组分A):
二乙基膦酸的铝盐,称为DEPAL
阻燃剂(组分B,根据本发明的):
三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐,称为MPP,200(Ciba SC,CH公司)组分C(对比):
硼酸锌ZB和500,Borax,USA公司
活化的氧化锌,Rheinchemie,D公司
磷酸锌,Sigma-Aldrich,D公司
组分C(根据本发明的):
981(氧化锌-磷酸锌混合物),Sherwin-Williams,USA公司
911B(氧化锌-钼酸锌混合物),Sherwin-Williams,USA公司
2.阻燃塑料成型料的制备、加工和测试
将阻燃剂组分以在表格中给出的比例彼此混合并通过双螺杆挤出机(Leistritz ZSE27/44D型)的侧面进料位置在260至310℃的温度混合到尼龙6.6中或者在250至275℃混合到PBT中。将玻璃纤维通过第二侧面进料位置添加。将均质化的聚合物条拉出,在水浴中冷却并随后造粒。在充分干燥之后,将成型料在注塑机(Arburg320C Allrounder型)上在250至300℃的物料温度加工成测试样品,并借助于UL94-测试(Underwriter Laboratories)测试阻燃性并分类。
根据UL94得到以下消防等级:
V-0:续燃时间不超过10秒,10次点火的总续燃时间不多于50秒,没有燃烧滴落,试样没有完全燃尽,点火结束后大于30秒无试样残炽;
V-1:点火结束后续燃时间不超过30秒,10次点火的总续燃时间不超过250秒,点火结束后大于60秒无试样残炽,其余标准同V-0的情况;
V-2:通过燃烧滴落引燃棉絮,其余标准同V-1的情况;
不可分级的(nkl):不满足消防等级V-2。
成型料的流动性通过在275℃/2.16kg确定熔体体积指数(MVR)来测定。MVR值的急剧增加指示聚合物降解。
聚酯的加工性能借助于比粘度(SV)来评价。由塑料成型料的粒料在充分干燥之后制备在二氯乙酸中的1.0%溶液并测定SV值。SV值越高,在阻燃剂引入期间聚合物降解越少。
除非另有指明,由于对比在相同的条件(温度程序、螺杆几何、注塑参数)下进行各系列的全部试验。
表1示出了对比实施例,其中单独使用了基于二乙基膦酸的铝盐(DEPAL)和含氮的增效剂三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)和金属氧化物或者金属硼酸盐或金属磷酸盐的阻燃剂组合物。将阻燃剂引入尼龙6.6导致可根据高MVR值识别的聚合物降解,和导致明显的气体释放。仅达到750℃的GWIT。
其中使用根据本发明的阻燃剂混合物的实施例的结果在表2中获知。所有的量以重量%给出并且基于包含阻燃剂组合物和添加剂的塑料成型料。
由实施例得出,由组分次膦酸盐、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐和经涂覆的金属氧化物(氧化锌)组成的根据本发明的混合物改进了聚合物的可加工性,而没有损害阻燃效果。几乎没有观察到气体释放,低熔体指数显示低的聚合物降解,机械值高并且达到775℃的GWIT。
除非另有指示,给出的量始终为重量%。
表1:尼龙66GF30试验结果。V1-V4是对比实施例
V-1 | V-2 | V-3 | V-4 | |
尼龙66 | 49.55 | 49.55 | 49.55 | 49.55 |
玻璃纤维983 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
A:DEPAL | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 |
B:MPP | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 |
C1:硼酸锌 | 1 | |||
C2:氧化锌 | 1 | 0.5 | ||
C3:磷酸锌 | 1 | 0.5 |
D:CaV 102 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
E:P-EPQ | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
UL 94 0.8mm | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 |
GWIT 0.75mm | 750℃ | 750℃ | 750℃ | 750℃ |
MVR 275℃/2.16kg | 8 | 16 | 17 | 12 |
聚合物条 | 光滑 | 粗糙 | 粗糙 | 粗糙 |
气体释放* | 明显 | 明显 | 明显 | 明显 |
颜色 | 白 | 白 | 白 | 白 |
冲击韧性[kJ/m2] | 65 | 50 | 62 | 53 |
缺口冲击韧性[kJ/m2] | 9 | 5 | 7 | 6 |
*14天,100%湿度,70℃
表2:尼龙66GF30试验结果。根据本发明的实施例B1-B4
B-1 | B-2 | B-3 | B-4 | |
尼龙66 | 49.55 | 49.55 | 50.05 | 50.05 |
玻璃纤维983 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
A:DEPAL | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 |
B:MPP | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 |
C4:Kemgard 981 | 1 | 0.5 | ||
C5:Kemgard 911B | 1 | 0.5 | ||
D:CaV 102 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
E:P-EPQ | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
UL 94 0.8mm | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 |
GWIT 0.75mm | 775℃ | 775℃ | 775℃ | 775℃ |
MVR 275℃/2.16kg | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 |
聚合物条 | 光滑 | 光滑 | 光滑 | 光滑 |
气体释放* | 少 | 少 | 少 | 少 |
颜色 | 白 | 白 | 白 | 白 |
冲击韧性[kJ/m2] | 62 | 64 | 62 | 63 |
缺口冲击韧性[kJ/m2] | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 |
*14天,100%湿度,70℃
表3示出了对比实施例V5-V8,其中单独在聚酯(PBT)中使用了基于二乙基膦酸的铝盐(DEPAL)和含氮的增效剂三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)和金属氧化物或者金属硼酸盐或金属磷酸盐的阻燃剂组合物。虽然达到了防火等级UL 94V-0,但是观察到可根据低SV值识别的明显的聚合物降解,以及低机械值。
由组分次膦酸盐、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐和经涂覆的金属氧化物(氧化锌)组成的根据本发明的混合物(表3,实施例B-5和B-6)明显降低了聚合物降解,可根据高SV值和更佳的机械参数识别。
在聚酰胺中和在聚酯中都采用981(用磷酸锌涂覆的氧化锌)实现了比采用氧化锌和磷酸锌的物理混合物更佳的结果。
表3:PBT GF 25试验结果。V5-8是对比实施例,B5和B6是根据本发明的阻燃稳定剂混合物
V-5 | V-6 | V-7 | V-8 | B-5 | B-6 | |
PBT | 54.55 | 54.55 | 54.55 | 54.55 | 54.55 | 54.55 |
玻璃纤维952 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
A:DEPAL | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
B:MPP | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
C1:硼酸锌 | 0.5 | |||||
C2:氧化锌 | 0.5 | 0.25 | ||||
C3:磷酸锌 | 0.5 | 0.25 | ||||
C4:Kemgard 981 | 0.5 | |||||
C5:Kemgard 911B | 0.5 | |||||
D:Licowax E | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
E:P-EPQ | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
UL 94 0.8mm | V-0 | V-1 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 | V-0 |
颜色 | 白 | 白 | 白 | 白 | 白 | 白 |
溶解粘度SV* | 1005 | 1110 | 1210 | 1181 | 1332 | 1320 |
断裂拉伸[%] | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
冲击韧性[kJ/m2] | 40 | 34 | 39 | 36 | 49 | 47 |
缺口冲击韧性[kJ/m2] | 6.3 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 7.5 |
*在二氯乙酸中,纯PBT(未混合的)为1450
Claims (18)
1.用于热塑性聚合物的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其作为组分A含有30至79.9重量%的式(I)的次膦酸盐和/或式(II)的二次膦酸盐和/或其聚合物,
其中,
R1、R2相同或不同,并且表示H、C1-C18-烷基、C6-C18-芳基、C7-C18-芳基烷基和/或C7-C18-烷基芳基;
R3表示直链或支链的C1-C10-亚烷基、C6-C10-亚芳基、C6-C10-烷基亚芳基或C6-C10-芳基亚烷基;
M表示Mg、Ca、Al、Sb、Sn、Ge、Ti、Zn、Fe、Zr、Ce、Bi、Sr、Mn、Li、Na、K和/或质子化的氮碱;
m表示1至4;
n表示1至4;
x表示1至4;
作为组分B含有20至50重量%的含氮增效剂和/或磷/氮阻燃剂,以及作为组分C含有0.1至20重量%的用金属盐涂覆的金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物,其中,组分C含有50至95重量%的金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物和5至50重量%的金属盐,并且组分A至C之和始终为100重量%。
2.根据权利要求1的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,R1、R2 相同或不同且表示直链、支化或环状的C1-C6-烷基和/或苯基和/或H。
3.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,R1、R2相同或不同且表示甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、环己基和/或苯基。
4.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,R3表示亚甲基、亚乙基、亚正丙基、亚异丙基、亚正丁基、亚叔丁基、亚正戊基、亚正辛基或亚正十二烷基;亚苯基或亚萘基;甲基亚苯基、乙基亚苯基、叔丁基亚苯基、甲基亚萘基、乙基亚萘基或叔丁基亚萘基;苯基亚甲基、苯基亚乙基、苯基亚丙基或苯基亚丁基。
5.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,组分B是三聚氰胺的缩合产物和/或是三聚氰胺与多磷酸的反应产物和/或是三聚氰胺的缩合产物与多磷酸的反应产物或其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,组分B是蜜勒胺、蜜白胺、蜜隆、二(三聚氰胺)焦磷酸盐、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、蜜勒胺聚磷酸盐、蜜白胺聚磷酸盐、蜜隆聚磷酸盐和/或其混合的聚盐。
7.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,组分B是式(NH4)yH3-yPO4或者(NH4PO3)z的含氮磷酸盐,其中y等于1至3且z等于1至10,000。
8.根据权利要求7的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,组分B是磷酸氢铵、磷酸二氢铵和/或多磷酸铵。
9.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,组 分B在含氮增效剂的情况下是式(III)至(VIII)的那些或它们的混合物
其中
R5至R7表示氢;C1-C8-烷基、C5-C16-环烷基或C5-C16-烷基环烷基,其可以被羟基官能团或C1-C4-羟烷基官能团取代;C2-C8-烯基、C1-C8-烷氧基、C1-C8-酰基、C1-C8-酰氧基、C6-C12-芳基或C6-C12-芳基烷基、-OR8和-N(R8)R9;以及N-脂环族的或N-芳族的基团,
R8表示氢;C1-C8-烷基、C5-C16-环烷基或C5-C16-烷基环烷基,其可以被羟基官能团或C1-C4-羟烷基官能团取代;C2-C8-烯基、C1-C8-烷氧基、C1-C8-酰基、C1-C8-酰氧基或C6-C12-芳基或C6-C12-芳基烷基,
R9至R13表示与R8相同的基团以及-O-R8,
m和n彼此独立地表示1、2、3或4,
X表示酸,其可以与三嗪化合物(III)形成加合物;
或者组分B是三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯与芳族多羧酸的低聚物型酯。
10.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,组分B是苯并胍胺、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、尿囊素、甘脲、三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯、双氰胺和/或胍。
11.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,组分C的金属氧化物是氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化锌、氧化锰和/或氧化锡和金属氢氧化物是氢氧化镁、氢氧化锌和/或氢氧化钙。
12.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,作为涂层存在于金属氧化物上的组分C的金属盐是磷酸锌、钼酸锌、硫化锌、硫酸锌、硬脂酸锌、碱性硅酸锌、锡酸锌、磷酸镁、硫酸镁、氢氧化镁、磷酸钙、硫酸钙、碳酸钙、氢氧化锌、水合氧化锡和/或氢氧化锰。
13.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,其含有50至78重量%的组分A,20至40重量%的组分B和2至20重量%的组分C。
14.根据权利要求1或2的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,其另外含有抗氧化剂、UV吸收剂、光稳定剂、金属减活剂、破坏过氧化物的化合物、聚酰胺稳定剂、碱性共稳定剂、成核剂、填料、增强剂、另外的阻燃剂和/或另外的添加剂。
15.阻燃配备的塑料成型料,其含有根据权利要求1至14中一项的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物,其特征在于,所述塑料是聚苯乙烯-HI(高抗冲)、聚亚苯基醚、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯类型的热塑性聚合物,和ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)型或PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)型或PPE/HIPS(聚亚苯基醚/苯乙烯-HI)型塑料的共混物或聚合物共混物。
16.根据权利要求15的阻燃配备的塑料成型料,其特征在于,其含有2至50重量%的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物和50至98重量%的塑料成型料。
17.聚合物模制品、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维,其含有根据权利要求1至14中一项的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物和/或根据权利要求15或16的塑料成型料,其特征在于,所述聚合物是聚苯乙烯-HI(高抗冲)、聚亚苯基醚、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯,和ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)型或PC/ABS(聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)型共混物或聚合物共混物、聚酰胺、聚酯和/或ABS。
18.根据权利要求17的聚合物模制品、聚合物膜、聚合物丝和聚合物纤维,其特征在于,其含有2至50重量%的阻燃剂-稳定剂-组合物和50至98重量%的聚合物。
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DE102007015083A1 (de) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-02 | Clariant International Limited | Flammgeschützte Klebe- und Dichtmassen |
WO2010030478A2 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-18 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Poly(arylene ether) composition, method, and article background of the invention |
KR101621909B1 (ko) | 2009-06-05 | 2016-05-31 | 이엠에스-패턴트 에이지 | 방염성의, 부분 방향족 폴리아미드 몰딩 조성물 |
-
2010
- 2010-07-13 DE DE102010026973A patent/DE102010026973A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2011
- 2011-07-06 WO PCT/EP2011/003358 patent/WO2012007124A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-07-06 JP JP2013518979A patent/JP5796913B2/ja active Active
- 2011-07-06 CN CN201180027501.3A patent/CN103140547B/zh active Active
- 2011-07-06 US US13/809,716 patent/US9534109B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-06 PL PL11738163T patent/PL2593505T3/pl unknown
- 2011-07-06 EP EP11738163.2A patent/EP2593505B1/de active Active
- 2011-07-11 TW TW100124458A patent/TWI521052B/zh active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4439572A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1984-03-27 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Zinc oxide-zinc salt smoke suppressant/flame retardants |
CN1678673A (zh) * | 2002-09-03 | 2005-10-05 | 科莱恩有限公司 | 热塑性聚合物用的阻燃剂-稳定剂组合 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5796913B2 (ja) | 2015-10-21 |
WO2012007124A1 (de) | 2012-01-19 |
EP2593505B1 (de) | 2020-05-13 |
CN103140547A (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
JP2013531117A (ja) | 2013-08-01 |
EP2593505A1 (de) | 2013-05-22 |
US9534109B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 |
TWI521052B (zh) | 2016-02-11 |
PL2593505T3 (pl) | 2020-11-16 |
US20130109792A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
TW201224126A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
DE102010026973A1 (de) | 2012-01-19 |
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