CN103094875A - Solid state power controller based on microcontroller - Google Patents

Solid state power controller based on microcontroller Download PDF

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CN103094875A
CN103094875A CN2012105939089A CN201210593908A CN103094875A CN 103094875 A CN103094875 A CN 103094875A CN 2012105939089 A CN2012105939089 A CN 2012105939089A CN 201210593908 A CN201210593908 A CN 201210593908A CN 103094875 A CN103094875 A CN 103094875A
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microcontroller
current
circuit
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power
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CN103094875B (en
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许传明
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China Aerospace Times Electronics Corp
China Academy of Aerospace Electronics Technology Co Ltd
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China Academy of Aerospace Electronics Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

A solid state power controller based on a microcontroller comprises a signal isolating circuit, an isolating power supply, the microcontroller, an analog-digital (AD) converter, an amplifier, a comparator, a drive circuit, a sense resistor and a power metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). An instantaneous trip protection signal is generated by an instantaneous trip reference voltage through the comparator. A digital current signal inside the microcontroller is formed by a line current signal through the sense resistor, the amplifier and the AD converter. By using the method, the microcontroller is capable of achieving calculation of heat accumulation of line current, generating an inverse time limit trip protection signal under the condition of overload exceeding rated current, driving a power supply line switch to be timely switched off, and playing a role of protecting lines. The solid state power controller based on the microcontroller has a function of heat memory and is capable of monitoring load current and the tripped state.

Description

A kind of solid-state power controller based on microcontroller implementation
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solid-state power controller of microcontroller implementation, belong to power electronics and electrical technology field.
Background technology
The distribution field generally adopts electromagnetic relay or solid state relay to realize switch control, coordinates fuse to realize the line current overload protection.Under overload situations, the fuse thermal accumlation makes himself conductor temperature rising, after reaching fusing point, and the fusing conductor material, open-circuit line plays a protective role.Fusing time depends on the size of circuit overload electric current, and overload current is larger, and fusing speed is faster.After fuse blows, only have by changing intact fuse and could again recover conducting.Solid-state power controller of the present invention is based on the inverse time lag trip protection of microcontroller implementation electronic type, switch can be controlled, the function of fuse protection is integrated, has simultaneously the reset characteristics of conducting again, line status monitoring of trip protection.
Summary of the invention
The technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of solid-state power controller based on microcontroller implementation is provided, have the characteristics of Protection parameters alterability, overload trip protection, greatly improve the validity of system overload protection.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of solid-state power controller based on microcontroller implementation comprises: signal isolation circuit, insulating power supply, microcontroller, AD analog to digital converter, amplifier, comparator, drive circuit, detection resistance and power MOSFET; Insulating power supply produces internal insulation 5V, 10V power supply after receiving outside 5V power supply, is whole controller power supply; The external control order produces isolation signals through signal isolation circuit and delivers to microcontroller, microcontroller is controlled drive circuit according to the control command of isolation signals, drive circuit receives and drives the conducting of conducting order rear drive power MOSFET, line current is through detecting resistance to load, and load obtains distribution; Line current enters respectively comparator and AD analog to digital converter in the ohmically current voltage drop of detection through amplifier conditioning amplification; When load current reached short-circuit condition, the current signal after conditioning caused comparator upset, formed the instantaneous tripping signal, and microcontroller receives after this state switch-off power MOSFET immediately; When the load current overload not yet reaches short-circuit condition, microcontroller receives the current signal after the AD analog-to-digital conversion, the software tripping operation algorithm of microcontroller inside carries out inverse time lag thermal accumlation computing, obtain the heat result, the reference value of described heat result and setting is compared, when reaching the protection limit value, microcontroller output signal is immediately controlled switch-off power MOSFET output by drive circuit; Load current loads on rated value and following, according to control order power ratio control MOSFET output conducting or shutoff; Microcontroller according to load current value size, whether be in tripped condition, indicate corresponding state, externally export through signal isolation circuit;
The operational formula that described software tripping operation algorithm carries out the inverse time lag thermal accumlation is:
V A ( n ) = T T + RC [ I w 2 ( n ) R + RC T V A ( n - 1 ) ]
Wherein: T is the sampling time, and R is the resistance in algorithm model, and C is the electric capacity in algorithm model, V A(n) be the n time thermal accumlation value, I w(n) be the n time sampling circuit electric current.
Described microcontroller can be worked with the bus serial communication mode by Protocol Design; Trip time parameters R in described software program, C can pass through the communication instruction online change, to realize the line power grade of change solid-state power controller.
The present invention is with the advantage that traditional panel switches, fuse are compared:
(1) the present invention realizes that panel switches control, and can the monitoring switch tripped condition, the size of electric current in the monitoring load circuit;
(2) the present invention has realized that software tripping operation algorithm realizes inverse time lag trip protection curve, has fuse inverse time lag trip avoidance function, and can realize according to circumstances that circuit resets, and does not need to change circuit protecting device;
(3) can the online updating microcontroller inner trip protection parameter of the present invention, thus realize the trip protection of different rated current or the renewal of trip time;
(4) the present invention is based on electronic devices and components and microcontroller internal processes, greatly improve trip protection curve accuracy, consistency;
(5) described software tripping operation algorithm is based on current source after line current square to the charging of RC parallel circuits, charging voltage and reference voltage comparison.Can produce trip signal during load overcurrent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is fuse schematic diagram of the prior art;
Fig. 3 realizes the trip circuit theory diagrams of algorithm of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is A point voltage waveform in Fig. 3 under the different loads electric current;
Fig. 5 is inverse time lag tripping operation curve.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes: signal isolation circuit 1, insulating power supply 2, microcontroller 3, AD analog to digital converter 4, amplifier 5, comparator 6, drive circuit 7, detection resistance 8 and power MOSFET 9.
Solid-state power controller control inputs of the present invention and power take-off electrical isolation can realize switch control, status monitoring, overcurrent tripping defencive function.
1, switch control functions.Insulating power supply 2 produces internal insulation 5V, 10V power supply after receiving outside 5V power supply, is whole controller power supply; The external control order produces isolation signals through signal isolation circuit 1 and delivers to microcontroller 3, microcontroller 3 is controlled drive circuit 7 according to the control command of isolation signals, drive circuit 7 receives and drives 9 conductings of conducting order rear drive power MOSFET, line current is through detecting resistance 8 to load, and load 10 obtains distribution.
2, overcurrent tripping defencive function.Line current enters respectively comparator 6 and AD analog to digital converter 4 in the current voltage drop that detects on resistance 8 through amplifier 5 conditioning amplifications; When load 10 electric currents reached short-circuit condition, the current signal after conditioning caused comparator 6 upset, forms the instantaneous tripping signal, and microcontroller 3 receives after these states switch-off power MOSFET9 immediately; When load 10 current overloads not yet reach short-circuit condition, microcontroller 3 receives the current signal after AD analog to digital converter 4, the software tripping operation algorithm of microcontroller 3 inside carries out inverse time lag thermal accumlation computing, obtain the heat result, the reference value of described heat result and setting is compared, when reaching the protection limit value, microcontroller 3 output signal is immediately controlled switch-off power MOSFET9 output by drive circuit 7; To keep tripped condition after load 10 output tripping operations, until by control command, microcontroller is resetted, can be again by control command power ratio control MOSFET9 output conducting.
3, status monitoring function.Status monitoring can be divided into the monitoring of loaded line current status, the monitoring of solid-state power controller output state.The load current status monitoring is in course of normal operation, and microcontroller 3 compares 15% of the output circuit electric current that detects and load current value, surpasses 15% of rated current, state indication low level; Lower than rated current 15%, state indication high level.Can judge that the closed loaded line of switch is whether abnormal or open circuit with this.Because of the loaded line overcurrent, microcontroller 3 is in tripped condition, and microcontroller 3 is exported tripped condition by signal isolation circuit 2 indications.
Microcontroller 3 can be worked with the bus serial communication mode by Protocol Design; Trip time parameters R, C in software tripping operation algorithm can pass through the communication instruction online change, to realize the line power grade of change solid-state power controller.
Inverse time lag of microcontroller of the present invention 3 inside tripping operation theory of algorithm be achieved as follows:
Figure 2 shows that the schematic diagram of fuse of the prior art.Formula (1) is the differential equation of heating conductor power and self temperature.P (t) is heater self power, and a is the intensification coefficient of heating conductor, and b is the coefficient of heat transfer of conductor, and θ (t) is t conductor temperature rise constantly.If conductor self-heating power surpasses heat dissipation capacity, the conductor temperature rise is raise, on the contrary conductor temperature rise decline, until reach heating and heat dissipation balancing.The fever model of fuse and operation principle can use formula (1) to describe, after the current overload temperature rise surpasses fusing point, and the fuse blows protection circuit.
P ( t ) = a dθ ( t ) dt + bθ ( t ) - - - ( 1 )
Figure 3 shows that and realize the trip circuit theory diagrams of algorithm of the present invention.The line electricity flow valuve that operation principle is forms current source output through multiplying, to the charging of RC parallel circuits, equation (2) can be arranged
I w 2 ( t ) = C d V A ( t ) dt + V A ( t ) R - - - ( 2 )
In matching test (1) and formula (2), equation (1), P (t) namely and current squaring
Figure BSA00000834038800043
Be directly proportional.Adjusting resistance R, capacitor C value can make voltage V in formula (2) A(t) the temperature rise θ (t) in analog (1).Timeconstantτ=RC in circuit.Therefore obtain simulating the electronic circuit of fuse temperature rise, work as V A(t) voltage surpasses reference comparison voltages V ref, think that namely temperature rise surpasses the protection point, form trip signal.
Figure 4 shows that different current sources are to the voltage rising waveform of RC parallel circuits charging, i.e. A point voltage rising waveform in Fig. 3 circuit.Current curve 3 and current curve 4 corresponding A point burning voltages do not surpass reference comparison voltages, therefore can not form trip signal.Current curve 1 can surpass reference voltage V with the burning voltage of current curve 2 ref, reach V at the voltage uphill process refNamely form trip signal, disconnect output.
Fig. 5 is different time constant τ=RC and reference voltage V refThe inverse time lag tripping operation waveform that forms, τ 2＞τ 1
Software tripping operation algorithm in microcontroller 3 is realized the function of Fig. 3 circuit, and to equation (2) discretization, sampling time T can get formula (3), solves formula (4).Write software inverse time lag tripping operation program according to equation (4), can realize protecting algorithm.
V A ( n ) R + C V A ( n ) - V A ( n - 1 ) T = I w 2 ( n ) - - - ( 3 )
V A ( n ) = T T + RC [ I w 2 ( n ) R + RC T V A ( n - 1 ) ] - - - ( 4 )
Wherein: T is the sampling time, and R is the resistance in algorithm model, and C is the electric capacity in algorithm model, V A(n) be the n time thermal accumlation value, I w(n) be the n time sampling circuit electric current.
The content that is not described in detail in specification of the present invention belongs to those skilled in the art's known technology.

Claims (2)

1. solid-state power controller based on microcontroller implementation, its feature comprises: signal isolation circuit, insulating power supply, microcontroller, AD analog to digital converter, amplifier, comparator, drive circuit, detection resistance and power MOSFET; Insulating power supply produces internal insulation 5V, 10V power supply after receiving outside 5V power supply, is whole controller power supply; The external control order produces isolation signals through signal isolation circuit and delivers to microcontroller, microcontroller is controlled drive circuit according to the control command of isolation signals, drive circuit receives and drives the conducting of conducting order rear drive power MOSFET, line current is through detecting resistance to load, and load obtains distribution; Line current enters respectively comparator and AD analog to digital converter in the ohmically current voltage drop of detection through amplifier conditioning amplification; When load current reached short-circuit condition, the current signal after conditioning caused comparator upset, formed the instantaneous tripping signal, and microcontroller receives after this state switch-off power MOSFET immediately; When the load current overload not yet reaches short-circuit condition, microcontroller receives the current signal after the AD analog-to-digital conversion, the software tripping operation algorithm of microcontroller inside carries out inverse time lag thermal accumlation computing, obtain the heat result, the reference value of described heat result and setting is compared, when reaching the protection limit value, microcontroller output signal is immediately controlled switch-off power MOSFET output by drive circuit; Load current is at rated value and following, according to control order power ratio control MOSFET output conducting or shutoff; Microcontroller according to load current value size, whether be in tripped condition, indicate corresponding state, externally export through signal isolation circuit;
The operational formula that described software tripping operation algorithm carries out the inverse time lag thermal accumlation is:
V A ( n ) = T T + RC [ I w 2 ( n ) R + RC T V A ( n - 1 ) ]
Wherein: T is the sampling time, and R is the resistance in algorithm model, and C is the electric capacity in algorithm model, V A(n) be the n time thermal accumlation value, I w(n) be the n time sampling circuit electric current.
2. a kind of solid-state power controller based on microcontroller implementation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described microcontroller can be worked with the bus serial communication mode by Protocol Design; Trip time parameters R in described software program, C can pass through the communication instruction online change, to realize the purpose of change solid-state power controller power grade.
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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106597945A (en) * 2016-12-20 2017-04-26 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 Inverse time limit protection solid-state switch
CN107863957A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-03-30 中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司 MOSFET digital quantity output circuits
CN108270204A (en) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-10 天津市中力神盾电子科技有限公司 Power distribution protection system, method, controller switching equipment and distribution system
CN108306252A (en) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-20 矢崎总业株式会社 Control apparatus of semiconductor switch
CN108490848A (en) * 2018-05-17 2018-09-04 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 Electrical equipment and its control method, control device and readable storage medium storing program for executing
CN108803560A (en) * 2018-05-03 2018-11-13 南京航空航天大学 Synthesization DC solid-state power controller and failure decision diagnostic method
CN110247375A (en) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-17 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 A kind of control circuit and control method for new-energy automobile DC-DC overcurrent protection
CN110336245A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-10-15 无锡启腾电子科技有限公司 A kind of control method and device of electrical fuse
CN110380381A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-10-25 无锡启腾电子科技有限公司 A kind of electrical fuse of multiple transmission modes
CN110850198A (en) * 2019-10-25 2020-02-28 天津航空机电有限公司 Capacitive load judgment circuit based on solid-state power controller
CN111525502A (en) * 2020-07-06 2020-08-11 浙江航芯源集成电路科技有限公司 Digital reconfigurable micro magnetic isolation solid relay
CN113342122A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-09-03 上海空间电源研究所 Long-delay all-solid-state power tuner for space
CN113655739A (en) * 2021-07-22 2021-11-16 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 Configurable digital solid-state power distribution system based on FPGA
CN114153165A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-08 天津航空机电有限公司 Control system and method for cooperation of solid-state power controller and secondary protection device
CN114237336A (en) * 2021-11-24 2022-03-25 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 Solid state power controller
CN115276225A (en) * 2022-07-12 2022-11-01 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 Solid-state power distribution circuit
CN116191582A (en) * 2022-09-02 2023-05-30 肇庆小鹏汽车有限公司 Protection circuit, battery pack, vehicle, and control method

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CN201975766U (en) * 2010-12-31 2011-09-14 航天时代电子技术股份有限公司 Large-power direct-current solid power controller with inverse time limit overcurrent protection
CN102570412A (en) * 2011-12-29 2012-07-11 航天时代电子技术股份有限公司 DC solid-state power controller

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CN1667951A (en) * 2005-03-08 2005-09-14 南京航空航天大学 DC solid-state power switch circuit
CN101599628A (en) * 2009-07-10 2009-12-09 西安电子科技大学 Solid-state power controller inverse time over-current protection device based on FPGA
KR100965285B1 (en) * 2009-09-04 2010-06-22 영풍전자(주) Remote solid state power controller
CN201975766U (en) * 2010-12-31 2011-09-14 航天时代电子技术股份有限公司 Large-power direct-current solid power controller with inverse time limit overcurrent protection
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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106597945A (en) * 2016-12-20 2017-04-26 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 Inverse time limit protection solid-state switch
CN108270204A (en) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-10 天津市中力神盾电子科技有限公司 Power distribution protection system, method, controller switching equipment and distribution system
CN108306252A (en) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-20 矢崎总业株式会社 Control apparatus of semiconductor switch
US10742017B2 (en) 2017-01-11 2020-08-11 Yazaki Corporation Semiconductor-switch control device
CN107863957A (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-03-30 中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司 MOSFET digital quantity output circuits
WO2019109623A1 (en) * 2017-12-07 2019-06-13 中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司 Mosfet digital-value output circuit
CN107863957B (en) * 2017-12-07 2019-12-31 中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司 MOSFET digital quantity output circuit
CN108803560A (en) * 2018-05-03 2018-11-13 南京航空航天大学 Synthesization DC solid-state power controller and failure decision diagnostic method
CN108490848B (en) * 2018-05-17 2019-12-20 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 Electric equipment, control method and control device thereof, and readable storage medium
CN108490848A (en) * 2018-05-17 2018-09-04 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 Electrical equipment and its control method, control device and readable storage medium storing program for executing
CN110247375A (en) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-17 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 A kind of control circuit and control method for new-energy automobile DC-DC overcurrent protection
CN110336245A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-10-15 无锡启腾电子科技有限公司 A kind of control method and device of electrical fuse
CN110380381A (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-10-25 无锡启腾电子科技有限公司 A kind of electrical fuse of multiple transmission modes
CN110850198B (en) * 2019-10-25 2022-07-12 天津航空机电有限公司 Capacitive load judgment circuit based on solid-state power controller
CN110850198A (en) * 2019-10-25 2020-02-28 天津航空机电有限公司 Capacitive load judgment circuit based on solid-state power controller
CN111525502A (en) * 2020-07-06 2020-08-11 浙江航芯源集成电路科技有限公司 Digital reconfigurable micro magnetic isolation solid relay
CN113342122A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-09-03 上海空间电源研究所 Long-delay all-solid-state power tuner for space
CN113655739A (en) * 2021-07-22 2021-11-16 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 Configurable digital solid-state power distribution system based on FPGA
CN114153165A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-08 天津航空机电有限公司 Control system and method for cooperation of solid-state power controller and secondary protection device
CN114237336A (en) * 2021-11-24 2022-03-25 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 Solid state power controller
CN115276225A (en) * 2022-07-12 2022-11-01 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 Solid-state power distribution circuit
CN116191582A (en) * 2022-09-02 2023-05-30 肇庆小鹏汽车有限公司 Protection circuit, battery pack, vehicle, and control method

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