CN103098082A - 用于在由多孔的或纤维质的材料制成的对象表面上固定物体的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于在由多孔的或纤维质的材料制成的对象表面上固定物体的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN103098082A
CN103098082A CN2011800332444A CN201180033244A CN103098082A CN 103098082 A CN103098082 A CN 103098082A CN 2011800332444 A CN2011800332444 A CN 2011800332444A CN 201180033244 A CN201180033244 A CN 201180033244A CN 103098082 A CN103098082 A CN 103098082A
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CN103098082B (zh
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M.埃施利曼
M.莱曼
L.托里亚尼
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Woodwelding AG
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    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
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Abstract

物体被借助于热塑性固定薄膜固定在由多孔的或纤维质材料制成的、尤其是由木材或由类似木质的材料制成的对象表面上。为此，与固定薄膜分开的或者组合在其中的物体在对象表面定位并且借助于具有在远侧设置的、例如自身封闭、环形的型廓（2）的振动的固定工具（1），沿着对象表面的外周锚定及必要时也冲压出，所述型廓定位在固定薄膜上。所述固定尤其适合用于在木制的物体如货板或树干上固定识别载体，其中识别载体例如装备有天线及RFID芯片或装备有条码。

Description

用于在由多孔的或纤维质的材料制成的对象表面上固定物体的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在由多孔的或纤维质的材料制成的对象表面上固定物体的方法和装置，其中，物体基本上是扁平的并且尤其是被装备为识别载体（例如RFID标签或具有可读光学识别标记的铭牌）及其中至少那些待固定物体的对象表面由多孔的或纤维质的材料制成，尤其是由木材或由具有类似木质特性及必要时由木料制成的材料制成（例如刨花板、胶合板、纸板）。
背景技术
例如木质的货板或树干设置有例如由金属或塑料制成的识别小片是已知的，其中，识别小片具有带有天线的集成RFID芯片或印上的条码。这些识别小片例如借助于钉子、螺栓或夹子被固定在木质表面上，其中为了固定必要时它们具有一些孔，或者这些小片本身装备有多个钉子状的细腿，这些细腿被钉入木材中。这些识别小片及用于其固定的方法例如在出版文献FR-2610749或FR-2832841中被说明。另一种用于在木材制成的对象上固定识别装置的方法被在出版文献FR-2928350中说明。在该方法中，在对象中设有空穴，识别载体被定位在该空穴中及随后该空穴被用液化的热塑性塑料浇注。
由出版文献WO 2006/119279也公开了，为了识别目的，在由纸板制成的包装或包装材料上安装芯片，其中，芯片被施加在胶粘带上，该胶粘带例如也被用于强化包装并且设有可通过压力及必要时通过热来活性化的胶粘剂。为了施加胶粘带，将胶粘带借助于必要时加热的卷筒挤压到包装或包装材料上。为此前提条件是，这些芯片是柔性及耐热的（第6页）。
发明内容
现在本发明的任务是，提供另一种方法和另一种装置，它们用于在由多孔或纤维质的材料、尤其是由木材或由类似木质的材料制成的对象上固定基本上扁平的物体（尤其是一个识别载体），其中，根据本发明的方法应可被执行，而物体及尤其是识别装置没有损坏危险，及其中具有按照本发明方法固定的物体的对象尤其应适合用于无需非常谨慎及在恶劣的气候条件下的操作。此外，根据本发明的方法应可被简单地、尤其是无需对对象表面特殊准备地并且借助简单的辅助装置地执行并且它应例如也可被用于市场上常见的识别载体，例如以已知的识别铭牌的形式。
该任务通过如在独立权利要求中定义的方法及装置来解决。
根据本发明的方法基于热塑性材料在多孔的、纤维质的或其它适合地结构化对象表面中通过挤压热塑性材料在该表面上的锚定及热塑性材料的局部熔化，尤其是在那里在将该材料挤压到对象表面上的地方这样地使液化材料通过压紧力被压入到多孔的或纤维质的对象表面结构中，在那里当该材料重新凝固时，在该表面中形成了形状配合及必要时附加地形成了材料配合的锚定。为了液化热塑性材料优选对该材料施加机械振动（例如超声波）。这样的方法原理例如被在出版文献WO96/01377和WO98/42988中说明。但是也可能的是，为了液化热塑性材料，有目的地（电或通过电磁波、尤其是激光的吸收地）加热用于挤压的固定工具或者通过产生涡流，用于液化，对此热塑性材料配备有适当的填料。
在根据本发明的方法中使用固定薄膜，所述薄膜至少在边缘区域中具有热塑性塑料，该热塑性塑料尤其是可通过机械振动（例如超声波）来液化，其中，固定薄膜在简单的辅助装置的意义上有利地具有恒定的厚度，使得它例如可从卷筒地开始处理。所述固定薄膜在此本身可以是待固定的物体（集成在固定薄膜中的物体），也就是说例如它本身是识别载体并且作为识别装置具有印上的或以其它方式施加上的条码或其它适当的标记或者配备有印上的天线和RFID芯片的组合（例如施加到薄膜表面或者被包括在两个层压薄膜部分之间）。另一方面，该固定薄膜也可以是中性的并且被用于固定一个单独的物体、例如一个单独的识别载体。
上述固定薄膜被定位在多孔的或者纤维质的对象表面上。在此，设置（例如印上或粘上）在薄膜一侧上的标记（例如识别装置）指向对象表面或者单独的物体（例如识别载体）定位在固定薄膜与对象表面之间或者在两个固定薄膜之间。固定薄膜借助于装备用于挤压固定薄膜及输入液化能量的固定工具被局部地压紧到对象表面上并且至少部分地液化，其中，固定工具例如是一个振动工具（例如超声波装置的超声波发生器）。挤压和液化在此被局部地限制在一个线状区域中，该线状区域至少部分地围绕着待固定的物体延伸。为此，固定工具在其远侧端部上具有一个线状的、至少部分地围绕中心区域延伸的、例如自身封闭的型廓，其中，该型廓和该中心区域被这样地构造，使得在施加压力和振动到固定薄膜上时，仅仅型廓与固定薄膜形成接触。例如自身封闭的型廓或由该型廓围成的中心区域的形状与待固定的物体的形状或施加到固定薄膜上的标记相匹配，使得工具轮廓可围绕着物体或标记定位，其中，固定薄膜至少部分地延伸，有利地伸展到各处，直到型廓的外棱边为止。
通过输入例如振动形式的液化能量，固定薄膜被在工具型廓的区域中、即至少部分地围绕一个单独物体或一个施加到固定薄膜上的标记地挤压到对象表面上，由此热塑性材料在该（边缘）区域中至少部分地液化并被压到对象表面中，而固定薄膜在定位固定薄膜的物体或标记的中心区域中既不受到挤压压力的影响也不受到液化能量的影响并且由此保持不变、尤其是保持不被损坏。
优选地，固定工具的型廓作为最外部的（距离中心区域最远处的）元件具有一个切割棱边或者设置成一排的切割齿和一个在切割棱边或切割齿排内环绕的、具有挤压面的挤压区域，其中，切割棱边或切割齿在远侧突出于挤压面并且尤其是用于分离或至少冲孔固定薄膜，而挤压面尤其是用于在对象表面中锚定固定薄膜。根据对象表面的材料及根据将固定薄膜固定到表面上的要求，仅仅具有切割棱边或切割齿的工具型廓也可以是够用的，其中，尤其是切割棱边或切割齿的内齿面被用作挤压面。具有切割棱边或具有足够密地并排设置的切割齿的工具型廓允许加工任意形状和大小的固定薄膜，而不会在固定之后使在锚定线之外或在工具型廓之外的薄膜部分在一侧粘附在对象表面上地伸出超过所述对象表面，在那里这些部分可能是所不希望的破坏固定的作用点。此外，具有切割棱边或相应设置的切割齿的工具型廓可以实现从卷筒加工近似无限的薄膜带，而不需为此设置一些另外的用于从卷筒分离离散的薄膜段的装置部件。必要时有利的可以是，用于简化分离的这样的薄膜带以预冲孔的形式被输入给固定进程。为了用其型廓或多或少地精确匹配薄膜段的工具加工预成形的薄膜段，也可使用无切割齿的工具型廓。
根据本发明的方法固定在对象上的识别装置，当它本身设置在固定薄膜上或中或者设置在单独的载体上或中时，至少在一侧通过固定薄膜及通过其在对象表面的材料中的锚定不仅被良好地固定，而且当固定环绕地围绕着识别装置延伸时也可良好地防护外界影响，因为该锚定在对象表面与固定薄膜之间以及必要时也在两个上下重叠设置的固定薄膜之间不仅是机械固定而且也是密封的封闭。
根据本发明的方法显然不仅允许将识别载体固定到由多孔的或纤维质的材料制成的对象表面上，而且允许相同地固定其它的基本上扁平的物体，所述物体本身是固定薄膜或者是一些单独的借助固定薄膜固定在对象表面上的物体。这些其它的物体例如是具有与识别功能不同的铭牌（例如标价牌、具有光学或电子数据的型号牌、包装附加说明书或其它包装附加物件、例如CD），其中，这些物体也可被固定在例如由木屑或未涂层的纸板制成的包装外侧面上。
同样适合用于根据本发明方法的对象表面例如由砖、沸石、金属泡沫或由陶瓷泡沫（例如玻璃、绝缘材料、熔体过滤器）制成。
根据本发明的装置尤其是具有固定工具，该固定工具在其远侧端面上具有在上面已经进一步说明的型廓并且该工具被以本身公知的方式方法配备用于输入液化能量到该型廓中并且用于耦合到能量源。对于待固定的物体的不同形状及具有不同特性的对象表面，固定工具被设置相应匹配的型廓。近侧的工具端部例如以本身公知的方式被配备用于耦联到一个振动源（例如必要时具有放大器的超声波发生器），其中，工具和耦联装置被配备用于尽可能无损失地将振动传递到远侧的工具端部上、即传递到工具型廓中。
根据本发明的装置可包括能量源（例如振动源），尤其是当工具或工具的一部分固定地连接所述源时。此外，该装置可具有用于输送近似无限的薄膜材料及必要时具有运走分离开的薄膜材料的装置。
用于执行根据本发明方法的套装工具尤其是具有固定工具和固定薄膜，其中固定薄膜的尺寸匹配工具型廓的尺寸。此外，该套装工具可具有能量源（例如振动源）和多个具有不同工具型廓的固定工具，其中这样的套装工具的所有固定工具具有相同配备的近侧端部。
基本上所有的热塑性材料薄膜都适用于根据本发明的方法，尤其是例如由ABS、PVC或Xyrocoll制成的薄膜，其中，固定薄膜有利地不薄于约0.8mm及尤其是当它也应通过该方法分开时不厚于3至4mm，其中固定工具被这样装备，使得该型廓伸出超过中心区域至少待加工薄膜的厚度。对于固定与固定薄膜分开的物体特别适用一种柔性的及必要时稍微有弹性的固定薄膜或横向于其面膨胀地热变形的薄膜。
根据本发明的方法相对已知的用于将识别载体固定在由多孔的或纤维质材料、例如由木材或类似木质的材料制成的对象上的固定方法相比的优点在于，所引起的固定尤其是在它环绕地围绕着固定物体延伸时也是一种防潮湿及其它环境影响的环绕密封，并且借助具有两个固定薄膜及设置在它们之间的识别装置的实施形式也可得到一个相对对象不透气地密封的容器。另一个优点在于，尤其是借助固定薄膜不仅在对象表面中锚定而且也被分开的实施形式，该固定涉及固定的薄膜段的最外侧边缘，使得不形成可在其上在固定薄膜及对象表面之间嵌接的作用点，这使得破坏固定更容易。此外，根据本发明的方法的优点在于，用一个单独的固定薄膜固定的物体仅在边缘区域中或者根本不与固定薄膜连接，也就是说，两个元件并不通过层压彼此连接。
附图说明
借助附图更详细描述了根据本发明的方法和装置。在此示出：
图1：用于执行根据本发明方法的示例性工具；
图2：借助于根据图1的工具和两个固定薄膜固定一个单独的识别载体；
图3：借助于根据图1的工具和一个固定薄膜固定一个单独的识别载体；
图4：借助于根据图1的工具固定也用作为固定薄膜的识别载体；
图5至7：工具型廓的示例性实施形式；
图8：用于根据图2连续地执行所述方法的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了固定工具1的远侧部件，该部件适合用于执行根据本发明的方法。工具1作为最远侧区域（在图1中向上地指向）具有自身封闭环绕的型廓2，该型廓环绕地包围一个中心区域3。该型廓2例如被设置在工具基座5的远侧面4上，其中远侧面4可不仅具有在型廓2内的中心区域而且具有在该型廓2之外的周围区域，并且其中该型廓2必须至少伸出超过该远侧的基座面待加工的固定薄膜的厚度。如点划线所示出地，工具也可以管状地、也就是基本上无工具基座5地构造。
工具型廓可如图1中示出地不间断地环绕地围绕着中心区域延伸，但是它也可规律地或不规律地中断或者可以其它方式仅仅部分地围绕该中心区域延伸。
通常由工具型廓定义的中心面以及远侧的基座面4也是平的。但是，这并不是根据本发明方法的条件，因为为了将物体固定到不平的对象表面上，至少应使由工具型廓定义的内部的面与对象表面的曲率相匹配。
工具1例如由一种金属、例如由不锈钢制成。
图2示出了一个根据本发明方法的示例性实施形式，根据该方法，一个单独的物体、例如一个装备有天线和RFID芯片的识别载体10被以平的薄片形式固定在对象11上。该图在左侧示出了识别载体10和两个用于固定载体的固定薄膜12和12’，其中，识别载体10为了固定被设置在两个固定薄膜12和12’之间，及两个固定薄膜优选地、如示出地那样、是薄膜带的部分并且从卷筒被输入，但是也可以是离散的薄膜段。在图2的右侧示出了具有固定在其上的识别载体10的对象11，并且薄膜剩余部12.1和12.1’被从那些用于固定识别载体10的薄膜区域12.2和12.2’中冲裁出。两个薄膜段12.2和12.2’被环绕地围绕着识别载体10地锚定（锚定线13）在对象表面中并且彼此连接，使得它们共同形成一个用于识别载体10的密封容器。
两个在根据图2的方法中使用的固定薄膜12和12’可具有同一或不同的热塑性塑料或者由其制成，其中可这样地选择不同的热塑性塑料，使得它们可彼此焊接。也可采用仅在一个区域中具有热塑性塑料的薄膜，在该区域中薄膜可被锚定在对象表面中，也就是说在一个工具型廓作用于其的区域中。也可能的是，在图2中示出的方法被如下地变化，使得识别载体10并不作为离散的物体而同样作为多个识别载体的带状复合结构来使用，其中于是通过工具型廓并不仅仅从固定薄膜中而且也从带状复合结构中冲裁出一些区域（参见图8和相应的说明）。
图3和4以与图2相同的示出方式示出了根据本发明方法的另一些实施形式，其中，根据图3仅仅采用一个固定薄膜12及（单独的）识别载体10被定位在对象表面与固定薄膜12之间，及其中根据图4识别载体本身是固定薄膜（10/12），即不采用单独的固定薄膜。在根据图3的方法中，识别载体的表面标记有利地背离对象表面地指向，在根据图4的方法中则有利地朝向对象表面。
所有与图2说明的方法变型及有利构型相关的也可以适当的方式匹配地应用于根据图3和4的方法中。
根据图2和3的方法尤其是适合用于加工具有印上的标记或者天线结合装上的集成电路的薄膜带，如其以公知方式被制造用于完全不同的应用情况，其中，所述薄膜是非常薄的（例如0.1至0.2mm）并且对于识别装置既不能提供足够的保护也不具有足够的热塑性材料用于令人满意地锚定在对象表面中。这些功能随后被单独的固定薄膜承担，这些固定薄膜有利地为0.8至4mm厚。
图5至7以横截面示出了不同的适合用于根据本发明方法的工具型廓2，其中，远侧端部向下地指向及其中型廓2分别示出了设置在右侧的中心区域和设置在左侧的周围区域。
根据图5的工具型廓突出于工具基座5并且在其外侧面上具有一个切割棱边20及在该切割棱边内及紧接着该切割棱边处具有一个挤压面21，其中，该挤压面具有一个紧接着切割棱边的凸出区域21.1和一个紧接着该凸出区域的凹陷区域21.2。切割棱边20具有有利地小于60°、有利地在20至40°之间的切割角α，并且该挤压面伸出超过至少0.5mm。在远侧的基座面4与切割棱边20之间的距离比待加工薄膜的厚度或者待加工薄膜的厚度的和至少大0.5mm。挤压面21的总宽度例如为2mm。
借助于根据图5的工具型廓完成的固定薄膜的锚定被在挤压面21的区域中压制成（尤其是在挤压面的凸出区域的范围内）并且在切割棱边20的内侧面区域中较弱地压制成，其中切割棱边20可在对象表面中留下一个肉眼可见的沟槽及其中固定薄膜在该区域中被整齐地截断。
根据图6的工具型廓2如根据图5的工具型廓2那样具有切割棱边20和设置在该切割棱边20内的挤压面21，其中挤压面基本上是平的。
图7示出了工具型廓2，该工具型廓代替切割棱边具有一排切割齿22及不具有单独的挤压面，其中切割齿22的齿面作为挤压面起作用。根据在切割齿22之间的间距，这些切割齿与切割棱边相同地作为分离装置用于分离固定薄膜。在切割齿22之间的间距较大时，这些切割齿仅可冲孔该固定薄膜，但是这样必要时通过事后的力作用仍然可导致固定薄膜的完全分离。在任意情况下在切割齿22的齿面区域中的薄膜被锚定在物体表面中，前提条件是，工具型廓、对象表面及挤压力这样地彼此协调一致，使得切割齿借助于挤压力被压入到对象表面材料中。在此，在较陡的齿面区域中可期待比在不太陡的齿面区域中更弱的锚定，这当然也适用于切割棱边的齿面。必要时也可使用较钝的切割棱边或切割齿，以便仅仅锚定相应的无分离或冲孔的固定薄膜。
图8非常示意性地示出了用于执行根据本发明方法的装置，其中在该方法中与在图2中类似地示出，两个固定薄膜12和12’的带和一个具有设置在其上的离散的识别装置31的薄膜带30例如从卷筒被间歇性地输入给加工部位32。对象11例如横向于薄膜带的输入方向地同样被输入给加工部位32，其中，薄膜带12,12’和30及对象11的输入与工具1的交替运动这样地同步，使得在每一节拍中识别装置31在固定薄膜12和12’的两个区域之间被定位在对象11上并且用工具1固定。从加工部位32输出装备有识别装置31的对象11和冲裁出的薄膜带12.1,12.1’和30.1。
示例：
由ABS、PVC或Xyrocoll制成的、具有1mm、1.2mm或2x1.2mm厚度的固定薄膜用如图5中示出的工具型廓固定到实心的松木（端侧）或胶合木上及冲裁出，如其用于货架木块（Palettenklötze）那样。型廓的周长约为300mm及总的型廓宽度约为3mm。为了固定，使用Telsonic公司的超声波装置（型号：UPS3000，频率：20kHz，功率：4kW，放大器：1:2，在远侧的工具端部上的轴向振幅约60μm），其中固定进程被跟踪控制。为了将薄膜可靠地定位在对象与固定工具之间，采用200至300N（约每mm型廓长度1N）的预加力。随后提高到1300至1800N的挤压力（约每mm型廓长度6N）并且同时开始振动。振动在进给工具时停止，该工具仅仅略大于固定薄膜的厚度，但是肯定小于工具型廓超过工具基座的远侧面的凸起。挤压力在振动中断之后在工具从对象移除之前还保持短暂的时间。整个固定过程在1至5秒内完成。
已证明，预加力和挤压力不仅在型廓长度及型廓宽度方面协调一致而且在对象表面的硬度及在固定薄膜的厚度和熔化特性方面也协调一致。

Claims (15)

1.用于借助于可液化的热塑性塑料和固定工具（1）在由多孔的或纤维质的材料、尤其是由木材或由类似木质的材料制成的对象表面上固定基本上扁平的物体的方法，其中，固定薄膜（12,12’）具有热塑性塑料，其中，所述待固定的物体与固定薄膜（12,12’）分离开或者集成在固定薄膜中，其中，该固定工具（1）具有一个远侧的型廓（2），该型廓线状地匹配物体或匹配固定薄膜地延伸，及被装备用于向该型廓输入适用于局部液化该热塑性塑料的能量，其中，固定薄膜及必要时分开的物体被定位在对象表面上，其中，该工具（1）的型廓（2）被定位在固定薄膜上并且被压到对象表面上及被同时施加所述能量，直到足够量的热塑性塑料通过型廓（2）液化并且渗透到对象表面的材料中，以便将固定薄膜锚定在所述对象表面中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述型廓（2）具有自身封闭的形状。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述型廓（2）在远侧伸出超过工具基座（5）的远侧面（4）或者该工具是管状的并且所述型廓（2）形成该管状工具的远侧端面。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述能量是机械的振动能量。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中，该固定薄膜（12,12’）及必要时物体也通过所述工具（1）的型廓（2）附加地被沿着该型廓（2）分开。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述待固定的物体是与固定薄膜（12,12’）分开的，以及其中固定薄膜（12）定位在物体上方，或一个固定薄膜（12）定位在物体上方及另一个固定薄膜（12’）定位在物体下方。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述待固定的物体是识别载体（10）或者是集成在固定薄膜中的识别装置（31）。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述固定薄膜和/或必要时多个分开的物体以薄膜带的形式以多个固定步骤的顺序在多个对象（11）上固定并且冲裁出。
9.用于执行根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法的固定工具，所述固定工具具有形成最远侧工具区域的、线状地定义中心区域的型廓（2）。
10.根据权利要求9所述的固定工具，其中，所述型廓（2）自身封闭环绕地围绕着该中心区域地延伸。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的固定工具，其中，所述型廓（2）在远侧伸出超过工具基座（5）的远侧面（4）或者所述工具是管状的并且所述型廓（2）形成该管状工具的远侧端面。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的固定工具，其中，所述型廓（2）在外部具有切割棱边（20）或者一排切割齿（22）。
13.根据权利要求12所述的固定工具，其中，在内部紧接着该切割棱边（20）或者紧接着切割齿（22）地设有挤压面（21），及其中所述切割棱边（20）或切割齿（22）在远侧突出于该挤压面（21）。
14.具有根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的固定工具的套装工具，所述套装工具还具有固定薄膜或一些固定薄膜，所述固定薄膜具有至少部分地匹配该固定工具（1）的型廓（2）的尺寸。
15.根据权利要求14所述的套装工具，该套装工具还具有能量源，以及多个固定工具（1），所述固定工具为了耦联到该能量源具有相同配备的近侧端部和在远侧端部上的不同型廓（2）。
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