CN103081393B - 一种在基站执行的方法、移动台和基站 - Google Patents

一种在基站执行的方法、移动台和基站 Download PDF

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CN103081393B
CN103081393B CN201180043344.5A CN201180043344A CN103081393B CN 103081393 B CN103081393 B CN 103081393B CN 201180043344 A CN201180043344 A CN 201180043344A CN 103081393 B CN103081393 B CN 103081393B
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H.易
H.殷
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Intel Corp
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    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
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    • H04L5/0035—Resource allocation in a cooperative multipoint environment
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    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
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    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
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Abstract

用于保护传送给移动台的信息要素免受入侵者破坏的技术。该技术能够涉及对信息要素应用随机化掩码，然后提供加扰循环冗余校验(CRC)值。随机化掩码的种子能够与加扰CRC值的种子不同。

Description

一种在基站执行的方法、移动台和基站
技术领域
本申请涉及2010年9月8日提交的美国专利申请序号61/381005(代理人案号P36006Z)，并且要求其优先权。本申请还涉及2010年9月24日提交的美国专利申请序号12/889949(代理人案号P35334)。
一般来说，本文所公开的主题涉及用于掩蔽(masking)使用无线网络所传送的控制信道消息的技术。
背景技术
在诸如第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)长期演进(LTE)或IEEE802.16无线通信系统中，下行链路用户特定控制信道(USCCH)用于向用户要素(userelement)传送用户特定和非用户特定控制信息。在IEEE802.16m中，用户特定控制信道称作高级媒体接入协议(A-MAP)。许多高级蜂窝系统的单播(unicast)控制信道不提供强安全保护。例如，IEEE802.16m和LTE的各单播控制信道具有其通过用户特定标识符(ID)所掩蔽的循环冗余校验(CRC)值。参见例如IEEE802.16m草案8(2010)的第16.3.5.3.2.4小节以及3GPPTS36.212(2010)的第5.3.3.2小节。特定的移动台能够使用其用户特定ID来对CRC值进行解扰(descramble)，然后执行CRC测试。如果CRC测试通过，则移动台能够访问那个控制信道信息。
但是，控制信道的内容是完全无保护的(例如LTE)或者采用其种子是也用于对CRC值进行解扰的用户ID的随机序列来加扰(例如IEEE802.16m草案8)。使用以用户ID作为种子的随机序列进行加扰(scramble)可能不会提供充分保护，因为入侵者也必须确定用于CRC测试的用户ID。入侵者能够猜测用户特定ID以对CRC值进行解扰，并且使用经解扰的CRC值来执行CRC测试。如果CRC测试通过，则找到正确的用户ID，并且那个用户ID能够用于对控制信道的内容进行解扰。因此，在获取用户ID之后，内容对入侵者完全是无保护的。无保护控制信息造成保密性和潜在安全问题，因为入侵者能够潜在地利用控制信息来访问数据信道。期望提供保护单播控制信道的内容不被非预计接收方进行访问的方式，使得数据保密性和安全性得到改进。
附图说明
在附图中以示例的方式而不是以限制的方式来说明本发明的实施例，附图中，相似的参考标号表示相似的要素。
图1示出使用无线网络连接的装置的示例；
图2示出能够由基站用于在传送给用户要素之前保护信息要素的示例过程；
图3示出检索控制信道信息的处理方案的示例；
图4示出能够使用本发明的实施例的示例系统。
具体实施方式
本说明书中通篇提到“一个实施例”或“实施例”表示结合该实施例所述的具体特征、结构或特性包含在本发明的至少一个实施例中。因此，词组“在一个实施例中”或“实施例”在本说明书通篇的各个位置中的出现不一定都表示同一个实施例。此外，特定特征、结构或特性可结合在一个或多个实施例中。
各个实施例提供用于在传送给用户要素(UE)或移动台之前保护单播控制信息的多级保护方案。第一级保护包括采用其种子是与将要接收单播控制信息的UE或移动台的用户ID不同的数值的随机序列来对整个信息要素(InformationElement:IE)进行加扰。例如，在IEEE802.16m草案8(2010)的第16.3.5.5.2.4小节的表845中描述单播控制IE。对于3GPPLTE，不是对IE进行加扰，而是能够对下行链路控制信息(DCI)格式进行加扰。在3GPPTS36.212(2010)的第5.3.3.1小节中描述DCI格式。第二级保护能够包括使用将要访问IE的UE或移动台的用户ID来应用现有的CRC掩蔽。UE或移动台能够使用其用户ID来对CRC值进行解扰。对于IEEE802.16兼容的网络，用户ID能够是16位台标识符(STID)，以及对于3GPPLTE兼容的网络，用户ID能够是16位无线电网络临时标识符(RNTI)。
本发明的实施例可在多种应用中使用。本发明的一些实施例可与各种装置和系统结合使用，例如发射器、接收器、收发器、发射器-接收器、无线通信站、无线通信装置、无线接入点(AP)、调制解调器、无线调制解调器、个人计算机(PC)、台式计算机、移动计算机、膝上型计算机、笔记本计算机、平板计算机、服务器计算机、手持计算机、手持装置、移动电话、个人数字助理(PDA)装置、手持PDA装置、网络、无线网络、局域网(LAN)、无线LAN(WLAN)、城域网(MAN)、无线MAN(WMAN)、广域网(WAN)、无线WAN(WWAN)、按照现有IEEE802.11、802.11a、802.11b、802.11e、802.11g、802.11h、802.11i、802.11n、802.16、802.16d、802.16e、802.16m、3GPP标准、3GPPLTE高级36211版本10的物理层描述和/或上述标准的未来版本和/或衍生体和/或长期演进(LTE)进行操作的装置和/或网络、个人区域网络(PAN)、无线PAN(WPAN)、作为上述WLAN和/或PAN和/或WPAN网络的组成部分的单元和/或装置、单向和/或双向无线电通信系统、蜂窝电线电话通信系统、蜂窝电话、无线电话、个人通信系统(PCS)装置、结合无线通信装置的PDA装置、多输入多输出(MIMO)收发器或装置，单输入多输出(SIMO)收发器或装置、多输入单输出(MISO)收发器或装置、多接收器链(MRC)收发器或装置、具有“智能天线”技术或多天线技术的收发器或装置等。
本发明的一些实施例可与一种或多种类型的无线通信信号和/或系统结合使用，例如射频(RF)、红外线(IR)、频分复用(FDM)、正交FDM(OFDM)、正交频分多址(OFDMA)、时分复用(TDM)、时分多址(TDMA)、扩展TDMA(E-TDMA)、通用分组无线业务(GPRS)、扩展GPRS、码分多址(CDMA)、宽带CDMA(WCDMA)、CDMA2000、多载波调制(MDM)、离散多音(DMT)、蓝牙(RTM)、ZigBee(TM)等。本发明的实施例可在各种其它设备、装置、系统和/或网络中使用。
图1示出使用无线网络连接的装置的示例。网络能够符合任一种IEEE802.16或3GPPLTE以及其变化和修订。在下游或下行链路情况下，以上一般地命名的发射器102和/或202可互换地称作基站(BS)、节点B(NB)、增强节点B(eNB)或接入点(AP)。在各种实施例中，对于下行链路，发射器还能够可互换地称作网络实体，例如移动交换中心(MSC)、服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)或移动性管理实体(MME)。在这种下行链路情况下，上述接收器104和/或204在本文中可在系统级互换地称作移动台(MS)、用户站(SS)、用户设备(UE)、站(STA)、机器类型通信(MTC)装置或者机器对机器(M2M)装置。此外，术语BS、NB、eNB、AP、MSC、SGSN和MME在概念上可互换，这取决于正使用哪一种无线协议，因此本文中提到BS也可被看作是提到NB、eNB、AP、MSC、SGSN和MME中的任一个。类似地，本文中提到MS或SS也可被看作是提到UE、STA、MTC装置或M2M装置中的任一个。
图2示出能够由基站用于在传送给用户要素之前保护信息要素的示例过程。终端特定随机发生器(randomizer)252采用其种子是与用户ID不同的数值的随机序列来对单播控制信息要素(IE)进行加扰。控制信息能够包括用以安排基站与移动台之间的传输的信息以及用于对基站与移动台之间的通信进行解码的信息。当基站与IEEE802.16m草案8兼容时，能够随机化第16.3.5.5.2.4小节中规定的部分或全部IE，其中包括多播和广播IE。在一些情况下，能够单独随机化每个IE，因为每个IE预计用于不同的终端。但是，在一些情况下，IE的组在预计用于同一终端时可共同随机化。种子的长度能够为15位，但是能够使用其它位数。种子能够使用诸如随机数之类的任何方法或者使用以用户ID作为输入的等式来选择，只要不同UE和移动台具有不同种子。例如，IE能够使用IEEE802.16m草案8的第16.3.10.1.3小节中所述的随机序列生成和随机化过程来随机化。能够使用伪随机二进制序列(PRBS)发生器，其中种子为初始矢量。
当使用3GPPLTE网络时，终端特定随机发生器252将随机化部分或全部DCI格式。能够单独随机化每个DCI格式，或者在一些情况下，DCI格式的组在预计用于同一终端时可共同随机化。本文所使用的IE可表示DCI格式，反过来也是一样。
基站能够使用单播MAC管理消息将种子发送给UE或MS(未示出)。例如，能够使用添加到AAI-REG-RSP消息的字段将种子传送给UE或MS。在IEEE802.16m草案8(2010)的第16.2.3.9小节中规定AAI-REG-RSP消息。移动台可在IE的进一步解析之前使用种子来采用这个种子的随机序列对控制信道IE进行解扰。如果网络与3GPPLTE兼容，则3GPPTS36.331(2010)中所述的MobilityControlInfo消息能够用于将种子传送给UE。
CRC添加和掩蔽器(additionandmasker)254将从终端特定随机发生器252来生成随机化IE的CRC校验和。在一个实施例中，CRC添加和掩蔽器254将使用IEEE802.16m草案8(2010)的第16.3.5.5.2.4小节中所述的技术来生成掩蔽CRC校验和。例如，CRC添加和掩蔽器254将通过采用CRC掩码对所生成的CRC校验和执行“异或”运算以生成掩蔽CRC校验和，来生成掩蔽CRC校验和。能够按照如ITU-T推荐X.25以及IEEE802.16m的第16.3.10.1.1小节中所定义的标准CRC16-CCITT来生成CRC校验和。CRC掩码能够是将要访问IE的MS或UE的用户ID(站ID)。更具体来说，对于符合IEEE802.16m的网络，掩码具有16位，但是STID仅为12位，其中其它位按照IEEE802.16m的第16.3.5.5.2.4小节的表843中所示的方式来附加。CRC添加和掩蔽器254将掩蔽CRC校验和附加到来自终端特定随机发生器252的随机化IE，并且将所产生的数据结构提供给信道编码器256。
BS使用AAI-REG-RSP或AAI-RNG-RSP消息将用户ID(站ID)传送给MS供CRC解蔽。
信道编码器256将执行随机化IE和掩蔽CRC校验和的信道编码，以便生成信道编码数据。将所生成的信道编码数据提供给正交相移键控(QPSK)调制器258。QPSK调制器258将执行信道编码数据的QPSK调制以生成QPSK调制数据，并且将QPSK调制数据提供给多输入多输出(MIMO)编码器/预编码器260。MIMO编码器/预编码器260将执行QPSK调制数据的MIMO编码/预编码，以便生成符号。基站经由无线通信链路将符号传送给目标移动台。
相反，IEEE802.16m草案8(2010)的第16.3.5.3.2.4小节描述将与用于CRC掩码的种子相同的种子用于随机化。如果入侵者确定CRC掩码的种子，则种子还能够用于确定随机化掩码。相应地，当相同种子用于随机化和CRC掩码时，不提供下行链路控制信息的附加保护。各个实施例提供随机化和CRC掩码的不同种子值，并且由此提供控制信息的改进保护。通过初始化IE加扰序列的种子值以及掩蔽CRC的用户ID(它与种子值不同)，极大地改进控制信道的安全性。例如，假定种子值和用户ID均为15位序列。仅通过用户ID，入侵者必须尝试2^15、即32768个可能的用户ID。通过新的种子值，入侵者必须尝试2^30即大概十亿个序列以访问控制信道。这极大地改善单播控制信道的保护。
图3示出检索控制信道信息的处理方案的示例。该方案能够由移动台或用户要素用于检索下行链路单播控制符号。MIMO解码器302将执行符号的MIMO解码。QPSK解调器304将执行QPSK调制数据的QPSK解调。信道解码器306将执行随机化IE和掩蔽CRC校验和的信道解码，以便生成信道解码数据。CRC校验块308将使用MS的用户ID来对CRC校验和进行去掩蔽(unmask)。CRC校验块308还将去掩蔽的CRC校验和与参考CRC值进行比较。在去掩蔽CRC校验和与参考CRC值之间匹配的情况下，终端特定去随机发生器(de-randomizer)310将使用种子值来生成随机序列，并且使用它来使用如终端特定随机发生器252那样的逆随机发生器方案来对一个或多个IE去随机化。种子值能够是由基站所传送的并且与用户ID不同的值。
图4示出能够使用本发明的实施例的示例系统。计算机系统400可包括主系统402和显示器422。计算机系统400能够在手持个人计算机、移动电话、机顶盒或者任何计算装置中实现。主系统402可包括芯片组405、处理器410、主存储器412、存储414、图形子系统415和无线电420。芯片组405可提供处理器410、主存储器412、存储414、图形子系统415和无线电420之间的相互通信。例如，芯片组405可包括能够提供与存储414的相互通信的存储适配器(未示出)。
处理器410可实现为复杂指令集计算机(CISC)或简化指令集计算机(RISC)处理器、x86指令集兼容处理器、多核或者任何其它微处理器或中央处理器。在各个实施例中，处理器410或无线电420能够配置成执行本文所述的技术，以便保护或访问信息要素。
主存储器412可实现为易失性存储器装置，非限制性地例如随机存取存储器(RAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)或静态RAM(SRAM)。存储414可实现为非易失性存储装置，非限制性地例如磁盘驱动器、光盘驱动器、磁带驱动器、内部存储装置、附连存储装置、闪速存储器、电池备用SDRAM(同步DRAM)和/或网络可访问存储装置。
图形子系统415可执行诸如静态或视频图像的处理供显示。模拟或数字接口可用于在通信上耦合图形子系统415和显示器422。例如，接口可以是高清晰度多媒体接口、DisplayPort、无线HDMI和/或符合无线HD的技术中的任一个。图形子系统415可集成到处理器410或芯片组405中。图形子系统415可能是通信上耦合到芯片组405的独立卡。
无线电420可包括一个或多个无线电，该一个或多个无线电能够按照非限制性地诸如IEEE802.11、IEEE802.16和3GPPLTE的任何版本之类的可适用无线标准来传送和接收信号。例如，无线电420可至少包括物理层接口和媒体接入控制器。
本发明的实施例可实现为下列任一个或者它们的组合：使用主板互连的一个或多个微芯片或集成电路、硬连线逻辑、由存储器装置所存储并且由微处理器运行的软件、固件、专用集成电路(ASIC)和/或现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)。术语“逻辑”作为举例可包括软件或硬件和/或软件和硬件的组合。
本发明的实施例例如可作为计算机程序产品来提供，计算机程序产品包括其上存储了机器可执行指令的一个或多个机器可读介质，机器可执行指令在由诸如计算机、计算机的网络或者其它电子装置之类的一个或多个机器运行时可使一个或多个机器执行按照本发明的实施例的操作。机器可读介质可包括但不限于软盘、光盘、CD-ROM(光盘只读存储器)以及磁光盘、ROM(只读存储器)、RAM(随机存取存储器)、EPROM(可擦可编程只读存储器)、EEPROM(电可擦可编程只读存储器)、磁卡或光卡、闪速存储器或者适合于存储机器可执行指令的其它类型的介质/机器可读介质。
附图和以上描述给出本发明的示例。虽然示为多个不同的功能项，但是本领域的技术人员将会理解，这类要素的一个或多个可完全组合为单一功能要素。或者，某些要素可分离为多个功能要素。一个实施例的要素可添加到另一个实施例。例如，本文所述过程的顺序可改变，并且并不限于本文所述的方式。此外，任何流程图的动作无需按照所示顺序来实现；也并非一定需要执行全部动作。另外，不是与其它动作相关的那些动作可与其它动作并行地执行。但是，本发明的范围决不受这些具体示例限制。无论说明书中是否明确给出，诸如结构的差异、尺寸和材料的使用之类的许多变更是可能的。本发明的范围至少与所附权利要求书所给出的一样宽。

Claims (14)

1.一种在基站执行的方法，所述方法包括：
在第一阶段，
确定用于对至少一个信息要素编码的种子值；
基于所述种子值来对所述至少一个信息要素编码，其中所述编码包括使用所述种子值以随机序列加扰所述至少一个信息要素，所述种子值是与接收所述信息要素的目标装置的台标识符不同的数值；
在第二阶段，
使用所述目标装置的所述台标识符应用循环冗余校验(CRC)掩蔽到所加扰的至少一个信息要素；以及
在消息中向所述目标装置传送所述种子值。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述消息包括高级空中接口注册响应(AAI-REG-RSP)消息。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，对至少一个信息要素的编码包括使用以所述种子值作为输入矢量的伪随机二进制序列发生器。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，对至少一个信息要素的编码包括以所述种子值作为输入矢量将伪随机二进制序列发生器用于预计由特定移动台进行访问的单独信息要素。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，对至少一个信息要素的编码包括以所述种子值作为输入矢量将伪随机二进制序列发生器用于预计由特定移动台进行访问的一个或多个信息要素的组。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
对第一数据结构进行信道编码；
对所述信道编码第一数据结构应用正交相移键控(QPSK)调制；以及
对所述QPSK调制和信道编码第一数据结构进行多输入多输出(MIMO)编码。
7.一种移动台，包括：
显示装置；
至少一个天线；
无线电装置；以及
处理器，配置成：
在第一阶段，
使用所述移动台的台标识符对循环冗余校验(CRC)校验和值解码；
在第二阶段，
识别用于对至少一个信息要素解码的种子值，其中所述种子值不同于所述台标识符；以及
基于所述种子值来对所述至少一个信息要素解扰。
8.如权利要求7所述的移动台，其中，所述种子值在高级空中接口注册响应(AAI-REG-RSP)消息中传送。
9.如权利要求7所述的移动台，其中，对所述至少一个信息要素的解码包括使用以所述种子值作为输入矢量的逆伪随机二进制序列发生器。
10.如权利要求7所述的移动台，其中，所述处理器还配置成：
对所接收数据结构应用多输入多输出(MIMO)解码；
对所述MIMO解码数据结构应用正交相移键控(QPSK)调制；以及
对所述MIMO解码和QPSK解调数据结构应用信道解码。
11.一种基站，包括：
至少一个天线；
无线电装置；以及
处理器，配置成：
在第一阶段，
确定用于对至少一个信息要素编码的种子值；
基于所述种子值来对所述至少一个信息要素编码，其中所述编码包括使用所述种子值以随机序列加扰所述至少一个信息要素，所述种子值与接收所述信息要素的目标装置的台标识符不同；以及
在第二阶段，
使用所述目标装置的所述台标识符应用循环冗余校验(CRC)掩蔽到所加扰的至少一个信息要素；以及
在消息中向所述目标装置传送所述种子值。
12.如权利要求11所述的基站，其中，所述消息包括高级空中接口注册响应(AAI-REG-RSP)消息。
13.如权利要求11所述的基站，其中，对至少一个信息要素的编码包括以所述种子值作为输入矢量将伪随机二进制序列发生器用于预计由特定移动台进行访问的至少一个信息要素。
14.如权利要求11所述的基站，其中，所述处理器还配置成：
对第一数据结构应用信道编码；
请求对所述信道编码第一数据结构应用正交相移键控(QPSK)调制；以及
对所述QPSK调制和信道编码第一数据结构应用多输入多输出(MIMO)编码。
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