CN103085648B - 用于提高电动模式性能的混合动力车的系统 - Google Patents
用于提高电动模式性能的混合动力车的系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于提高电动模式性能的混合动力车的系统,其中电动机内的转子连续并直接地连接于变速器并可与变速器一起旋转。第一定子安装在转子的外侧周围并直接连接于发动机轴,以便可与发动机轴一起旋转,第二定子固定地安装在围绕转子的电动机壳体的外侧。该系统还可包括锁止离合器,被配置为选择性地连接转子的转动轴与发动机轴;第一逆变器,被配置为控制第一定子的操作;以及第二逆变器,被配置为控制第二定子的操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车的系统。本发明更特别涉及一种应用于插电式混合动力车并能够提高电动车(EV)模式的驱动性能的用于混合动力车的系统。
背景技术
混合动力车是一种使用两种或多种截然不同的动力源来驱动车辆的车辆。该术语通常是指混合动力电动车(HEVs),其将内燃机和由电池供电的一个或多个电动机组合在一起。然而,仍然存在混合动力车的其它选择形式,例如混合动力燃料电池车。
混合动力车由于具有较高的燃料经济性和对环境的低影响,因此最近几年变得越来越受欢迎。
传统的混合动力系统,如图1A所示,典型地包括两个电动机3和5以及动力传递装置4(例如,离合器)。发动机起动和电力产生典型地由布置在发动机侧的第一电动机3(例如,混合动力起动发电机:HSG)来实现,驱动和再生制动由布置在变速器侧的第二电动机5实现。此外,离合器4作为动力传递装置工作,用于从发动机向变速器2啮合和脱离转矩。
当车辆以电动车模式运行时,发动机1通过离合器4断开与变速器2的连接,车辆仅仅由来自电动机5的动力来驱动,如图1B所示。当车辆以混合动力模式驱动时,离合器4在发动机1和电动机1之间操作,发动机的驱动转矩被传递到变速器2,如图1C所示。
然而,近些年,生产厂商已经开始引入被称为插电式混合动力车(PHEV)的另一类型的混合动力车。在PHEV中,与传统的混合动力电池车相比,电池容量增大,电池通过商用电力而不是通过再生制动或发电机来充电。因此,这些车辆允许驾驶者在短距离行驶时使用电能来操作车辆(即,EV模式),在电池已经没电时,则以传统的HEV模式操作车辆。
因此PHEV可以根据驾驶者行驶的路程,而利用内燃机和电动机中的两者或其中之一来驱动。在这些类型的混合动力车中,可利用电力方便地充电且典型地具有大容量的高压电池,安装在插电式混合动力车内的某处。
因为混合动力车典型地被预期能像传统的内燃机车辆一样运行,因此消费者希望在以电动车模式时也同样提高驱动性能,因此,与传统混合动力车相比,电动机的输出容量也应该增大。
为了增大电动机的输出容量,材料成本的增加往往是不可避免的,最终也会增加总的制造成本。
此外,由于第二电动机/发电机MG2负责供给用于驱动车辆的全部动力输出,因而第一电动机/发电机MG1仅在EV模式下起动发动机以及产生电力。因此,通过在EV模式下操作第二电动机/发电机MG2不能保证足够的驾驶性能。
在背景技术部分中公开的上述信息仅仅用于增强对本发明背景的理解,因此可能包含不构成在本国中本领域普通技术人员公知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明试图提供一种混合动力车系统,其具有在电动车模式下操作混合动力车时提高驱动性能同时减少制造成本的优点。
根据本发明示例性实施方式的混合动力车系统可以包括发动机、变速器、电动机和电池。在一个或多个示例性实施方式中,电动机可包括连续直接地连接到变速器并与变速器可旋转的转子、安装在转子外侧并直接连接到发动机轴与发动机轴可旋转的第一定子、和固定安装在转子外侧的第二定子。该系统还可包括构造为选择性地连接转子旋转轴与发动机轴的锁止离合器。
该系统还可以包括:第一逆变器,被配置为控制第一定子的操作;和第二逆变器,被配置为控制第二定子的操作。
该系统还可包括:低压DC-DC转换器(LDC),被配置为升高或降低电池的电压并向每个电子部件提供电压;再生制动系统,被配置为将在车辆制动时作为摩擦消耗的车辆动能转换为电能;和液压泵,被配置为向发动机或变速器供油。
当车辆从停止状态起动时,转动第一定子以起动发动机。当车辆在停止状态为电池充电时,第一定子还可以通过利用来自发动机的驱动转矩产生电力以便为电池充电。
在本发明的某些示例性实施方式中,当车辆以低动力电动车(EV)模式行驶时,可以通过操作第二定子来驱动车辆。当车辆以高动力电动车(EV)模式行驶时,还可以通过同时操作第一定子和第二定子来驱动车辆,当车辆以混合动力电动车(HEV)模式行驶时,通过操作发动机和第一或第二定子来驱动车辆。
当车辆的模式从电动车(EV)模式转换到混合动力电动车(HEV)模式时,可以通过操作第一定子和第二定子来起动发动机。
当车辆以混合电动车(HEV)模式运行时,第二定子可以通过使用来自发动机的驱动转矩产生电力以便为电池充电。此外,当车辆执行再生制动时,第一定子或第二定子可以通过利用车辆的制动力产生电力以便为电池充电。
附图说明
现在参考在附图中示出的某些示范性实施方式来详细描述本发明的上述和其它的特征,仅仅以示例性的方式给出下文中的附图,因此其不构成对本发明的限制,并且其中:
图1A-C是传统的用于混合动力车的系统的示意图;
图2是根据本发明示例性实施方式的用于混合动力车的系统的示意图;
图3是用于说明根据本发明示例性实施方式的用于混合动力车的系统在每个模式下的操作的图表;
图4A-B是用于示出在车辆停止时根据本发明示例性实施方式的系统的操作的示意图;
图5A-B是用于示出当车辆以电动车模式行驶时根据本发明示例性实施方式的系统的操作的示意图;
图6A-B是用于示出当车辆以混合电动车模式行驶时根据本发明示例性实施方式的系统的操作的示意图;
图7A-B是用于示出在为电池充电时根据本发明示例性实施方式的系统的操作的示意图。
附图标记说明:
10:用于混合动力车的系统
100:发动机
200:变速器
300:电动机
310:转子
320:第一定子
321:第一逆变器
330:第二定子
331:第二逆变器
340:锁止离合器
400:电池
500:LDC
600:再生制动系统
700:液压泵
应当理解的是,附图不必按比例绘制,而是呈现出说明本发明基本原理的各种优选特征的简化表示。
在附图中,在全部的几张图中,附图标记始终指代本发明的相同或等同部件。
具体实施方式
在以下详细说明中,仅通过说明简单地示出并描述了本发明的某些示例性实施方式。本领域技术人员应当意识到,这些实施例在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下还可以进行各种不同的修改。因此,附图和说明书只被看作实际上是描述性的而没有限制性。在整个说明书中,相同的附图标记始终表示相同的部件。
此外,在整个说明书中,除非明确描述为相反情况,词语“包括”和如“包含”或“由......组成”之类的变形可被理解为暗示包括规定的部件而不排除任意其它元件。此外,在说明书中描述的术语“执行某一特殊动作的物”、“做某一种特定事情的物”和“模块”表示用于处理至少一个功能或操作的单元,并通过硬件部件或软件部件和它们的组合来执行。
可以理解的是,本文中所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似的术语包括一般而言的机动车辆,比如包含运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、公共汽车、货车,各种商用车辆的客车、包含各种轮船和舰船的船只、飞行器等等,并且包括混合动力车辆、电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、氢动力汽车和其它替代燃料汽车(例如,从除了石油以外的资源中取得的燃料)。如在本文中所引用的,混合动力车辆是具有两种或多种动力来源的车辆,例如汽油动力车辆和电动动力车辆二者。
下面将参考附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施方式。
图2为根据本发明示例性实施方式的用于诸如插电式混合动力车(PHEV)等混合动力车的系统的示意图。如图2所示,根据本发明示例性实施方式的用于混合动力车的系统10包括:发动机100、变速器200、电动机300、电池400、被配置为将电池400的电压转换为目标电压的LDC(低压DC-DC转换器)500、再生制动系统600、和液压泵700。电动机300包括转子310以及安装在转子310的外侧上或外侧周围的第一和第二定子320和330。系统10还可包括分别连接于第一定子320和电池400以及第二定子330和电池400的第一逆变器321和第二逆变器331。
也就是说,本发明示例性实施方式可以通过利用包括转子310和安装在转子310外部上的第一和第二定子320和330的电动机300,实现从发动机100传输动力、发动机起动、运转时产生电力以及在电动车(EV)模式下运行。
在本发明的某些示例性实施方式中,转子310可以布置在发动机100与变速器200之间,并连接发动机100与变速器200或分离变速器200与发动机100。
为了这个目的,转子310连续地连接于变速器200,锁止离合器340设置在转子310的一侧以便有选择地接合发动机100与转子310。
锁止离合器340将转子310的转轴350与发动机100的轴接合以使发动机100的转矩被传递至转子310,或者从发动机100的轴释放转子310的转轴350以使发动机100的转矩不被传递至转子310。
第一定子320安装在转子310的外侧上或外侧周围,并直接连接于发动机100的轴以便可与发动机100的轴一起移动。因此,发动机100可以通过转动第一定子320起动。相反地,第一定子320被配置为在发动机100工作时产生电力以便为电池400充电。
如图2所示,第一定子320被配置为执行离合器功能,因为连接于发动机100的第一定子320的A部可以与锁止离合器340相接合。根据本发明示例性实施方式,由于转子310与第一定子320的A部执行传统发动机离合器的功能,因而不需要额外的离合器,因此可以降低成本。
第二定子330安装在转子310的外侧或外侧周围并固定于电动机壳体(未示出)。第二逆变器321被配置为控制第二定子330以使电动机300能够向变速器200传递驱动转矩。
此外,第二逆变器321被配置为控制第二定子330以使电动机300可实现再生制动。因此,当驾驶者应用制动系统时,车辆的制动力通过变速器200和转子310被传递至第二定子330,使得第二定子330产生电力,从而为电池400充电。
第一逆变器321和第二逆变器331将电池400的DC电压转换为AC电压并将AC电压应用到第一定子320和第二定子330以控制第一定子320和第二定子330的操作。由于第一逆变器321和第二逆变器331独立布置,因此可以独立控制第一定子320和第二定子330的操作。
低压DC-DC转换器(LDC)500将DC电压转换为AC电压,通过使用线圈、电路板迹线(trances)、电容来升高或降低AC电压,将AC电压转换成DC电压,并将DC电压提供给每个电子部件。
再生制动系统600被配置为在制动车辆时将作为摩擦消耗掉的车辆的动能转换为电能。
液压泵700被配置为向发动机100或变速器200供油。在一个或多个示例性实施方式中,液压泵700可以是电动油泵(EOP)或机械油泵(MOP)。电动油泵700可以接收来自电池400的驱动动力。
根据本发明示例性实施方式的用于混合动力车的系统10可以是插电式混合动力车(PHEV)。插电式混合动力车(PHEV)包括通常具有大容量的高压电池400,且高压电池400可以通过商业用电进行充电。
在下文中,参考图3至图7详细描述在根据本发明示例性实施方式的混合动力车的每种模式下每个部件的操作。
图3是用于说明根据本发明示例性实施方式的用于混合动力车的系统在每种模式下的操作的图表,图4至图7是用于说明根据本发明示例性实施方式的系统在每种模式下的操作的示意图。
在车辆处于停止状态发动机100起动的情况下,第一定子320在电池400的电力作用下转动以起动发动机100,如图4A所示。因此,第一定子320转动以起动发动机100,由于车辆停止,因此锁止离合器340释放(分开)且第二定子330处于关闭状态。在本发明示例实施例中,定子320和330的关闭状态意味着相应的定子不影响电动机300的操作(例如,定子不通过逆变器产生磁场或反向磁场)。
当车辆停止时为电池400充电,第一定子320通过利用发动机100的驱动转矩产生电力从而为电池400充电,如图4B所示。因此,发动机100运转且连接到发动机100的第一定子320产生电力并为电池400充电。由于车辆停止,因此第二定子330处于关闭状态且锁止离合器340被释放。车辆的变速器200被接合到D档,并且电池400被配置为仅在操作齿轮制动器时充电。
当车辆以低动力电动车(EV)模式行驶时,第二定子330利用来自电池400的动力工作,如图5A所示。当车辆以电动车模式行驶时,发动机100处于关闭状态且锁止离合器340被释放。由于车辆以低输出状态行驶,因此,车辆仅通过第二定子330的操作而被驱动且第一定子320处于关闭状态。在此,发动机100的关闭状态是指发动机100不运转或“怠速运转”的状态。
当车辆以高动力电动车(EV)模式行驶时,第一定子320和第二定子330均利用来自电池400的动力工作,如图5B所示。由于车辆以高动力状态行驶,因此由第二定子330操作产生的驱动转矩不足。因此,操作第一定子320和第二定子330。由于车辆以电动车模式行驶,因此发动机100仍然处于关闭状态且锁止离合器340被释放。由于本发明示例性实施方式在高动力电动车模式下可以操作两个定子320和330,以便驱动车辆,在电动车模式下的驱动性能可得以改善,而与传统技术相比不需要显著增加成本。
图6是用于示出当车辆以混合动力电动车模式行驶时,根据本发明示例性实施方式的系统的操作的示意图。当车辆以混合动力电动车(HEV)模式工作时,发动机100被驱动且通过来自电池400的动力来操作第一定子320或第二定子330,如图6A所示。由于发动机100被驱动且锁止离合器340啮合(关闭),因此发动机100的驱动转矩被传递给变速器200。此外,第一定子320或第二定子330或二者可以与发动机100一起操作。也就是说,第一定子320和第二定子330之一或二者可以随发动机100一起操作以在混合电动车模式下为车辆提供动力。根据驱动条件和目标输出来确定是否操作第一或第二定子320和330或者二者。
当车辆从电动车(EV)模式转换为混合动力电动车(HEV)模式时,发动机100通过第一定子320起动且第二定子330被操作,如图6B所示。如果电动车(EV)模式被转换为混合动力电动车(HEV)模式,则发动机100的驱动转矩和电动机300的驱动转矩用于驱动车辆。因此,发动机100通过操作第一定子320而起动并且锁止离合器340啮合以将发动机100的驱动转矩传递给变速器200。
图7是用于示出在为电池充电时根据本发明示例性实施方式的系统的操作的示意图。在车辆以混合动力电动车(HEV)模式行驶的过程中为电池400充电的情况下,在锁止离合器340被啮合时,第二定子330通过发动机100的驱动转矩产生电力,如图7A所示。因此,电池400被充电。由于锁止离合器340啮合,因此车辆通过发动机100的驱动转矩被驱动,同时为电池充电。
当车辆执行再生制动时,第一定子320或第二定子330通过利用车辆的制动力产生电力从而为电池400充电,如图7B所示。为了这个目的,锁止离合器340啮合,变速器200的制动力被传递到第一和第二定子320和330。由于车辆应用制动器,因此发动机100关闭。
当车辆通过利用发动机100而处于爬行驱动状态时,第一定子320产生电力且第二定子330处于关闭状态。此外,发动机100被操作,而锁止离合器340被释放,使得发动机100的驱动转矩不被传递给变速器200。当驾驶者不要求加速而以低速操作或停止时,使发动机100或电动机300的转矩的使用最小,从而仅仅产生与爬行行驶相对应的爬行转矩。
当车辆通过利用电动机300而处于爬行行驶状态时,第二电动机330被操作以爬行行驶,第一定子320和发动机100处于关闭状态,并且锁止离合器340被释放。当驾驶者不需要加速而以低速操作或停止时,仅仅通过第二定子330产生爬行转矩。
由于根据本发明示例性实施方式在以高动力电动车模式的过程中,通过操作两个定子来驱动车辆,因此可以在无需增加部件能力(capacity)的情况下,提高电动车模式的驱动性能。
有利地,在传统技术中仅发动机离合器实现动力传递功能,然而根据本发明示例性实施方式,锁止离合器和电动机都可执行动力传递功能。此外,由于离合器滑移产生的热损失可被转换为电动机内的电能,因此还可以提高效率。由于根据电动机转矩的控制将发动机转矩传递给车轮可以使离合器内产生的震动最小,因此还可改善操纵的灵活性。
上面已经参考本发明的示例性实施方式对其进行了详细描述。然而,本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的原理和精神的情况下,还可以对这些实施方式进行修改,本发明的范围被限定在所附的权利要求及其等价形式中。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于混合动力车的系统,包括:
电动机,包括连续地连接于变速器并可与所述变速器一起旋转的转子,其中所述电动机包括第一定子和第二定子,所述第一定子安装在所述转子的外侧上并直接地连接于发动机轴以便可与所述发动机轴一起旋转,所述第二定子固定地安装在所述转子的外侧上;和
锁止离合器,被配置为选择性地连接所述转子的旋转轴与所述发动机轴。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,还包括:
第一逆变器,被配置为控制所述第一定子的操作;和
第二逆变器,被配置为控制所述第二定子的操作。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,还包括:
低压DC-DC转换器(LDC),被配置为升高或降低电池的电压并向所述混合动力车中的多个电子部件提供电压;
再生制动系统,被配置为将在所述混合动力车制动时作为摩擦消耗的车辆动能转换为电能;和
液压泵,被配置为向所述发动机或所述变速器供油。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中当所述混合动力车在停止状态起动时,转动所述第一定子以起动所述发动机。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中在所述混合动力车处于停止状态时,所述第一定子通过利用来自所述发动机的驱动转矩产生电力以便对电池充电。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中在所述混合动力车以低动力电动车(EV)模式运行时,通过操作所述第二定子来驱动所述混合动力车。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中在所述混合动力车以高动力电动车(EV)模式运行时,通过同时操作所述第一定子和所述第二定子来驱动所述混合动力车。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中在所述混合动力车以混合动力电动车(HEV)模式运行时,通过操作所述发动机和所述第一定子或所述第二定子来驱动所述混合动力车。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中当所述混合动力车的模式从所述电动车(EV)模式转换到所述混合动力电动车(HEV)模式时,通过操作所述第一定子和所述第二定子起动所述发动机。
10.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中在所述混合动力车以混合动力电动车(HEV)模式运行的情况下为电池充电时,所述第二定子通过利用所述发动机的驱动转矩产生电力以便为所述电池充电。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中在所述混合动力车执行再生制动时,所述第一定子或所述第二定子通过利用来自所述混合动力车的制动力产生电力以便对电池充电。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述混合动力车是插电式混合动力车。
13.一种用于混合动力车的动力传动系,包括:
发动机,被配置为选择性地向变速器提供动力;和
电动机,包括连续并直接地连接于所述变速器并可与所述变速器一起旋转的转子,其中所述电动机包括第一定子和第二定子,所述第一定子可旋转地安装在所述转子的外侧周围并直接地连接于发动机轴以便可与所述发动机轴一起旋转,所述第二定子固定地安装在所述转子的外侧上;和
锁止离合器,被配置为选择性地连接所述转子的旋转轴与所述发动机轴,以便将来自所述发动机的动力提供给所述电动机中的所述转子。
14.如权利要求13所述的动力传动系,还包括:
第一逆变器,被配置为控制所述第一定子的操作;和
第二逆变器,被配置为控制所述第二定子的操作。
15.如权利要求13所述的动力传动系,还包括:
低压DC-DC转换器(LDC),被配置为升高或降低电池的电压并向所述混合动力车中的多个电子部件提供电压;
再生制动系统,被配置为将在所述混合动力车制动时作为摩擦消耗的混合动力车动能转换为电能;和
液压泵,被配置为向所述发动机或所述变速器供油。
16.如权利要求13所述的动力传动系,其中当所述混合动力车在停止状态起动时,转动所述第一定子以起动所述发动机。
17.如权利要求13所述的动力传动系,其中在所述混合动力车处于停止状态时,所述第一定子通过利用来自所述发动机的驱动转矩产生电力以便对电池充电。
18.如权利要求13所述的动力传动系,其中在所述混合动力车以低动力电动车(EV)模式运行时,通过操作所述第二定子来驱动所述混合动力车。
19.如权利要求13所述的动力传动系,其中在所述混合动力车以高动力电动车(EV)模式运行时,通过同时操作所述第一定子和所述第二定子来驱动所述混合动力车。
20.如权利要求13所述的动力传动系,其中在所述混合动力车以混合动力电动车(HEV)模式运行时,通过操作所述发动机和所述第一定子或所述第二定子来驱动所述混合动力车。
21.如权利要求13所述的动力传动系,其中当所述混合动力车的模式从所述电动车(EV)模式转换到所述混合动力电动车(HEV)模式时,通过操作所述第一定子和所述第二定子起动所述发动机。
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