CN103090558A - Medium-high temperature solar heat collecting device - Google Patents

Medium-high temperature solar heat collecting device Download PDF

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CN103090558A
CN103090558A CN2013100372828A CN201310037282A CN103090558A CN 103090558 A CN103090558 A CN 103090558A CN 2013100372828 A CN2013100372828 A CN 2013100372828A CN 201310037282 A CN201310037282 A CN 201310037282A CN 103090558 A CN103090558 A CN 103090558A
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rotating disk
heat
spherical
solenoid
high temperature
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CN103090558B (en
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曾令伦
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Abstract

The invention relates to a medium-high temperature solar heat collecting device which mainly comprises a heat-absorbing device, a working medium conveying pipe, a sun tracking system and a working medium heat storage device. The number of the heat-absorbing device is one set or more than one set, and each set comprises a big ball-shaped transmitting mirror, a small ball-shaped transparent absorber and two semi-ball-shaped reflectors. The ball-shaped transmitting mirror is a big ball-shaped frame, a plurality of mini-type Fresnel lenses are arranged on the surface of the ball-shaped transmitting mirror in an inlaying mode, and condensing focus points of the Fresnel lenses are all located inside the small ball-shaped heat absorber in the center of the frame. The two reflectors rotate synchronously with deviation of sun light under the automatic control of a circuit and reflect the light onto the big ball-shaped transmitting mirror. The technology of the Fresnel lenses and the reflectors is mainly utilized to condense the sun light into the heat absorber to heat working medium water, transform the water into high-temperature high-pressure steam and enable the steam input to the heat storage device. A plurality of interfaces are pre-formed in the heat storage device, and therefore steam discharged by other heat absorbers, or furnaces or turbine generators and the like can be absorbed. The medium-high temperature solar heat collecting device has the advantage that the working medium is used as a carrier to store absorbed solar energy as heat energy.

Description

A kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, be widely used in the technical fields such as clean energy resource development, solar light-heat power-generation industry, solar energy diversification utilization.
Background technology
At present, solar thermal collector mainly comprises the types such as flat plate collector, vacuum tube collector, groove type heat collector, tower-type heat collector and dish formula heat collector.Wherein, can be for the high-temperature heat-gathering technology such as slot type, tower and dish formula heat collector that mainly contain of solar energy thermal-power-generating.But slot type, tower and dish formula heat collector, not only need precisely complicatedly to the day tracking system, and needs huge heliostat, speculum etc., and floor space is excessive.As in October, 2012, by the solar light-heat power-generation project of Huaneng Group group independent research, at Sanya, Hainan, gone into operation, utilize solar energy to produce the superheated vapor of 400-450 ℃, but its collecting system take up an area 10000m 2left and right (seeing Polaris photovoltaic net " first line focus live (open) steam formula photo-thermal power generation gone into operation ", issue on November 7th, 2012); In August, 2012, by the electrician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences taken the lead research and development tower type solar energy thermal power generation station, Yanqing debug successfully, can produce 400 ℃ of high-temperature vapours, promote 1.5 megawatt steam turbine generator operations, but system comprises the thermal-arrest tower of 119 meters high, be fan type 100 the huge glass mirrors (heliostat) that distributing on the ground, southern side of tower, 100 square metres, every mirror (is shown in CSTNet news " China's seat of honour solar energy thermal-power-generating is stood firm and determined operation ", reporter Li great Qing, issue on December 14th, 2012).Huge equipment like this, construction cost is high, floor space is wide, is difficult to large-scale promotion application, especially at space, can't apply.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, mainly comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device.Heat sink have 1 cover or 1 the cover more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope (Figure 18), two sides hemispherical mirror (10,11, or 30,31, or 37,38, or 41,42), 1 transparent sphere solar heat absorber (Figure 11) and 1 working medium thermal storage device (Fig. 3).Wherein, large spherical diaphotoscope (Figure 18) is 1 macrotype spherical framework, and lower end is provided with circular hole, is worn to central authorities from the bottom to top by 1 hollow cone body (12, or 50), and is supported fixing by this cone; Some Fresnel lenses of framework ball surface inserting, each Fresnel lens is trapezoidal concave surface (2), the rounded concave surface in the top (1), outside groove faces, towards sunlight, the optically focused focal length is longer, focus all drops in the solar heat absorber (36) of spherical frame central authorities, guarantees that light can gather in heat dump from all directions.Solar heat absorber is 1 small-sized transparent globe (Figure 11), be located at spherical frame central authorities, its housing is double-deck quartzy slope glass, inner-layer thick (176), outer thin (179), intermediate course is vacuum (177), connect liner with some little glass blocks (178) between interlayer, inside and outside shell is connected as a single entity, a suit transparent sphere net (180) on shell; The built-in pintongs shape absorber plate of heat dump (175), an external aqueduct (173), a defeated steam pipeline (182); The upper end section support that heat dump is cut body (12) by 1 hollow cone body is fixing, and two working medium pipelines (6,14) are installed in this cylinder.The working medium thermal storage device is a large-scale hollow circular cylinder (Fig. 3), and internal layer adopts the anti-ceramic water (23) of unique construction, middle level to adopt Stainless Steel Shell (24), the outer insulation material (25) that adopts.In large spherical diaphotoscope periphery, the large-scale hemispherical mirror (11 of one side is installed, or 31, or 38, or 42), the small-sized hemispherical mirror (10 of one side, or 30, or 37, or 41), two-face mirror is with hollow cone body (12, or 50) centered by, face to face, bottom is connected as a single entity, and concave curvatures (29 arranged, or 39) with cone (12, or 50) join, their radius is 2 times of large spherical diaphotoscope (Figure 18) radius, lower end is fixed on an annular rotating disk (45), rotating disk is provided with corner bracket (43, 44) by two-face mirror (41, 42) support, rotating disk (45) can be around rotating shaft (47) rotating 360 degrees.Below the center of carrying small mirrors, a semiclosed rectangle permanent magnet (46, or 52) is articulated under bottom plate of turntable, oral area down, distributes along the rotating disk radius; The rotating disk lower end is supported by a hollow cylindrical rotating shaft (47), and the rotating shaft lower end frame is located on a circular ring type chassis (48), and chassis (48) are erected at again in a large rotating shaft of hollow cylindrical (49), and are provided with fixedly people's rotating shaft of latch.Hollow cone body (50) from the bottom to top, respectively through large rotating shaft (49), annular chassis (48), rotating disk lower rotary shaft (47), annular rotating disk (45), two sides hemispherical mirror (41 under chassis, 42), large spherical diaphotoscope (Figure 18), spherical heat dump (Figure 11) is supported in top.
The solar tracking system design
Chassis area (48, or 53) is a bit larger tham rotating disk area (45, or 51), its on the sunny side edge of a side be fixedly installed a smaller part ball photoreceptor (54).Centered by the Shang Yi center of circle, chassis, some semiclosed rectangular solenoids of radiation profiles (55--69), built-in soft magnetic materials, outward around the copper core wire circle, upward, the permanent magnet on length and rotating disk (46, or 52) is identical for oral area, every solenoidal two oral area can with two oral area vis-a-vis of top permanent magnet (46, or 52).In a side the semi-circumference that faces south, be uniformly distributed 11 solenoids (55--65), article 1, solenoid (55) is parallel to the diameter limit (54) of smaller part ball photoreceptor, as starting point, turn clockwise 18 °, 1 solenoid is set, then turns clockwise 18 °, the 2nd solenoid is set; Like this, turn clockwise 10 18 °, set up 10 solenoids, Sub_clause 11 solenoid (65) is positioned on the same diameter with the 1st solenoid (55); In an in the shade side's semi-circumference, last 1 solenoid of the upper semi-circle of take (being Sub_clause 11) (65) is starting point, set up 4 solenoids, all interval is 36 °, arrives the 1st position (55) after last 1 (the 15th) (69) rotate 36 °.So, around a circle, 15 solenoids are set altogether.Wherein, last 1 (the 15th) solenoid (69) of upper semi-circle 1--10 bar solenoid (55--64) and lower half circle, only be provided with a primary coil; Upper semi-circle last 1 (being Sub_clause 11) (65) and first 3 (i.e. 12--14 bar) solenoids (66--68) of lower half circle, not only be provided with a primary coil, and at 1 secondary coil of the peripheral suit of its primary coil.
Photoreceptor is a smaller part ball shape closed enclosure (Fig. 8).On a hemisphere, 1/6 spheroid along diameter line to spherical aberration, retain 1/3 spheroid.Cut surface is placed in to chassis outward flange (54), its place diameter line is parallel to the 1st solenoid again.The sphere of 1/3 spheroid is arranged on to (54) on chassis edge on the sunny side, and the radius of diameter line left end of take is starting point, and 18 ° of midfeathers arrange 1 shadow shield (71), and smaller part ball shape closed enclosure is separated into to 11 independent cells.Closed enclosure, from the centre of sphere, arranges three layers of hemisphere face (95,83,70) by different radii from inside to outside, and radius progressively increases from inside to outside.On the small sphere of exterior rearview of innermost layer (95), from the bilge redius of left side, 2 photo resistance (96,97) that be arranged in parallel in the 1st cell respectively arrange 1 photo resistance (98--107) in 2--11 cell.On the sphere of intermediate layer (83), 1 Fresnel lens (84--94) respectively is set in 11 cells, outside its groove faces, towards sunlight, designs the focal length of lens, adjust radius distance, lens focus is dropped in this chamber photo resistance (96--107).On the outermost layer sphere (70), on the shell that faces south of 11 airtight cells, a circular light-passing board (72--82) respectively is set.Because sunlight has scattering, and along with the time is offset from east to west, so light-passing board area and it should rationally be set to lens distance, while guaranteeing that sunlight is positioned at a certain light-passing board positive direction, light can be penetrated on these chamber lens, and in the offset amplitude of sunlight (as 18 °), only have the lens in this chamber can effectively be subject to slanting, just penetrate the light irradiation, and by light-ray condensing to this chamber photo resistance, and though other chamber has the light oblique fire to be shining into, because angle too tiltedly can only impinge upon on shadow shield, shine less than on lens; Along with sunlight continues skew from left to right, front is subject to sunlit cell lens, photo resistance, and because the light skew enters blind area, light focuses in next cell, by its lens lighting, activates its photo resistance.Like this, in the sunlight migration process, 11 cells are exposed to sunlight from left to right in turn, but only have all the time a Fresnel lens in cell effectively to be irradiated, thereby only have a photo resistance to be activated.In first cell of left side, the sunlight scioptics can irradiate 2 photo resistance that are set up in parallel (96,97) to activate simultaneously.
Two-face mirror (41,42) is arranged on (45) on rotating disk, by a set of automatic control circuit (as Fig. 9, Figure 10), around sunlight, is offset clockwise synchronous rotary.When morning, the sun comes up in the east, take the 1st, photoreceptor left side cell as starting point (in Fig. 8 72,84), wherein 1-2 photo resistance R g1-2(97 or 110) illuminated rear resistance value is fallen suddenly, in homophase input ratio amplifier circuit (Fig. 9), and input voltage U r1(116) raise, and output voltage U 01=U r1(1+R f1/ R 11).(in Fig. 9,116 mean U r1, 120 mean U 01, 117 mean R f1, 114 mean R 11).So output voltage U 01(120) increase, and be exaggerated multiple (with reference to " electrotechnics " volume two 199-201 page, electrotechnics teaching and research room of Zhejiang University compiles, Luo Shouxin chief editor, Higher Education Publishing House's printing in February nineteen ninety).Output voltage U 01(120) after raising, through resistance R 15(122), solenoid T r1(123) export than the strong dc electricity solenoid T r1(123) produce stronger magnetic force, attract rotating disk lower end permanent magnet (46, or 52), driven by rotary disc two-face mirror (10, 11, or 30, 31, or 37, 38, or 41, 42) clockwise rotate an angle (Fig. 6 by a left side, Fig. 7), make large-scale speculum (11, or 31. or 38, or 42) concave surface is over against sunlight, make small mirrors (10, or 30, or 37, or 41) before concave surface, face upward, tiltedly to sunlight, guarantee that sunlight can be from the spherical diaphotoscope of front illuminated, can be reflexed in the shade of spherical diaphotoscope by two-face mirror again, make that spherical diaphotoscope is comprehensive exposes to sunlight.Along with sunlight is offset from east to west, the photo resistance R of the 1st cell g1-2(97 or 110) enter blind area, and its resistance value increases suddenly, make the input voltage U of (Fig. 9) in homophase input ratio amplifier circuit r1(116) descend, output voltage U 01(120) greatly descend, solenoid T flows through thereupon r1(123) direct current also drops to zero, and solenoid loses magnetic force, no longer attracts permanent magnet, and the induced-current of its outage moment generation is along resistance R 15(122)--capacitor C 1(121)--solenoid T r1(123) form loop; The photo resistance R of while the 2nd cell g2(98, or 125) then illuminated, resistance value is fallen suddenly, its input voltage U r2increase output voltage U 02also increase, put people's multiple, and along electric positive R 25, solenoid T r2(126) export than the strong dc electricity solenoid T r2(126) produce stronger magnetic force, attract the permanent magnet rotation of rotating disk lower end, rotating disk drives again two-face mirror by the left side angle (18 °) (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) that turns clockwise.So circulation is gone down, along with progressively skew from east to west of the sun, photo resistance (Fig. 8) in photoreceptor in 1--11 cell is irradiated and is activated one by one respectively, another one is cooling, the homophase that is attached thereto input proportional amplifier respectively between or output HIGH voltage, heavy current, make on chassis between 1--11 bar solenoid or produce high-intensity magnetic field, attracting rotating disk lower end permanent magnet, generation rotatablely moves.
When the sun soon western lower time, photoreceptor rightmost cell (Room the 11st) (82) is shining into the setting sun, o.11 photo resistance R g11(107 or 127) are illuminated, resistance value is fallen suddenly, and its homophase input ratio amplifier output voltage raises, and solenoid T flows through r11(128) primary current strengthens, and produces stronger magnetic force, attracts permanent magnet (46 or 52), is sleeved on the peripheral secondary coil (129) of primary coil (128) and produces electromagnetic induction (as Fig. 9), and its induced-current is by diode D 11(130), IGCT T 12(142) blocking-up, can only be along solenoid T r12(145), resistance R 125(144)--capacitor C 12(143) inject ground.After the setting sun lands fully, enter the cycle stage at night, o.11 photo resistance R g11(107 or 127) enter blind area, resistance value increases suddenly, and output voltage falls suddenly, and solenoid T flows through r11(128) electric current is down to suddenly zero, solenoid primary coil (128) loses magnetic force, no longer attracts permanent magnet (46 or 52), but the secondary coil (129) be sleeved on primary coil (128) produces electromagnetic induction, and its induced-current is through diode D 11(130) inject two IGCT T after 11(138), T 12(142) the control utmost point, the electrothermal relay R before be connected with these two IGCTs t1(132), homophase input proportional amplifier is in connected state, but because of the circulation of transistor blocking no current, so IGCT T 11(138) be subject to forward voltage, once be applied in conducting rapidly after trigger current, IGCT T 12(142) also be subject to immediately forward voltage, be subject to also conducting rapidly after trigger current, so produce input voltage U at input i12(140), output high voltage U after homophase input proportional amplifier 012(141), along IGCT T 12(142), resistance R 125(144), solenoid T r12(145) export than the strong dc electricity solenoid T r12(145) produce stronger magnetic force, attract permanent magnet (46 or 52), rotating disk (45 or 51) drives again two-face mirror (41, the 42) angle (18 °) that turns clockwise.Along with time duration, electrothermal relay R t1(132) after heater element (133) heating, transfer heat to bimetal leaf (135), bimetal leaf is little because of the coefficient of expansion of the lower floor coefficient of expansion large, upper strata, action will upwards bend after being heated, two the circuit contacts (134) that are attached thereto by automatic disconnection, (with reference to " electrotechnics " first volume 329-331 page, compile, the Luo Shouxin chief editor by electrotechnics teaching and research room of Zhejiang University, printing in Higher Education Publishing House February nineteen ninety), electrothermal relay R immediately t1(132), IGCT T 11(138), homophase input proportional amplifier, IGCT T 12(142), solenoid T r12(145 or 149) are de-energized, and solenoid primary coil (145) no longer attracts permanent magnet; But the secondary coil (146 or 149) be sleeved on primary coil (145) produces electromagnetic induction, its induced-current is through diode D 21(150) inject two IGCT T after 21(153), T 22(156) the control utmost point, by they triggering and conducting, export than the strong dc electricity solenoid T r13(157) produce stronger magnetic force, attract permanent magnet (46 or 52), rotating disk (45 or 51) rotates an angle (18 °) thereupon.Along with time duration, electrothermal relay R t2(152) cut off the power supply because of element heating again, produce equally induced-current by next group IGCT T 31(161), T 32(162) triggering and conducting, the output direct current, make solenoid T r14(163) produce stronger magnetic force, attract permanent magnet (46 or 52) rotation.Electrothermal relay R subsequently t3(160) outage again, produce induced-current, by next group IGCT T 41(166), T 42(171) triggering and conducting, the output direct current, make solenoid T r15(69 or 172) produce stronger magnetic force, have attracted permanent magnet (46 or 52), make to be fixed up after angle of rotating disk (45 or 51) deflection, not affected by wind and wave.When morning next day, the sun rose, sunlight is shining into again the 1st, left side cell, through lens (84) by two photo resistance R arranged side by side g1-1(96 or 168), R g1-2(97 or 110) irradiate activation simultaneously, and its resistance value is fallen suddenly.In homophase input ratio amplifier circuit (165), due to 1-1 photo resistance R g1-1(96 or 168) resistance value is fallen suddenly, causes input voltage U r15(169) suddenly fall, thereupon output voltage U 015(169) drop to zero, solenoid R 115(69 or 172) lose electric current and no longer attract permanent magnet (46 or 52); And in the 1st group of homophase input ratio amplifier circuit (109), because photo resistance R g1-2(97 or 110) illuminated activation, make again solenoid T r1(123) produce magnetic force, attract permanent magnet (46 or 52), start new round loop cycle.Like this, white large two-face mirror is rotated with the sunlight skew, and firmly get off after automatic rotation certain angle (144 °) evening, forwards to again morning next day (0 °) on starting line, goes round and begins again, without manually-operated.Owing to having realized the two-face mirror automatic rotation, can make the comprehensive reception solar radiation of solar heat absorber.
Connect many cover heat sinks
Because the high-temperature high-pressure steam that 1 solar heat absorber produces is limited, therefore preset a plurality of interfaces (Fig. 1), can receive the high-temperature high-pressure steam of some cover heat dumps (16) generation simultaneously or receive the boiler steam or receive the high-temperature tail gas that the turbine steam generator is discharged, these high-temperature gases are through one-way high-pressure snifting valve (17, or Figure 16), gas pipeline (14, or Fig. 2), be pressed into thermal storage device (Fig. 3).A large amount of high-temperature high-pressure steams are stored insulation, progressively externally supply.
Calculate the optically focused ratio
Optically focused is than the ratio of facula area on the aperture area that refers to parabolic lens or heliostat group's the gross area and their focal planes, that one of most important parameter of design concentrating solar use device (is shown in online " limit optically focused ratio and the limiting temperature of beam condensing unit ", the neolite work comprises optical concentration ratio, geometric concentrating ratio (seeing online " optically focused is than (Concentration Ratio) "), and wherein geometric concentrating ratio is called the ratio of daylighting area and absorber area.The main computational geometry optically focused ratio of this paper, that is: C=A/a (1)
In formula, C means the optically focused ratio, and A means daylighting area, and a means the absorber area.
For this device, because large spherical diaphotoscope can absorb sunlight from all directions, so daylighting area refers to each diaphotoscope area sum on this sphere, and it can deduct the hole area that framework area occupied, below cone take and obtain by spherome surface is long-pending.The absorber area refers to the actual endotherm area of spherical glass heat dump, can be deducted the breach area that cone takies and be obtained by heat dump ball surface.
Calculate absorber area a (Figure 17): the radius of establishing heat dump is r 0(213); The cone that supports heat dump takies the ball surface for circular, and its radius is r 1(214).Work as r 1<<r 0the time, can think long-pending the approximating with r of breach concave surface on heat dump surface 1the area of a circle for radius.So,
A=S the heat dump table-S the heat dump breach≈ 4 η r 0 2-η r 1 2(2)
Calculate daylighting area A: the radius of establishing whole large spherical diaphotoscope is r 3(216) the hole radius that, the below cone takies is r 2(215).Work as r 2<<r 3the time, can think long-pending the approximating with r of hole concave surface of large spherical diaphotoscope 2the area of a circle for radius.So,
A=S the diaphotoscope table-S the diaphotoscope hole-S framework≈ 4 η r 3 2-η r 2 2-S framework(3)
Large spherical diaphotoscope framework comprises warp moulding, parallel moulding (as Figure 18).Suppose to have 14 warp mouldings (225,226,227,228,229,230,231, mean the front warp, back side warp summary picture).If every through live width d rice, length is 2 η r 3, the area of every warp moulding is 2 η r 3d, 14 warp moulding areas are
S the warp moulding=14 * 2 η r 3d=28 η r 3d (4)
If every parallel is wide is also d rice (as Figure 18, Figure 19), equator wire frame girth is 2 η r 3, its area is 2 η r 3d (5)
Centered by equatorial line, 3 parallels (219,220,221) northwards are set, 3 parallels (222,223,224) are set southwards, are respectively low parallel, equator, high parallel, the girth of the low parallel in two, north and south, equator, high parallel is equal to each other.As shown in figure 19: establish low parallel place radius r 4(233) with centre of sphere angle (236), be 60 °, equator place radius r 5(234) with centre of sphere angle (237), be 30 °, high parallel place radius r 6(235) with centre of sphere angle (238), it is 10 °.:
r 4＝r 3×Sin60°＝0.866r 3；r 5＝r 3×Sin30°＝0.5r 3；r 6＝r 3×Sin10°＝0.17r 3
So: 1 low parallel frame girth 2 η r 4=2 η * 0.866r 3=1.732 η r 3,
Article 1, equator frame girth 2 η r 5=2 η * 0.5r 3=η r 3,
Article 1, high parallel frame girth 2 η r 6=2 η * 0.17r 3=0.34 η r 3
Low parallel frame area is girth * wide=1.732 η r 3d, the low parallel frame area in 2, north and south is 3.464 η r 3d
Equator frame area is girth * wide=η r 3d, 2, north and south equator frame area is 2 η r 3d
High parallel frame area is girth * wide=0.34 η r 3d, the high parallel frame area in 2, north and south is 0.68 η r 3d
Each parallel frame area and be: 1 equatorial line area+2 a low parallel frame area+2 equator frame areas+2 high parallel frame area=8.144 η r 3d (6)
By formula (4), (6), can be obtained: S framework=28 η r 3d+8.144 η r 3d=36.144 η r 3d (7)
Formula (7) substitution (3) can be obtained: A ≈ 4 η r 3 2-η r 2 2-36.144 η r 3d (8)
Formula (2), (8) substitution formula (1) can be obtained:
C＝A/a＝(4ηr 3 2-ηr 2 2-36.144ηr 3d)/(4ηr 0 2-ηr 1 2) (9)
Suppose r 0=1m, r 1=0.1m, r 2=1m, r 3=10m, d=0.03m.The substitution above formula obtains:
C≈97.3 (10)
Calculate heat dump temperature and Endothermic power
With reference to web material " limit optically focused ratio and the limiting temperature of beam condensing unit " (neolite work), known (Figure 20):
Sun per second to the radiant energy of cosmic space emission is
Figure BSA00000850384600041
(11)
In formula, Q sfor sun radiant energy in the unit interval, r (240) is solar radius,
Figure BSA00000850384600042
for Si Difen--the graceful constant of bohr thatch (5.7 * 10 -8w/m 2k 4), T sabsolute temperature 6000K for sun surface.
If the earth is regarded as to the circle (Figure 20) that radius is R around the solar motion track is approximate, sun per second is incident upon the energy on earth surface point A (244) and is
Figure BSA00000850384600043
R in formula (243) is that the earth is made the radius of approximate circular motion around the sun.
If the solar absorptance of heat dump is η 1, the transmission coefficient of heat dump transparent panel is η 2, the solar energy that the heat dump per second absorbs is
Figure BSA00000850384600044
θ in formula (241+242) is the subtended angle of earth surface point A apart from sun both sides, actually be 32 '.
Heat dump also exists the radiation heat loss after absorbing energy as the sun
Figure BSA00000850384600051
The area that in formula, a is heat dump, T aabsolute temperature for the heat dump surface.
If the thermal emissivity of heat dump is ε, its radiation heat loss is
Figure BSA00000850384600052
If the convection current of the useful income of drawing from heat dump, heat dump conduction heat waste and heat dump absorb solar energy Q s → aratio be η 3, have
Q s→a＝Q a+η 3Q s→a(16)
So: (1-η 3) Q s → a=Q a(17)
By formula (13), (15) substitution (17): (1-η 3) η 1η 3aT s 4(Sin θ/2) 2=ε aT a 4(18)
So: T a=T s[(1-η 3) (η 1η 2/ ε) (A/a) (Sin θ/2) 2] 1/4(19)
From above formula, the absorptivity η of heat dump 1higher, the transmission coefficient η of glass plate and lens 2higher, the useful income of heat dump adds the ratio η that convection current conduction heat waste sum and heat dump absorb solar energy 3less, optically focused is larger than C, and the accessible absolute temperature of heat dump is just higher; Otherwise the absolute temperature that heat dump can reach is lower.
For this heat sink, suppose heat dump absorptivity η 1be 0.9, the transmission coefficient η of heat dump glass plate and Fresenl mirror 2be 0.9, the useful income of heat dump adds the ratio η that convection current conduction heat waste sum and heat dump absorb solar energy 3be 0.5, the thermal emissivity ε of heat dump is 0.5.The accessible absolute temperature of heat dump is
T a＝1217K (20)
By formula (8) and (13), the power that can obtain this heat sink absorption solar energy is
Figure BSA00000850384600053
Suppose η 1=0.9, η 2=0.9, r 2=1m, r 3=10m, d=0.03m.The substitution above formula obtains:
Q s→a＝1.58×10 6J/s (22)
Above formula shows, the power that apparatus of the present invention absorb solar energy can reach 1.58 megawatts.
Another calculates solar radiation earth power method:
According to World Meteorological Organization (WMO), within 1981, announce, solar radiation earth constant value is 1367 ± 7 (watts/meter 2), in 1 year, because the variation of the intensity of solar radiation that variation causes of solar distance is no more than 3.4% (seeing " solar energy utilizes pre-test " in Beijing Jiaotong University's thermal conduction study, dynamo-electric 0811 teams and groups person Xu Gang, Luo Jizhu) of above-mentioned value.But therefore value: in the sun 1 second vertical irradiation at the earth's surface;on the face of the globe the energy on 1 square metre be about 1350 (J).That is: Q the solar radiation standard=1.35 * 10 6j/ (m 2.s) (24)
Q s → a=η 1η 2aQ the solar radiation standard(25)
By formula (8), η 1=0.9, η 2=0.9 substitution above formula obtains: Q s → a=1.33 * 10 6j/s (26)
Formula (22) and formula (26) are compared, and the result that two kinds of methods are calculated is more close.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: heat sink schematic diagram
The 1st, circular Fresnel lens, the 2nd, trapezoidal Fresnel lens, the 3rd, transparent sphere net, the 1st, pellet shapes solar heat absorber, the 5th, pintongs shape absorber plate, the 6th, defeated cold water pipes, the 7th, one-way cock, the 8th, scale removing tube valve, the 9th, scale removing tube, the 10th, small-sized hemispherical mirror, the 11st, large-scale hemispherical mirror, the 12nd, the hollow cone body cuts body, the 13rd, filter course, the 11st, water delivery steam pipeline, the 15th, pedestal, the 16th, connect other and respectively overlap the heat sink pipeline, the 17th, the one-way high-pressure snifting valve.
The pellet shapes solar heat absorber is the double glazing spheroid, and intermediate course is vacuum, and some little vitreums of liner are laid a pintongs shape absorber plate in ball, and ball external application transparent sphere net surrounds, and is convenient to strengthen heat dump and bears interior pressure energy power.Large spherical diaphotoscope is a spherical frame, and the above inlays some Fresnel lenses, and that each lens are is trapezoidal, the top is rounded, and that groove faces is outer, towards sunlight, and the optically focused focal length is longer, and focus all drops in heat dump.Large spherical diaphotoscope can converge to light from all directions in the pellet shapes heat dump of the centre of sphere, guarantees that heat dump produces high-temperature vapor.
Fig. 2: water delivery steam pipeline schematic diagram
The 18th, unique construction is prevented ceramic water, the 19th, Stainless Steel Shell, the 20th, insulation material.
For transmitting high-temperature high-pressure steam, and can be incubated.
Fig. 3: thermal storage device schematic diagram
The 21st, the water delivery steam pipeline, the 22nd, one-way cock, the 23rd, unique construction is prevented ceramic water, the 24th, Stainless Steel Shell, the 25th, insulation material shell, the 26th, external defeated steam pipeline, the 27th, valve, the 28th, thermal storage device foot rest.
For storing a large amount of high-temperature high-pressure steams, and can be incubated; By the appendix valve, can externally continue the supplying high temperature steam.
Fig. 4: large spherical diaphotoscope and speculum schematic diagram
The 29th, connect the concave curvatures between speculum and cone, the 30th, small-sized hemispherical mirror, the 31st, large-scale hemispherical mirror, the 32nd, pedestal.
The two sides hemispherical mirror partly closes up large spherical diaphotoscope, is convenient near the sunlight reflected diaphotoscope periphery in diaphotoscope.
Fig. 5: mirror reflects light schematic diagram
The 33rd, the framework of large spherical diaphotoscope, the 34th, trapezoidal concave surface Fresnel lens, the 35th, circular concave surface Fresnel lens, the 36th, pellet shapes heat dump, the 37th, small-sized hemispherical mirror, the 38th, large-scale hemispherical mirror, the 39th, connect the concave curvatures between speculum and cone, the 40th, pedestal.
Large spherical diaphotoscope lower end is provided with circular hole, is worn from the bottom to top to framework central authorities by 1 cone, and is supported fixing by this cone.From figure, the path of direct sunlight, oblique fire, reflection can be found out, at large spherical diaphotoscope sunny slope, a large amount of direct projections, oblique ray gather in centre of sphere heat dump after the sunny slope transmission; And, in the shade of large spherical diaphotoscope, in a large number from the light of peripheral incident, after the reflection of two sides hemispherical mirror, inject in the shade, gather in centre of sphere heat dump.So the light that has from all directions of large spherical diaphotoscope is injected, and finally gathers in centre of sphere heat dump.
Fig. 6: the rotating disk chassis is integrally connected structure chart
The 41st, small-sized hemispherical mirror, the 42nd, large-scale hemispherical mirror, the 43rd, the corner bracket of support small reflector, the 44th, support the corner bracket of large reflective mirror, the 45th, rotating disk, the 46th, be articulated in the semiclosed rectangle permanent magnet of rotating disk lower end, the 47th, hollow cylindrical rotating shaft under rotating disk, the 48th, chassis, the 49th, the large rotating shaft of hollow cylindrical under chassis, the 50th, the hollow cone body cuts body.
The rotating disk chassis connects by rotating shaft, and rotating disk can rotating 360 degrees: chassis is connected with pedestal by large rotating shaft, can be around large rotating shaft rotation, and being provided with latch can fix.
Fig. 7: the rotating disk chassis separates schematic diagram
The 51st, rotating disk; The 52nd, semiclosed rectangle permanent magnet; The 53rd, chassis; The 54th, smaller part ball photoreceptor; 55--64 is respectively the 1--10 solenoid, primary coil of a coiling; 65--68 is respectively the 11--14 solenoid, not only is wound with a primary coil, and is set with a secondary coil on its primary coil; 69 is No. 15 solenoids, primary coil of a coiling.
Rotating disk lower end under small-sized hemispherical mirror, be provided with a semiclosed rectangle permanent magnet along rotating disk radius direction, the oeverall quality of permanent magnet and small-sized hemispherical mirror, be substantially to equate with large-scale hemispherical mirror matter, make center of gravity occupy rotating shaft, keep balance.At the chassis upper surface, be provided with 15 solenoids along radius, two oral areas of solenoid can be corresponding with two oral areas of permanent magnet.The built-in soft magnetic materials of solenoid, produce magnetic field, attract rotating disk lower end permanent magnet after energising, after outage, magnetic field disappears.Because each solenoid is switched on successively, attracted successively rotating disk, make rotating disk progressively rotate down.
Fig. 8: smaller part ball photoreceptor schematic diagram
The 70th, outermost layer shading shell, the 71st, shadow shield, 72--82 is respectively the 1--11 light-passing board, the 83rd, intermediate layer shading spherical frame, 84--94 is respectively the 1--11 Fresnel lens, the 95th, innermost layer shading spherical frame, 96, the 97th, a pair of photo resistance arranged side by side, be numbered R g1-1, R g1-2, 98--107 is respectively the photo resistance in the 2--11 cell, is numbered R g2--R g11.
Photoreceptor is 1/3 spheroid, and appearance is provided with in shading shell, cell and is provided with shadow shield; From the centre of sphere to spherical radiation, 18 °, interval, set up 11 cells separately, and each cell is provided with a light-passing board, a Fresnel lens, a photo resistance.Along with sunlight progressively is offset, on each angle (18 °), only have a front light-passing board can a large amount of sunlight of incident, effectively shine on this cell Fresnel lens, and then by light-ray condensing to this chamber photo resistance.Because light-passing board and Fresnel lens distance is longer, though other non-front loopholes can be slanted through some light, because angle too tiltedly can only shine on shadow shield, according to less than on Fresnel lens in chamber.Therefore, this photoreceptor is very responsive to the positive firing angle degree of sunlight.
Fig. 9: speculum is followed the tracks of the sun skew automatic rotation circuit diagram daytime
The 108th, cathode power supply
Figure BSA00000850384600061
(+), the 109th, receive photo resistance R g1-2signal, control No. 1 integrated circuit of No. 1 solenoid action, the 110th, 1-2 photo resistance R g1-2, the 111st, slide rheostat R p1, the 112nd, first end resistance of slide rheostat R p11, the 113rd, second end resistance of slide rheostat R p12, the 114th, resistance R 11, the 115th, inverting input 1 (-), the 116th, in-phase input end voltage
Figure BSA00000850384600062
(+), the 117th, feedback resistance R f1, the 118th, operational amplifier meets positive source U 00(+), the 119th, operational amplifier meets power cathode U 11(-), the 120th, output end voltage U 01, the 121st, capacitor C 1, the 122nd, resistance R 15, 123 is No. 1 solenoid T r1; The 124th, receive No. 2 photo resistance R g2signal, control No. 2 integrated circuits of No. 2 solenoids action, 125 is No. 2 photo resistance R g2, 126 is No. 2 solenoid T r2; 127 is No. 11 photo resistance R g11, 128 is No. 11 solenoid T r11, the 129th, be sleeved on the secondary coil on solenoid No. 11,130 is No. 1 diode D 11, the 131st, connect No. 1 electrothermal relay, control No. 12 integrated circuits of No. 12 solenoid actions, 132 is No. 1 electrothermal relay R t12, the 133rd, heater element; The 134th, line contacts, the 135th, bimetal leaf, the upper strata coefficient of expansion is little, lower floor's coefficient of expansion is large; The 136th, insulation closed box outer wall, the 137th, Compress Spring, the 138th, 12-1 IGCT T 121, the 139th, inverting input 121 (-), the 140th, in-phase input end voltage
Figure BSA00000850384600071
(+), the 141st, output end voltage U 012, the 142nd, 12-2 IGCT T 122, the 143rd, capacitor C 12, the 144th, resistance R 125, 145 is No. 12 solenoid T r12, the 146th, be sleeved on solenoid T No. 12 r12on secondary coil.
Establish altogether 11 cover integrated circuits, every cover circuit is comprised of a photo resistance, a homophase input proportional amplifier, a solenoid.In figure, the 3rd to 10 cover integrated circuits are omitted, and use ... mean; Below circuit kit (131) is automatic control type rotating circuit at night, i.e. No. 12 integrated circuit.Photo resistance in circuit is the 1--11 photo resistance in photoreceptor, and it produces high-line input voltage after being shined upon resistance decline, amplify, export more high output voltage through amplifier, the output heavy current, make solenoid produce than ferromagnetism, attracts permanent magnet.A secondary coil of suit on last solenoid produces induced-current after its outage in secondary coil, two IGCTs in the next stage integrated circuit is touched logical.
Figure 10: night the automatic control type rotating circuit diagram
The 147th, cathode power supply U dD(+), the 148th, connect No. 1 electrothermal relay, control No. 12 integrated circuits of No. 12 solenoid actions, 149 is No. 12 solenoid T r12, 150 is No. 2 diode D 12.The 151st, connect No. 2 electrothermal relays, control No. 13 integrated circuits of No. 13 solenoid actions, 152 is No. 2 electrothermal relays, the 153rd, 13-1 IGCT T 111, the 154th, the in-phase input end voltage U r13, the 155th, output end voltage U 013, the 156th, 13-2 IGCT T 132, 157 is No. 13 solenoid T r13, the 158th, be sleeved on solenoid T No. 13 r13on secondary coil.The 159th, connect No. 3 electrothermal relays, control No. 14 integrated circuits of No. 14 solenoid actions, 160 is No. 3 electrothermal relays, the 161st, 14-1 IGCT T 111, the 162nd, 14-2 IGCT T 112, 163 is No. 14 solenoid T r14, the 164th, be sleeved on solenoid T No. 14 r14on secondary coil.The 165th, receive photo resistance R g1-1signal, control No. 15 integrated circuits of No. 15 solenoids action, the 166th, 15-1 IGCT
Figure BSA00000850384600072
167 is No. 15 slide rheostats
Figure BSA00000850384600073
the 168th, 1-1 photo resistance R g1-1, the 169th, in-phase input end voltage
Figure BSA00000850384600074
(+), the 170th, output end voltage
Figure BSA00000850384600075
, the 171st, 15-2 IGCT T 132, 172 is No. 15 solenoid T r15.
It establishes 4 cover integrated circuits for automatically controlling night, totally is numbered integrated circuit the 12nd, 13,14, No. 15.Wherein No. 12 integrated circuit (148) is below circuit kit (131) of front.12nd, 13, No. 14 integrated circuits (148,151,159) by an electrothermal relay, homophase input proportional amplifier, two IGCTs, a solenoid forms; No. 15 integrated circuit (165) is comprised of a photo resistance, a homophase input proportional amplifier, two IGCTs, a solenoid.A secondary coil of solenoid suit of previous stage integrated circuit produces induced-current at secondary coil after its outage, two IGCTs in the next stage integrated circuit is touched logical.After No. 15 integrated circuit (165) conducting, can be at long-time output at night high voltage
Figure BSA00000850384600077
170), No. 15 solenoid T r15(172) can produce for a long time magnetic field, thereby attract for a long time permanent magnet motionless; Until when morning next day, the sun rose, because of photo resistance R g1-1(96 or 168) are subject to shine, input voltage
Figure BSA00000850384600078
(169) descend and just cause output voltage
Figure BSA00000850384600079
(170) descend, cause the solenoid outage to lose its reliss, permanent magnet is attracted in the past by No. 1 solenoid (55,123).
Figure 11: spherical solar heat dump profile
The 173rd, defeated cold water pipes, the 174th, one-way cock, the 175th, pintongs shape absorber plate, the 176th, double-deck quartz glass ball internal layer, the 177th, vacuum interlayer, the 178th, the glass blocks of connection liner ectonexine, the 179th, double-deck quartz glass ball shell, the 180th, transparent sphere net, the 181st, filter course, the 182nd, water delivery steam pipeline, the 183rd, scale removing tube road valve, the 184th, scale removing tube road.
Heat dump is the double glazing spheroid, and intermediate course is vacuum, and some little glass blocks of liner, be convenient to reduce heat convection current, conduction loss in ball.The spherical shell ectonexine adopts transparency silica glass, and spherical reticulated adopts the thermostable transparent toughness material, is convenient to printing opacity.The scale removing tube road is for regularly discharging incrustation scale impurity.
Figure 12: pintongs shape absorber plate stereogram
The 185th, semicircle heat absorption lobe, the 186th, circular hole on absorber plate.
Adopt corrosion resistant marmem, matsurface is made on surface, and two circular absorber plates are intersected vertically and are bonded together, and the absorber plate radius is slightly smaller than the heat dump inside radius, and its Lower Half is offered several circular holes.Under low temperature, it is compressed into to little group, sends in spherical heat dump along the mouth of pipe of giving vent to anger, resile after intensification, vertically be put in heat dump after adjustment.Absorber plate is set, can prevents that the light of injecting in heat dump from penetrating away again.Absorber plate can conduct heat in the aqueous water of lower end and steam on every side after heating up.
Figure 13: spherical shell internal check valve door cross-sectional view
The 187th, spherical shell, the 188th, contraction spring, the 189th, the mouth of pipe, the 190th, support, the 191st, rotating shaft, the 192nd, arc cuboid baffle plate, the 193rd, mouthful Zhou Yuanhuan post.
One-way cock is arranged on the goal mouth of pipe, by arc cuboid baffle plate, is made, and the upper end peg is articulated on support by rotating shaft, and the peg lower end is connected with sphere inner wall by contraction spring; Be stained with quartz glass annulus post around the mouth of pipe, the cuboid baffle plate can all block the mouth of pipe and mouthful Zhou Yuanhuan post.While injecting without material in the goal pipeline, the cuboid baffle plate is under the contraction spring effect, the goal mouth of pipe and annulus post can be covered, prevent that in ball, gas, liquid pour in down a chimney into pipeline: when material injects spheroid along pipeline, under the logistics pressure effect, the cuboid baffle plate is opened, and material injects spheroid smoothly, with backboard, again closes.This valve advances only, can not go out, and becomes the unidirectional valve that enters.
Figure 14: filter course three-dimensional structure diagram
The 194th, pore, the 195th, be insoluble in the little sandstone of water.
Filter course is made by the aluminium alloy hollow cylinder, several circular holes are offered in two bottom surfaces, and a large amount of irregular little sandstones (as silica) that are insoluble in water of the inside filling, leave a large amount of aperture air gaps, whole cylinder can just insert outlet pipe, and is blocked by tenon on pipeline.Be mainly used in block water various metals or dirt and pass through, and while preventing the spheroid upset or when weightlessness of space in ball aqueous water directly pour into gas pipeline, but can make the steam osmotic pressure pass through, can also improve the vapor pressure higher limit of heat dump.
Figure 15: defeated steam pipe and spherical heat dump connection diagram
The 196th, filter course, the 197th, movable tenon, the 198th, the pipe thread of giving vent to anger of heat dump, the 199th, ut socket, the 200th, defeated steam pipe thread, the 201st, defeated steam pipe.
The pipeline section of giving vent to anger is made, is connected as a single entity with the glass heat dump by quartz glass, and defeated steam pipe is made by the anti-ceramic water of unique construction, Stainless Steel Shell, insulation material, and middle linkage section is the stainless steel ut socket, covers insulation material outward.Linkage section is connected heat dump with defeated steam pipe, be convenient to cleaning and filtering layer, maintaining pipeline.
Figure 16: one-way high-pressure snifting valve schematic diagram
The 202nd, heat-insulation layer, the 203rd, cylindrical pipe, the 201st, tenon, the 205th, cylindrical piston, the 206th, Compress Spring, the 207th, baffle plate, the 208th, nut, the 209th, bolt, the 210th, spout, the 211st, compressor, the 212nd, cylindrical piston.
One-way high-pressure snifting valve inwall is made by stainless steel, covers insulation material outward, and piston is combined tightly with pipeline.At the beginning of heat absorption, in ball, steam not yet forms high pressure, compressor in closing, piston is in retracted state, two pipeline enclosure spouts are unimpeded.After in heat dump, the water heat absorption heats up and becomes vapor permeates filter course, extrusion piston and Compress Spring, spray into thermal storage device along spout, pipeline: now pass through swivel bolt, adjust Compress Spring tension force, the highest pressure threshold values of regulation and control steam ejection, along with constantly pouring in steam in thermal storage device, air pressure progressively increases, and when the air pressure balance of spout both sides, in heat dump, steam sprays into thermal storage device no longer automatically; Now open compressor, under piston movement, steam in heat dump is pressed into to thermal storage device by force, continue to improve gas pressure intensity in thermal storage device
Figure 17: spherical heat dump annotation figure
The 213rd, spherical heat dump radius r 0, the 214th, cone cuts the concave surface radius of circle r of body and heat dump Surface Contact 1, the 215th, cone cuts the concave surface radius of circle r of body and large spherical diaphotoscope Surface Contact 2, the 216th, the radius of large spherical diaphotoscope r3, the 217th, the common centre of sphere pointed to of large-scale hemispherical mirror and small-sized hemispherical mirror.
After each radius designation of annotation, be convenient to calculate with formula.
Figure 18: large spherical diaphotoscope surface frame diagram
The 218th, equator parallel moulding, the 219th, the low parallel moulding in north, the 220th, northern equator moulding, the 221st, northern high parallel moulding, the 222nd, the low parallel moulding in south, the 223rd, southern equator moulding, the 221st, southern high parallel moulding, 225--231 is front warp moulding, back side warp is picture slightly.
With reference to earth graticule division methods, each framework on large spherical diaphotoscope is numbered, be convenient to Division identification.
Figure 19: large spherical diaphotoscope annotation figure
The 232nd, the equatorial radius r of large spherical diaphotoscope 3, the 233rd, the low parallel circle radius r in north 4, the 234th, northern equator circle radius r 5, the 235th, northern high parallel circle radius r 6, the 236th, the angle of latitude of the low parallel in north, be made as 60 °, the 237th, northern equatorial angle of latitude, be made as 30 °, the 238th, the angle of latitude of northern high parallel, be made as 10 °.
Each parallel of north latitude circle radius, angle of latitude to large spherical diaphotoscope carry out annotation, are convenient to calculate.
Figure 20: lighting device, heat dump and solar radiation graph of a relation on the earth
The 239th, the sun, the 240th, solar radius, 241,242 be all earth surface point to 1/2 of sun the two poles of the earth subtended angle θ (32 '), 16 '; The 243rd, the earth is around the radius R of sun running, the 244th, the daylighting area of earth surface point, the 245th, heat dump area.
Certain some lighting device area, heat dump cartographic represenation of area on the sun, the earth out, are convenient to calculate the power that heat dump absorbs solar energy.
The specific embodiment
Producing device.The one, spherical solar absorber (as Figure 11).Make the double shells hollow ball with quartz glass, the centre of sphere is apart from 1 meter of shell (179) radius, apart from approximately 0.96 meter of inner casing (176) radius, thick approximately 0.01 meter of shell (179), thick approximately 0.02 meter of inner casing (176); Middle vacuum interlayer (177) thick approximately 0.01 meter, the connection glass blocks (178) between interlayer is the concave surface square, thick approximately 0.01 meter, approximately 0.05 meter of the length of side; The interlayer slope glass piece at escape pipe place (181) is larger, the length of side is 0.2 meter, and (see online: quartz glass is the glass of silica one-component, hardness is large, high temperature resistant, the coefficient of expansion is low, resistance to heat shocks, chemical stability and electrical insulation capability are good, can see through ultraviolet ray, visible ray, near infrared ray, divide transparent, opaque two large classes, the quartz glass of gas refining level can tolerate 1100 ℃ of high temperature for a long time, but joins 1100 ℃ of high temperature of quartz glass short time tolerance of molten grade).Adopt the sanding and polishing method, first make two double spherical glass inner casing, shell, its light transmittance is reached more than 90%, use again high-temperature-resistant adhesive, as ZS-1071 high temperature resistant inorganic adhesive (is shown in online: the unorganic glass high-temperature adhesives), these two pairs of hemispherical inner casings, shells have been assembled to rice, liner concave surface square glass piece (178) between interlayer, bondingly the interlayer air is found time after complete, approach vacuum.Cover layer of transparent net (180) in spherical heat dump appearance, 0.02 meter of live width, strengthen heat dump and bear interior pressure energy power, do not affect translucent effect simultaneously.Intend adopting existing thermostable transparent material, as polysulfones (PSU) (is shown in online: Shanghai City Bai Ji trade Co., Ltd, the polysulfones of Su Wei (PSU) has remarkable hydrolytic stability and dimensional stability, heat-resisting chlorine water corrodes, and high tenacity, high endurance and better bear for a long time the hydrostatic stress ability, high transmission rate (90%), its heat deflection temperature is (HDT) 174 ℃, can in quite broad temperature range, maintain its characteristic, long-term serviceability temperature is 160 ℃.The UDEL polysulfones has advantage in the application of many fluid contacts, and successfully replaces the brass product and be applied to the pressurized hot water pipeline and reached more than 10 years).Vertically lay 1 pintongs shape absorber plate (5 in heat dump, or 175, or Figure 12), adopt corrosion resistant marmem, as Cu-Zn-A1.Cu-Zn-S11, Cu-Zn-Si, Cu-Sn, Cu-Zn-Ga, In-Ti, Au-Cu-Zn, NiAl, Fe-Pt, Ti-Ni, Ti-Ni-Pd, Ti-Nb, U-Nb and Fe-Mn-Si etc. (seeing online: " marmem ") make pintongs shape, rough surface, Lower Half is offered several circular holes, at low temperatures it is compressed into to little group, along giving vent to anger, the mouth of pipe is sent into (Figure 11) in spherical heat dump, after intensification, resile, after adjustment, vertically be placed in heat dump.The 2nd, one-way cock (7,22,174, Figure 13).Make curved baffle (Figure 13) or plane baffle plate with quartz glass, divide into contraction spring (188).The 2nd, defeated working medium pipeline.Water-supply-pipe (6,173) is stainless pipe, approximately 0.3 centimetre of thickness of pipe wall, approximately 4 centimetres of overall diameters.Defeated steam pipe (14 or Fig. 2 or 182) is divided into two sections: its escape pipe is made pipe (Figure 15) with quartzy slope glass, approximately 2 centimetres of thicknesss of pipe wall, approximately 14 centimetres of overall diameters; Linkage section is made the sleeve (199) of spiral shell with stainless steel, approximately 2 centimetres of wall thickness, approximately 18 centimetres of overall diameters adopt the mode of bolt and nut rotatable interface to connect; Outside appendix, make double-deck pipe with bi-material, internal layer is the anti-ceramic water of unique construction, skin is Stainless Steel Shell, and the appearance covering insulation material, as composition silicate (magnalium) goods (are shown in online: composition silicate (magnalium) goods, have that thermal conductivity factor is low, good heat insulating, heat resistance be obvious, ability is temperature more than 700 ℃, can be incubated-40 ℃--and 800 ℃), approximately 2 centimetres of appendix wall thickness, approximately 14 centimetres of overall diameters.The 4th, one-way high-pressure snifting valve (as Figure 16).Make cylindrical pipe (203), tenon (204) and piston (205,212) with stainless steel, approximately 2 centimetres of thicknesss of pipe wall, approximately 14 centimetres of pipeline overall diameters; 10 centimetres of piston (205,212) diameters, be about 3 centimetres, combine closely with pipeline, smooth surface; Compress Spring in pipe (206), baffle plate (207), nut (208), bolt (209), compressor (211) connecting rod are all made insulation material (202) the parcel covering for appearance of whole valving with stainless steel.The 5th, large spherical diaphotoscope.Adopt Fresnel lens, made by lucite.Make (1) circular concave surface except the arctic, ball surface, all the other all make trapezoidal concave surface (2), all are embedded in (Fig. 4) on the spheroid framework.The radius of arctic circular Fresnel lens approximates r 1(235) the framework radius r that, is about the large spherical diaphotoscope of 1.7m 3(232) be 10m.The 6th, hemispherical mirror.Be comprised of one side large-scale hemispherical mirror (11 or 31 or 38 or 42), the small-sized hemispherical mirror of one side (10 or 30 or 37 or 41), adopt aluminium alloy to make, the inner surface polishing, have very strong reflectivity.Wherein, large-scale speculum radius is about 2 times of large spherical diaphotoscope radius, is about 20m, and its centre of sphere is positioned at 6 meters, heat dump centre of sphere vertical line upper end (217), approximately 180 ° of its arc length and the centre of sphere (217) angles; Large-scale speculum is included in middle below by large spherical diaphotoscope, make top expose more spaces, be convenient to absorb and flash back the sunlight (as in 31 in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 38), its below is provided with concave curvatures (29 or 39) and joins with cone (12): the small mirrors radius is also 2 times of large spherical diaphotoscope radius, be about 20m, its centre of sphere also is positioned at 6 meters, heat dump centre of sphere vertical line upper end (217), approximately 45 ° of its arc length and the centre of sphere (217) angles, its below is provided with concave curvatures (29 or 39) and joins with cone (12).The 7th, rotating disk (45 or 51).Make annular with stainless steel, for supporting the two sides hemispherical mirror, its exradius is about 5m; Middle open circles radius is a bit larger tham hole radius of circle r 2(215), be about 1.45m.The thick about 0.005m of rotating disk.The 8th, permanent magnet (as 52 in 46 in Fig. 6, Fig. 7).Adopt rectangular loop ferrite material to make a semiclosed rectangle permanent magnet, two brachium all is about 0.05m, and its crossbeam is grown the value that deducts the open circles radius for the rotating disk exradius, is about 3.5m.By the permanent magnet oral area down, be articulated on the radius of rotating disk bottom surface.The 9th, rotating disk lower rotary shaft (as 47 in Fig. 6).Make a hollow cylindrical bearing with stainless steel, turntable mounting can rotate on bearing.In the middle of bearing, be open circles, its inside radius is a bit larger tham the hollow radius of rotating disk, is about 1.5m, the clean thick about 0.1m of rotating shaft, and the bearing top circle radius is about 1.6m, and height is 0.12m.The tenth, chassis (as 48 in Fig. 6,53 in Fig. 7).Adopt stainless steel to make circular, its exradius is greater than the rotating disk exradius, is about 6m, is convenient to, in its edge that faces south, photoreceptor is set; Middle open circles radius approximates rotating disk lower rotary shaft inside radius, is about 1.5m.The thick about 0.006m in chassis.11 is solenoid (as Fig. 7).All use soft magnetic materials (as permalloy or ferroaluminium) to make semiclosed rectangular-shaped as skeleton, above coiling enamel-cover copper core wire, the number of turn is 100 circles approximately.Two brachiums of solenoid all are about 0.05m, and it is long that its straight tube line length equals the permanent magnet crossbeam, is 3.5m, two oral area upwards, can with two oral areas of rotating disk lower end permanent magnet over against.Upper semi-circle is provided with 11 solenoids, 18 °, interval; Lower half circle is provided with 4 solenoids, 36 °, interval; Each solenoid all is distributed in the chassis upper surface along radius.Upper semi-circle 1--10 solenoid (55--64) and No. 4 solenoid of lower half circle (69) only are provided with a primary coil, are wound around 100 circle coils; Upper semi-circle o.11 solenoid (65) and lower half circle 12--14 solenoid (66--68) not only are provided with a primary coil, and, at a secondary coil of its outside suit, are about 300 circles.12 is smaller part ball photoreceptors (as Fig. 8).Aluminium alloy after the employing Darkening process is made 1/3 spheroid framework, sets up from the inside to the outside three layers of spherical frame (95,83,70) separately, establishes 11 cells on sphere, and each locular wall is provided with every auroral poles (71); Respectively be provided with a circular light-passing board (72-82) in outer sphere (70) cell, towards sunlight, respectively be provided with a Fresnel lens (84--94) in middle sphere (83) cell, respectively be provided with a photo resistance (96--107) in innermost layer sphere (95) cell, wherein in first cell, be set up in parallel a pair of photo resistance (96,97).The radius of a ball of internal layer framework is about 0.1m, and the radius of a ball of middle layer frame is about 0.15m, and the optically focused focal length of set Fresnel lens is 0.05m, and the radius of a ball of outermost layer framework is 0.5m.13 is chassis lower rotary shaft (as 49 in Fig. 6).Adopt stainless steel to make a large bearing of hollow cylindrical, sole can rotate on bearing, can be fixed by latch.The hollow radius of this rotating shaft is a bit larger tham chassis open circles radius, is made as 1.6m, the clean thick 0.15m that is about of rotating shaft, and the bearing top circle radius is about 1.75m, and height is 0.1m, as the stent support chassis.14 is that cone cuts body (as 50 in 12 in Fig. 1, Fig. 6).Make cone with stainless steel and cut body, its upper end section is circular concave surface, radius r 1(214) be 0.1m, support spherical heat dump; Bottom is circular flat, flat footpath is 1.422m, be connected whole cone clear height with it and be about 14.22m, from the bottom to top respectively through chassis lower rotary shaft, chassis, rotating disk lower rotary shaft, rotating disk, two sides hemispherical mirror, large spherical diaphotoscope, support spherical heat dump topmost.15 is pedestal (as 40 in 32 in 15 in Fig. 1 or Fig. 4, Fig. 5).Make the square-shaped planar plate with stainless steel, the length of side is greater than cone bottom surface circular diameter, is about 4m, thick about 0.008m.Four jiaos of pedestal lower ends are provided with four pillars, are placed on ground.16 is that speculum is followed the tracks of sun skew automatic rotation circuit (as Fig. 9) daytime.Each photo resistance in photoreceptor of take is signal source, the input of it and homophase input proportional amplifier is joined, and the output of amplifier and a solenoid are joined, and forms a set of integrated circuit.According to same manner, 11 cover integrated circuits are set respectively, receive 11 photo resistance signals (as the 97--107 in Fig. 8, or 110 in Fig. 9,125,127) and control respectively a solenoid action T r1--T r11(as the 55-65 in Fig. 7,123 in Fig. 9,126,128).17 is automatic control type rotating circuit at night (as Fig. 9, Figure 10).An electrothermal relay (132 or 152), an IGCT (138 or 153) are serially connected in to the input (140 or 154) of homophase input proportional amplifier, at the output (141 or 155) of amplifier, are connected in series an IGCT (142 or 156), a solenoid (145 or 157); Take same manner, 3 cover integrated circuits are set respectively.Finally separately establish 1 cover integrated circuit, an IGCT (166), a photo resistance (168) are connected on to the input (169) of homophase input proportional amplifier, at the output (170) of amplifier, are connected in series an IGCT (171), a solenoid (172).In every cover integrated circuit, the control utmost point (138,142 of two IGCTs, 153,156) respectively with the solenoid of previous stage integrated circuit on the secondary coil (129) of (128) join, the induced-current that secondary coil is emitted is through diode (130,150) after, can successively touch logical by two IGCTs (138,142,153,156).18 is one-way high-pressure snifting valves (17, or Fig. 1
Figure BSA00000850384600101
adopt stainless steel to make piston barrel, piston body, appearance is wrapped up with insulation material, as composition silicate (magnalium) goods, one-way high-pressure snifting valve parcel is covered, and strengthens its heat-insulating property.The tail gas that some cover solar energy heat absorbing devices, boiler steam or turbine steam generator are discharged is connected in parallel, through one-way high-pressure snifting valve access thermal storage device.19 is thermal storage device (as Fig. 3).Adopt the anti-ceramic water of unique construction, make inner casing, thick about 0.02m as with silicon nitride or carborundum unique construction pottery, added waterproof material, make hollow circular cylinder, the about 5m of internal layer (23) radius, be about 10m, make shell (24), thick about 0.005m with stainless steel material again, adopt welding method, with copper sheet, inner casing pottery (23) is encapsulated; Use again insulation material, as composition silicate (magnalium) combinations, from periphery, thermal storage device is wrapped up, strengthen its heat-insulating property.
Using method.The one, preparation device.When morning, the sun just rose, artificial swivel base (48), allow it rotate around lower rotary shaft (49), makes the high order end light-passing board (as in Fig. 8 72) of photoreceptor on chassis over against the sun in morning.Give automatic control circuit high-pressure side U dD(108 or 147) input dc power+12V.Thermal storage device is evacuated, shrinks the piston of one-way high-pressure snifting valve, make spout (210) unimpeded, guarantee that each heat dump can spray into high-temperature high-pressure steam in thermal storage device automatically.The 2nd, prepare working medium.By light water, even seawater, contaminated water, carry out cleaning, take the methods such as solar radiation, stirring, filtration, remove other gases and the various suspending sundries that are dissolved in water, measure Acidity of Aikalinity, adding appropriate alkalescence or acidic materials is neutralized, generation is insoluble in the solids of water, and filtration, purification is only retained metal and nonmetallic ion (as K in water again +, Na +, Ga 2+, Ba 2+, Mg 2+, Fe 2+, Fe 3+, Pb 2+, Zn 2+, CL -, CO 3 2-, SO 4 2-, PO 4 3-deng), various mineral microparticle is (as GaCO 3, GaSO 4, BaSO 4, SiO 2, GaSiO 3deng) and the microorganism such as bacterium, virus after, can be used as working-medium water and input each spherical solar absorber (as Fig. 1, Figure 11), heat up and become high-temperature high-pressure steam through heat absorption, metal in water and nonmetallic ion, mineral microparticle aggregate into incrustation scale, various microbial deaths, its corpse and incrustation scale are filtered layer (13 or Figure 14 or 196) to be stopped, finally along the scale removing tube road, discharge (9 or 184).The 3rd, generate high-temperature vapor.During startup, the working-medium water after filtration, purification is injected to the spherical solar absorber (as Fig. 1) respectively overlap energy absorption device, contain to 1/2 to 2/3 volume of lower semisphere and be advisable; By abundant absorption solar energy, regulate one-way high-pressure snifting valve bolt (209), keep suitable pressure, make progressively to become high-temperature vapor after the working-medium water heat absorption, when in ball, pressure is enough high, vapor permeation filter course (13 or 181 or Figure 14 or 196), spray into (Fig. 3) in thermal storage device along appendix (14 or 182), one-way high-pressure snifting valve (as Figure 15), appendix (201); After thermal storage device stores a large amount of high-temperature gases, final appendix and thermal storage device air pressure balance, at this moment start compressor (211), and steam in appendix is pressed in thermal storage device by force, continues to increase the high-temperature vapour reserves.Each overlaps heat dump and all passes through same compression set, and high-temperature vapour is pressed in thermal storage device, improves the gas pressure intensity threshold values; Thermal storage device progressively discharges high pressure high temperature vapor by valve (27) again.When the sun western lower time, solar heat absorber no longer produces high-temperature vapour, closes heat dump appendix valve, enables boiler steam or turbine steam generator tail gas, changes by combustion of fossil fuels supplying high temperature steam.Because the thermal storage device capacity is very large, can store a large amount of high-temperature high-pressure steams greatly in vain, can ensure that day and night partly consumes.The heat energy that thermal storage device stores, mainly rise to high temperature from aqueous water from normal temperature and become the solar energy that steam absorbs.
A set of heat sink of the present invention on the vertical ground direction, the projected area maximum be two sides hemispherical mirror (10,11, or 30,31, or 37,38), the projection of large spherical diaphotoscope (1,2) is wherein overlapping.According to above-mentioned parameter preset, the radius of two large and small hemispherical mirrors is 20 meters, its arc length and the center of circle (217) angle is respectively 180 °, 45 °, the projected area that can obtain large hemispherical mirror is 628 square metres, the projected area of little hemispherical mirror is 313 square metres, add up to 941 square metres, be a set of heat sink upright projection and take up an area maximum area.From formula (20), (22), the absorption solar power of this cover heat dump can reach 1.58 megawatts again, and maximum temperature can reach 1217K.This installs as a whole structure, can motor-drivenly arrange, and with slot type, tower, dish formula heat collector, compares, and small volume, both can be used for ground, can be used for again space, and in space because solar irradiation is stronger, its Endothermic power is also higher.
Specific embodiment has:
Embodiment 1: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror.
Embodiment 2: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror, described large spherical diaphotoscope comprises spherical frame and is embedded in 1 or 1 above Fresnel lens on framework, the framework lower end is provided with circular hole, worn to central authorities from the bottom to top by the hollow cone body, and supported fixing by this cone.
Embodiment 3: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror, described large spherical diaphotoscope comprises spherical frame and is embedded in 1 or 1 above Fresnel lens on framework, the framework lower end is provided with circular hole, worn to central authorities from the bottom to top by the hollow cone body, and supported fixing by this cone; Described Fresnel lens is trapezoidal concave surface, the rounded concave surface in the top, all is embedded on spherical frame, and outside the groove of each Fresnel lens faces, towards sunlight, the optically focused focal length is longer, and focus all drops in the pellet shapes heat dump of spherical frame central authorities.
Embodiment 4: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror; The transparent heat dump of described pellet shapes, make transparent hollow ball with quartz glass, and spherical shell is double-deck quartz glass, inner-layer thick, outer thin, and intermediate course is vacuum some little glass blocks of liner, inside and outside shell is connected as a single entity, outer cover suit transparent sphere net; The built-in pintongs shape of hollow ball absorber plate, external defeated working medium pipeline, lower end is provided with the scale removing tube road; Hollow ball is supported fixing by hollow cone body upper end, defeated working medium pipeline, scale removing tube road are installed in cone.
Embodiment 5: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror; Two-face mirror is corresponding centered by cone, and bottom is connected as a single entity, and has concave curvatures and cone to join, and two-face mirror is partly closed up large-scale spherical diaphotoscope; The two-face mirror lower end is fixed on the annulus rotating disk, by corner bracket on rotating disk, is supported, and can around rotating shaft, rotate with rotating disk.
Embodiment 6: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror: described defeated working medium pipeline comprises defeated cold water pipes and defeated steam pipeline; Defeated cold water pipes is provided with one-way cock in import; Defeated steam pipeline is provided with filter course and one-way high-pressure snifting valve in outlet, and internal layer adopts pottery, middle level to adopt stainless steel, the outer insulation material that adopts.
Embodiment 7: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, the working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, the two sides hemispherical mirror: described solar tracking system comprises the annular rotating disk, be positioned at the rotating shaft under rotating disk, the annular chassis, the spherical photoreceptor of smaller part, the large rotating shaft and the automatic control circuit that are positioned under chassis form, rotating disk, the rotating disk lower rotary shaft, chassis, large rotating shaft under chassis, pedestal from top to bottom is superimposed.
Embodiment 8: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror; Described solar tracking system comprises the annular rotating disk, be positioned at rotating shaft, annular chassis, the spherical photoreceptor of smaller part under rotating disk, large rotating shaft and the automatic control circuit be positioned under chassis forms, and under rotating disk, rotating disk lower rotary shaft, chassis, chassis, large rotating shaft, pedestal from top to bottom are superimposed; The position of described annular rotating disk, below the center of carrying small mirrors, have a semiclosed rectangle permanent magnet to be articulated under bottom plate of turntable, and oral area down, distributes along the rotating disk radius; The center of turntable lower end is by a hollow circular cylinder rotating shaft support, and the rotating shaft lower end is arranged on an annular chassis.
Embodiment 9: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror; Described solar tracking system comprises the annular rotating disk, be positioned at rotating shaft, annular chassis, the spherical photoreceptor of smaller part under rotating disk, large rotating shaft and the automatic control circuit be positioned under chassis forms, and under rotating disk, rotating disk lower rotary shaft, chassis, chassis, large rotating shaft, pedestal from top to bottom are superimposed; Described annular chassis, the Chaoyang one side edge be provided with a spherical photoreceptor of smaller part; Centered by the center of circle, some semiclosed rectangular solenoids of radiation profiles on chassis, built-in soft magnetic materials, outward around the copper core wire circle, upward, crossbeam length is identical with permanent magnet on rotating disk for oral area, two oral areas of solenoid can with two oral areas of top permanent magnet over against; In a side's on the sunny side semi-circumference, be uniformly distributed 11 solenoids, interval 18 degree, from left end is several clockwise, 1 primary coil of front 10 solenoid coilings, 1 primary coil of last 1 solenoid coiling, be set with 1 secondary coil; In an in the shade side's semi-circumference, set up 4 solenoids, interval 36 degree, from right-hand member is several clockwise, 1 primary coil of front 3 solenoid coilings, be set with 1 secondary coil, 1 primary coil of last 1 solenoid coiling.
Embodiment 10: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror, described solar tracking system comprises the annular rotating disk, be positioned at rotating shaft, annular chassis, the spherical photoreceptor of smaller part under rotating disk, large rotating shaft and the automatic control circuit be positioned under chassis forms, and under rotating disk, rotating disk lower rotary shaft, chassis, chassis, large rotating shaft, pedestal from top to bottom are superimposed, described annular chassis, the Chaoyang one side edge be provided with a spherical photoreceptor of smaller part, centered by the center of circle, some semiclosed rectangular solenoids of radiation profiles on chassis, built-in soft magnetic materials, outward around the copper core wire circle, oral area upward, crossbeam length is identical with permanent magnet on rotating disk, two oral areas of solenoid can with two oral areas of top permanent magnet over against: in a side's on the sunny side semi-circumference, be uniformly distributed 11 solenoids, interval 18 degree, from left end is clockwise several, 1 primary coil of front 10 solenoid coilings, 1 primary coil of last 1 solenoid coiling, be set with 1 secondary coil: set up 4 solenoids in an in the shade side's semi-circumference, interval 36 degree, from right-hand member is clockwise several, 1 primary coil of front 3 solenoid coilings, be set with 1 secondary coil, 1 primary coil of last 1 solenoid coiling, the spherical photoreceptor of described smaller part, be a smaller part ball shape closed enclosure, and centered by the centre of sphere, interval 18 degree, respectively be provided with 1 shadow shield radially, and closed enclosure is separated into to 11 cells, closed enclosure, from the centre of sphere, is provided with two layers of hemisphere face from inside to outside, and radius progressively increases, on the small sphere of exterior rearview of innermost layer, 11 cells respectively are provided with 1 photo resistance, and wherein Room the 1st is provided with separately 2 photo resistance, on the sphere of intermediate layer, 11 cells respectively are provided with 1 Fresnel lens, and outside groove faces, towards sunlight, lens focus drops in this chamber photo resistance, on the outermost layer sphere, respectively be provided with 1 circular light-passing board on 11 little chamber enclosures, light-passing board area and spacing arrange suitably, guarantee in the sunlight migration process to only have cell lens and resistance effectively to be irradiated.
Embodiment 11: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, the working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises that 1 large spherical transmission is saturating, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, the two sides hemispherical mirror: described solar tracking system comprises the annular rotating disk, be positioned at the rotating shaft under rotating disk, the annular chassis, the spherical photoreceptor of smaller part, the large rotating shaft and the automatic control circuit that are positioned under chassis form, rotating disk, the rotating disk lower rotary shaft, chassis, large rotating shaft under chassis, pedestal from top to bottom is superimposed, the automatic control circuit of described solar tracking system be divided into speculum follow the tracks of daytime sun skew automatic rotation circuit and night the automatic control type rotating circuit, wherein following the tracks of the sun circuit daytime is connected with 11 photo resistance, 11 solenoids in photoreceptor respectively by 11 homophase input proportional amplifier integrated components, form 11 covers and change the sunlight shifted signal into current signal, touch the circuit of logical solenoid, attraction permanent magnet, the rotation of traction rotating disk speculum after amplifying, last 1 cover circuit passes to the control circuit at night by the current interruptions signal, night, control circuit was connected with 4 homophase input proportional amplifier integrated components, 4 solenoids respectively by 3 electrothermal relays, 1 photo resistance, forming 4 covers utilizes previous stage integrated circuit interrupt signal to start integrated circuit at the corresponding levels, touches the circuit that logical solenoid attracts permanent magnet, the rotation of traction rotating disk speculum, last 1 cover circuit is fixed rotating disk, lost its reliss when next day, received sunlight morning, and rotating disk is transferred and followed the tracks of the sun circuit daytime.
Embodiment 12: a kind of middle high temperature solar heat collecting device, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror; Described working medium thermal storage device is a hollow circular cylinder, and internal layer adopts pottery, middle level to adopt Stainless Steel Shell, the outer insulation material that adopts.
It should be noted that, above-mentioned embodiment is only for the present invention will be described, and it does not play the restriction effect to protection scope of the present invention.As long as adopt the technical program, or any conventional technical scheme of replacing or being out of shape that those of ordinary skills can make will fall into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. high temperature solar heat collecting device in a kind, it is characterized in that, comprise heat sink, defeated working medium pipeline, solar tracking system, working medium thermal storage device, described heat sink have a set of or a set of more than, every cover heat sink comprises 1 large spherical diaphotoscope, 1 transparent heat dump of pellet shapes, two sides hemispherical mirror.
According to claim 1 in the high temperature solar heat collecting device, it is characterized in that, described large spherical diaphotoscope comprises spherical frame and is embedded in 1 or 1 above Fresnel lens on framework, the framework lower end is provided with circular hole, worn to central authorities from the bottom to top by the hollow cone body, and supported fixing by this cone.
According to claim 2 in the high temperature solar heat collecting device, it is characterized in that, described Fresnel lens is trapezoidal concave surface, the rounded concave surface in the top, all be embedded on spherical frame, outside the groove of each Fresnel lens faces, towards sunlight, the optically focused focal length is longer, and focus all drops in the pellet shapes heat dump of spherical frame central authorities.
According to claim 1 in the high temperature solar heat collecting device, it is characterized in that, the transparent heat dump of described pellet shapes, make transparent hollow ball with quartz glass, spherical shell is double-deck quartz glass, inner-layer thick, outer thin, and intermediate course is vacuum some little glass blocks of liner, inside and outside shell is connected as a single entity, outer cover suit transparent sphere net; The built-in pintongs shape of hollow ball absorber plate, external defeated working medium pipeline, lower end is provided with the scale removing tube road; Hollow ball is supported fixing by hollow cone body upper end, defeated working medium pipeline, scale removing tube road are installed in cone.
According to claim 1 in the high temperature solar heat collecting device, it is characterized in that, described two sides hemispherical mirror comprises 1 dough figurine type hemispherical mirror, 1 small-sized hemispherical mirror, two-face mirror is corresponding centered by cone, bottom is connected as a single entity, and having concave curvatures and cone to join, two-face mirror is partly closed up large-scale spherical diaphotoscope; The two-face mirror lower end is fixed on the annulus rotating disk, by corner bracket on rotating disk, is supported, and can around rotating shaft, rotate with rotating disk.
According to claim 1 in the high temperature solar heat collecting device, it is characterized in that, described defeated working medium pipeline comprises defeated cold water pipes and defeated steam pipeline; Defeated cold water pipes is provided with one-way cock in import; Defeated steam pipeline is provided with filter course and one-way high-pressure snifting valve in outlet, and internal layer adopts pottery, middle level to adopt stainless steel, the outer insulation material that adopts.
According to claim 1 in the high temperature solar heat collecting device, it is characterized in that, described solar tracking system comprises the annular rotating disk, be positioned at rotating shaft, annular chassis, the spherical photoreceptor of smaller part under rotating disk, be positioned at large rotating shaft and automatic control circuit under chassis, and under rotating disk, rotating disk lower rotary shaft, chassis, chassis, large rotating shaft, pedestal from top to bottom are superimposed.
According to claim 7 in the high temperature solar heat collecting device, it is characterized in that the position of described annular rotating disk, below the center of carrying small mirrors, have a semiclosed rectangle permanent magnet to be articulated under bottom plate of turntable, oral area down, distributes along the rotating disk radius; The center of turntable lower end is by a hollow circular cylinder rotating shaft support, and the rotating shaft lower end is arranged on a circular ring type chassis.
According to claim 7 in the high temperature solar heat collecting device, it is characterized in that, described annular chassis, the Chaoyang one side edge be provided with a spherical photoreceptor of smaller part; Centered by the center of circle, some semiclosed rectangular solenoids of radiation profiles on chassis, built-in soft magnetic materials, outward around the copper core wire circle, upward, crossbeam length is identical with permanent magnet on rotating disk for oral area, two oral areas of solenoid can with two oral areas of top permanent magnet over against; In a side's on the sunny side semi-circumference, be uniformly distributed 11 solenoids, interval 18 degree, from left end is several clockwise, 1 primary coil of front 10 solenoid coilings, 1 primary coil of last 1 solenoid coiling, be set with 1 secondary coil; In an in the shade side's semi-circumference, set up 4 solenoids, interval 36 degree, from right-hand member is several clockwise, 1 primary coil of front 3 solenoid coilings, be set with 1 secondary coil, 1 primary coil of last 1 solenoid coiling.
According to claim 9 in the high temperature solar heat collecting device, it is characterized in that the spherical photoreceptor of described smaller part, a smaller part ball shape closed enclosure, centered by the centre of sphere, interval 18 degree, respectively be provided with radially 1 shadow shield, closed enclosure is separated into to 11 cells; Closed enclosure, from the centre of sphere, is provided with three layers of hemisphere face from inside to outside, and radius progressively increases; On the small sphere of exterior rearview of innermost layer, 11 cells respectively are provided with 1 photo resistance, and wherein Room the 1st is provided with separately 2 photo resistance; On the sphere of intermediate layer, 11 cells respectively are provided with 1 Fresnel lens, and outside groove faces, towards sunlight, lens focus drops in this chamber photo resistance; On the outermost layer sphere, respectively be provided with 1 circular light-passing board on 11 little chamber enclosures, light-passing board area and spacing arrange suitably, guarantee in the sunlight migration process to only have cell lens and resistance effectively to be irradiated.
11. high temperature solar heat collecting device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the automatic control circuit of described solar tracking system be divided into speculum follow the tracks of daytime sun skew automatic rotation circuit and night the automatic control type rotating circuit; Wherein following the tracks of the sun circuit daytime is connected with 11 photo resistance, 11 solenoids in photoreceptor respectively by 11 homophase input proportional amplifier integrated components, form 11 covers and change the sunlight shifted signal into current signal, touch the circuit of logical solenoid, attraction permanent magnet, the rotation of traction rotating disk speculum after amplifying, last 1 cover circuit passes to the control circuit at night by the current interruptions signal; Night, control circuit was connected with 4 homophase input proportional amplifier integrated components, 4 solenoids respectively by 3 electrothermal relays, 1 photo resistance, forming 4 covers utilizes previous stage integrated circuit interrupt signal to start integrated circuit at the corresponding levels, touches the circuit that logical solenoid attracts permanent magnet, the rotation of traction rotating disk speculum, last 1 cover circuit is fixed rotating disk, lost its reliss when next day, received sunlight morning, and rotating disk is transferred and followed the tracks of the sun circuit daytime.
12. high temperature solar heat collecting device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described working medium thermal storage device is a hollow circular cylinder, internal layer adopts pottery, middle level to adopt Stainless Steel Shell, the outer insulation material that adopts.
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CN103346698A (en) * 2013-07-26 2013-10-09 哈尔滨阳光能源工程有限公司 Spherical photovoltaic power generation device for solar cooker
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CN105318578A (en) * 2015-02-07 2016-02-10 成都奥能普科技有限公司 Solid particle block groove-type solar ejection driven heat-exchange and heat-transmission system
CN105066478A (en) * 2015-08-31 2015-11-18 华南理工大学 Circular-truncated-cone-shaped cavity type solar heat absorber with double-row multiple tubes
CN107192140A (en) * 2017-06-07 2017-09-22 安徽新兴翼凌机电发展有限公司 A kind of novel solar water heater heat collector
CN112413910A (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-02-26 余利强 Solar heat collecting device
CN112413910B (en) * 2020-12-18 2022-05-24 深圳市冠辰新能源科技有限公司 Solar heat collection device
CN114688750A (en) * 2020-12-28 2022-07-01 浙江高晟光热发电技术研究院有限公司 Protection device of tower type solar heat absorber
CN114688750B (en) * 2020-12-28 2023-10-24 浙江高晟光热发电技术研究院有限公司 Protective device of tower type solar heat absorber

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