CN1030889C - 用于牢固地安置一个假牙的颌骨植入物 - Google Patents

用于牢固地安置一个假牙的颌骨植入物 Download PDF

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CN1030889C
CN1030889C CN91109576A CN91109576A CN1030889C CN 1030889 C CN1030889 C CN 1030889C CN 91109576 A CN91109576 A CN 91109576A CN 91109576 A CN91109576 A CN 91109576A CN 1030889 C CN1030889 C CN 1030889C
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implant
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沃特·杜尔
艾克斯·科斯奇
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Eltan Taike Medical Technology Components GmbH
IMZ Dental Technology Ltd.
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EBELE MEDIZINTECHNISCHE ELEMENTE GmbH
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Abstract

用于牢固地安置一个假牙的颌骨植入物，其固定装置具有一个固定头和一个通过螺旋连接可连接于一个基体上的金属植入杆，可选择地附带插入一个更特别的金属间隔部件并从该基体远端的开口凸出，该植入杆在接近于该基体的远端处在一段区域上被一个中间元件同轴地围绕，该中间元件由一种(粘)弹性材料(例如塑料并且尤其是聚甲醛)制成，其特征在于：该中间元件包括一个具有基本上平而光滑表面的扣环(18)，该基体(10)和/或该被插入的间隔部件在接近它的远端圆周边缘，有一个环形凹座，它具有一个用于与该扣环(18)的近端表面接合的阻止肩部(16)，再凹座基本上沿圆周平齐地接受至少接近该扣环(18)的总的长度尺寸，并且在将该植入杆(12)和/或该间隔部件螺旋进该基体(10)时将与该环(18)实现挤压接合的该基体，该植入杆(12)的和/或该间隔部件的至少部分表面或者该间隔部件具有联锁凹陷(20，24)，进入该联锁凹陷的该扣环(18)的材料能够在螺旋压力下被变形并在邻近该扣环(18)的植入元件(10，12)之间伴随产生一个可靠的扭转限制力。

Description

用于牢固地安置一个假牙的颌骨植入物
本发明涉及一种用于牢固地安置一个假牙的颌骨植入物，其固定装置具有一个固定头和一个通过螺旋可连接于一个基体上的金属植入杆，可选择地附带有一个更特别的金属的间隔部件的插入并从基体远端的开口凸出，该植入杆在接近于该基体的远端处有一段被一个中间元件同轴地围绕，该中间元件由一种(粘)弹性材料(例如塑料并且尤其是聚甲醛)制成。
德国专利申请DE—OS3839724公开了这样一种颌骨植入物，其中一个金属的间隔部件可以被旋入其远端，即基体的开口端，与基体上边缘的一个肩部配合。在一段区域同轴地围绕植入杆的塑料中间元件在间隔部件朝向假牙的边缘上与一个环状肩部接合。植入杆可以旋进该间隔部件，同时将面对中间元件的假牙的支承表面挤压到远离该间隔部件的中间元件的一个阻止肩部上。上述的颌骨植入物具有极好的缓冲性能，但是不能确保假牙相对于基体、因而也就是相对于颌骨获得一个满意的扭转制止力，除非采用特殊的措施，例如采用弯曲和类似的方法。因此，公知的上述植入物只适合于在很有限的范围里用作一个单颗牙植入物。这种在制止扭转方面不能令人满意的技术解决方案在其他情况中也可能是有缺点的。
德国专利申请DE—OS3917690(尚未在先公开)涉及一种用于牢固地安置假牙的颌骨植入物，其间隔部件包括一个两个部件的金属间隔衬套，它可被旋进基体并且它的两个部件互相被锁定并与基体锁定，这就导致了在基体与间隔衬套顶部和底部之间的一个抗扭转连接。如果一个适当的抗扭转固定被确保，这使得假牙能够以制止扭转的方式被连接于间隔衬套的上述两个部件中的一个上。这种公知的单颗牙颌骨植入物已经被证明是满意的，但是它必须使用特殊的锁定工具，这在某些情况是不利的。
因此，本发明的问题是进一步研究上述的颌骨植入物，通过简单的方式能够获得植入杆并因而就是它的固定头相对于基体并因而也就是颌骨或人体组织的至少相当大的制止扭转力。
根据本发明，这个问题是这样被解决的，中间元件包括一个具有基本上平而光滑表面的扣环，基体和/或被插入的间隔部件在接近它的远端的圆周边缘，有一个具有一个用于与扣环的近端表面接合的阻止肩部的环形凹座，用于基本上沿圆周平齐地接受至少接近扣环的总的长度尺寸，并且在将植入杆和/或间隔部件旋进基体时将与扣环实现挤压接合的基体的、植入杆和/或间隔部件的至少部分表面或者间隔部件具有联锁凹陷，进入该联锁凹陷的扣环的材料能够在螺旋压力下被变形并在邻近扣环的植入元件之间伴随产生一个可靠的扭转制止力。
至少联锁凹陷的一部分设置于环形凹座的圆周表面上和/或植入杆的区域和/或邻近环形肩部的间隔部件区域的圆周表面上。
本发明也建议至少联锁凹陷的一部分设置于环形凹座的阻止肩部和/或环形肩部上。
根据本发明，阻止肩部和/或环形肩部可以有几个槽状端部凹陷。
根据本发明的一个进一步的发展，四个槽状端部凹陷均匀地分布于阻止肩部和/或环形肩部的圆周方向上。
本发明也建议阻止肩部和/或环形肩部具有一些径向的锯齿。这些径向的锯齿可以以这样一种方式构造成锯齿形，使得在螺旋进入过程期间相对于扣环的接合面有一个棘轮作用帮助螺旋进入并阻止旋出。
本发明的特征还在于这些径向锯齿被构造成齿冠形状。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，植入杆可以直接被旋入基体。
根据本发明，植入杆具有一个用于固定假牙的多边形固定头。
本发明是基于意外的发现，即当将植入杆，例如旋入基体时，一个塑料扣环以这样一种形式变形，使得连同基体的联锁凹陷和植入杆的联锁部分一起产生一个可靠的制止扭转力。例如，这可以通过植入杆近端环形肩部的径向锯齿来产生，在植入杆的装入过程中植入杆最初在扣环上滑动，然后与扣环材料接合，伴随着变形，扣环材料进入径向锯齿。通过植入杆或间隔部件的环形凹座的阻止肩部上的联锁凹陷可以获得同样的结果，并且最好联锁凹陷可以例如由单个的窝槽形成，这些窝槽在某些应用下可以用于连接一种工具或用于与另外的装配元件产生插入式连接。
具有创造性的扣环不仅可以用于在基体与直接旋入基体的植入杆之间获得一个扭转制止力，而且还可以用于例如在德国专利申请DE—OS3839724中所描述的植入物情形，即首先将一个间隔部件旋入基体然后将植入杆旋入该间隔部件的场合。这种具有创造性的扭转制止约束根据需要可以是多层次的，即一方面存在于基体与间隔部件或衬套之间、另一方面存在于间隔部件或衬套与植入杆之间。
本发明尤其适合于与一个制止扭转的结构或如形成申请P4028856.0—35主题的单颗牙植入物等相结合，提到申请P4028856.0—35是为了对它增加本发明的创造构思。
本发明将参照以下的一个非限制性实施例和附图进行更加详细地描述。
图1是本发明的颌骨植入物的一个实施例，处于已安装状态并且是轴向长度方向的剖面图。
图2是图1所示的植入物的部件分解图。
图3是图1和图2所示的植入物的植入杆的底视图。
图4是图1和图2所示植入物的基体的平面图。
正如可从附图中可了解，本发明的颌骨植入物，在所示的实施例中，具有一个钛基体10并且在其与人体组织接触的外表面涂以羟磷灰石或磷硅酸钛。该基体的功能相当于德国专利申请DE—OS3839724的植入物基体的功能，提到它是为了进一步解释其功能，例如基体10上开口的功能。在图1所示的端部位置，基体10中可旋进一个植入杆12。在基体10的远端，在图1和图2的顶端，设置有一个环状凹座14，它具有一个用以容纳一个扣环18的阻止肩部16。在所描述的实施例中该扣环18由聚甲醛制成。阻止肩部16有四个设置于端部的凹陷20。植入杆12有一个在图中朝下的环形肩部22并且它具有一个锯齿形的和齿冠状的径向锯齿系统24。
用于假牙(图中未示出)的植入杆12的一个固定头26在本实施例中被构造成圆锥形，但也可以是例如多边形的周边，这可以使得一颗假牙能以抗扭转的方式接合在植入杆12上。
在本实施例中，本发明这样得以实现，即在将植入杆12旋入基体10的过程中，塑料扣环18在环形凹座14内被逐渐压缩。一方面环形凹座14的阻止肩部16的四个设置于端部的凹陷20并且另一方面植入杆12的环形肩部22的径向锯齿24在每一种情况下都形成联锁凹陷，进入凹陷的扣环18的塑料材料在植入杆12的拧紧过程中由于它的粘弹而逐渐增大其范围，因此当植入杆12抵达它在基体10的端部位置时，确保了在基体10与杆12、因而也就是固定头26之间的一个抗扭转的联锁连接。这使得将假牙以抗扭转方式固定在人体组织中成为可能，尤其是如果固定头26被构造成多边形例如六边形。尽管以这种方式获得了制止扭转，如果需要的话，植入杆12仍能从基体10中拧出，这可能会导致扣环的部分损坏。然而，只要使用一个新的扣环再次装入植入杆12，又可以容易地获得制止扭转。
在说明书、附图和权利要求书中公开的本发明的各个特征既可以单独地也可以以任意组合的方式实现本发明的不同实施例。
参考数字目录表10     基体12     植入杆14     环形凹座16     阻止肩部18     扣环20     端部凹陷22     环形肩部24     径向锯齿26     固定头

Claims (13)

1.用于牢固地安置一个假牙的领骨植人物，其固定装置具有一个固定头和一个通过螺旋连接可连接于一个基体上的金属植入杆，可选择地附带插入一个更特别的金属间隔部件，并从该基体远端的开口凸出，该植入杆在接近于该基体的远端处，在一段区域上被一个中间元件同轴地围绕，该中间元件由一种弹性材料制成，这种弹性材料包括聚甲醛等塑料材料，其特征在于：该中间元件包括一个具有基本上平而光滑表面的扣环(18)，该基体(10)和/或该被插入的间隔部件在接近它的远端圆周边缘，有一个环形凹座，它具有一个用于与该扣环(18)的近端表面接合的阻止肩部(16)，凹座基本上沿圆周平齐地接受至少接近该扣环(18)的总的长度，并且在将该植入杆(12)和/或该间隔部件旋进该基体(10)时将与该扣环(18)实现挤压接合的该基体的、该植入杆(12)的和/或间隔部件的至少部分表面或者该间隔部件具有联锁凹陷(20，24)，进入该联锁凹陷的该扣环(18)的材料能够在螺旋压力下被变形，并在邻接扣环(18)的植入元件(10，12)之间伴随产生一个可靠的扭转限制力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于：至少该联锁凹陷(20，24)的一部分设置于该环形凹座(14)的圆周表面上和/或邻近该环形肩部(22)的/或该间隔部件的该植入杆(12)的区域。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物，其特征在于：至少该联锁凹陷(20，24)的一部分设置于该环形凹座(14)的阻止肩部(16)和/或该环形肩部(22)上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的植入物，其特征在于：该阻止肩部(16)和/或该环形肩部(22)具有几个槽状端部凹陷。
5.根据权利要求4所述的植入物，其特征在于：该几个槽状端部凹陷均匀地分布于该阻止肩部(6)和/或该环形肩部(22)的圆周方向上。
6.根据权利要求3所述的植入物，其特征在于：该阻止肩部(16)和/或该环形肩部(22)具有一些径向锯齿(24)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的植入物，其特征在于这些径向锯齿以锯齿形方式构造，以致在旋入过程中相对于该扣环(18)的接合面有一个棘轮作用支持螺旋进入并阻止旋出。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的植入物，其特征在于这些径向锯齿(24)被构造成齿冠形状。
9.根据权利要求1，2，4，5，6或7所述的植入物，其特征在于：该植入杆(12)可以直接螺旋进入该基体。
10.根据权利要求1，2，4，5，6或7所述的植入物，其特征在于：该植入杆(12)具有一个用于固定该假牙的多边形的固定头(26)。
11.根据权利要求9所述的植入物，其特征在于，该植入杆(12)具有一个用于固定该假牙的多边形的固定头(26)
12.根据权利要求4或5所述的植入物，其特征在于该阻止肩部(16)和/或该环形肩部(22)具有一些径向锯齿(24)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的植入物，其特征在于这些径向锯齿(24)被构造成齿冠形状。
CN91109576A 1990-09-08 1991-09-07 用于牢固地安置一个假牙的颌骨植入物 Expired - Fee Related CN1030889C (zh)

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ES2076432T3 (es) 1995-11-01
DE4028857A1 (de) 1992-03-12
JPH057600A (ja) 1993-01-19
US5122059A (en) 1992-06-16
EP0475300A1 (de) 1992-03-18
KR920005956A (ko) 1992-04-27
IL99410A0 (en) 1992-08-18
GR3016992T3 (en) 1995-11-30
DE4028857C2 (zh) 1992-10-29
KR940005299B1 (ko) 1994-06-16
TW259699B (zh) 1995-10-11
IL99410A (en) 1996-03-31
EP0475300B1 (de) 1995-07-05
RU2090159C1 (ru) 1997-09-20
ATE124618T1 (de) 1995-07-15
CN1062078A (zh) 1992-06-24
YU154991A (sh) 1994-06-24
HUT58497A (en) 1992-03-30
HU912887D0 (en) 1992-01-28
HU214177B (hu) 1998-01-28
DK0475300T3 (da) 1995-11-13
YU47927B (sh) 1996-05-20
DE59105917D1 (de) 1995-08-10

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