CN103105439B - 同时测定食品中残留有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了同时测定食品中残留有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法,包括如下步骤:(1)取待测样品,加石油醚提取;分离出提取液,用石油醚洗涤,洗涤液与提取液合并,蒸发,石油醚溶解,经佛罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,洗脱得到洗脱液;(2)另称取待测样品,加入丙酮提取;分离出提取液,再用丙酮洗涤,洗涤液与提取液合并;蒸发,丙酮定容;(3)取步骤(1)和(2)获得的液体,混合注入气相色谱仪,采用双毛细管色谱柱、双检测器同时分析样品,采用一致的阶段升温条件,同时分别进行分析,样品经两根色谱柱分离后分别进入电子俘获检测器和脉冲火焰光度检测器进行检测。本发明的方法具有测定简便、快速、准确的特点,重现性好,准确率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种同时测定保健食品中残留的有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法。
背景技术
我国是农药生产和使用的大国,在农业生产中有机氯、有机磷和菊酯是最常用的三大类农药,有机磷农药普遍毒性较高且容易附着于植物的叶、花、果实等部位;有机氯农药稳定性好,著名的六六六、滴滴涕可以在土壤中稳定存在达60年以上;菊酯类农药是近年使用越来越广泛的农药,其部分种类具有低毒高效、易分解的特点,但氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯等品种的毒性极大,目前已被列入禁止使用的农药范畴。
有机磷类农药可经消化道、呼吸道及完整皮肤和粘膜进入人体,进入体内的农药经氧化和水解,抑制胆碱酯酶的活性,使其失去催化乙酰胆碱水解的作用,引起中枢神经调节功能紊乱,引起昏迷甚至死亡。有机氯农药会干扰人体正常分泌物的合成、释放、转运、代谢等过程,影响内分泌系统破坏机体内环境的稳定,导致癌变。
近年来,随着社会的发展,科研人员发明了越来越多的农药新品种,同时也有越来越多的农药被列入禁用范围,无论是有机磷、有机氯还是菊酯类农药,都有大量的品种已经禁止生产和使用。但由于监管问题或土地和水质中的残留问题,禁用品种的农药还在威胁人们的生存安全,同时允许使用的农药品种也存在着超量使用和超范围使用的问题。目前我国采用的检测以上三类农药的方法是GB/T 5009.19、GB/T 5009.20、GB/T 5009.13、GB/T5009.146等标准,但其中存在着预处理方式不同,检测过程条件差异等问题,特别是在检测多残留时需要重复处理样品且仪器分析时间较长。
由于不同类农残的理化特征不同,采用现有技术无法同时检测多种农药残留,通常先采用毛细管色谱柱-电子俘获检测器检测电负性强的农药,再采用毛细管色谱柱-火焰光度检测器检测有燃烧特征的农药。这种检测方法的不足在于:采用不同预处理方法浪费了试剂和处理时间,分别采用不同的仪器条件检测加大工作量且分析周期长。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种重现性好,准确率高,试剂消耗量小分析周期短的同时测定食品中残留有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法
本发明的技术方案概述如下:
一种同时测定食品中残留有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称取待测样品10g,加入15-25ml石油醚振荡提取10-30min;分离出石油醚提取液,再用5-15ml石油醚振荡洗涤,洗涤1-3次,每次振荡3-7min;分离出石油醚洗涤液,将石油醚洗涤液与石油醚提取液合并成合并液,将所述合并液旋转蒸发至体积1mL,加入2mL石油醚溶解后经佛罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯溶液4mL洗脱得到洗脱液;
(2)另称取待测样品10g,加入15-25ml丙酮振荡提取10-30min;分离出丙酮提取液,再用5-15ml丙酮振荡洗涤3-7min,洗涤1-3次;分离出丙酮洗涤液,将丙酮洗涤液与丙酮提取液合并;旋转蒸发至体积1mL,以丙酮定容至5mL;
(3)各取1mL步骤(1)和(2)获得的液体,混合后注入气相色谱仪,采用双毛细管色谱柱、双检测器同时分析样品,采用一致的100-260℃阶段升温条件下,同时分别进行分析,样品经两根色谱柱分离后分别进入电子俘获检测器和脉冲火焰光度检测器进行检测。
本发明方法的优点:
采用双毛细管色谱柱、双检测器同时分析样品,采用一致的柱温箱程序升温条件,可以做到对三类农药采用一次预处理方法,提取净化后的样品溶液可以同时检测多类残留。对测定保健食品中残留的有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药,分离度好,峰面积对浓度呈良好的线性关系,在一个分析周期内同时检测3类农药残留,并具有测定简便、快速、准确的特点。在对保健食品原料和成品安全实施更加有效控制的同时缩短分析时间,降低有机试剂消耗。重现性好,准确率高;
附图说明
图1为有机磷类组分色谱图;
图2为有机氯类组分色谱图;
图3为菊酯类组分色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本领域技术人员更全面的理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种同时测定食品中残留有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称取待测样品10g,加入20ml石油醚振荡提取20min;分离出石油醚提取液,再用10ml石油醚振荡洗涤,洗涤2次,每次振荡5min;分离出石油醚洗涤液,将石油醚洗涤液与石油醚提取液合并成合并液,将所述合并液旋转蒸发至体积1mL,加入2mL石油醚溶解后经佛罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯溶液4mL洗脱得到洗脱液;
(2)另称取待测样品10g,加入20ml丙酮振荡提取30min;分离出丙酮提取液,再用10ml丙酮振荡洗涤5min,洗涤2次;分离出丙酮洗涤液,将丙酮洗涤液与丙酮提取液合并;旋转蒸发至体积1mL,以丙酮定容至5mL;
(3)各取1mL步骤(1)和(2)获得的液体,混合后注入气相色谱仪,采用双毛细管色谱柱、双检测器同时分析样品,采用一致的100-260℃阶段升温条件下,同时分别进行分析,样品经两根色谱柱分离后分别进入电子俘获检测器和脉冲火焰光度检测器进行检测。
在实施例1中,采用规定的预处理方法和色谱条件,对样品同时进行双柱分析,得到色谱图如图1、图2、图3,
所有色谱图中,峰名称如表1.
表1
色谱条件色谱柱Agilent DB1701(30m×0.25mm×0.25um);载气高纯氮气,流速2.0ml/min,进样量1μl,程序升温。在此色谱条件下,各种农残的保留时间如表2:
表2
农残名称 | RT(保留时间) | 农残名称 | RT(保留时间) | 农残名称 | RT(保留时间) |
敌敌畏 | 2.751 | 艾氏剂 | 6.669 | 七氯 | 2.840 |
甲胺磷 | 2.168 | 狄氏剂 | 10.186 | 氰戊菊酯 | 23.508 |
马拉硫磷 | 4.667 | 三氯杀螨醇 | 8.071 | 氰戊菊酯-2 | 24.872 |
毒死蜱 | 6.147 | α-硫丹 | 7.417 | 溴氰菊酯 | 28.323 |
对硫磷 | 6.000 | β-硫丹 | 9.174 | 氟氰戊菊酯-1 | 21.508 |
甲基对硫磷 | 6.723 | 百菌清 | 12.130 | 氟氰戊菊酯-2 | 22.707 |
乐果 | 7.152 | 氟氯氰菊酯 | 13.292 | ||
甲基嘧啶磷 | 5.167 | 氯菊酯 | 13.761 | ||
杀螟硫磷 | 5.466 | 氯氰菊酯-1 | 19.012 | ||
倍硫磷 | 6.634 | 氯氰菊酯-2 | 19.966 | ||
甲基毒死蜱 | 6.859 | 氯氰菊酯-3 | 20.633 | ||
甲拌磷 | 6.406 | 联苯菊酯 | 8.365 | ||
稻丰散 | 7.380 |
各物质分离良好,以各物质的峰面积对浓度作曲线,计算回归方程和相关系数,相关系数r均>0.997,说明峰面积对浓度呈良好的线性关系。
实施例2
一种同时测定食品中残留有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称取待测样品10g,加入15ml石油醚振荡提取10min;分离出石油醚提取液,再用15ml石油醚振荡洗涤,洗涤2次,每次振荡3min;分离出石油醚洗涤液,将石油醚洗涤液与石油醚提取液合并成合并液,将所述合并液旋转蒸发至体积1mL,加入2mL石油醚溶解后经佛罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯溶液4mL洗脱得到洗脱液;
(2)另称取待测样品10g,加入15ml丙酮振荡提取30min;分离出丙酮提取液,再用10ml丙酮振荡洗涤3min,洗涤2次;分离出丙酮洗涤液,将丙酮洗涤液与丙酮提取液合并;旋转蒸发至体积1mL,以丙酮定容至5mL;
(3)各取1mL步骤(1)和(2)获得的液体,混合后注入气相色谱仪,采用双毛细管色谱柱、双检测器同时分析样品,采用一致的100-260℃阶段升温条件下,同时分别进行分析,样品经两根色谱柱分离后分别进入电子俘获检测器和脉冲火焰光度检测器进行检测。
实施例2色谱条件色谱柱Agilent DB1701(30m×0.25mm×0.25um);载气高纯氮气,流速2.0ml/min,进样量1μl,程序升温。对采用处理方法处理的样品进行有机磷残留分析,结果如表3。
表3:
农残名称 | RT(保留时间) | 回收率 | 稳定性RSD |
敌敌畏 | 2.751 | 91.71% | 3.66% |
甲胺磷 | 2.168 | 92.71% | 4.85% |
马拉硫磷 | 4.667 | 92.31% | 4.60% |
毒死蜱 | 6.147 | 91.19% | 6.47% |
对硫磷 | 6.000 | 91.20% | 1.05% |
甲基对硫磷 | 6.723 | 96.05% | 6.31% |
乐果 | 7.152 | 98.87% | 2.82% |
甲基嘧啶磷 | 5.167 | 97.06% | 5.69% |
杀螟硫磷 | 5.466 | 88.47% | 5.31% |
倍硫磷 | 6.634 | 90.11% | 1.21% |
甲基毒死蜱 | 6.859 | 93.03% | 5.51% |
甲拌磷 | 6.406 | 89.04% | 1.32% |
稻丰散 | 7.380 | 96.02% | 5.40% |
实施例3
一种同时测定食品中残留有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称取待测样品10g,加入20ml石油醚振荡提取30min;分离出石油醚提取液,再用10ml石油醚振荡洗涤,洗涤3次,每次振荡5min;分离出石油醚洗涤液,将石油醚洗涤液与石油醚提取液合并成合并液,将所述合并液旋转蒸发至体积1mL,加入2mL石油醚溶解后经佛罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯溶液4mL洗脱得到洗脱液;
(2)另称取待测样品10g,加入20ml丙酮振荡提取30min;分离出丙酮提取液,再用10ml丙酮振荡洗涤5min,洗涤3次;分离出丙酮洗涤液,将丙酮洗涤液与丙酮提取液合并;旋转蒸发至体积1mL,以丙酮定容至5mL;
(3)各取1mL步骤(1)和(2)获得的液体,混合后注入气相色谱仪,采用双毛细管色谱柱、双检测器同时分析样品,采用一致的100-260℃阶段升温条件下,同时分别进行分析,样品经两根色谱柱分离后分别进入电子俘获检测器和脉冲火焰光度检测器进行检测。
实施例3色谱柱Agilent DB1701(30m×0.25mm×0.25um);载气高纯氮气,流速2.0ml/min,进样量1μl,程序升温。对采用处理方法处理的样品进行有机氯残留分析,结果如表4。
表4
农残名称 | RT(保留时间) | 回收率 | 稳定性RSD |
艾氏剂 | 6.669 | 90.74% | 3.94% |
狄试剂 | 10.186 | 92.66% | 4.18% |
三氯杀螨醇 | 8.071 | 94.64% | 4.86% |
α-硫丹 | 7.417 | 88.84% | 1.61% |
β-硫丹 | 9.174 | 92.71% | 0.87% |
百菌清 | 12.130 | 93.96% | 0.66% |
实施例4
一种同时测定食品中残留有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称取待测样品10g,加入25ml石油醚振荡提取20min;分离出石油醚提取液,再用5ml石油醚振荡洗涤,洗涤1次,每次振荡7min;分离出石油醚洗涤液,将石油醚洗涤液与石油醚提取液合并成合并液,将所述合并液旋转蒸发至体积1mL,加入2mL石油醚溶解后经佛罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯溶液4mL洗脱得到洗脱液;
(2)另称取待测样品10g,加入25ml丙酮振荡提取30min;分离出丙酮提取液,再用10ml丙酮振荡洗涤7min,洗涤1次;分离出丙酮洗涤液,将丙酮洗涤液与丙酮提取液合并;旋转蒸发至体积1mL,以丙酮定容至5mL;
(3)各取1mL步骤(1)和(2)获得的液体,混合后注入气相色谱仪,采用双毛细管色谱柱、双检测器同时分析样品,采用一致的100-260℃阶段升温条件下,同时分别进行分析,样品经两根色谱柱分离后分别进入电子俘获检测器和脉冲火焰光度检测器进行检测。
实施例4色谱柱Agilent DB1701(30m×0.25mm×0.25um);载气高纯氮气,流速2.0ml/min,进样量1μl,程序升温。对采用处理方法处理的样品进行有机氯残留分析,结果如表5。
表5
农残名称 | RT(保留时间) | 回收率 | 稳定性RSD |
七氯 | 2.840 | 88.48% | 1.98% |
氰戊菊酯 | 23.508 | 92.40% | 4.37% |
氰戊菊酯-2 | 24.872 | 88.59% | 4.99% |
溴氰菊酯 | 28.323 | 96.47% | 3.06% |
氟氰戊菊酯-1 | 21.508 | 99.91% | 4.51% |
氟氰戊菊酯-2 | 22.707 | 98.53% | 5.54% |
氟氯氰菊酯 | 13.292 | 92.26% | 5.43% |
氯菊酯 | 13.761 | 91.12% | 2.46% |
氯氰菊酯-1 | 19.012 | 88.09% | 3.66% |
氯氰菊酯-2 | 19.966 | 99.16% | 1.73% |
氯氰菊酯-3 | 20.633 | 94.14% | 3.51% |
联苯菊酯 | 8.365 | 92.40% | 5.46% |
Claims (1)
1.一种同时测定食品中残留有机氯、菊酯和有机磷类农药的方法,其特征是包括如下步骤:
(1)称取待测样品10g,加入15-25ml石油醚振荡提取10-30min;分离出石油醚提取液,再用5-15ml石油醚振荡洗涤,洗涤1-3次,每次振荡3-7min;分离出石油醚洗涤液,将石油醚洗涤液与石油醚提取液合并成合并液,将所述合并液旋转蒸发至体积1mL,加入2mL石油醚溶解后经佛罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯溶液4mL洗脱得到洗脱液;
(2)另称取待测样品10g,加入15-25ml丙酮振荡提取10-30min;分离出丙酮提取液,再用5-15ml丙酮振荡洗涤3-7min,洗涤1-3次;分离出丙酮洗涤液,将丙酮洗涤液与丙酮提取液合并;旋转蒸发至体积1mL,以丙酮定容至5mL;
(3)各取1mL步骤(1)和(2)获得的液体,混合后注入气相色谱仪,采用双毛细管色谱柱、双检测器同时分析样品,采用一致的100-260℃阶段升温条件下,同时分别进行分析,样品经两根色谱柱分离后分别进入电子俘获检测器和脉冲火焰光度检测器进行检测。
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