CN103078362B - Backup power system based on fuel cell for communication - Google Patents
Backup power system based on fuel cell for communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN103078362B CN103078362B CN201210538193.7A CN201210538193A CN103078362B CN 103078362 B CN103078362 B CN 103078362B CN 201210538193 A CN201210538193 A CN 201210538193A CN 103078362 B CN103078362 B CN 103078362B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a backup power system for a fuel cell for communication. The backup power system comprises a hydrogen-donating unit, a fuel cell unit, a DC/DC (Direct-current/Direct-current) unit, an output unit, a patrolling unit, an analog acquisition unit, a main control unit and a human-computer interaction unit. The hydrogen-donating unit realizes the aim of preparing high-purity hydrogen through carbureted hydrogen; the fuel cell unit is used for converting chemical energy into direct-current electric power; the DC/DC unit is used for adjusting output voltage of the fuel cell so as to supply power to the output unit; the output unit is used for supplying power to a communication base station after city electricity is powered down; the patrolling unit is used for acquiring voltage of a monocell; the analog acquisition unit is used for acquiring various data signals in the system and transmitting the data signals to the main control unit; the main control unit is used for analyzing data and sending a control signal to each unit; and the human-computer interaction unit is used for completing the functions of short-range communication, remote communication, monitoring, alarming and the like. The system is high efficient, clean, safe and reliable, has high intelligence, can realize seamless connection with city electricity supply when being used as a communication standby power supply, and simultaneously, does not need to be charged, and can be continuously operated for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell system, specifically a kind of standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication.
Background technology
As everyone knows, the electrochemical energy of fuel directly can be converted into electric energy by fuel cell, due to not by the restriction of Carnot cycle, its efficiency up to 60% ~ 80%, far away higher than the efficiency of internal combustion engine; When fuel cell take hydrogen as fuel simultaneously, product only has water, clean, environmentally safe; What occur because it is inner is electrochemical reaction, noise-less pollution.Fuel cell is a kind of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), and it is different from the storage batterys such as plumbic acid needs charging, as long as supply of hydrogen, just can obtain electric energy endlessly.Fuel cell power source is widely used in the emergency standby power of communication, finance, hospital, school, business, industrial and mining enterprises and house, can be used as the independent current source of the special purposes such as the remote districts of electrical network inconvenience, island, military affairs and field work, moving vehicle and boats and ships, have very important purposes in the large-scale natural calamity occasion of generation.
At present, communication is normal using lead acid accumulator as main back-up source, and the maintenance cost of storage battery is high, useful life is short, can not long-time continuous is powered, environmental pollution is serious when producing; Because lead-acid battery needs charging, so when running into the emergency case such as natural calamity, artificial destruction civil power and cannot recovering within a period of time, or in the remote districts without electrical network, lead-acid battery cannot charge, so communication equipment will interrupt, the normal life of people can be had a strong impact on, and cause huge economic loss.Powering to realize lead-acid battery long-time continuous, can use the battery system that volume is huger, heavier, so just need to take very large space, battery system needs chilling treatment also at substantial electric energy simultaneously.
Fuel cell technology is considered to replace the most promising technology of storage battery as communication spare power supplies.Fuel cell power system can avoid the shortcoming of lead-acid battery, and its efficiency is high, easy care; Very large advantage is had at major disasters, dangerous situation emergent with in taking precautions against natural calamities; Be easy to intelligent management, to power failure and accidental pollution event have good foresight suddenly; Life-span can reach thousands of hours.There have been a lot of fuel cell that uses in the U.S., Japan, European Union etc. as the case of communication spare power supplies, and domesticly rarely have report.Mainly because fuel cell technology is immature, system configuration is complicated, dangerous, the first current cost of hydrogen storage transport drops into the problems such as height and can not solve well.But along with the development of various technology, backup power system of fuel cell can be more and more extensive in the use of the communications industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the problem of fail safe of fuel cell in hydrogen storage, transport, propose that a kind of system is more small-sized, more compact structure, the simpler backup power system of fuel cell of operating maintenance.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it comprises hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit;
Hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, reformer unit utilizes hydrocarbon steam reforming to react or hydrogen is prepared in incomplete oxidation reaction, after clean unit, obtain the hydrogen of purity > 99.9%, be stored in hydrogen bottle for subsequent use; Cell of fuel cell is sent into after the hydrogen prepared is reduced pressure by pressure-reducing valve; Cell of fuel cell is used for burning hydrogen and produces direct current energy and heat, and direct current energy flows to DC/DC unit, and heat energy flows to hydrogen supply unit; DC/DC unit is connected to output unit by after direct current pressure regulation; Output unit, by electric energy supply load, is that the startup battery of output unit, DC/DC unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit are powered simultaneously; Routing inspection unit is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of sheet battery every in the fuel cell pile of cell of fuel cell, gathers the voltage data of all monolithic batteries and transfers to main control unit by RS232/485 communication module; Analog acquisition unit is connected with each transducer, and the data such as collecting temperature, voltage, electric current, gas concentration, pressure, transfer to main control unit by RS232/485 communication module; Man-machine interaction unit carries out data communication by RS232/485 communication module and main control unit, and pass through by LCD real-time display system data, undertaken monitoring and fault alarm by acoustooptic alarm system, telecommunication can be realized, by the relevant configured parameter of USB module reading system by GPRS and host computer; Main control unit, by the actuator in PWM output module, I/O control module and D/A output module control system unit, is analyzed the various data-signals of system simultaneously.
Hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, described reformer unit comprises the reacting furnace of a sealing, vapourizing furnace, water inlet, charging aperture and hydrogen outlet, described clean unit comprises cooling device and filter plant, the reacting furnace of reformer unit is used for fuel, the burning of water or oxygen, if fuel is liquid, need to carry out carburation by evaporation in vapourizing furnace, reacting furnace is entered in a gaseous form again by charging aperture, the gas outlet of reformer unit is connected with an air inlet of clean unit, another air inlet of clean unit is connected with oxygen channel, the cooling device that first product of reformer unit enters clean unit makes water vapor condensation get off, add catalyst afterwards, be CO2 by the CO catalytic oxidation in product, now only have hydrogen and CO2 in product, it is made to pass through filter plant again, CO2 is wherein removed, the gas outlet of clean unit is connected with the air inlet of storage hydrogen bottle, the gas outlet of storage hydrogen bottle is connected with cell of fuel cell.
Described cell of fuel cell comprises pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve P3, mechanical valve P3', row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve P4, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, the transducer H2PPM of density of hydrogen, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, fuel cell pile, pressure tuner, air heater and aerofoil fan, the storage hydrogen bottle gas outlet of aforesaid hydrogen supply unit is connected with pressure sensor S1 by pipeline, then hydrogen is successively by pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, the output of pressure-reducing valve P2 is connected with the input of pressure tuner, the output of pressure tuner is connected with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pile, security solenoid valve P3 is connected with pressure tuner respectively with mechanical valve P3' input simultaneously, and output is connected with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit.The hydrogen outlet of described fuel cell pile is connected with the input of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve through pressure sensor S3 by pipeline, the output of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve is connected with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit, described pressure tuner is also connected with pressure sensor S2, the offgas outlet of described fuel cell pile accesses reformer unit by pipeline, the output of described air heater is connected with the input of fuel cell pile, the output of fuel cell pile is connected with the input of aerofoil fan, the output of fuel cell pile is through current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 is connected with the input of DC/DC unit, current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 gathers correlated current, voltage data.
Described DC/DC unit comprises 48VDC/DC power module, current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2 and temperature sensor PT2, the described input of 48VDC/DC power module is connected with the output of fuel cell pile, the output of 48VDC/DC power module is connected with load device through current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2, and 48VDC/DC power module is also connected with temperature sensor PT2.
Described output unit comprises AC/DC module, internal control circuit, power-fail detection circuit, start battery, charger and 28VDC/DC module, the input of AC/DC module is connected with mains supply, the output of AC/DC module is connected through the input of internal control circuit with 28VDC/DC module, the output of 28VDC/DC module is connected with load, when civil power is normal, it is load supplying that 220V alternating current is converted to 28V direct current by AC/DC module, it is the startup battery charging of inside by charger simultaneously, and give the analog acquisition unit of system, main control unit, routing inspection unit and interpersonal interactive unit are powered, when power-fail detection circuit detects civil power power down by current sensor A3 and voltage sensor V3, inner startup battery is load, internal control circuit and intrasystem pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, the transducer H2PPM of density of hydrogen, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, axial flow blower are powered.
Described pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve and pressure sensor S3 are connected and fixed by welding and pressure tuner.
The filter plant of described clean unit is the filter that NaOH or limewash are housed, for filtering carbon dioxide.
Described catalyst is the oxide/carbon material of noble-metal-supported high-specific surface area or the oxide/carbon material catalyst of transition metal load high-specific surface area.
Described noble metal is as platinum, ruthenium, gold etc.; Described transition metal is as copper, iron, cobalt etc.; The oxide/carbon material of described high-specific surface area as silicon dioxide, porous carbon, cerium oxide etc., the specific area > 40m of oxide/carbon material
2/ g.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: 1. the present invention takes full advantage of the used heat of fuel cell pile, improves system effectiveness.2. unreacted hydrogen utilizes by the present invention again, avoids the hidden danger that hydrogen discharge enters air or operational environment existence.3. the heat part that the present invention needs is provided by cell of fuel cell tail gas, and another part is obtained by the burning of the fuel such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, the hydrogen transport avoided and the unsafe factor in storing, the expense significantly reducing transport simultaneously and store.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is pressure tuner schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is system power supply schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is internal control circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
As Figure 1-4.
A kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it comprises hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit;
Hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, reformer unit utilizes hydrocarbon steam reforming to react or hydrogen is prepared in incomplete oxidation reaction, after clean unit, obtain the hydrogen of purity > 99.9%, be stored in hydrogen bottle for subsequent use; Cell of fuel cell is sent into after the hydrogen prepared is reduced pressure by pressure-reducing valve; Cell of fuel cell is used for burning hydrogen and produces direct current energy and heat, and direct current energy flows to DC/DC unit, and heat energy flows to hydrogen supply unit; DC/DC unit is connected to output unit by after direct current pressure regulation; Output unit, by electric energy supply load, is that the startup battery of output unit, DC/DC unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit are powered simultaneously; Routing inspection unit is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of sheet battery every in the fuel cell pile of cell of fuel cell, gathers the voltage data of all monolithic batteries and transfers to main control unit by RS232/485 communication module; Analog acquisition unit is connected with each transducer, and the data such as collecting temperature, voltage, electric current, gas concentration, pressure, transfer to main control unit by RS232/485 communication module; Man-machine interaction unit carries out data communication by RS232/485 communication module and main control unit, and by LCD real-time display system data, undertaken monitoring and fault alarm by acoustooptic alarm system, telecommunication can be realized, by the relevant configured parameter of USB module reading system by GPRS and host computer; Main control unit, by the actuator in PWM output module, I/O control module and D/A output module control system unit, is analyzed the various data-signals of system simultaneously.
Described hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, described reformer unit comprises the reacting furnace of a sealing, vapourizing furnace, water inlet, charging aperture and hydrogen outlet, described clean unit comprises cooling device and filter plant, the reacting furnace of reformer unit is used for fuel, the burning of water or oxygen, if fuel is liquid, need first in vapourizing furnace, to carry out carburation by evaporation, reacting furnace is entered in a gaseous form again by charging aperture, the gas outlet of reformer unit is connected with an air inlet of clean unit, another air inlet of clean unit is connected with oxygen channel, the cooling device that first product of reformer unit enters clean unit makes water vapor condensation get off, add catalyst afterwards, be CO by the CO catalytic oxidation in product
2, now only have hydrogen and CO in product
2, then make it by filter plant, by CO wherein
2remove, the gas outlet of clean unit is connected with the air inlet of storage hydrogen bottle, and the gas outlet of storage hydrogen bottle is connected with cell of fuel cell.
Described cell of fuel cell comprises the transducer H of pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve P3, mechanical valve P3', row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve P4, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, density of hydrogen
2pPM, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, fuel cell pile, pressure tuner, air heater and aerofoil fan, the storage hydrogen bottle gas outlet of aforesaid hydrogen supply unit is connected with pressure sensor S1 by pipeline, then hydrogen is successively by pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, the output of pressure-reducing valve P2 is connected with the input of pressure tuner, and the output of pressure tuner is connected with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pile; Security solenoid valve P3 is connected with pressure tuner respectively with mechanical valve P3' input simultaneously, and output is connected with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit.The hydrogen outlet of described fuel cell pile is connected with the input of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve through pressure sensor S3 by pipeline, the output of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve is connected with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit, described pressure tuner is also connected with pressure sensor S2, the offgas outlet of described fuel cell pile accesses reformer unit by pipeline, the output of described air heater is connected with the input of fuel cell pile, the output of fuel cell pile is connected with the input of aerofoil fan, the output of fuel cell pile is through current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 is connected with the input of DC/DC unit, current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 gathers correlated current, voltage data.
Described DC/DC unit comprises 48VDC/DC power module, current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2 and temperature sensor PT2, the described input of 48VDC/DC power module is connected with the output of fuel cell pile, the output of 48VDC/DC power module is connected with load device through current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2, and 48VDC/DC power module is also connected with temperature sensor PT2.
Described output unit comprises AC/DC module, internal control circuit, power-fail detection circuit, start battery, charger and 28VDC/DC module, the input of AC/DC module is connected with mains supply, the output of AC/DC module is connected through the input of internal control circuit with 28VDC/DC module, the output of 28VDC/DC module is connected with load, when civil power is normal, it is load supplying that 220V alternating current is converted to 28V direct current by AC/DC module, it is the startup battery charging of inside by charger simultaneously, and give the analog acquisition unit of system, main control unit, routing inspection unit and interpersonal interactive unit are powered, when power-fail detection circuit detects civil power power down by current sensor A3 and voltage sensor V3, inner startup battery is the transducer H of load, internal control circuit and intrasystem pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, density of hydrogen
2pPM, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, axial flow blower are powered.
Described routing inspection unit comprises signal conditioning circuit 1, microcontroller 1, A/D sampling module 1 and RS232 communication module, the input of described signal conditioning circuit 1 is connected by the both positive and negative polarity of data wire with every sheet battery of fuel cell pile, the signal output part of signal conditioning circuit 1 is connected with A/D sampling module 1, and described microcontroller 1 is connected with main control unit by RS232 communication module.
Described analog acquisition unit comprises signal conditioning circuit 2, microcontroller 3, A/D sampling module 2 and RS232 communication module, the input of described signal conditioning circuit 2 respectively with A3, V3, A4, current sensor A1-A4, voltage sensor V1-V3, pressure sensor S1-S3, temperature sensor PT1, PT3, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2 is connected with the respective signal output of environment hydrogen gas concentration sensor H2PPM, the signal output part of signal conditioning circuit 2 is connected with A/D sampling module 2, described microcontroller 3 is connected with main control unit by RS232 communication module.
Described man-machine interaction unit comprises LCD display, microcontroller 4, sound and light alarm device, shift knob and communication module, described communication module comprises RS232 communication module, usb communication module and GPRS communication module, described microcontroller 4 is connected with main control unit by the RS232 communication module in communication module, described LCD display is for showing hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit and the corresponding data of analog acquisition unit and state parameter, described sound and light alarm device is used for sending alarm signal when system is dangerous, described shift knob is used to open or close system.
Described main control unit comprises drive circuit, microcontroller 2, I/O output module, D/A output module, PWM output module and RS232 communication module, the input of described microcontroller 2 as main control unit input by RS232 communication module respectively with routing inspection unit, man-machine interaction unit is connected with analog acquisition unit, PWM output module is connected with aerofoil fan, the rotating speed of Control Shaft flow fan, D/A output module is connected with the second pressure-reducing valve with first pressure-reducing valve in storage hydrogen bottle exit, the pressure realizing exporting hydrogen is adjustable, I/O output module is through the power-fail detection circuit of drive circuit and output unit, the air heater of cell of fuel cell, relay and security solenoid valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve etc. is connected.
Described pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve and pressure sensor S3 are connected and fixed by welding and pressure tuner.
The filter plant of described clean unit is the filter that NaOH or limewash are housed, for filtering carbon dioxide.
Described catalyst is the oxide/carbon material of noble-metal-supported high-specific surface area or the oxide/carbon material catalyst of transition metal load high-specific surface area.
Described noble metal is as platinum, ruthenium, gold etc.; Described transition metal is as copper, iron, cobalt etc.; The oxide/carbon material of described high-specific surface area as silicon dioxide, porous carbon, cerium oxide etc., the specific area > 40m of oxide/carbon material
2/ g.
Fuel cell power system of the present invention is primarily of hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit composition (as shown in Figure 1).Hydrogen supply unit comprises hydrogen manufacturing and storage hydrogen partial, utilizes the hydrocarbons such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, methane and water or air by entering reformer unit generation steam reforming and react or partial oxidative steam reforming reacting and generates H
2, CO, CO
2, H
2the mists such as O, the cooling device that in product, first the impurity such as CO, CO2, water enter clean unit makes water vapor condensation get off, and adding catalyst afterwards, is CO by the CO catalytic oxidation in product
2, now only have hydrogen and CO in product
2, then make it by filter plant, by CO wherein
2removal obtains high-purity hydrogen, and hydrogen storage slack storage in storage hydrogen bottle of generation is stand-by in storage hydrogen bottle.The heat that reforming reaction needs is provided by fuel or unreacted combustion of hydrogen heat release, also can utilize the used heat that pile discharges; The chemical energy of hydrogen is direct current energy by cell of fuel cell, exports to DC/DC module; DC/DC unit will be load supplying after the direct current pressure regulation of fuel cell; Output unit is load when civil power power down, start battery and internal control circuit powers; Routing inspection unit gathers each single battery voltage, is transmitted as main control unit by microcontroller 1 by RS232/485; In analog acquisition unit acquisition system, the signal such as each several part temperature, pressure, voltage, electric current, gas concentration, flows to main control unit by RS232/485 module; The signal of main control unit analyzing and processing routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit transmission, the operating state of each unit of regulation and control system, and realize man-machine communication by man-machine interaction unit; Each running parameter of man-machine interaction unit display system and state, and realize man-machine short range, telecommunication.
During fuel cell reaction, have the energy of 40 ~ 50% to discharge with form of thermal energy, the high-temperature tail gas of discharge provides a part of heat for reformer unit, and another part is obtained by reacting by the complete combustion of fuel such as methyl alcohol, ethanol; Hydrogen simultaneously in cell of fuel cell generally all can not complete reaction, and the hydrogen of security solenoid valve, mechanical valve, the discharge of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve directly accesses reformer unit, unreacted combustion of hydrogen heat release, is reformation unit heating.Hydrogen supply unit in this fuel cell system avoids hydrogen and transports, stores the potential safety hazard and expensive expense brought, reduces system cost; By utilizing the used heat of fuel cell and unreacted hydrogen to be reformation unit heating, improve system capacity utilization ratio, eliminating hydrogen discharge simultaneously and entering the safety problem that air or operational environment bring.
Cell of fuel cell is by fuel cell pile, form for the temperature sensor PT1, the transducer H2PPM of monitoring of environmental density of hydrogen that measure the temperature sensor NTC1 ~ NTC2 of stack temperature, hydrogen two-stage decompression valve, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve, pressure tuner, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve, pressure sensor S1-S3, monitoring electricity push away operating ambient temperature, the voltage sensor V1 of monitoring pile and current sensor A1, air filter, air heating apparatus, aerofoil fan.Hydrogen supply unit hydrogen out reaches the pressure range that pile allows after two-stage decompression, and the confession automatically being controlled hydrogen by security solenoid valve is broken, and when system failure security solenoid valve is out of control, manually opened mechanical valve can let out hydrogen protection pile.The parts such as second depressurized valve, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve, pressure sensor S3 communicate (as shown in Figure 2) by welding realization with pressure tuner, the outlet of pressure tuner connects pile hydrogen inlet, reduce and use adapter, decrease hydrogen leak point, thus decrease the maintenance capacity of system.The caliber of pressure tuner is generally thicker than pipeline simultaneously, can increase transfer pipeline sectional area, reduces hydrogen flowing velocity, increase pressure, form hydrogen buffering pond, make the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure being delivered to galvanic pile module steady, and revise the pressure loss of hydrogen in Pipeline transport process.As required, pressure tuner can be designed to different shapes, as cylinder, spheroid etc., makes hydrogen can enter pile equably.Row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve is opened when Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is greater than the required value of pile, and protection electricity pushes away.Security solenoid valve, mechanical valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve are connected with reformer unit respectively, are again utilized by the hydrogen of discharge input reformer unit.By the numerical value of pressure sensor S1, S2, regulate pressure by main control unit D/A output module, controlled into hydrogen, the break-make of arranging hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve by main control unit I/O output module by the numerical value of pressure sensor S2, S3.Air is through particulate pollutants such as filter removing dust, by heater by air heat to preference temperature, its temperature is controlled according to the numerical value of temperature sensor PT3 by main control unit I/O output module, air after heating participates in reaction by direct current aerofoil fan suction pile, when fuel cell start-up, the unlatching of the PWM output module Control Shaft flow fan of main control unit.In order in case of emergency cut off load, protection fuel cell pile, connects relay between fuel cell and DC/DC export; it is in normally off when normal work; when running into emergency, cut off immediately by main control unit I/O output module, thus protection pile.
DC/DC unit comprises 48VDC/DC power module, monitors its output voltage, the temperature sensor PT2 of the voltage sensor V2 of electric current and current sensor A2, monitoring 48VDC/DC module work temperature.The output characteristic of fuel cell is softer, and its voltage exports and changes along with the change of load, and DC/DC module can carry out lowering and stabilizing blood pressure to pile, and exporting suitable voltage is load supplying.Its output voltage, electric current are fed back to main control unit by after the collection of analog acquisition unit.This unit uses the DC/DC module of Highgrade integration, and structure is simple, is easy to integrated.By rational deployment, the aerofoil fan in cell of fuel cell can be utilized to cool DC/DC module, avoid using special cooling device, decrease power consumption of cooling, further increase the efficiency of system.
Output unit is mainly load, civil power power-fail detection circuit and internal control circuit and powers, and as shown in Figure 3, cell switch and urban electric power switch are in normally off to its power supply circuit, and AC220/DC28V is the power module with charge function;
When civil power is normal, urban electric power switch, cell switch close, automatic control switch is opened, civil power is through AC/DC converter, be 28V direct current by 220V AC conversion, for starting battery charging, and power to the control circuit of system simulation amount collecting unit, main control unit, routing inspection unit and man-machine interaction unit, the now operating state of control circuit monitoring system; When civil power power down, internal control circuit receives power-off signal, closed automatic control switch, and start battery and start electric discharge, in load, system, electromagnetically operated valve, transducer, aerofoil fan and internal control circuit are powered, fuel cell starts fast; After fuel cell normally starts, automatic control switch is opened, and fuel cell is powered to electromagnetically operated valve, transducer, aerofoil fan and internal control circuit in load, system with crossing DC/DC, is given simultaneously start battery charging by charger.The fuel cell start-up time is several by tens seconds, and system can realize intelligent monitoring, is the seamless power supply of load.
Its performance degradation can be caused because this fuel cell system does not work for a long time, so when detect reach accumulative down time numerical value is set time, by disconnecting urban electric power switch force start system or send automatically activated signal by main control unit, like this can the high-performance of keeping system and long-lived operation.Cell switch plays a protective role to startup battery; when when civil power is normal, AC/DC module work is abnormal; start battery can continue to power to internal control circuit; put to prevent startup battery from crossing; now can according to the startup battery current signal detected; people, for opening cell switch, reaches the object that protection starts battery.
In the present invention, the internal control circuit of fuel cell power system as shown in Figure 4, and civil power transforms through AC/DC, start battery, fuel cell exports and exports 28V voltage respectively through two DC/DC converters, when civil power is normal, is that control circuit is powered by AC/DC; Before civil power power down, fuel cell normally do not work, startup battery is had to be that internal control circuit is powered; When civil power power down, fuel cell normally work, be that control circuit is powered by fuel cell.28V is directly for man-machine interaction unit LCD display, acoustic-optic alarm are powered; The output voltage of 28V is converted into 5V through DC/DC, for analog acquisition unit is powered; 5V voltage is converted into after 3.3V low pressure through LDO and powers for the parts such as main control unit, GPRS, USB.
In the present invention, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, man-machine interaction unit realize communication with main control unit by RS232/485 respectively, without communication between routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, man-machine interaction unit three.In the present invention, fuel cell system structure is simply compact, and functions of modules is clear and definite, and later period maintenance is easy.
Routing inspection unit comprises microcontroller 1, signal conditioning circuit 1, A/D sampling module 1; Signal conditioning circuit 1 input is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of every batteries of fuel cell pile, and its output is linked to A/D sampling module 1; MCU1 sends by RS232/485 line each magnitude of voltage gathered to main control unit, and for its adjustment control strategy, main control unit sends it to again man-machine interaction unit display, can the voltage of on-line monitoring monocell, to pinpoint the problems debugging in time and maintenance.Analog acquisition unit is made up of signal conditioning circuit 2, A/D sampling module 2, microcontroller 3 forms.The temperature NTC1 that electricity pushes away by signal conditioning circuit 2 ~ NTC2 signal, ambient temperature PT1 signal, DC/DC module temperature PT2 signal, air heat actuator temperature PT3 signal, pile output voltage current signal V1, A1, DC/DC module output voltage, current signal V2, A2, civil power down circuit voltage and current signal V3, A3, startup battery current signal A4, pressure sensor signal S1-S3, environment density of hydrogen H2PPM signal flow to A/D sampling module 2, MCU3 and carry out transfer of data by RS232/485 module and main control unit.Man-machine interaction unit comprises LCD display, sound and light alarm device, shift knob, USB, GPRS and epigynous computer section, realizes the communication with main control unit by RS232/485.LCD shows various data and the state parameters such as hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, realizes telecommunication and the understanding to system works situation more easily.The work clothes state of sound and light alarm device display system, if system is in unsafe condition, then sound and light alarm device system starts to send alarm signal, to notify operator, can find as early as possible and fix a breakdown.Switching signal can realize remote activation or shutdown system, be simultaneously system jam need emergency start or close time button.USB module can make main equipment or read the relevant parameter of configuration-system from the external USB flash disk of equipment, and USB module can make control unit as main equipment, and external USB flash disk reads or configuration-system relevant parameter; Also as from equipment, host computer can be connected to, directly configure from host computer or read the relevant parameter of control unit.GPRS can realize remote control and regulation.Epigynous computer section handled easily personnel realize automatic or manual regulation and control.Main control unit comprises PWM output module, D/A output module, I/O output module and drive circuit, microcontroller 2.The civil power power-off signal that main control unit gives according to analog acquisition unit, the rotating speed of PWM output module Control Shaft flow fan; D/A output module can control storage hydrogen bottle exit two-stage electric control valve as required, and the pressure realizing exporting hydrogen is adjustable; In order to the simplification of system, D/A output module and motorized adjustment valve portion can be removed, substitute with mechanical valve.During operation of fuel cells, I/O output module controls security solenoid valve and opens, fuel cell shutdown or when being in an emergency, and closed safe electromagnetically operated valve cuts off source of the gas.In system cloud gray model, when transducer P4 detects that row's hydrogen mouth Hydrogen Vapor Pressure reaches certain numerical value, I/O output module is the row's of opening hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve automatically, ensures that the safety of pile and high-performance are run, and when fuel cell start-up, it starts working its control air heating apparatus simultaneously.In order to protect pile, between fuel cell pile and DC/DC export, connecting relay, exported by I/O and control its break-make when needed.The communication with routing inspection unit and man-machine interaction unit is realized by RS232/485 module.
Claims (8)
1. based on a standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: it comprises hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit;
Hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, reformer unit utilizes hydrocarbon steam reforming to react or hydrogen is prepared in incomplete oxidation reaction, after clean unit, obtain the hydrogen of purity > 99.9%, be stored in hydrogen bottle for subsequent use, cell of fuel cell is sent into after the hydrogen prepared is reduced pressure by pressure-reducing valve, cell of fuel cell is used for burning hydrogen and produces direct current energy and heat, and direct current energy flows to DC/DC unit, and heat energy flows to hydrogen supply unit, DC/DC unit is connected to output unit by after direct current pressure regulation, output unit, by electric energy supply load, is that the startup battery of output unit, DC/DC unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit are powered simultaneously, routing inspection unit is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of sheet battery every in the fuel cell pile of cell of fuel cell, gathers the voltage data of all monolithic batteries and transfers to main control unit by RS232/485 communication module, analog acquisition unit is connected with each transducer, collecting temperature, voltage, electric current, gas concentration, pressure data, transfers to main control unit by RS232/485 communication module, man-machine interaction unit carries out data communication by RS232/485 communication module and main control unit, and by LCD real-time display system data, undertaken monitoring and fault alarm by acoustooptic alarm system, telecommunication can be realized, by the relevant configured parameter of USB module reading system by GPRS and host computer, main control unit, by the actuator in PWM output module, I/O control module and D/A output module control system unit, is analyzed the various data-signals of system simultaneously, described cell of fuel cell comprises the transducer H of pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve P3, mechanical valve P3', row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve P4, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, density of hydrogen
2pPM, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, fuel cell pile, pressure tuner, air heater and aerofoil fan, the storage hydrogen bottle gas outlet of aforesaid hydrogen supply unit is connected with pressure sensor S1 by pipeline, then hydrogen is successively by pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, the output of pressure-reducing valve P2 is connected with the input of pressure tuner, and the output of pressure tuner is connected with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pile, security solenoid valve P3 is connected with pressure tuner respectively with mechanical valve P3' input simultaneously, output is connected with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit, the hydrogen outlet of described fuel cell pile is connected with the input of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve through pressure sensor S3 by pipeline, the output of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve is connected with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit, described pressure tuner is also connected with pressure sensor S2, the offgas outlet of described fuel cell pile accesses reformer unit by pipeline, the output of described air heater is connected with the input of fuel cell pile, the output of fuel cell pile is connected with the input of aerofoil fan, the output of fuel cell pile is through current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 is connected with the input of DC/DC unit, current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 gathers correlated current, voltage data.
2. one according to claim 1 is based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, described reformer unit comprises the reacting furnace of a sealing, vapourizing furnace, water inlet, charging aperture and hydrogen outlet, described clean unit comprises cooling device and filter plant, the reacting furnace of reformer unit is used for fuel, the burning of water or oxygen, if fuel is liquid, need first in vapourizing furnace, to carry out carburation by evaporation, reacting furnace is entered in a gaseous form again by charging aperture, the gas outlet of reformer unit is connected with an air inlet of clean unit, another air inlet of clean unit is connected with oxygen channel, the cooling device that first product of reformer unit enters clean unit makes water vapor condensation get off, add catalyst afterwards, be CO by the CO catalytic oxidation in product
2, now only have hydrogen and CO in product
2, then make it by filter plant, by CO wherein
2remove, the gas outlet of clean unit is connected with the air inlet of storage hydrogen bottle, and the gas outlet of storage hydrogen bottle is connected with cell of fuel cell.
3. one according to claim 1 is based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described DC/DC unit comprises 48VDC/DC power module, current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2 and temperature sensor PT2, the described input of 48VDC/DC power module is connected with the output of fuel cell pile, the output of 48VDC/DC power module is connected with load device through current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2, and 48VDC/DC power module is also connected with temperature sensor PT2.
4. one according to claim 1 is based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described output unit comprises AC/DC module, internal control circuit, power-fail detection circuit, start battery, charger and 28VDC/DC module, the input of AC/DC module is connected with mains supply, the output of AC/DC module is connected through the input of internal control circuit with 28VDC/DC module, the output of 28VDC/DC module is connected with load, when civil power is normal, it is load supplying that 220V alternating current is converted to 28V direct current by AC/DC module, it is the startup battery charging of inside by charger simultaneously, and give the analog acquisition unit of system, main control unit, routing inspection unit and interpersonal interactive unit are powered, when power-fail detection circuit detects civil power power down by current sensor A3 and voltage sensor V3, inner startup battery is the transducer H of load, internal control circuit and intrasystem pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, density of hydrogen
2pPM, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, axial flow blower are powered.
5. one according to claim 1 is based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve and pressure sensor S3 are connected and fixed by welding and pressure tuner.
6. one according to claim 2 is based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: the filter plant of described clean unit is the filter that NaOH or limewash are housed, for filtering carbon dioxide.
7. one according to claim 2 is based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described catalyst is the oxide/carbon material of noble-metal-supported high-specific surface area or the oxide/carbon material catalyst of transition metal load high-specific surface area.
8. one according to claim 7 is based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described noble metal comprises platinum, ruthenium, gold; Described transition metal comprises copper, iron, cobalt; The oxide/carbon material of described high-specific surface area comprises specific area > 40m
2/ g silicon dioxide, porous carbon, cerium oxide.
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