CN103097842B - 用于分离空气并加热源自空气分离装置的空气气体的方法和一体装置 - Google Patents

用于分离空气并加热源自空气分离装置的空气气体的方法和一体装置 Download PDF

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CN103097842B
CN103097842B CN201180012476.1A CN201180012476A CN103097842B CN 103097842 B CN103097842 B CN 103097842B CN 201180012476 A CN201180012476 A CN 201180012476A CN 103097842 B CN103097842 B CN 103097842B
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R·杜贝蒂尔-格勒尼耶
J-P·特拉尼耶
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于分离空气并加热从所述空气分离获得的气体的一体装置，所述一体装置包括：空气分离装置（9）；热交换器（13，43）；用于向所述热交换器输送所述空气中的所述气体的通道；和用于向所述热交换器输送水的通道，所述水输送通道与水预热交换器（5）或水除气器（27）的进水口或出水口连接。根据本发明，所述预热交换器和/或所述除气器连接到富氧燃烧锅炉（19），以便往来于所述锅炉输送水，所述锅炉还连接到所述分离装置，以便接收富氧气体（17）。

Description

用于分离空气并加热源自空气分离装置的空气气体的方法和一体装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于分离空气并加热源自空气分离装置的空气气体的方法和一体装置。
背景技术
常常需要将空气分离装置的气态产品之一加热到使用温度。特别地，已知：
·使用电或蒸汽加热器来加热来自冷箱的残留氮气，以再生冷箱上游的空气净化单元的吸附剂；
·使用烟道气来预热喷射到富氧燃烧锅炉中的氧气。
使用电力来加热流体意味着浪费“贵”能量，因为热能与电能之间的转换效率充其量不超过50%。
在发电厂中，来自蒸汽循环的渗出蒸汽可以引起显著的发电损失。
从热力学的观点来看，在图1中，可以看出在横坐标轴上表示热交换E并在纵坐标轴上表示用于使用蒸汽V加热残留氮气WN2的温度T的交换图在热端收缩（pincé），而在冷端具有高△T。即使从蒸汽冷凝物回收热量（于是在冷端将存在较低的△T），交换图也将保持整体大幅展开（即曲线之间的面积保持很大，这表示高熵损失）。
在“富氧燃烧”型发电厂中，为了预热输送到富氧燃烧工艺的氧气：
·可以使用来自锅炉的烟道气；
·可以通过在空气分离装置的压缩机的出口处回收热量来提高设备的总体效率。
在后一种情形中，可以使用气体/气体（空气/O2）交换器，但这是一件很大的设备，该设备需要大的交换区域，同时具有很低的头部损失。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是找到以低成本并在基本上恒定的温度下加热从而实现用于加热空气气体的有效热交换的手段。
根据本发明的一个特征，提供了一种用于分离空气并加热从空气分离获得的空气气体的一体装置，该一体装置包括：空气分离装置；热交换器；用于向热交换器输送空气中的气体的管道；以及用于向热交换器输送水的管道，用于输送水的管道与水预热交换器或水除气器的进水口或出水口连接，预热交换器和/或除气器连接到富氧燃烧锅炉，以便向其输送水并从锅炉接收水，锅炉还连接到分离装置，以便接收富氧气体。
根据可选的其它特征：
-向热交换器输送水的管道与水预热交换器的经预热的水出口或水除气器的经除气的水出口连接；
-空气气体是富含氧气的气体并且管道将热交换器连接到锅炉，以向锅炉输送富含氧气的经加热的气体；
-设有管道，该管道将热交换器与预热交换器的用于要被预热的水的入口连接，以向预热交换器输送已被用来加热空气气体的水，以在预热交换器中加热所述水；
-设有蒸汽供给管道，该蒸汽供给管道在热交换器上游连接到水管，以通过直接喷射到水中或者通过与水间接交换来提高水的温度；
-空气分离装置包括压缩空气供给管道、净化单元和包含蒸馏塔系统的冷箱，用于产生富氮气体的管道将冷箱与净化单元连接，并且热交换器连接到生产管道，以使得富氮气体在净化单元的上游被加热；
-空气分离装置包括压缩空气供给管道、净化单元和包含蒸馏塔系统的冷箱，预热交换器连接到压缩空气供给管道和/或来自冷箱的空气气体管道，以便加热计划用于锅炉的水，并且在适用的情况下连接到除气器；
-所述装置包括用于向除气器输送在预热交换器中预热的水的器件和用于将经预热和除气的水从除气器输送到锅炉的器件。
根据本发明的另一个特征，提供了一种用于分离空气并加热通过空气分离而产生的空气气体的一体方法，其中，空气在空气分离装置中分离，富含氧气的气体从空气分离装置输送到锅炉，来自空气分离装置的空气气体通过与从水预热交换器下游取得的经预热或待预热的呈液体形式的水和/或与来自水除气器的经除气或待除气的呈液体形式的水间接换热而被加热，预热交换器和/或除气器处理往来于富氧燃烧锅炉（19）的水，用来预热空气的水优选处于100°C与200°C之间的温度下。
在适用的情况下：
-用来加热空气气体的水已在预热交换器中被加热并且在适用的情况下在除气器中被除气；
-通往空气分离装置的空气在压缩机中被压缩并且空气通过与来自锅炉的水换热而在预热交换器中被冷却；
-空气在压缩机中被压缩，然后在净化单元中被净化，并且使用已被热交换器中的水加热的来自空气分离装置的氮气使净化单元再生；
-所有在压缩机中被压缩的空气都被输送到空气分离装置；
-在热交换器中冷却的水被送回预热交换器，以在所述预热交换器中预热所述水；
-输送到热交换器的水处于5与20bar（绝对压力）之间的压力下；
-在除气器中被除气的水的至少一部分被直接输送到锅炉。
使用液体形式的水流BFW来加热空气气体的热优势在图2中的交换图中清楚可见，所述交换图在横坐标轴上表示热交换E并在纵坐标轴上表示用于加热残留氮气WN2的温度T，ΔT在整个加热过程中都是均匀的并且较低。
附图说明
将参考附图更详细地描述本发明，图3和4示出了根据本发明的加热装置。
具体实施方式
在图3中，示出了包括压缩机1、交换器5、净化单元6和冷箱9的空气分离装置。在压缩机中压缩的全部空气3通过与往来于被供给氧气17和燃料（未示出）的富氧燃烧锅炉19的呈液体形式的水25换热而在交换器5中被冷却。锅炉产生被回收或处理的烟道气（未示出）。经冷却的空气在净化单元6中被净化而形成经净化的空气7，然后在包含交换器和塔系统的冷箱9中分离。从冷箱产生被输送到富氧燃烧锅炉19的富氧流17和处于例如0°C与30°C之间的常温下的富氮气流11。氮气借助于处于100°C与200°C之间的温度下的呈液体形式的热水流29在间接热交换器13中被加热。热水29在100°C与200°C之间并在5与20bar（绝对压力）之间的压力下进入交换器13，以被冷却到20°C与60°C之间的温度。经加热的氮气15被用来使净化单元5再生。
在100°C与200°C之间的热水29在所示状况下来自水除气器27下游。同样可以从除气器的正上游、用来预热水（并且可以将蒸汽喷射到这种水中以将其温度提高到所需温度）的交换器5下游或该交换器5上游取得水。未被取走以加热氮气的水在高压泵33中被泵送并输送到锅炉。在25°C与60°C之间离开锅炉19的水21在低压力下被泵23泵送，以输送到预热器5。已被用来加热氮气的水作为流35被送回泵23的上游。
在图4中，示出了包括压缩机1、交换器5、净化单元6和冷箱9的空气分离装置。所有在压缩机中被压缩的空气3通过与通往富氧燃烧锅炉19的呈液体形式的水25换热而在交换器5中被冷却。经冷却的空气在净化单元6中被净化而形成净化空气7，然后在包含交换器和塔系统的冷箱9中分离。从冷箱产生被输送到富氧燃烧锅炉19的富氧流17和处于常温下的富氮气流。在0°C与30°C之间的流17在交换器43中借助于热水流29被加热，以将氧气加热到100°C与200°C之间并将水冷却到10°C与30°C之间。介于100°C与200°C之间且处于5与20bar之间的压力下的热水29在所示状况下来自水除气器27的下游。同样可以从除气器的正上游、用来预热水的交换器5下游或该交换器5上游取得水。未被取走以加热氧气的水在高压泵33中被泵送并输送到锅炉。在25°C与60°C之间离开锅炉19的水21在低压力下被泵23泵送，以输送到预热器5。已被用来加热氧气的水作为流35被送回泵23的上游。
本发明的装置不包括燃气涡轮并且所有来自空气分离装置的压缩机的空气都被输送以进行分离。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于分离空气并加热从所述空气分离获得的富氮气体的一体装置，包括：空气分离装置，所述空气分离装置包括压缩空气供给管道、预热交换器(5)、净化单元(6)、和包含蒸馏塔系统的冷箱(9)，所述预热交换器(5)连接到压缩空气供给管道以便加热计划用于富氧燃烧锅炉(19)和当存在时除气器(27)的水，用于产生富氮气体的第一管道(11)将冷箱与净化单元连接；连接到第一管道(11)以使得富氮气体在净化单元的上游被加热的热交换器(13)；和用于向所述热交换器输送水的第二管道，用于向所述热交换器输送水的所述第二管道与预热交换器(5)的进水口或出水口或除气器(27)的进水口或出水口连接；所述装置的特征在于，所述预热交换器和/或所述除气器连接到富氧燃烧锅炉(19)以便向所述富氧燃烧锅炉输送水并从所述富氧燃烧锅炉接收水，所述富氧燃烧锅炉还连接到所述空气分离装置以便接收富氧气体(17)。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，用于向所述热交换器(13)输送水的所述第二管道在所述预热交换器(5)的经预热的水出口处或者在所述除气器(27)的经除气的水出口处。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的装置，包括管道，所述管道将所述热交换器(13)与所述预热交换器(5)的用于待被预热的水的入口连接，以向所述预热交换器输送已被用来加热所述富氮气体的水，以在所述预热交换器中加热所述水。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的装置，包括蒸汽供给管道，所述蒸汽供给管道在所述热交换器(13)的上游连接到所述第二管道，以通过直接喷射到所述水中或者通过与所述水间接交换来提高所述水的温度。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的装置，包括用于向所述除气器(27)输送在所述预热交换器中预热的水的器件和用于将经预热和除气的水从所述除气器输送到所述富氧燃烧锅炉的器件。
6.一种用于分离空气并加热通过空气分离产生的富氮气体的一体方法，其中，通往空气分离装置的空气在压缩机中被压缩，经压缩的空气通过与来自富氧燃烧锅炉的水换热而在预热交换器(5)中被冷却，然后在净化单元中净化，并且使用已被所述热交换器中的水加热的来自空气分离装置的富氮气体使所述净化单元再生，经净化的空气在空气分离装置中分离，富含氧气的气体从所述空气分离装置输送到富氧燃烧锅炉，来自所述空气分离装置的富氮气体通过与从预热交换器(5)上游或下游取得的经预热或待预热的呈液体形式的水间接换热和/或与来自除气器(27)的经除气或待除气的呈液体形式的水间接换热而被加热，所述预热交换器和/或所述除气器处理往来于所述富氧燃烧锅炉(19)的水。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，用来加热所述空气气体的水已在所述预热交换器(5)中被加热并且当存在除气器时在所述除气器(27)中被除气。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其中，所有在所述压缩机中被压缩的空气都被输送到所述空气分离装置。
9.如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其中，在所述热交换器中冷却的水被送回所述预热交换器，以在所述预热交换器中预热所述水。
10.如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其中，被输送到所述热交换器的水(29)处于绝对压力5bar与20bar之间的压力下。
11.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，用来预热所述空气的水处于100℃与200℃之间的温度下。
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